vvEPA
www.epa.gov
Agricultural Land Uses at Superfund Sites
PLANTING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
What's Inside?
+ Traditional Agricultural Operations at
Superfund Sites
+ New Agricultural Possibilities at
Superfund Sites
Nebraska Ordnance Plant Site
Greensgrow Farm
Liberty Lands Community Park
Sustainable Forestry
+ Taking a Look Back:
Agriculture and Superfund Sites
+ Resources
+ References
Introduction
This report provides a series of case studies illustrating how Superfund
sites across the country are being used for agricultural purposes. Local
governments, communities and other parties are working together to
reclaim landscapes for agricultural land uses that benefit local communities
and the environment. The report touches on traditional fanning activities
and focuses on several innovative agricultural land uses. Concluding
sections highlight several key lessons learned and identify resources for
parties interested in pursuing agricultural reuse opportunities at Superfund
sites.
The revitalization of contaminated lands is now widespread, with sites
being returned to a wide range of land uses to meet multiple community
needs. As of 2011, there are over 550 Superfund sites in actual or
plarmed use, including more than 210 sites in agricultural, ecological or
recreational uses.
According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USD A), over
440 million acres (20 percent of the country's land) is dedicated to growing
crops in the United States, and another 587 million acres (26 percent)
is in pasture and range, largely used for domestic livestock production.
While these farming activities remain the core of American agriculture,
agricultural land uses also continue to diversify; recent trends include
value-added farm products, organic agriculture, niche fanning, alternative
energy production and an emphasis on community food systems and food
security.
Agricultural land uses at Superfund sites reflect these dynamics. Activities
at many of these sites are fanning operations like grazing and cropland,
while other sites host agricultural land uses that transform waste into
energy and sustain local food systems. Future agricultural possibilities at
these sites could play a role in addressing national and global priorities
like climate change.
According to USDA, more than a billion acres of land in the United States are dedicated to growing crops and livestock production. /Is of 2011, there are
over 550 Superfund sites in actual or planned use, including more than 210 sites in agricultural, ecological or recreational uses.
1
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Superfund Redevelopment Initiative

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Agricultural Operations at Superfund
Sites
Farming activities like grazing and cropland are located at sites that have remained in continuous use as well as at sites in reuse
following cleanup.
•	At the Crossley Farm site in Berks County, Pennsylvania waste drums contaminated area ground water, but have
not limited local fanning activities.
•	At the Summitville Mine site in Del Norte, Colorado, contamination from gold and silver mining activities
contaminated area ground water and surface water, but has not affected the viability of local grazing.
•	In 2005, a local community organization began managing a cattle ranch on the Clark Fork River portion of
the Milltown Reservoir / Clark Fork River site in western Montana as a showcase for sustainable ranching
techniques.
•	At the Silver Mountain Mine site in Loo mis, Washington, cattle have been grazing across most of the 5-acre
site for more than a decade; the site's capped mine tailings are fenced to ensure the protectiveness of the site's
remedy.
• In Lindsay, Nebraska, treated ground water from the Lindsay Manufacturing Company site is being used to
irrigate alfalfa crops thanks to a partnership between the responsible party and a neighboring farmer.
At the Silver Mountain Mine site in Loomis, Washington, cattle have been grazing across most of the 5-acre site for more than a decade.
Source: EPA
2

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Additional Agricultural Possibilities
at Superfund Sites
Agricultural land uses in the United States continue to change and diversify over time, capitalizing on other uses of the nation's
natural resource base. Superfund sites offer opportunities to host innovative agricultural land uses that transform waste into energy,
sustain local food systems and support sustainable forestry operations, as illustrated in the case studies below.
Waste Recycling, Alternative Energy and Agricultural Research
Waste recycling is a key component of industrial ecology, an interdisciplinary field that focuses on sustainably integrating natural
resources with the economy and technology. In agriculture, this translates into developing new uses for waste products, like manure
and crop residues. In recent decades, agricultural waste products have proven to be particularly well-suited for alternative energy
generation. A former munitions plant in Nebraska illustrates that rural Superfund sites can be well-suited to waste recycling and
alternative energy opportunities. The agricultural research facilities at the site also highlight how some sites can support multiple
agricultural land uses.
Nebraska Ordnance Plant Site: Mead, Nebraska
The Nebraska Ordnance Plant is a Superfund site located in eastern Nebraska. A former army munitions production plant,
portions of the plant were sold to various entities beginning in 1962. At the time, addressing potentially unexploded ordnance
was the primary concern. Once the site was added to EPA's National Priorities List in 1989, site contaminants, including
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), volatile organic compounds and explosives residues were addressed.
Today, portions of the 17,000-acre area are the focus of several innovative agricultural efforts, including waste recycling,
alternative energy generation and agricultural research. Based on these innovative uses, the facility has been recognized as
part of EPA's Environmentally Responsible Redevelopment and Reuse (ER3) Initiative, which is designed to promote the
sustainable redevelopment or reuse of formerly contaminated sites.
Waste Recycling and Alternative Energy Generation
The E3 Biofuels Genesis plant, located on part of the Nebraska
Ordnance Plant site, was designed to be a self-sustaining,
"closed-loop" process where waste from an on-site, 30,000-
head cattle feedlot would be processed by an anaerobic digester
to produce biogas to power an on-site ethanol plant. Wet
distillers grain, a byproduct of ethanol production, would be
fed to the cattle and residual material from the facility's solid
waste management would be separated into liquid and solid
biofertilizers.
According to E3 Biofuels CEO Dennis Langley, the site was
initially selected due to its existing cattle feedlot, one of the
few in the country which already had roofs over the cows and
slatted floors for quick collection of manure. The E3 Biofuels
complex's anaerobic digester requires "clean manure" that
does not contain dirt, sand or water in order to create biogas.
Other key factors included the plant's proximity to the Omaha and Lincoln ethanol markets, as well as a strong corn supply
from the surrounding area. The site also benefits from an existing natural gas supply line, which could provide a backup energy
supply for the facility.
BIOGAS FUEL UNIT
(ANAEROBIC DIGESTER)
Dairy/feedlot
produces manure to
create bio-methane.
DAIRY/
FEEDLOT
>
CLOSED LOOP
w*
w
RECYCLE
Digester produces 100%
of energy to operate the
. ethanol plant.
Cellulosic BioMass
to BioGas unit
ETHANOL
PLANT
Ethanol plant produces feed
used by the dairy or feedlot.
E3 Biofuels' "closed-loop" waste recycling system.
Source: E3 Biofuels

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Nebraska Ordnance Plant Case Study (continued)
E3 BioFuels launched its $80 million Genesis plant in early 2007, as the world's first closed-loop ethanol plant fueled largely
by biogas from animal waste instead of coal or natural gas. While the plant was later closed down following a boiler explosion.
Spectrum Business Ventures Inc. of Kansas City, Missouri, and its affiliate, AltEn LLC of Kansas acquired the plant in
November 2010, with plans to restart production in 2011. The Genesis plant has the capacity to produce 25 million gallons of
ethanol a year and consume 300,000 tons of manure. Restarting the facility will restore local jobs and strengthen the region's
economy.
"Biofuels have the potential to help solve global wanning because the growing plants used to make them absorb carbon
dioxide that's already in our atmosphere," said David Tuft, campaign director of the Natural Resources Defense Council's
climate center in Washington. D.C., who attended the original launch of the Genesis plant in 2007. "Next-generation biofuels,
like those made by the closed-loop system at the Genesis plant, make solving global wanning easier by avoiding the use of
fossil fuels in their manufacture. That means we're releasing less of the ancient carbon that is trapping heat in our atmosphere."
Agricultural Research
More than 9,500 acres of the Nebraska Ordnance Plant site are operated by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Agricultural
Research and Development Center (ARDC). Agricultural research conducted at ARDC includes crop production livestock,
plant disease and wildlife management. Nearly half of the land used by ARDC is made up of row crops and there are over 6,000
domestic fann animals used for research at the site. Crop production research encompasses plant breeding, genetics, plant
physiology, soil and water science and weed science. Investigation into plant disease and pests focuses on disease prevention
and control.
Community Food Systems and Urban Superfund
Farming
Waste recycling is a key component of industrial ecology, an
interdisciplinary field that focuses on sustainably integrating
natural resources with the economy and technology. In
agriculture, this translates into developing new uses for waste
products, like manure and crop residues. In recent decades,
agricultural waste products have proven to be particularly well-
suited for alternative energy generation. A fonner munitions
plant in Nebraska illustrates that rural Superfund sites can
be well-suited to waste recycling and alternative energy
opportunities. The agricultural research facilities at the site also
highlight how some sites can support multiple agricultural land
uses.
In addition to waste recycling, agricultural land uses at
Superfund sites include community food systems and
urban fanns. In a community food system, food production
processing, distribution and consumption are integrated to
enhance public and enviromnental health. Community food
systems can be located in rural or urban communities and
function at the neighborhood scale or in larger areas, like cities,
counties and regions.
Rising energy and food prices and increased consumer interest
in the source and quality of food has led to the rapid growth of
community food systems. U SDA reported that the number of
fanner's markets climbed to 6,132 in 2010. up 53 percent from
a decade earlier. Sales from those markets reached $1 billion.
In 2000, around 400 fanns offered direct, fanner-to-consumer
community supported agriculture (CSA) programs: in 2011,
there are approximately 1,500 CSA programs nationwide.
Two fanns on fonnerly contaminated areas in Philadelphia
highlight that urban sites can also be well-suited to agricultural
reuse, building on the burgeoning national interest incommunity
food systems. Urban Superfund sites are often located in
close proximity to large numbers of people, as well as lower-
income neighborhoods with limited access to fresh produce.
These sites are large enough to support viable urban fanns and
available infrastructure can reduce start-up costs. Finally, the
revitalization of these fonnerly vacant, stigmatized properties
can help foster and sustain neighborhood revitalization efforts,
replacing areas of community concern with local amenities.
in 2011, there are approximately 1,500 CSA programs nationwide.
Source: Greensgrow Farm

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Greensgrow Farm: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Greensgrow Farm is one of the leading urban agriculture
projects in the United States. Located on a 1-acre plot in
Philadelphia's low-income Kensington neighborhood, raised
beds and greenhouses have taken the place of a former steel-
galvanizing factory.
When Greensgrow Farm's co-founder and chief farm hand
Mary Steton acquired the property in 1998, the Boyle
Galvanizing Superfund site had been vacant for decades.
When the factory closed, it left behind lead, arsenic, zinc and
cadmium contamination. EPA conducted a removal action at
the site in 1995 to address site contaminants, excavating and
backfilling the site with clean soil.
A chef and entrepreneur, Ms. Steton was looking to start
an urban fann to grow lettuce to supply restaurants in
Philadelphia. She selected the Boyle Galvanizing site
because it was a large piece of property located close to her
customers. To ensure the feasibility of the site's agricultural
reuse, she relied on EPA's risk assessment for the site and
coordinated with environmental specialists at Penn State
University. Greensgrow Farms trucked in more clean soil,
constructed greenhouses to grow crops hydroponically and
later built raised garden beds.
"With the right cleanup and lots of hard work,
anything is possible."
-Mary Steton, co-founder and chief
farm hand, Greensgrow Farm
B
Plants for sale at Greensgrow Farm, an urban agriculture project
located on a former Superfund site in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Source: Greensgrow Farm
greenhouses at the outset; the farm then expanded into
providing cut flowers and building raised beds for expanded
production.
Ms. Steton indicated that while Greensgrow Farm has become
a successful enterprise, community outreach and education
remains a key part of the company's mission. "Just last week,
there was a response to a newspaper review of a restaurant
that serves our produce, saying that people eating there would
grow three heads," Ms. Steton said. "I wrote back to say that
I have always had to be comfortable feeding this food to my
own family first, before I would ever consider providing it to
our clients."
According to Ms. Steton, her biggest initial challenge was
transforming the community's perception of the site and its
agricultural reuse. "I was confident about the quality of what
we were growing because we worked so closely with EPAs
site information and environmental specialists while deciding
on this site," Ms. Steton explained. "But the neighborhood
took a while to come around. People used to cross the street
to avoid getting close to the site. In those early days, we even
had people come up and yell through the fence, telling us to
get off the land."
Today, what began as an operation providing lettuce to
restaurants has blossomed into a plant nursery, farm stand
and CSA program. At its farm stand, Greensgrow Farm
offers honey and produce grown on-site, as well as organic
free-range meat, artisan bread and crafts from farms in
surrounding counties. In addition, the fann recycles cooking
oil from its restaurant clientele to produce its own biodiesel
and is planning to add solar panels to its fann stand roof.
Today, Greensgrow Fann's CSA has grown to include over
140 members.
Greensgrow Fann began with small-scale operations,
expanding its offerings as the company's neighborhood
and restaurant client profile became more established.
The company's lettuce was all hydroponically grown in
"It's come with hard work," Ms. Steton said, looking back
over the past decade. "With the right cleanup and lots of hard
work, anything is possible."
5

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Liberty Lands Community Park: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Two miles northeast of Greensgrow Farm, another vacant area has been reclaimed as an urban garden and community park.
Liberty Lands community park includes garden plots and a composting area, a children's playground, and community art and
sculpture.
Twenty years ago, the Northern Liberties neighborhood was the only zip code in Philadelphia without a community green
space. The neighborhood was the location of several tanneries until 1986; operations led to the area's contamination with
pesticides, PCBs and metals. EPA conducted removal actions and cleaned up the area. In 1987, EPA removed 750 drums,
hundreds of laboratory chemical containers, 23 sludge containers and crushed drums. EPA followed up in 1990 to clean up
spilled PCBs.
Before: The neighborhood prior to cleanup.
Source: EPA
After: Liberty Lands community park.
Source: NLNA
Neighborhood residents led the way in transforming the area into an urban garden and community park, addressing significant
obstacles and finding resources to make Liberty Lands a reality. Initial reuse plans for the area had called for loft housing;
when the development did not move forward, the developer donated the site property to the Northern Liberties Neighborhood
Association (NLNA) in 1995. based on the neighborhood's interest. The NLNA worked with the City of Philadelphia to
remove a $500,000 lien that had been attached to the property, and received a $60,000 grant from the Pennsylvania Urban
Resources Partnership Program in 1997 to support the park's development. EPA provided soil testing and other technical
assistance to ensure that the site was safe for reuse as a park and community garden.
The goal of the Liberty Lands project was to create a multi-use open space on the 2-acre area. The park would feature
community garden plots, a perimeter of trees, a large open central area for community events and festivals, a mural and a
fanners market. Following hundreds of hours of donated time, monthly meetings, outreach and fundraising efforts. Liberty
Lands opened. As of 2011, the park also lias a stonnwater management best practices demonstration project, financed by city
and state agencies, which includes an innovative cistern system that saves street runoff for park irrigation.
Today, Liberty Lands is at the heart of a revitalizing community; residential and commercial development around the park
has accelerated in recent years. NLNA continues to own and operate the park. Liberty Lands offers year-round activities: an
annual neighborhood festival, Halloween hayrides, a summer movie series, garden tours, and community musical and dramatic
events. The park provides community garden plots for neighborhood residents, an herb and butterfly garden, open space for
community events, murals, a children's playground, and a perimeter of trees and benches.

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Sustainable Forestry at Superfund Sites
Sustainable forest management operations are located at several
former Superfund sites across the country. For example, the
120-acre Petersen Sand & Gravel site outside Chicago is now
part of the 1,100-acre Independence Grove Forest Preserve,
which provides a diverse natural, conservation, recreation and
education area that serves as a regional community resource.
The sustainable management of forest resources enables natural
resource stewardship and the production of forest products
over time. Sustainably managed forests contain varied species,
multiple habitats and multiple stages of forest regeneration,
from seedlings to mature timber.
Sustainably managed forest areas can be harvested for timber
over the long term, generating significant revenues. In some
cases, sustainably managed forests can also generate revenues
through the mitigation of greenhouse gases, by sequestering
carbon dioxide (CO,) to address climate change. Biological
carbon sequestration occurs as trees and plants store C02 in
their roots, bark and leaves. Forest management can provide
The Petersen Sand & Gravel Superfund site in Libertyviiie, Illinois, is
now part of the 1,100-acre Independence Grove Forest Preserve.
Source; EPA
a significant opportunity to reduce C02 levels. Finally, forest
management can also serve as a part of cleanup remedies at
Superfund sites - phytoremediation techniques rely on plants
and trees to remove contaminants from site soils.
in addition to being harvested for timber and mitigating greenhouse gases, sustainably managed forest areas can also help clean up Superfund sites.
Source: EPA

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Taking a Look Back:
Agriculture and Superfund Sites
Agricultural Reuse of Superfund Sites Is Possible.
Agricultural land uses at Superfund sites range from traditional
activities like cropland to newer land uses that transform waste
into energy and sustain local food systems. At some sites,
site remedies can already support non-intensive agricultural
activities like grazing. At other sites, above-ground structures
like greenhouses and raised beds can enable agricultural
uses while remaining protective of human health and the
enviromnent.
Different Types of Superfund Sites Are Suited to
Different Types of Agricultural Land Uses.
The case studies presented in this report illustrate that small
Superfund sites near population centers can be well-suited to
urban agriculture, harnessing the rapid growth of interest in
community food systems. At the other end of the spectrum,
large Superfund sites like the Nebraska Ordnance Plant site
can support multiple large-scale agricultural land uses. Other
land uses, like sustainably managed forest areas, also offer
opportunities to co-locate multiple complementary land uses,
like forestry, recreational trails, wildlife habitat and ecological
land uses.
Stakeholder Engagement and Good Working
Relationships Are Critically Important.
Reusing Superfund sites for agricultural land uses requires the
involvement of diverse site and community stakeholders to
incorporate the requisite expertise. At each of the sites discussed
in this report, community organizations, local governments,
site owners, land users and technical specialists worked with
EPA and state agency staff to understand site conditions,
contamination and remedies and to evaluate agricultural reuse
opportunities.
Agricultural Land Uses Can Help Clean Up
Superfund Sites.
At sites where remedies have not yet been selected, it may
also be possible for plant-based agricultural land uses,
including sustainable forest management, to serve as part of
a site's remedy. Phytoremediation techniques rely on plants
and trees like poplars and willows to remove contaminants,
particularly metals and organic compounds, from site soils.
Phytoremediation works optimally when plant or tree roots
reach the depth of soil contamination.
Resources are Available to Support Agricultural
Land Uses at Contaminated Lands.
Federal, state, local and non-governmental resources are
available for parties interested in agricultural land uses at
contaminated lands. The resources and references on the
following pages provide additional information as well as
references for the case studies presented in the report.
For More Information
EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Initiative provides tools, case studies and resource information addressing the reuse
of Superfund sites. For more information, contact Melissa Friedland, EPA's National Program Manager for Superfund
Redevelopment, at 703-603-8864 / friedland. mclissa/7cpa.gov and Frank Awisato at 703-603-8949 / a v v i sa to. fra nk a c pa .gov.
Website: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle
EPA's Environmentally Responsible Redevelopment and Reuse (ER3) Initiative uses enforcement and other Agency-wide
incentives to promote the sustainable cleanup and redevelopment of contaminated sites, including Superfund sites. The Initiative
supports pilot redevelopment projects that incorporate sustainability principles.
Website: http://www.epa.gov/oecaerth/cleanup/revitalization/er3/index.html
EPA's Abandoned Mine Lands Team provides communities with reuse-related technical support and resources for Superfund
sites that are also former mining areas.
Website: http://www.epa.gov/aml/revital/index.htm
8

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Resources
Resource
Organization
Program Description
Website
General Agriculture Resources
Cooperative State
Research, Education
and Extension Service
(CSREES)
USDA CSREES
USDA CSREES provides links to state
and local resources and programs as well
as agricultural research.
http://www.csrees.usda.gov
National Agricultural
Library (NAL)
USD A NAL
The NAL is a national agricultural
information repository that provides
access to seven specialized information
centers.
http://www.nal.usda.gov
Agricultural Research
Service (ARS)
Initiatives
USDA ARS
USD As ARS research initiatives focus
on bio-based products and bioenergy,
floriculture and nursery research, grape
research and natural resources research.
http://www.ars.usda.gov/
main/main.htm
Agricultural Marketing
Resource Center
Iowa State University,
Kansas State University
and the University of
California
National multi-university center focused
on value-added agriculture, with links to
state and federal directories and resources.
http://www.agmrc.org
Marketing and Food
System, Agricultural
Policy and Ecosystem
Service Initiatives
Iowa State University
Leopold Center for
Sustainable Agriculture
University center with programs to
develop sustainable agricultural practices
that are both profitable and conserve
natural resources.
http://www.leopold.iastate.
edu/research/research_
programs.htm
Center for Agriculture in
the Environment
American Farmland
Trust
Non-profit organization center focused on
farmland protection and natural resource
stewardship.
http://www.fannland.org/
resources/cae/default.asp
Food and Society
Initiative
W.K. Kellogg
Foundation
Non-profit organization with extensive
information and publications on food
systems and rural development. The
foundation no longer provides project
grants.
http://wkkf.org/default.aspx?
tabid=54&CID=4&NID= 17
&LanguageID=0
Terrestrial Carbon
Sequestration Assistance
U.S. Department of
Energy and USDA
Forest Service
Federal agencies provide general
information on terrestrial carbon
sequestration.
http://fossil.energy.gov/
sequestration/index.html
Climate Change Website
EPA
EPA's climate change website provides
information on carbon sequestration
related to agriculture and fanning.
http://www.epa.gov/
sequestration/index.html
EPA Resources
EPA Superfund
Redevelopment
Initiative
EPA Office of
Superfund Remediation
and Technology
Innovation
EPA initiative focused on the reuse of
Superfund sites.
http ://www.epa. gov/
superfund/programs/recycle
EPAER3 Initiative
-ER3 Pilot Projects
EPA Office of
Site Remediation
Enforcement
EPA initiative focused on the sustainable
cleanup and redevelopment of
contaminated sites.
http ://www.epa. gov/
oecaerth/cleanup/
revitalization/er3/index.html
EPA Abandoned Mine
Lands Team
EPA Office of
Superfund Remediation
and Technology
Innovation
EPA team provides communities with
reuse-related technical support and
resources for Superfund sites that are also
former mining areas.
http ://www.epa. gov/aml/
revital/index.htm

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Resource
Organization
Program Description
Website
Case Study Resources
Nebraska Ordnance
Plant Site Alternative
Energy Fact Sheet
EPAER3 Initiative
Fact sheet summarizing the reuse of a
portion of the Nebraska Ordnance Plant
site as an alternative energy resource.
http://www.epa.gov/
oecaerth/resources/
publications/cleanup/er3/
e3bio-fs.pdf
Agricultural Research
and Development Center
(ARDC)
University of Nebraska-
Lincoln
Summary of the agricultural research
ongoing at the University of Nebraska-
Lincoln's ARDC at the Nebraska
Ordnance Plant site.
http://ardc.unl.edu
Greensgrow Farm
Greensgrow Farm
An urban community farm located on a
former Superfund site in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
http://www.greensgrow.org
Liberty Lands
Community Park
Northern Liberties
Neighborhood
Association
Neighborhood summary of the reuse of
a contaminated site in Philadelphia as an
urban community garden and park.
http://www.
northernlibertiesnow.org/
resources4.html
American Tree Farm
System
American Forest
Foundation
A non-profit organization focused on
sustainable forestry practices.
http://www.treefannsystem.
org
References
Introduction
Superfund site reuse information, available from EPA's Superfund Redevelopment Initiative, at: http://www.epa.gov/
superfund/programs/recy cle.
USDA Economic Research Service's "Environmental Interactions with Agricultural Production" briefing, at: http://www.
ers.usda.gov/Briefing/AgAndEnvironment/background.htm.
May 2007 USDA Amber Winds article update "Policy Options for a Changing America," at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/
AmberWaves/May07SpecialIssue/Features/Policy.htm.
May 2006 USDA Economic Research Service "Major Land Uses in the United States" Economic Information Bulletin
(EIB-14), at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB14.
December 2002 McGill School of the Environment report "Brownfield Remediation: Solutions for Urban Agriculture," at:
http://mse-research.mcgill.ca/envr401_2002/brownfields.
Nebraska Ordnance Case Study
University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Agricultural Research and Development Center, at: http://ardc.unl.edu.
E3 Biofuels website, at: http://www.e3biofuels.com.
February 2011 Omaha World-Herald article "Suit Filed Over Ethanol Plant Blast," at: http://www.omaha.com/
article/20110210/MONEY/702109842.
March 2009 EPA fact sheet for the Nebraska Ordnance Plant site, at: http://www.epa.gov/region07/cleanup/npl_files/
ne6211890011.pdf.
August 2008 interview and e-mail correspondence with EPA Remedial Project Manager Scott Marquess.
September 2007 EPA fact sheet for the Nebraska Ordnance Plant site, at: http://www.epa.gov/Region7/factsheets/2007/
fs_removal_univ_ne_ARDC_ordnance_mead_ne0907.htm.
November 2006 EPA ER3 Initiative fact sheet for the E3 Biofuels complex, EPA publication # 330-F-06-004, at: http://
www.epa.gov/oecaertli/resources/publications/cleanup/er3/e3bio-fs.pdf.

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Community Food Systems Introduction
2011 Cornell University website "Local and Regional Food Systems: Initiatives & Resources," at: http://foodsys.cce.
Cornell, edu/primer. html.
USD A Alternative Fanning Systems Information Center, at: http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/csa/csadef.shtml.
2001 USDA Office of Community Development Technote 20 "Community Supported Agriculture," at: http://www.rurdev.
usda.gov/rbs/CDP-TN20.pdf.
Greensgrow Farm and Liberty Lands Case Studies
Greensgrow Farm website, at: http://www.greensgrow.org.
2008 interview with Greensgrow Farm co-founder Mary Steton.
2008 EPA fact sheet "A Vision of Liberty Is Realized," at: http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/success/libertylandspass.pdf.
Northern Liberties Neighborhood Association website, at: http://www.northernlibertiesnow.org/resources4.html.
May 1999 Philadelphia CityPaper article "Give Me Liberty Lands," at: http://www.citypaper.net/articles/042999/news.liit.
runl.shtml.
Introduction to Forest Management
U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Sequestration Program website, at: http://fossil.energy.gov/sequestration.
Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum website, at: http://www.cslforum.org.
U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory's Carbon Sequestration Program website, at: http://
www. netl. doe .gov/technologies/carbon_seq/index. html.
Energy Information Administration website, at: http://www.eia.doe.gov.
April 2011 EPAreport, "Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2009," at: http://www.epa.gov/
climatechange/emissions/usinventory report.html.
2010 USDAForest Service "National Report on Sustainable Forests," at: http://www.fs.fed.us/researcli/sustain/documents/
SustainableForests.pdf.
September 2007 Congressional Budget Office report, "The Potential for Carbon Sequestration in the United States," at:
http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/86xx/doc8624/09-12-CarbonSequestration.pdf.
March 2007 U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory report, "Carbon Sequestration Atlas of
the United States," at: http://www.netl.doe.gov/teclinologies/carbon_seq/refshelf/atlas.
November 2005 EPA report, "Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential in U.S. Forestry and Agriculture," at: http://www.epa.
gov/sequestration/pdf/greenliousegas2005.pdf.
February 1995 Montreal Process Working Group report, "Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable
Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests," at: http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/inpci/rep-pub/1995/santiago_e.litinl.
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database, at: http://plants.usda.gov/index.html.
EPA provides resource information on carbon sequestration in agriculture and forestry on the Agency's website, at: http://
www.epa.gov/sequestration/index.html.
The U.S. Department of Energy provides resource information on carbon sequestration on the Department's website, at:
http://fossil.energy.gov/sequestration/index.html.
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Agricultural Land Uses at Superfund Sites
PLANTING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
SEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Superfund Redevelopment Initiative
Washington, DC
May 2011

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