DECEMBER 1998
^ FERNANDINA
&EPA OCEAN DREDGED MATERIAL DISPOSAL SITE
SITE MANAGEMENT
of Engineers
AND MONITORING PLAN
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The following Site Management and Monitoring Plan for the Femandina ODMDS
has been developed and agreed to pursuant to the Water Resources Development Act
Amendments of 1992 (WRDA 92) to the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries
Act of 1972 for the management and monitoring of ocean disposal activities, as resources
allow, by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Arrrjy Corps of
Jacksonville, Florida
This plan is effective from the date of signature for a period notjto exceed 10 years.
The plan shall be reviewed and revised more frequently if site use and conditions at site
indicate a need for revision.
Engineers.
joe RJMiller
Colonel, U.S. Army
D|mict Engineer
•Jacksonville District
Colonel, U.S. Army
D|mict Engineer
-Jacksonville District
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Sox 4970
Robert F. McGhee
Director
Water Management division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
Atlanta, Georgia
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FERNANDINA ODMDS
SITE MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
DECEMBER, 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
INTRODUCTION 1
Site Management and Monitoring Plan Team 1
SITE MANAGEMENT 1
Disposal Site Characteristics 2
Management Objectives 2
Material Volumes 2
Material Suitability 3
Time of disposal 4
Disposal Technique 4
Disposal Location 5
Permit and Contract Conditions 5
SITE MONITORING 5
Baseline Monitoring 6
Disposal Monitoring 8
Post Discharge Monitoring 8
Material Tracking and Disposal Effects Monitoring 9
Summary of Results of Past Monitoring Surveys 9
Future Monitoring Surveys 9
Reporting and Data Formatting 12
MODIFICATION OF THE FERNANDINA ODMDS SMMP 12
REFERENCES 12
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
Table 1. Volume of Dredged Material Placed in the Fernandina ODMDS 3
Table 2. Summary of Permit and Contract Conditions 5
Table 3. Surveys Conducted at the Fernandina ODMDS 7
Table 4. Fernandina ODMDS Monitoring Strategies and Thresholds for Action 10
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Fernandina ODMDS
Site Management and Monitoring Plan
December, 1998
INTRODUCTION
It is the responsibility of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (COE) under the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
(MPRSA) of 1972 to manage and monitor each of the Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Sites
(ODMDSs) designated by the EPA pursuant to Section 102 of MPRSA. MPRSA, the Water
Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 1992, and a Memorandum of Agreement between EPA
and COE require the development of a site management and monitoring plan (SMMP) to
specifically address the disposal of dredged material at the Fernandina ODMDS. Upon
finalization of the SMMP, SMMP provisions shall be requirements for all dredged material
disposal activities at the site. All Section 103 (MPRSA) ocean disposal permits or evaluations
shall be conditioned as necessary to assure consistency with the SMMP.
Site Management and Monitoring Plan Team. An interagency SMMP team has been established
to assist EPA and COE in finalizing this SMMP. The team consists of the following agencies
and their respective representatives:
Jacksonville District Corps of Engineers State of Florida
EPA Region IV State of Georgia
Fernandina Ocean Highway and Port Authority U.S. Navy
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
Other agencies such as the U.S. Coast Guard and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) may be
asked to participate where appropriate. The SMMP team will assist EPA in evaluating existing
monitoring data, the type of disposal (i.e., O&M vs. construction), the type of material (i.e., sand
vs. mud), location of placement within the ODMDS and quantity of material. The team will
assist EPA and COE on deciding on appropriate monitoring techniques, the level of monitoring,
and the significance of results and potential management options.
SITE MANAGEMENT
Section 228.3 of the Ocean Dumping Regulations (40 CFR 220-229) states: "Management of
a site consists of regulating times, rates, and methods of disposal and quantities and types of
materials disposed of; developing and maintaining effective ambient monitoring programs for
the site; conducting disposal site evaluation studies; and recommending modifications in site
use and/or designation." This plan may be modified if it is determined that such changes are
warranted as a result of information obtained during the monitoring process.
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Fernandina ODMDS SMMP
Disposal Site Characteristics. The Fernandina ODMDS was designated by EPA pursuant to
Section 102(c) of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, as amended, as
suitable for the ocean disposal of dredged material. EPA promulgated the final rule on February
23, 1987, effective March 25, 1987. The Fernandina ODMDS is located at the following
coordinates:
(NAD 27 Geographic) (NAD 83 Florida East (0901) State Plane - Feet)
30° 33'00" N 81° 16'52" W N 567740 E 2260152
30° 3 l'OO" N 81° 16'52" W N 567710 E 2248028
30° 3 l'OO" N 81° 19'08" W N 555814 E 2248060
30° 33'00" N 81° 19'08" W N 555848 E2260183
The Fernandina ODMDS has an area of about four-square nautical miles. Depths within the
ODMDS range from 40.5 to 67.7 feet below m.l.l.w. (based on an March 1998 bathymetric
survey). The bathymetry is gently sloping approximately one-half mile from each side of the
east and west borders of the ODMDS; these slopes create a slight depression approximately 1
mile wide running North-to-South for the full two-mile length of the ODMDS.
Management Objectives. There are three primary objectives in the management of each
ODMDS. These are:
o Protection of the marine environment;
o Beneficial use of dredged material whenever practical; and
o Documentation of disposal activities at the ODMDS.
The following sections provide the framework for meeting these objectives to the extent
possible.
Material Volumes. The Fernandina ODMDS has been used for the ocean disposal of dredged
material since 1987. Material disposed prior to 1987 was disposed at an interim site located
north of the Fernandina ODMDS, near the St. Mary's Entrance Channel. The interim site
designation was canceled by the designation of the current ODMDS on March 25, 1987.
Table 1 outlines the history of disposal of material from Fernandina Harbor and Kings Bay
Entrance Channel at the Fernandina ODMDS.
At Fernandina Harbor, the Jacksonville District Corps of Engineers has projected disposal on
the average of 600,000 cubic yards of dredged material every year from maintenance of the
Kings Bay Entrance Channel, and an average of 350,000 cubic yards every three years from
maintenance of the Inner Channel and Turning Basin. Additional potential projects that could
utilize the ODMDS as a disposal site could include berthing areas adjacent to the federal
project by the Fernandina Ocean & Highway Port Authority, the Fernandina Beach City
Marina, or private dredging projects that secure appropriate State and Federal approvals.
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Table 1. Volume of Dredged Material Placed in the Fernandina ODMDS
i)Ri:i)(ii:i) \iatlriai. ni \\ 11 n - ci me yards
ylar
i lrywdina
11 ARIiOR
Inner Channel & Turning
Basin
KINGS
BAY
1 jil ran cc
Channel
ylar
TOTAL
1987
0
0
0
1988
0
6,320,029
6,320,029
1989
0
156,425
156,425
1990
0
886,786
886,786
1991
0
297,497
297,497
1992
0
33,037
33,037
1993
0
495,875
495,875
1994
943,183
222,538
1,165,721
1995
0
215,349
215,349
1996
0
606,097
606,097
1997
0
162,667
162,667
1998
225,853
225,853
Total
943,183
9,622,153 | 10,565,336
Material Suitability. Bottom sediments differ little through the length of this project. Material
from the project areas are described as follows: 1) Fernandina Harbor Inner Channel &
Turning Basin—predominantly gray slightly silty fine sand and gray silty fine sand; 2) Kings
Bay Entrance Channel—predominantly dark brown and brown/gray slightly silty fine brown
sand with some shells.
The disposition of any significant quantities of beach compatible sand from future projects
will be determined during permitting activities for any such projects. It is expected that the
State of Florida will exercise its authority and responsibility, regarding beach nourishment, to
the full extent during any future permitting activities. Utilization of any significant quantities
of beach compatible dredged material for beach nourishment is strongly encouraged and
supported by EPA. Disposal of non-beach quality sand should be planned to allow the
material to be placed so that it will be within or accessible to the sand-sharing system, to the
maximum extent practical, and following the provisions of the Clean Water Act. Disposal of
coarser material, such as rubble, should be coordinated with the State of Florida and EPA to
avoid unintended impacts in the ODMDS and to promote possible beneficial uses of the
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material.
In addition, the suitability of dredged material for ocean disposal must be verified by the COE
and agreed to by EPA prior to disposal. Verification will be valid for three years from the time
last verified. Verification will involve: 1) a case-specific evaluation against the exclusion
criteria (40 CFR 227.13(b)), 2) a determination of the necessity for bioassay (toxicity and
bioaccumulation) testing for non-excluded material based on the potential for contamination
of the sediment since last tested, and 3) carrying out the testing (where needed) and
determining that the non-excluded, tested material is suitable for ocean disposal.
Documentation of verification will be completed prior to use of the site. Documentation for
material suitability for dredging events proposed for ocean disposal more than 5 years since
last verified will be a new 103 evaluation and public notice. Documentation for material
suitability for dredging events proposed for ocean disposal less than 5 years but more than 3
years since last verified will be an exchange of letters between the COE and EPA.
Should EPA conclude that reasonable potential exists for contamination to have occurred,
acceptable testing will be completed prior to use of the site. Testing procedures to be used
will be those delineated in the 1991 EPA/COE Dredged Material Testing Manual and 1993
Regional Implementation Manual. This includes how dredging operations will be subdivided
into project segments for sampling and analysis. Only material determined to be suitable
through the verification process by the COE and EPA will be placed at the Fernandina
ODMDS.
Time of disposal. At present no restrictions have been determined to be necessary for disposal
related to seasonal variations in ocean current or biotic activity. As monitoring results are
compiled, should any such restrictions appear necessary, disposal activities will be scheduled
so as to avoid adverse impacts. Between December 1 and March 31 monitoring and
precautions necessary to protect whales, as described in the next paragraph, are required.
Additionally, if new information indicates that endangered or threatened species are being
adversely impacted, restrictions may be incurred.
Disposal Technique. No specific disposal technique is required for this site. However, in
order to protect whales, NMFS requires monitoring by endangered species observers with at-
sea large whale identification experience to conduct daytime observations for whales between
December 1 and March 31. During daylight hours, the dredge operator must take necessary
precautions to avoid whales. During evening hours or when there is limited visibility due to
fog or sea states of greater than Beaufort 3, the vessel must slow down to 5 knots or less when
traversing between areas if whales have been spotted within 15nm of the vessel's path within
the previous 24 hours. In addition, the dredge operator will maintain a 500 yard buffer zone
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between the vessel and any whale.
Additionally, standard surveillance and evasive measures to protect sea turtles and marine
mammals shall be employed during all disposal operations at the ODMDS.
Disposal Location. Disposal should occur within 3,000 feet of the center of the Fernandina
ODMDS. This release zone may be modified based on results from post-disposal bathymetric
surveys. Project specific disposal zones may be required where Water Quality Criteria
Limiting Permissible Concentrations are of concern.
Permit and Contract Conditions. The disposal monitoring and post-disposal monitoring
requirements described under Site Monitoring will be included with the management
requirements described in this section as permit conditions on all MPRSA Section 103 permits
and will be incorporated in the contract language for all federal projects. A summary of the
management and monitoring requirements to be included are listed in Table 2.
Table 2. Summary of Permit and Contract Conditions
Condition
Reference
Dredged Material Suitability and Term of Verification
Fernandina ODMDS SMMP page 3 and 4
Regional Implementation Manual
Disposal Zone
Fernandina ODMDS SMMP page 5
Right Whale Avoidance
Fernandina ODMDS SMMP page 4 and 5
Pre and Post Bathymetric Surveys
Fernandina ODMDS SMMP page 6 and 8
Disposal Monitoring
Fernandina ODMDS SMMP page 8
Reporting Requirements
Fernandina ODMDS SMMP page 12
SITE MONITORING
The MPRSA establishes the need for including a monitoring program as part of the Site
Management Plan. Site monitoring is conducted to ensure the environmental integrity of a
disposal site and the areas surrounding the site and to verify compliance with the site
designation criteria, any special management conditions, and with permit requirements.
Monitoring programs should be flexible, cost effective, and based on scientifically sound
procedures and methods to meet site-specific monitoring needs. The intent of the program is
to provide the following:
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(1) Information indicating whether the disposal activities are occurring in compliance
with the permit and site restrictions; and/or
(2) Information concerning the short-term and long-term environmental impacts of the
disposal; and/or
(3) Information indicating the short-term and long-term fate of materials disposed of in
the marine environment.
The main purpose of a disposal site monitoring program is to determine whether dredged
material site management practices, including disposal operations, at the site need to be
changed to avoid significant adverse impacts.
Baseline Monitoring. Disposal has occurred at the present site since 1987. The results of
investigations presented in the designation EIS and subsequent surveys listed in Table 3 will
serve as the main body of data for the monitoring of the impacts associated with the use of the
Fernandina ODMDS.
A bathymetric survey will be conducted by the COE or site user within one year prior to
dredging cycle or project disposal. Bathymetric surveys will be used to monitor the disposal
mound to insure a navigation hazard is not produced, to assist in verification of material
placement, to monitor bathymetry changes and trends and to insure that the site capacity is
not exceeded, ie., the mound does not exceed the site boundaries. The number and length of
transects required will be sufficient to encompass the ODMDS and a 0.25 nautical mile wide
area around the site. The surveys will be taken along lines spaced at 500-foot intervals or less.
Accuracy of the surveys will be +/- 0.5 feet. Horizontal location of the survey lines and depth
sounding points will be determined by an automated positioning system utilizing either a
microwave line of site system or differential global positioning system. The vertical datum
shall be mean lower low water (m.l.l.w.) and the horizontal datum Florida State Plane or
Geographic (NAD 1983 or NAD 1927). No additional pre-disposal monitoring at this site is
required.
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Table 3. Surveys Conducted at the Fernandina ODMDS
Survey Title
Conducted bv
Dale
Purpose
Conclusion
Field Survey of the
Fernandina Harbor
Candidate ODMDS
Jacksonville
District COE,
et al
1985
Site Characterization and baseline
for site designation and future
surveys.
Site designated
Final Gamma Radiation
Surveillance of Dredged Spoil
Site Sediments at Fernandina
Beach
U.S. EPA
Region 4 and
Center for
Applied Isotope
Studies
1987
Baseline for fiiture surveys.
No significant difference between stations inside site
boundaries and stations outside site boundaries.
Fernandina Harbor, Florida,
ODMDS, Benthic
Communities
U.S. EPA
Region 4 and
Vittor &
Associates
1989
Benthic infaunal survey.
Infaunal communities were generally similar in 1985
and 1989, although species abundance was generally
higher. Some changes occurred in the relative
abundance of dominant taxa, but most taxa that were
dominant in 1985 were also dominant in 1989.
Post disposal Areal Mapping
of Sediment Chemistry at the
Fernandina ODMDS
U.S. EPA
Region 4 and
Center for
Applied Isotope
Studies
1989
Conduct sediment mapping of site
to determine location of dredged
material.
Identified two mounds in eastern half of ODMDS as
dredged material.
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Disposal Monitoring. For all disposal activities, the dredging contractor will be required to
prepare and operate under an approved electronic verification plan for all disposal operations.
As part of this plan, the contractor will provide an automated system that will continuously
track (1 to 5 minute intervals) the horizontal location and draft condition (vertical) of the
disposal vessel from the point of dredging to the disposal area, and return to the point of
dredging. Required digital data are as follows:
(a) Date;
(b) Time;
(c) Vessel Name;
(d) Dump Number;
(e) Map Number on which dump is plotted (if appropriate);
(f) Beginning and ending coordinates of the dredging area for each
load (source of dredged material);
(g) Actual location (in degrees and minutes of longitude and latitude)
at points of initiation and completion of disposal event;
(h) Brief description of material disposed;
(I) Volume of material disposed; and
(j) Disposal technique used.
This information shall be available to the COE on a daily basis.
Post Discharge Monitoring. As a follow-up to the pre-disposal bathymetric survey, the COE
or other site user will conduct a bathymetric survey within 60 days after disposal project
completion. The number of transects required will be the same as in the pre-disposal survey.
Bathymetric survey results will be used to insure that unacceptable mounding is not occurring
and to aid in environmental effects monitoring.
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Material Tracking and Disposal Effects Monitoring. Surveys can be used to address possible
changes in bathymetric, sedimentological, chemical, and biological aspects of the ODMDS
and surrounding area as a result of the disposal of dredged material at the site.
Summary of Results of Past Monitoring Surveys
Surveys conducted at the Fernandina ODMDS are listed in Table 3. The sediment mapping
survey conducted in the spring of 1989 identified two mounds in the eastern half of the
ODMDS as dredged material. The benthic surveys conducted in 1985 and 1989 were
compared. Infaunal communities were generally similar in 1985 and 1989, although species
abundance was generally higher. Some changes occurred in the relative abundance of
dominant taxa, but most taxa that were dominant in 1985 were also dominant in 1989.
Future Monitoring Surveys
Based on the type and volume of material disposed and impacts of concern, various
monitoring surveys can be used to determine if and where the disposed material is moving,
and what environmental effect the material is having on the site and adjacent areas.
A summary of the monitoring strategies for the Fernandina ODMDS and thresholds for
management actions are presented in Table 4. Should future disposal at the Fernandina
ODMDS result in unacceptable adverse impacts, further studies may be required to determine
the persistence of these impacts, the extent of the impacts within the marine system, and/or
possible means of mitigation. In addition, the management plan presented may require
revision based on the outcome of any monitoring program.
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Table 4. Fernandina ODMDS Monitoring Strategies and Thresholds for Action
Goal
Technique
Sponsor
Rationale
Frequency
Threshold for Action
Management Options
Threshold Not Exceeded
Threshold Exceeded
Site Capacity
Modeling with
field
verification/
calibration
COE/
Site
Users
Determine
dispersiveness of
the site
As
determined
by SMMP
Team
Maintenance Volumes
exceed estimated
capacity
Continue to use site
without restrictions
-Restrict disposal volumes
-Enlarge site or designate
additional site
New Work Volumes
exceed estimated
capacity
Continue to use site
without restrictions
-Enlarge site or designate
additional site for new work
Monitor
Bathymetric
Trends & Short
Term Fate
Bathymetry
Site
User
Determine the
extent of the
disposal mound and
major bathymetric
changes
Pre and post
disposal
Disposal mound occurs
outside ODMDS
boundaries
Continue Monitoring
-Modify disposal
method/placement
-Restrict Disposal Volumes
Long Term
Fate and
Environmental
Effects
Monitoring
Sediment
Mapping
(Gamma/CS3)
EPA/
COE/
Site
User
Determine areal
influence of
dredged material
As
determined
by SMMP
Team
Communities under the
influence of dredged
material outside the site
have significant
differences in diversity/
richness/biomass from
those not under dredged
material influence after
one year recovery
period.
Discontinue monitoring
unless disposal
quantities, type of
material or frequency of
use significantly
changes
-Limit quantity of dredged
material to prevent impacts
outside boundaries
-Create berms to restrict
dredged material movement
-Cease site use
Benthic
Survey
EPA/
COE/
Site
User
Determine impact
of dredged material
on benthic
community
As
determined
by SMMP
Team
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Table 4 (Continued). Fernandina ODMDS Monitoring Strategies and Thresholds for Action
Ma nagcmcnl Options
Goal
Technique
Sponsor
Rationale
Frequency
Threshold for Action
Threshold Not Exceeded
Threshold Exceeded
Insure Safe
Navigation
Depth
Bathymetry
Site
User
Determine height of
mound and any
excessive mounding
Pre and Post
disposal
Mound height > -25 feet
m.l.l.w.
Continue Monitoring
-Modify disposal
method/placement
-Restrict disposal volumes
Compliance
Disposal Site
Use Records
COE/
Site
User
-Insure
management
requirements are
being met
Daily during
the project
Disposal records
required by SMMP are
not submitted or are
incomplete
Continue Monitoring
-Restrict site use until
requirements are met
-To assist in site
monitoring
Review of records
indicates a dump
occurred outside
ODMDS boundary
Continue Monitoring
-Notify EPA Region 4/COE,
and investigate why egregious
dump(s) occurred. Take
appropriate enforcement
action.
Review of records
indicates a dump
occurred in the ODMDS
but not in target area
Continue Monitoring
-Direct placement to occur as
specified.
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Fernandina ODMDS SMMP
Reporting and Data Formatting. The user will be required to prepare daily reports of
operations and submit to the COE a monthly report of operations for each month or partial
month's work. Disposal monitoring data shall be delivered to the COE on a weekly basis.
The user is also required to notify the COE and the EPA within 24 hours if a violation of the
permit and/or contract conditions related to MPRSA Section 103 or SMMP requirements
occur during disposal operations.
Disposal summary reports shall be provided by the COE to EPA within 90 days after project
completion. These should consist of dates of disposal, volume of disposal, approximate
location of disposal and pre- and post-disposal bathymetric survey results in both hard and
electronic formats. Other disposal monitoring data shall be made available upon request. In
addition, EPA (Ocean Dumping Coordinator) should be notified by the Corps of Engineers 15
days prior to the beginning of a dredging cycle or project disposal.
Material tracking, disposal effects monitoring and any other data collected shall be
coordinated with and be provided to SMMP team members and federal and state agencies as
appropriate. Data will be provided to other interested parties requesting such data to the
extent possible. Data will be provided for all surveys in a report generated by the action
agency. The report should indicate how the survey relates to the SMMP and previous surveys
at the Fernandina ODMDS and should provide data interpretations, conclusions, and
recommendations, and should project the next phase of the SMMP.
MODIFICATION OF THE FERNANDINA ODMDS SMMP
Should the results of the monitoring surveys or valid reports from other sources indicate that
continued use of the ODMDS would lead to unacceptable effects, then the ODMDS SMMP
will be modified to mitigate the adverse impacts. The SMMP will be reviewed and revised if
appropriate at a minimum of every ten years. The SMMP will be reviewed and updated as
necessary if site use changes significantly. For example, the SMMP will be reviewed if the
quantity or type of dredged material placed at the site changes significantly or if conditions at
the site indicate a need for revision.
REFERENCES
Fredette, Thomas J., Nelson, David A., Clausner, James E., and Anders, Fred J. 1990.
Guidelines for Physical and Biological Monitoring of Aquatic Dredged Material Disposal Sites,
Technical Report D-90-12, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS.
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Fernandina ODMDS SMMP
Pequegnat, Willis E., Gallaway, Benny J., and Wright, Thomas D., 1990. Revised Procedural
Guide for Designation Surveys of Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Sites, Technical Report D-
90-8, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1986. Final Supplement to the Jacksonville
Harbor Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site Final Environmental Impact Statement for the
Designation of a New Fernandina Harbor, Florida, Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site,
November 1986.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1988. Final Gamma Radiation Surveillance of
Dredged Spoil Site Sediments at Fernandina Beach and Tampa Bay, Florida, November 1988.
Prepared by Center for Applied Isotope Studies under contract to Battelle Ocean Sciences for
U.S. EPA, Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1989. Final Sediment Mapping at Fernandina
Beach II and Canaveral II, Florida Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site, June 1989.
Prepared by Center for Applied Isotope Studies under contract to Battelle Ocean Sciences for
U.S. EPA, Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1990. Fernandina Harbor, Florida, ODMDS,
Benthic Communities, August 1990. Prepared by Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. under
contract to Battelle Ocean Sciences for U.S. EPA, Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1991. Evaluation
of Dredged Material Proposedfor Ocean Disposal (Te sting Manual), February 1991. Prepared
by Environmental Protection Agency Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection and
Department of Army United States Army Corps of Engineers under EPA Contract No. 68-C8-
0105.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1996. Guidance
Document for Development of Site Management Plans for Ocean Dredged Material Disposal
Sites, February 1996. Prepared by Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water and
Department of Army United States Army Corps of Engineers.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 4 and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers South
Atlantic Division, 1993. Regional Implementation Manual Requirements and Procedures for
Evaluation of the Ocean Disposal of Dredged Material in Southeastern Atlantic and Gulf
Coastal Waters, May 1993.
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