vvEPA
September 2014
Superfund Sites Work
for Communities:
A Look at the Beneficial
Redevelopment in EPA Region 3

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Kimberton site (Pennsylvania)
What's Inside?
Preface and Introduction
Support for Superfund Reuse
Superfund Reuse: The Big Picture
Beneficial Effects of Superfund Site Reuse
Reuse in Action
State Reuse Profiles
Delaware
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Virginia
West Virginia
Reuse on the Horizon
Conclusion
Sources
i
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Preface
Every day.; EPA s Superfundprogram makes a visible difference in communities
nationwide. The revitalization of communities affected by contaminated lands is a key
part of Superfund's mission, delivering significant, benefits one community at. a time,
all across the country. Through EPA I Superfund Redevelopment Initiative, the Agency
contributes to the economic vitality of these communities by supporting the return of sites
to productive use. These regional reports highlight these community-led efforts in action,
as EPA launches a new era of partnerships and works toward a sustainable future.
Introduction
The states in EPA Region 3 - Delaware, Maryland. Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia - and the District of Columbia
are part of one of the nation's most diverse, developed and populated regions. Residents and visitors alike benefit from the
region's diverse landscapes, providing occasions to enjoy wildlife and remarkable natural resources such as the Appalachian
Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay. Focused on growing industry, celebration of cultural heritage and ecological preservation,
Mid-Atlantic communities are planning for a future that sustains long-term economic growth and healthy environments. A
key part of this work centers on finding new uses for old industrial and federal facility sites, including Superfund sites. The
Superfund program in EPA Region 3 is proud to play a role in these efforts.
The cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites can often restore value to site properties and surrounding communities that have been
negatively affected by contamination and blighted structures. Site reuse can revitalize a local economy with new businesses,
employment opportunities, tax revenues and local spending. Reuse of Superfund sites can yield other important social and
environmental benefits for communities as
well. Through programs like the Superfund
Redevelopment Initiative (SRI), EPA
Region 3 helps communities reclaim cleaned
up Superfund sites and transform them into
beneficial assets. Factoring in future use of
Superfund sites as part of the cleanup process
helps pave the way for their safe reuse. EPA
Region 3 works closely with state agencies
and local officials to overcome barriers that
have kept many Superfund sites vacant
and underused for decades. EPA Region
3 also works to ensure that businesses on
Superfund properties can continue operating
safely during site investigations and cleanup,
enabling these businesses to continue
providing communities with services, jobs
and revenue.
The results are impressive. Superfund sites across Region 3 are now the location of business parks, retail shops and
public service facilities. Many sites continue to host industrial operations such as large-scale manufacturing facilities and
warehouses. Others are now nature preserves, recreational trails and athletic fields. On-site businesses and organizations at
current and former Region 3 Superfiind sites provide nearly 10,000 jobs and contribute an estimated $618 million in annual
employment income for residents. Restored site properties also generate property tax revenues for local governments.
This report looks at how reuse activities at Superfund sites make a difference in communities in Region 3. In particular, the
report reviews some of the beneficial effects of Superfiind reuse activities at current and former Superfiind sites, as well as
the land values and property taxes associated with Superfiind sites returned to use following cleanup.
Atlantic Wood Industries, Inc. site (Virginia)
EPA Region 3
2

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Support for Superfund Reuse
EPA Region 3 remains committed to making a difference in communities through the cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites.
In addition to protecting human health and the environment through the Superfund program, EPA Region 3 partners with
stakeholders to encourage reuse opportunities at Superfund sites. EPA Region 3 helps communities and cleanup managers
consider reuse options during the cleanup planning stage and evaluate remedies already in place to ensure appropriate reuse
at cleaned-up sites. In addition, EPA participates in partnerships with communities and encourages opportunities to support
Superfund redevelopment projects that emphasize environmental and economic sustainability.
Specific reuse support efforts in EPA Region 3 include:
Identifying and evaluating local land use priorities to align these priorities with site cleanup plans through the
reuse planning process.
Facilitating cleanup and reuse discussions to help resolve key issues between parties interested in site
redevelopment.
Supporting targeted projects intended to help Region 3 communities and EPA find die right tools to move reuse
forward at sites.
Making efforts to help address communities" and developers' liability, safety and reuse concerns related to
Superfund site reuse through development of educational materials, comfort letters, developer agreements and
environmental status reports that provide information about the appropriate use of sites.
Supporting partnerships with groups committed to putting Superfund sites back into use, such as the Rails-
to-Trails Conservancy, the U.S. Soccer Foundation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and local economic
development organizations.
Developing reuse fact sheets, videos, websites, reuse case studies and Return to Use Demonstration Project
summaries to share opportunities and lessons associated with Superfund redevelopment.
All of these efforts have helped build expertise across Region 3, making it easier to consider future use of Superfund sites
prior to cleanup and easier to identify opportunities for removing reuse barriers. These efforts also help other communities,
state agencies, potentially responsible parties and developers better understand potential future uses for Superfund sites.
This helps stakeholders collaborate and engage early in the cleanup process, ensuring that Superfund sites are successfully
restored as productive assets for communities. Most importantly, these efforts lead to significant returns for communities,
including jobs, annual income and tax revenues.
Avtex Fibers, Inc. site (Virginia)
Palmerton Zinc Pile site (Pennsylvania)
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EPA Region 3

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Superfund Reuse: The Big Picture
iia Blue
L.WAY Tr
Trail Head
Piney River
EPA has placed 215 sites in Region 3 on the National Priorities List
(NPL) since the Superfund program began in 1980. The Agency oversees
investigation and cleanup of additional Superfund alternative sites in the
region, and performs or oversees short-term cleanup actions as well.
Whenever possible, EPA seeks to integrate reuse priorities into cleanup
plans
As of 2013, over 130 NPL and Superfund alternative sites have either
new uses in place or uses that have remained in place since before
cleanup. Many of these sites have been redeveloped for commercial,
industrial and community use purposes. Others remain in use as federal
facilities, recreational spaces, or ecological and agricultural areas. The
following sections take a closer look at some of the beneficial effects of
businesses located at current and former Superfund sites, as well as the
land values and property taxes associated with Superfund sites returned
to productive use following cleanup.
U.S. Titanium site (Virginia)
Allentown
Philadelphia
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D.cSs^
Dover
Annapolis
Delaware
West Virginia
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Virginia
Legend
0 Sites in Reuse
® Sites in Continued Use
0 Sites in Reuse and in
Continued Use
¦ State Capitals
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EPA Region 3
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Beneficial Effects of Superfund Site Reuse
Businesses and Jobs
EPA has collected economic data for over 400 commercial businesses,
manufacturers and civic organizations at over 130 sites in reuse and
continued use in Region 3. See the State Reuse Profiles (pp. 10-14) for
each Region 3 state's reuse details. Businesses and organizations located
on these sites fall within several different sectors, including wholesale and
retail trade, construction, manufacturing, transportation and warehousing,
professional, scientific and technical services, health care and social
services, and educational institutions.
Businesses, facilities and organizations at these sites include international
chemical company BASF Corporation, restaurants, national daig store and
pharmacy chain Walgreens, fire and police stations, the YMCA, the U.S.
Department of Geological Survey, and campus facilities for Pennsylvania
State University.
In total, businesses and organizations on these sites employ nearly 10,000
people, contributing an estimated $618 million in annual employment
income with about $1.4 billion in estimated annual sales. Employment
income earned helps inject money into local economies. It also helps
generate state revenue through personal state income taxes. In addition to
helping local communities by providing employment opportunities, these
businesses help local economies through direct purchases of local supplies
and services. On-site businesses that produce retail sales and services also
generate tax revenues through the collection of sales taxes, which support
state and local governments. In addition, most businesses operating on
sites in Region 3 generate tax revenues through payment of state corporate
income or related taxes. Table 1 provides more detailed information.
Table 1. Site and business information for Region 3 sites in reuse and continued use (2013)

Number of
Sites
Sites with
Identified On-Site
Businesses"
On-Site
Businesses
Identifiedb
Total Annual
Salesc,d
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
54
26
174
$396 million
3,286
$207 million
In Continued Use
54
29
200
$932 million
5,329
$324 million
In Continued
Use and In
Reuse
28
12
39
$57 million
1,132
$87 million
Total
136
67
413
$1.4 billion
9,747
$618 million
a Also includes other organizations such as government agencies, nonprofit organizations and civic institutions.
b Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
• For information on the collection of businesses, jobs and sales data, see the "Sources" section of this report.
d Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data available. As a result, in some
instances, total annual sales are lower than total annual employment income.
Dover Gas Light Co. site (Delaware)
Region 3 Sites in Reuse
and Continued Use:
Business and Job
Highlights
Businesses Identified
413
Estimated Annual Sales
$1.4 billion
Number of People Employed
9,747
Total Annual Employee Income
$618 million
5
EPA Region 3

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Definitions of Site Use Terms
In Reuse: There is a new land use or uses on all or part of a site; either the land use has changed (e.g.,
from industrial use to commercial use) or the site is now in use after being vacant.
In Continued Use: Historical uses at a site remain active; these uses were in place when the Superfund
process started at the site.
In Reuse and Continued Use: Part of a site is in continued use and part of the site is in reuse.
Region 3 Site Examples
In Reuse: Abex Corporation (Virginia) - a former metal foundry and naval shipyard, the area now
supports commercial and industrial businesses, a park and several public services facilities.
In Continued Use: Crossley Farm (Pennsylvania) - a farm, which remains in use today, has been located
on site since 1927.
In Reuse and Continued Use: Fort George G. Meade (Maryland) - an aviation facility remains in place;
following cleanup, a large part of the site is now a wildlife refuge.
Abex Corporation
Crossley Farm
Fort George G. Meade
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
Properties cleaned up under the Superfund program and returned to use may increase in value. Between 1997 and 2003,
redevelopment at the Publicker Industries, Inc. site in Pennsylvania resulted in a property value increase of almost $4 million
on site and a property value increase of $4.3 million within a quarter-mile of the site. This increased value can boost property
tax revenues, which help pay for local government operations, public schools, transit systems and other public services.
Identifying increases in property values and local property taxes following cleanup and reuse is challenging due to several
factors, including limited availability of historical property values, differences in timing of events at sites, and frequency and
timing of property value assessments by local agencies. Likewise, many factors affect property values, including external
economic and neighborhood factors not related to a site's contamination or Superfund site status. Though it is difficult to
isolate the different effects of Superfund cleanup and reuse on property values, the values do provide insight into current
market values of former and current Superfund properties.
EPA has collected property value tax data for 14 Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Region 3. These sites span 95
property parcels and 522 acres. Property values consist of land value, which is simply the value of a parcel of land excluding
EPA Region 3
6

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any infrastructure, and the improvement value, which includes any buildings and infrastructure 011 a property. When sites are
reused, some or all of these improvements may be new or already be in place. In some cases, the breakdown showing both
the land value and improvement value is not always available; instead, only the total property value may be available. Sites
in Region 3 have a total property value of about $23 million. These properties have a total land value of about $9 million
and a total improvement value of about $14 million. Property tax information is available for six of the 14 Superfund sites
with property value data. The properties generate a combined $96,000 in local annual property taxes.
Table 2. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in Region 3"
Total Land Value
(14 sites)1'
Total Improvement
Value (14 sites)
Total Property Value
(14 sites)
Total Annual Property
Taxes (6 sites)'
$9 million
$14 million
$23 million
$96,000
a Results are based on an EPA SRI effort in 2013 that calculated on-site property values and property taxes for a subset of Superfund
sites. The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property value year and tax data year available in county assessor data sets,
which varied from 2011 to 2013. For additional information, see the "Sources" section of this report.
b Detailed (land and improvement) property value data as well as tax data was not available for every site in Region 3.
5 Property tax data was not available for eight of the 14 Superfund sites that had property value data.
Recreational Amenities: Golf Courses and Soccer Fields on Superfund Sites
In addition to hosting commercial developments, retail centers and industrial facilities with businesses and jobs, many
Region 3 sites in reuse and continued use provide remarkable recreational amenities, including sports fields and golf courses.
These recreation areas support the productive reuse of remediated sites and help sustain healthy communities. The economic
benefits are significant as well. Homebuyers seeking long-term investments are drawn to areas with valued amenities and
services, including recreation areas, parks and athletic facilities. Increased property values lead to additional property taxes
that strengthen public services provided by local governments and state agencies. Many Mid-Atlantic communities are
redeveloping vacant Superfund sites into recreational assets.
Golf Courses
Ohio River Park (Neville Island, Pennsylvania): The site, once a dumping
ground for municipal and metal foundry waste materials, is now home to
the 32-acre Robert Morris University (RMU) Island Sports Center. The
facility employs about 14 people and generates over $500,000 in annual
business sales. The facility's features include the Golf Dome - an indoor
driving range - an 18-hole mini golf course, ice skating and ice hockey on
an indoor skating rink, a large outdoor running track, and sports fields for
football and soccer.
Soccer Fields
Whitmoyer Laboratories (Jackson Township, Pennsylvania): This former
pharmaceutical manufacturing facility is now a regional recreation
resource. EPA signed a prospective purchaser agreement (PPA) with
Jackson Township and the site's responsible party, addressing liability
concerns. The responsible party incorporated the community's recreational
reuse priorities into the site's cleanup plan. The U.S. Soccer Foundation was
consulted during the construction of the soccer fields. Jackson Recreation
Park opened in 2005. It offers baseball and soccer fields as well as tree-
lined walking trails. Used heavily by local schools and the community, the
site is located in a rapidly growing part of Lebanon County.
Miniature golf course at the
RMU Island Sports Center
Soccer game at
Jackson Recreation Park
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Reuse in Action
Valued Community Services in a Growing Urban Area
Located in Portsmouth, Virginia, the Abex Corporation Superfund site was
once a metals foundry. From 1928 to 1978, disposal of foundry waste sands
and emissions from the smelting furnaces contaminated on-site soil and
several nearby properties with lead, heavy metals and other contaminants.
EPA added the area to the NPL in 1990. Cleanup included the removal of
contaminated structures and soils.
With the surrounding area growing rapidly, reuse of the Superfund site was
a top priority for the City of Portsmouth. Today, the site is home to several
public service facilities, including a fire station, a community healdi center
and a police training academy. The fire station employs 20 firefighters and
paramedics, and contributes over $1.2 million in estimated annual employment
income. The Hampton Roads Community Health Center provides primary care, pharmaceutical, dental and family planning
health services to the local community. The center employs 50 people and generates an estimated $5.8 million in annual
revenues. Other reuses include a commercial distribution facility, industrial businesses and a park. The total value of the site
property in 2012 was $12.6 million. For more information, see EPA SRI s "Where You Live" page.
Recreational Facilities Benefit Community Health and the Economy
The 12-acre Plavertown PCP Superfund site is located in
Havertown Township, Pennsylvania. From 1947 to 1991, National
Wood Preservers operated a wood treatment facility on site. The
company disposed of liquid waste materials in an on-site well.
Overtime, these materials contaminated surrounding ground water.
Spills on the surface also created contaminated areas of soil and
surface water. EPA added the site to the NPL in 1983. To date, EPA
has removed contaminated materials and capped areas to protect
public health. Ground water treatment is ongoing.
Today, parts of the site remain in continued use Businesses on
site include automobile repair shops, a fast food restaurant and
a convenience grocery store. In total, the businesses employ 45
workers, generate over $2.6 million in estimated annual sales and
contribute over $1.3 million in estimated annual employment
income.
"Right now the property is
an eyesore, and the [YMCA]
redevelopment will completely
transform it. Haverford residents
are clamoring for this and all it will
bring to the community."
- Lori Hanlon-Widdop, Assistant
Haverford Township Manager,
from the Campaign for the
Haverford Township Area YMCA
EPA is also working with interested parties to support the
redevelopment of other parts of the site. For example, after
demolishing an old factory, the YMCA approached Havertown
about using the property for a new gymnasium. The YMCA worked
with EPA and the community to develop reuse plans that would be
compatible with ongoing ground water treatment. Crews began construction in May 2012; the 75,000-square-foot facility
opened in October 2013. The Haverford Area YMCA features three swimming pools, a wellness center, an indoor running
track, a workout gym and locker rooms. The Flaverford branch employs about 150 employees, serves 20,000 area residents
and has a $4 million estimated annual payroll. The site's reuse provides valued recreational amenities and wellness services
that benefit the entire community. For more information, see EPA SRI's "Where You Live" page.

EPA Region 3
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Large-Scale Manufacturing and Renewable Energy Development
The 22-acre E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co., Inc. (Newport
Pigment Plant Landfill) Superfund site is located in Newport,
Delaware. The site includes industrial landfills and a manufacturing
facility. Beginning in 1902, the facility made zinc and barium-
based pigments and dyes. After DuPont purchased the facility in
1929, the company continued to make pigments and other chemical
products. Operators disposed of industrial wastes in a landfill on
site. Over time, these wastes flowed into surrounding wetlands and
contaminated sediments, surface water and ground water with a
variety of contaminants, including heavy metals. EPA added the
site to the NPL in 1990. Cleanup included wetland restoration,
extension of public water supplies, landfill capping and ground
water treatment.
"Generating solar energy benefits
the residents of Newport, and
positively impacts our state -
increasing our competitiveness,
reducing air pollution, improving
public health and creating jobs."
Today, active manufacturing facilities remain on site. In 1984, Ciba-
Geigy (now BASF Corporation) purchased the pigment plant. The
company employs about 600 workers and contributes an estimated
$46 million in annual employment income to the local economy.
Though DuPont no longer operates the facility, the company seized
an opportunity to optimize renewable energy opportunities at the
site. Tangent Energy, Greenwood Energy and DuPont redeveloped
the former landfill on site into a solar farm. DuPont Apollo, a
subsidiary of DuPont, created solar modules for the project. A
ceremony in December 2013 celebrated the solar farm's completion. The 548-kilowatt facility generates about 729,000
kilowatt hours of energy each year, enough to power about 60 homes. The solar farm provides a consistent renewable energy
option for Newport and reduces the community's greenhouse gas emissions by 350 tons per year. For more information, see
EPA SRTs "Where You Live'' page.
- Jack Markell, Governor of
Delaware, speaking at the ribbon
cutting ceremony in December
2013.
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EPA Region 3

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State Reuse Profile: Delaware
EPA partners with the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control to oversee the investigation
and cleanup of Superfund sites in Delaware. As of 2013, Delaware had 14 Superfimd sites with either new uses in place
or uses remaining in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 24 businesses and organizations
operating on nine sites in reuse and continued use in Delaware. The businesses and organizations employ 930 people,
contribute an estimated $63.8 million in annual employment income and have about $7.1 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 3. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Delaware (2013)

Number of Sites"
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Salesb
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
8
8
$0.9 million
131
$7.4 million
In Continued Use
4
12
$5.7 million
190
$9.9 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
2
4
$0.5 million
609
$46.5 million
Total	14	24	$7.1 million	930	$63.8 million
a One site is a federal facility. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.
b Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data available. As a result, in some
instances, total annual sales are lower than total annual employment income.
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for two Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Delaware. These sites span 19
property parcels and 221 acres and have a total property value over $2.2 million. The total land value of the site properties
is over $ 1.4 million. Their total improvement value is over $804,000. The site properties generate nearly $39,500 in annual
local property taxes.
Table 4. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in Delaware
Total Land Value
(2 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(2 sites)
Total Property Value
(2 sites)
Total Annual Property
Taxes (2 sites)
$1,427,600
$804,200
$2,231,800
$39,445
Did You Know?
The City of New Castle now owns the New Castle
Spill site, a former plastics production facility in
New Castle, Delaware. The City renovated a historic
trolley barn into offices now occupied by the local
Public Works Department. The Department employs
about 20 workers and contributes an estimated $2
million in annual employment income.
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State Reuse Profile: Maryland
EPA partners with the Maryland Department of the Environment to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund sites
in Maryland. As of 2013, Maryland had 15 Superfimd sites with new uses in place or uses remaining in place since before
cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 14 businesses and organizations operating on four sites in reuse in Maryland.
The businesses and organizations employ 218 people, contribute an estimated $10.8 million in annual employment income
and have about $20.2 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 5. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Maryland (2013)

Number of Sites"
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Sales
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
7
14
$20.2 million
218
$10.8 million
In Continued Use
5
0
-
In Continued Use

0



and In Reuse
3



Total
15
14
$20.2 million
218
$10.8 million
a Eight sites are federal facilities. Federal facilities are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for two Superfimd sites in reuse in Maryland. These sites span five property parcels
and 26 acres and have a total property value over $2 million. The total land value of the site properties is over $1 million.
Their total improvement value is over $1 million. The site properties generate over $41,000 in annual local property taxes.
Table 6. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Maryland
Total Land Value
(2 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(2 sites)
Total Property Value
(2 sites)
Total Annual Property
Taxes (2 sites)
$1,006,300
$1,019,400
$2,025,700
$41,240
Did You Know?
The Kane & Lombard Street Drums site in Baltimore,
Maryland, was once an open landfill. It is now home to
a trailer repair facility, a fire protection service company
and the Bayview Golf Center.
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EPA Region 3

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State Reuse Profile: Pennsylvania
EPA partners with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in Pennsylvania. As of 2013, Pennsylvania had 76 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses
remaining in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 350 businesses and organizations operating
on 43 sites in reuse and continued use in Pennsylvania. The businesses and organizations employ 8,017 people, contribute
an estimated $513 million in annual employment income and have about $1.3 billion in estimated annual sales.
Table 7. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Pennsylvania (2013)

Number of Sites3
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Salesb
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
29
135
$0.35 billion
2,561
$171.4 million
In Continued Use	34	181	$0.93 billion	4,933	$301.7 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
13
34
$.056 billion
523
$40.1 million
Total	76	350	$1.3 billion	8,017	$513.2 million
8 Six sites are federal facilities. Federal facilities are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.
b Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data available. As a result, in some
instances, total annual sales are lower than total annual employment income.
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for seven Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Pennsylvania. These sites
span 26 property parcels and 200 acres and have a total property value of nearly $6 million. The total land value of the site
properties is about $3 million. Their total improvement value is about $3 million. EPA found tax information for two of the
site properties. These site properties generate nearly $15,000 in annual local property taxes.
Table 8. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse and continued use in Pennsylvania
Total Land Value
(7 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(6 sites)
Total Property Value
(7 sites)
Total Annual Property
Taxes (2 sites)
$2,825,970
$2,951,345
$5,777,615
$14,974
Did You Know?
The Enterprise Avenue site in Philadelphia
was once an unpermitted dumping ground.
Following cleanup, the Philadelphia Department
of Aviation completed a 5,000-foot-long
commuter runway, Runway 8-26, for the
Philadelphia International Airport. The runway
expansion on site reduces flight delays and
traffic congestion.
EPA Region 3
12

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State Reuse Profile: Virginia
EPA partners with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality to oversee the investigation and cleanup of Superfund
sites in Virginia. As of 2013, Virginia had 23 Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses remaining in place since
before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for 19 businesses and organizations operating on seven sites in reuse and
continued use in Virginia. The businesses and organizations employ 316 people, contribute an estimated $15.3 million in
annual employment income and have about $25 million in estimated annual sales.
Table 9. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in Virginia (2013)

Number of Sites8
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Salesb
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
9
16
$25.0 million
276
$13.2 million
In Continued Use
6
2
-
40
$2.1 million
In Continued Use
and In Reuse
8
1
-
-
-
Total	23	19	$25.0 million	316	$15.3 million
a Eleven sites are federal facilities. Federal facilities are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.
b Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data available. As a result, in some
instances, total annual sales are lower than total annual employment income.
Note: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for two Superfund sites in reuse in Virginia. These sites span 43 property parcels and
71 acres and have a total property value of nearly $ 13 million. The total land value of the site properties is over $3.5 million.
Their total improvement value is over $9 million. Property tax information was not available for these sites.
Table 10. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in Virginia
Total Land Value
(2 sites)
Total Improvement Value
(1 site)
Total Property Value
(2 sites)
Total Annual Property
Taxes (0 sites)
$3,582,400
$9,035,200
$12,617,600
-
Did You Know?
The Former Nansemond Ordnance Depot site in Suffolk,
Virginia, was a long-time supply forwarding annex for
the U.S. Navy. Part of the area was redeveloped into
Bridgeway Technology Center - an office, technology,
and research and development facility. The local
government plans to develop the Hampton Roads
Technology Park on another part of the site. Tidewater
Community College also has a local campus on site.
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EPA Region 3

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State Reuse Profile: West Virginia
EPA partners with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection to oversee the investigation and cleanup of
Superfund sites in West Virginia. As of 2013, West Virginia had seven Superfund sites with either new uses in place or uses
remaining in place since before cleanup. EPA has collected economic data for six businesses and organizations operating on
four sites in reuse and continued use in West Virginia. The businesses and organizations employ 266 people and contribute
an estimated $14 million in annual employment income.
Table 11. Detailed site and business information for Superfund sites in reuse and continued use in West Virginia
(2013)

Number of Sites"
On-Site
Businesses
Identified
Total Annual
Salesb
Total
Employees
Total Annual
Employee
Income
In Reuse
1
1
-
100
$3.8 million
In Continued Use	5	5	$160,000	166	$10.8 million
In Continued Use
1




and In Reuse




Total	7	6	$160,000	266	$14.6 million
aTwo sites are federal facilities. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual
sales.
b Annual sales figures are not available (or applicable) for every organization that makes jobs data available. As a result, in some
instances, total annual sales are lower than total annual employment income.
Mote: Business information is not available for all businesses on all Superfund sites in reuse or continued use.
Property Values and Property Tax Revenues
EPA has collected property value data for one Superfund site in reuse in West Virginia. This site spans two property parcels
and 4 acres. It has a total land value of $109,260, a total improvement value of $35,040, and a total property value of
$144,300. Property tax information was not available for this site.
Table 12. Property value and tax information for sites in reuse in West Virginia
Total Land Value
(1 site)
Total Improvement Value
(1 site)
Total Property Value
(1 site)
Total Annual Property
Taxes (0 sites)
$109,260
$35,040
$144,300
-
Did You Know?
A chemical processing facility was located at the Fike
Chemical, Inc. site in Mitro, West Virginia, until 1988. Today,
a company uses capped areas for employee and tanker
truck parking as well as truck washing and maintenance.
The business employs about 100 people, providing over
$3.8 million in estimated annual employment income to
the community.
Si
EPA Region 3
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Reuse on the Horizon
Economic Redevelopment and Ecological Enhancement in Virginia
Located in Front Royal, Virginia, the 440-acre Avtex Fibers, Inc. Superfund site was once the heart of local industry. At one
time, the Avtex Fibers plant was the world's largest producer of rayon - a key product for NASA's space shuttle program
as well as for parachutes and jump suits made by the Department of War during World War II. Facility operators disposed
of waste materials and byproducts from the manufacturing process in on-site impoundments. Over time, these materials
contaminated ground water, nearby residential wells and the South Fork of the Shenandoah River. EPA added the site to the
NPL in 1986. Cleanup activities, led by FMC Corporation under EPA oversight, included removal of contaminated soils,
wastes, deteriorated buildings and sewer lines. EPA then collected and treated contaminated stormwater. Ground water
treatment is ongoing, with affected residents connected to the public water supply. The site's remedy is compatible with
commercial and industrial reuse.
Early on, EPA, the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, FMC Corporation, local government and community
stakeholders recognized the area's importance. Led by the local Economic Development Authority (EDA), the community
developed plans for sports facilities, a 240-acre conservancy park and a 165-acre business development. In 2006, the Skyline
Soccerplex, a 30-acre recreation facility featuring four soccer fields and a skate park, opened on site, the result of hard work
by the community and partnerships with the U.S. Soccer Foundation and other stakeholders. Local youth soccer clubs
now use the Skyline Soccerplex for practices and tournaments. Other areas of the park include reconstructed wetlands and
restored habitats that attract a variety of native wildlife to the area.
Today, redevelopment efforts are ongoing. The local EDA is developing plans for the Royal Phoenix Business Park, which
will feature commercial and industrial businesses focused on technology and hospitality services. When it opens, the facility
will generate jobs and tax revenues for Front Royal and surrounding Warren County. The adjacent conservancy park will
provide recreation opportunities, including hiking and biking trails, for area residents and visitors. Early planning and
collaborative partnerships have made the site's reuse possible. In September 2014, EPA Region 3 awarded FMC Corporation,
Warren County and the Front Royal-Warren County Economic Development Authority with an "Excellence in Site Reuse"
award for facilitating safe and productive reuse of the site for recreational, ecological and economically beneficial uses.
In 2014, EPA Region 3 awarded Warren County, FMC Corporation and the Front Royal-
Warren County Economic Development Authority, with an "Excellence in Site Reuse" award.
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Conclusion
EPA works closely with its partners at Superfund
sites across Region 3 to make sure that sites can
be reused or remain in continued use safely and
protectively during and following cleanup. The
businesses and organizations operating 011 these
sites provide jobs and income for communities.
They help generate local and state taxes. Cleanup
and redevelopment also helps stabilize and boost
property values. As of 2013, Region 3 has over
130 NPL and Superfund alternative sites where
new uses are in place or continued uses are
ongoing. Future uses are planned for many more
Superfund sites in Region 3, including renewable
energy projects, transportation infrastructure,
business parks, recreation areas and public
facilities. EPA remains committed to working
with all stakeholders to support Superfund
redevelopment opportunities in the Mid-Atlantic
The reuse of Superfund sites takes time and is often a learning process for project partners. Ongoing coordination among
EPA, state agencies, local governments, potentially responsible parties, site owners, developers, and nearby residents and
business owners is essential. EPA tools, including reuse assessments or plans, Ready for Reuse Determinations, comfort
letters or partial deletions of sites from the NPL, often serve as the foundation for moving forward. At some sites, parties
may need to take additional actions to ensure reuses are compatible with site remedies.
Results from across Region 3 indicate that these efforts are well worth it. Superfund sites are now home to large commercial
and industrial business campuses, retail stores and restaurants, recreational and ecological lands, public service offices, and
diverse small businesses. EPA is committed to working with all stakeholders, using both ""tried-and-tested" tools as well as
new and innovative approaches, to support the restoration and renewal of these sites as long-term assets for communities
in Region 3.
Palmerton Zinc Pile site (Pennsylvania)
region.
EPA Resources for Superfund Site Reuse
EPA Region 3 Superfund Redevelopment Initiative Coordinator
Christopher Thomas | 215-814-5555 | thomas.christopher@epa.aov
EPA Region 3 Superfund Sites in Reuse Website: list of Superfund sites in reuse for each state
in Region 3.
http://www.epa.aov/superfund/proarams/recycle/live/reaion3.html
SRI Website: tools, resources and more information about Superfund site reuse.
http://www.eDa.aov/superfund/proarams/recvcle/index.html
EPA Region 3
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Sources
Business, Job and Sales Information
The Hoovers/Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) database provided information on the number of employees and sales volume for on-site
businesses. Hoovers/D&B provides information on businesses and corporations. It maintains a database of over 179 million companies
using a variety of sources, including public records, trade references, telecommunication providers, newspapers and publications, and
telephone interviews. In instances where employment and sales volume for on-site businesses could not be identified, information was
sought from the Manta database.
The BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages database provided average weekly wage data for each of the businesses. Average
weekly wage data were identified by matching the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes corresponding with
each type of business with weekly wage data for corresponding businesses. If not available at the county level, wage data were sought by
state or national level, respectively. In cases where wage data were not available for the six-digit NAICS code, higher level (less detailed)
NAICS codes were used to obtain the wage data. To determine the annual wages (mean annual) earned from jobs generated by each of
the businesses identified, the average weekly wage figure was multiplied by the number of weeks in a year (52) and by the number of
jobs (employees) for each of the businesses.
Business and employment data were collected in 2013. Annual employment income is based on job data estimated in 2013 using
BLS average weekly wage data for those jobs from 2012 (the latest available data). All figures presented have been rounded for the
convenience of the reader. Federal facility sites are not included in calculations of total businesses, jobs, income or annual sales.
Property Value and Tax Information
Property value and property tax results are based on an EPA SRI effort in 2013 that calculated on-site property values and property
taxes for a subset of Superfund sites by comparing available site boundary information with available parcel boundary information and
gathering information for selected parcels from county assessor data sets. The property value and tax amounts reflect the latest property
value year and tax data year available in county assessor data sets, which varied from 2011 to 2013. All figures presented have been
rounded for the convenience of the reader.
Reuse in Action
Write-ups of sites in reuse or continued use included in this study are based on available EPA resources, including SRI reuse snapshots,
SRI Return to Use Demonstration Project fact sheets and SRI case studies. Business and property value data included in these write-ups
reflect the latest data available. Links to EPA's SRI reuse snapshots as well as the case studies are included below.
SRI Reuse Snapshots
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recvcle/live/region3.html
SRI Return to Use Demonstration Project Fact Sheets
2004. Southern Maryland Wood Treating site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recvcle/pdf/southernmd.pdf
2009. Crater Resources site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recvcle/pdf/rtu09 crater.pdf
2009. Whitmoyer Laboratories site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recvcle/pdf/rtu09 whitmover.pdf
2011. Abex Corporation site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recvcle/pdf/rtull-abex.pdf
2011.	Palmerton Zinc Pile site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recvcle/pdf/rtull-palmertonzinc.pdf
2012.	Mill Creek Dump site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recvcle/pdf/rtul2-millcreek.pdf
2013. U.S. Titanium site.
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http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/rtul3-ustitanium.pdf
Economic Redevelopment Case Studies
2003. Chisman Creek site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/chisman.pdf
2003. Kane & Lombard Street Drums site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/kane.pdf
2003. Publicker Industries site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/publicker.pdf
2011. Abex Corporation site.
http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/recycle/pdf/abex-success.pdf
Other Resources
Aaron Nathans. "DuPont's new solar array presented unique challenges/' The News Journal. December 8, 2013.
http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20131209/BUSINESS08/31209002Q/DuPont-s-new-solar-array-presented-unique-
challenges?nclick_check=l
Avtex Fibers Superfund Site Community Web page
http: //www. AvtexFibers. com
Bridgeway Technology Center Web page
http: //www.cpcrealtv. com/bridgewav/btc .html
City of New Castle Public Works Department
http://newcastlecity.delaware.gov/departments/public-services/public-works
"DuPont Celebrates Solar Power Project in Newport.'' Digital Journal. December 6, 2013.
http: //www, di gitalj ournal.com/pr/1627819
Joe Zlomek. "Lower Pottsgrove Commerce Park Grows With New Tenants." The Main Street Post. August 2, 2010.
http://mainstreetpa.wordpress.eom/2010/08/02/lower-pottsgrove-commerce-park-grows-with-new-tenants
Katie Demeria. "Avtex Superfund Site Ready for Redevelopment." Northern Virginia Daily. July 2, 2014.
http://www.nvdaily.com/news/2014/07/avtex-superfund-site-ready-for-redevelopment/
Lois Puglionesi. "Havertown YMCA Breaks Ground." Main Line Times. May 10, 2012.
http://mainlinemedianews.com/articles/2012/Q5/10/main_line_times/life/doc4fa9bbel61e53785414163.txt
"The Campaign for the Haverford Township Area YMCA Case Statement."
https://philaymca.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/haverford-case-statement.original.pdf

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Region 3
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