User's Guide for Estimating
Direct Carbon Dioxide
Emissions from Fossil Fuel
Combustion Using the State
Inventory Tool
January 2017
IT
Prepared by:
ICF
Prepared for:
State Climate and Energy Program,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
This section of the User's Guide provides instruction on using the CO2 from Fossil Fuel
Combustion (CO2FFC) module of the State Inventory Tool (SIT), and describes the
methodology used for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion at
the state level.

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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Table of Contents
1.1	Getting Started	2
1.2	Module Overview	3
1.2.1	Data Requirements	4
1.2.2	Tool Layout	6
1.3	Methodology	7
1.4	Uncertainty	 16
1.5	References	 16
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
1.1

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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
1.1 Getting Started
The Carbon Dioxide from Fossil Fuel Combustion (CO2FFC) module was developed using
Microsoft® Excel 2000. While the module will operate with older versions of Excel, it
functions best with Excel 2000 or later. If you are using Excel 2007, instructions for
opening the module will vary as outlined in the Excel basics below. Before you use the
CO2FFC module, make sure your computer meets the system requirements. In order to
install and run the CO2FFC module, you must have:
•	IBM-PC compatible computer with the Windows 95 operating system or later;
•	Microsoft® Excel 1997 or later, with calculation set to automatic and macros
enabled;
•	Hard drive with at least 20MB free; and
•	Monitor display setting of 800 x 600 or greater.
Microsoft Excel Settings
Excel 2003 and Earlier: For the SIT modules to function properly, Excel must be set to
automatic calculation. To check this setting, launch Microsoft Excel before opening the
CO2FFC module. Go to the Tools menu and select "Options..." Click on the "Calculations"
tab and make sure that the radio button next to "Automatic" is selected, and then click on
"OK" to close the window. The security settings (discussed next) can also be adjusted at
this time.
Excel 2007: For the SIT modules to function properly, Excel must be set to automatic
calculation. Go to the Formulas ribbon and select "Calculation Options." Make sure that the
box next to the "Automatic" option is checked from the pop-up menu.
Microsoft Excel Security
Excel 2003 and Earlier: Since the SIT employs macros, you must have Excel security set
to medium (recommended) or low (not recommended). To change this setting, launch
Microsoft Excel before opening the CO2FFC module. Once in Excel, go to the Tools menu,
click on the Macro sub-menu, and then select "Security" (see Figure 1). The Security pop-
up box will appear. Click on the "Security Level" tab and select medium. When set to high,
macros are automatically disabled; when set to medium, Excel will give you the choice to
enable macros; when set to low, macros are always enabled.
When Excel security is set to medium, users are asked upon opening the module whether to
enable macros. Macros must be enabled in order for the CO2FFC module to work. Once
they are enabled, the module will open to the control worksheet. A message box will
appear welcoming the user to the module. Clicking on the "x" in the upper-right-hand
corner of the message box will close it.
Excel 2007: If Excel's security settings are set at the default level a Security Warning
appears above the formula box in Excel when the CO2FFC module is initially opened. The
Security Warning lets the user know that some active content from the spreadsheet has
been disabled, meaning that Excel has prevented the macros in the spreadsheet from
functioning. Since SIT needs macros in order to function properly, the user must click the
"Options" button in the security message and then select, "Enable this content" in the pop-
up box. Enabling the macro content for the SIT in this way only enables macros temporarily
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
in Excel but does not change the macro security settings. Once macros are enabled, a
message box will appear welcoming the user to module. Click on the "x" in the upper right-
hand corner to close the message box.
If the Security Warning does not appear when the module is first opened, it may be
necessary to change the security settings for macros. To change the setting, first exit out
of the CO2FFC module and re-launch Microsoft Excel before opening the CO2FFC module.
Next, click on the Microsoft Excel icon in the top left of the screen. Scroll to the bottom of
the menu and select the "Excel Options" button to the right of the main menu. When the
Excel Options box appears, select "Trust Center" in left hand menu of the box. Next, click
the gray "Trust Center Settings" button. When the Trust Center options box appears, click
"Macro Settings" in the left hand menu and select "Disable all macros with notification."
Once the security level has been adjusted, open the Stationary Combustion module and
enable macros in the manner described in the preceding paragraph.
Viewing and Printing Data and Results
The CO2FFC module contains some features to allow users to adjust the screen view and the
appearance of the worksheets when they are printed. Once a module has been opened, you
can adjust the zoom by going to the Module Options Menu, and either typing in a zoom
percentage or selecting one from the drop down menu. In addition, data may not all appear
on a single screen within each worksheet; if not, you may need to scroll up or down to view
additional information.
You may also adjust the print margins of the worksheets to ensure that desired portions of
the CO2FFC module are printed. To do so, go to the File menu, and then select "Print
Preview." Click on "Page Break Preview" and drag the blue lines to the desired positions
(see Figure 2). To print this view, go to the File menu, and click "Print." To return to the
normal view, go to the File menu, click "Print Preview," and then click "Normal View."
Figure 1. Changing Security Settings
E3 Microsoft Excel - Bookl
0 File Edit
View Insert Format
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Add-Ins...
-) AutoCorrect Options,,,
Customize,,.
Options.,.
Macros,..
I Record New Macro.,,
3 Visual Basic Editor	Alt+Fll
V? Microsoft Script Editor Alt+Shift+Fll
Figure 2. Adjusting Print Margins
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1.2 Module Overview
This User's Guide accompanies and explains the CO2FFC module of the SIT. The SIT was
developed in conjunction with EPA's Emissions Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP).
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
1.3

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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Prior to the development of the SIT, EPA developed the States Workbook for estimating
greenhouse gas emissions. In 1998, EPA revisited the States Workbook and expanded it to
follow the format of EIIP guidance documents for criteria air pollutants. The result was a
comprehensive, stepwise approach to estimating greenhouse gas emissions at the state
level. This detailed methodology was appreciated by states with the capacity to devote
considerable time and resources to the development of emission inventories. For other
states, the EIIP guidance was overwhelming and impractical for them to follow from scratch.
EPA recognized the resource constraints facing the states and developed the SIT. The ten
modules of the SIT corresponded to the EIIP chapters and attempted to automate the steps
states would need to take in developing their own emission estimates in a manner that was
consistent with prevailing national and state guidelines.
Since most state inventories developed today rely heavily on the tools, User's Guides have
been developed for each of the SIT modules. These User's Guides contain the most up-to-
date methodologies that are, for the most part, consistent with the Inventory of U.S.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. Volume VIII of the EIIP guidance is a historical
document that was last updated in August 2004, and while these documents can be a
valuable reference, they contain outdated emissions factors and in some cases outdated
methodologies. States can refer to Volume VIII of the EIIP guidance documents if they are
interested in obtaining additional information not found in the SIT or the companion User's
Guide.
The CO2FFC module calculates carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the fuel types shown in
Table 1 by end-use sector. While the module provides default data for fuel types
(depending on availability), users are encouraged to use state-specific data, where
available. If using outside data sources, or for a more thorough understanding of the tool,
please refer to the following discussion for data requirements and methodology.
1.2.1 Data Requirements
To calculate CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion,1 the following data are required:
•	Fossil fuel energy and non-energy consumption by fuel type and sector (non-energy
consumption applies only to the industrial sector);
•	Carbon content coefficients;
•	Carbon stored in products; and
•	Percentage of carbon oxidized during combustion.
Because the carbon content of fossil fuels varies by fuel type, it is necessary to compile
consumption data for each type of fuel (the recommended list of fuels is provided in Table
D-
1 For this discussion, CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion include all of the carbon in fuels that is
either immediately oxidized or oxidized within a short time period (i.e., less than 20 years). It thus
includes carbon in the form of gases, like carbon monoxide. It also includes short-lived products that
will be burned after use or decompose quickly.
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Energy consumption statistics should be collected on
an energy basis—preferably in British thermal units
(Btu). Statistics providing energy consumption data
in other units, such as barrels or tons, may be used,
but require conversion to Btu by using the heat
content of the specific fuel. If the conversion to
energy units is necessary, the heat contents that
were used should be documented (default heat
contents are provided in the CO2FFC module).
Please note that even data given in Btu may be
preceded by a prefix indicating order of magnitude
(i.e. thousand, million, billion). For a better
understanding of the quantity prefixes used with Btu,
refer to Box 1.
Box 2: Caution When Using Non-Default Fuel Consumption Data
If you decide to use fuel consumption data that is different from the default, please be aware of
the following possible data problems:
In some cases (e.g., the default EIA's State Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure
Estimates (EIA/SEDS) data) fuel consumption statistics can include data that is at odds with the
methodology used in the CO2FFC module. For example, SEDS motor gasoline consumption
includes ethanol that is blended into gasoline. Ethanol is not a fossil fuel, and thus the default
data in the CO2FFC module has been adjusted to remove the portion of blended gasoline known
to be ethanol. If you use external data sources, be sure to determine whether ethanol or other
biofuels (e.g., biodiesel) are included in total consumption for any particular fuel type. If so,
you must subtract the biofuel portion before entering the data into the CO2FFC module. State
ethanol data can be obtained from FHWA (2016) the Federal Highway Administration's annual
Highway Statistics report and are taken into account with default data provided in the CO2FFC
module.
Users should also be aware of double counting. For example, EIA's SEDS data for industrial coal
consumption includes coal used to make synthetic natural gas, which is accounted for in both
industrial coal and natural gas consumption data. This double-counting issue has been
corrected for in the default dataset contained in the CO2FFC module; similar adjustments may
need to be made to outside data sources. State-specific natural gas data can be obtained from
Table 12 of EIA's Historical Natural Gas Annual EIA (EIA 2001) and Table 8 of EIA's Natural Gas
Annual EIA (EIA 2015) (and is also provided in the CO2FFC module).

Box 1: Energy Units
A British thermal unit (Btu) is the quantity
of heat required to raise the temperature of
one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit
at or near 39.2° Fahrenheit.

Btu
British thermal unit
1 Btu
MBtu
Thousand Btu
lxlO3 Btu
MM Btu
Million Btu
lxlO6 Btu
BBtu
Billion Btu
lxlO9 Btu
TBtu
Trillion Btu
lxlO12 Btu
QBtu
Quadrillion Btu
lxlO15 Btu
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Table 1. Fuel Types Consumed by Sector




Electric
International
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Utilities
Bunker Fuels
Coal
Coal
Coking Coal
Coal
Coal



Other Coal



Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural





Gas

Petroleum:
Petroleum:
Petroleum:
Petroleum:
Petroleum:
Petroleum:
Distillate
Distillate
Distillate Fuel
Distillate Fuel
Distillate
Jet Fuel,
Fuel
Fuel
Kerosene
LPG
Fuel
Kerosene
Kerosene
Kerosene
LPG
Motor Gasoline
Residual
Distillate Fuel
LPG
LPG
Motor Gasoline
Residual Fuel
Fuel
Residual Fuel

Motor
Residual Fuel
Lubricants
Petroleum


Gasoline
Lubricants
Aviation
Coke


Residual
Asphalt/Road Oil
Gasoline



Fuel
Crude Oil
Jet Fuel,




Feedstocks
Kerosene




Misc. Petroleum
Jet Fuel,




Products
Naphtha




Petroleum Coke





Pentanes Plus





Still Gas





Special Naphthas





Unfinished Oils





Waxes





Aviation Gasoline





Blending





Components





Motor Gasoline





Blending





Components



Other
Other
Other
Other
Other

Source: U.S. EPA 2016.
1.2.2 Tool Layout
Since there are multiple steps to complete within the CO2FFC module, it is important to
have an understanding of the module's overall design. The layout of the CO2FFC module
and the purpose of its worksheets are presented in Figure 3.
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Figure 3. Flow of Information in the CO2FFC Module*
3.	Bulk Data Worksheet
J, Enter energy consumption for all sector by fuel type
Individual Sector Worksheets
4.	Residential
|View consumption data and emission factors
5.	Commercial
J. View consumption data and emission factors
6.	Transportation
J. View consumption data and emission factors
7.	Electric power
J. View consumption data and emission factors
8.	Blinker fuels
J. View consumption data and emission factors
9.	Industrial
Enter non-energy consumption for each fuel type
Summary Data
| Presented in both table and graphical formats in MMTCOjE
"*'» Uncertainty
Review information on uncertainty associated with the default data
* These worksheets are the primary worksheets used in the CO2FFC module; subsequent worksheets are used to
populate the default data and are provided for informational purposes only.
1.3 Methodology
This section provides a guide to using the CO2FFC module of the SIT to estimate CO2
emissions from sectors that consume fossil fuels. Within the CO2FFC module, these sectors
are residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, electric power, and bunker fuels.
Since the methodology is similar in all
sectors, a general methodology is
discussed and specific examples for
each sector are provided.
The CO2FFC module automatically
calculates emissions after you enter
energy consumption data (and the
factors on the control worksheet). The tool provides default energy consumption data,
which comes from the EIA's State Energy Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates
(SEDS) EIA (2016).2 However, other more state-specific data may be used if available (see
Box 3 for suggestions on where to find data).
The CO2FFC module follows the general methodology outlined in the EIIP guidance, however
because of the automation of the calculations within the tool, the order of steps discussed in
this User's Guide do not follow the order of steps discussed within the EIIP guidance
document. This User's Guide provides an overview of the estimation methodology used in
the CO2FFC module by walking through the following eleven steps: (1) select a state; (2) fill
in the variables used throughout the module; (3) complete the bulk data energy
consumption worksheet; (4) complete the residential sector worksheet; (5) complete the
commercial sector worksheet; (6) complete the transportation sector worksheet; (7)
complete the electric power sector worksheet; (8) complete the bunker fuels sector
worksheet; (9) complete the industrial sector worksheet; (10) review summary information;
and (11) export data.
2 These data are available on the Internet at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/ seds.html.
Control Worksheet
1.	Choose a State
2.	Enter the following variables by fuel type:
Combustion Efficiencies
Carbon Contents
Non-Energy Use Storage Factors
3.	Complete Bulk Data Worksheet'
4.	to 9. Complete Sector Workshee
10.	View Summaiy Dat
11.	Export Data
Box 3: State Energy Data Sources
In-state sources, such as state energy commissions or public
utility commissions, should be consulted first. Otherwise,
default data provided by the CO2FFC module may be used.
Fossil fuel statistics should be provided on an energy basis
(e.g., in Btu).
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
The general equation use to calculate CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion is shown in
Equation 1. The equation used for fuels in the industrial end-use sector is similar, but
includes the non-energy use of fuels, as shown in Equation 2.
Equation 1. General Emission Equation
Emissions (MMTCO2E) =
Consumption (BBtu) x Emission Factor (lbs C/BBtu) x 0.0005 short ton/lbs x Combustion
Efficiency (% as a decimal) x 0.9072 (Ratio of Short Tons to Metric Tons) -r 1,000,000 x
(44/12) (to yield MMTCO2E)
Equation 2. Emission Equation for the Industrial Sector*
Emissions (MMTCO2E) =
(Total Consumption (BBtu) - [Non-Energy Consumption (BBtu) x Storage Factor (%)]
x Emission Factor (lbs C/BBtu) x Combustion Efficiency (% as a decimal))
x 0.9072 (Ratio of Short Tons to Metric Tons) -r 1,000,000 x (44/12) (to yield MMTCO2E)
* This equation also applies to lubricants consumed in the transportation end-use sector.
Step (1) Select a State
To begin, select the state you are interested in evaluating. By selecting a state, the rest of
the tool will automatically reset to reflect the appropriate state default data and
assumptions for use in subsequent steps of the tool.
Step (2) Fill in the Variables Used Throughout the Module
Step 2 requires users to select appropriate factors for several key variables necessary for
estimating CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. This can be done by selecting the
default data provided or entering user-specified, fuel-specific data for combustion
efficiencies, carbon contents, and non-energy use storage factors that will be used
throughout the tool. To select the default data, select the "Clear/Select All Defaults" button
for each group of variables (combustion efficiency, carbon content, and non-energy use
storage factors) or check the default box directly to the right of individual yellow input cells.
Note that users may select a default value and later override it if better data becomes
available. To enter state-specific data from other sources, enter values directly into the
yellow input cells. If the user-specific inputs do not match the default data in the control
worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will appear red. See Figure 4 for
locations of the "Clear/Select All Defaults" buttons, individual default check boxes, and
yellow input cells. Information for combustion efficiencies, carbon contents, and non-
energy use storage factors are discussed individually below.
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Figure 4. Control Worksheet for the CO2FFC Module
E State Inventory Tool - C02 Emissions from Combustion of Fossil Fuel
File Edit Module Options
T
State Inventory Tool
1.	Choose a State Seled a aate	-
This is very important - it selects the correct default variables for your
2.	Fill In the Variables that are used throughout the Workshe<
Either Type in tfie value/percentage or Click the Default Box
Combustion Efficiencies
CO 2 Emissions from Combustion of Fossil Fuels
| Consult 6uidonce~|
Fuel
Default Efficiency
Coal
99.0%
Natural Gas
99.5%
Petroleum
99.0%
LPG
99.5%
Carbon Contents (lbs Carbon million Btu)

Default Car bon
Fuel
Content
Asphalt and Road Oil
45.42
Aviation Gasoline
41.56
Distillate Fuel
43.94
Jet Fuel, Kerosene
variable by year
Jet Fuel, Naphtha
43.50
Kerosene
43.44
LPG (industrial)
variable by year
LPG (energy only)
variable by year
Lubricants
44.58
Motor Gasoline
variable by year
Residual Fuel
47.33
Misc. Petro Products
variable by year
Feedstocks, Naphtha
39.96
Feedstocks, Other Oils
43.94
Pentanes Plus
40.18
Petroleum Coke
61.34
Still Gas
38.57
Special Naphthas
43.74
Unfinished Oils
variable by year
Waxes
43.63
Residential Coal
variable by year
Commercial Coal
variable by year
RESET ALL!
Se ect A Defau ts

Efficiency Used
Default?
Clear/Select All Defaults
Required Data
Individual Default
Data Check Boxes
~i \Control/ Residential / Commercial / Industrial / Transportation / Electric Power / Bunker Fuels / Summary-MMTCE / Summary-MM'
Combustion Efficiencies
The first type of required data in the control worksheet is combustion efficiency (percent
carbon oxidized). This percent is applied if the carbon is not completely oxidized during the
combustion of fossil fuels. The fraction oxidized was assumed to be 100 percent for
petroleum, coal, natural gas, and LPG based on guidance from IPCC (2006). If values other
than module defaults are available for state-level combustion, they should be used and
documented. Combustion efficiencies are used throughout the module and are pulled into
each sector's worksheet. Figure 5 presents an example of the combustion efficiency used in
the commercial sector worksheet. If the user-specific inputs do not match the default data
in the control worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will appear red.
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Figure 5. Example of Combustion Efficiency Data Applied in the Commercial Worksheet
E State Inventory Tool - C02 Emissions from Combustion of Fossil Fuel
:aj File Edit Module Options
4. Commercial Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Colorado
possible data
Commercial Sector
1990
Combustion Efficiency
Data
Emissions
Commercial Sector
1991
Commercial Sector
1992
Emissions
Emissions
Carbon Contents
The second type of data required for the control worksheet is the carbon content data,
which is also pulled into the individual sector worksheets (depending on whether the fuel
type is represented in the sector). The carbon content coefficients used in the CO2FFC
module are from the EPA's Inventory of GHG Emissions (EPA 2016). States are encouraged
to use more detailed data if it is available and well documented. If the user-specific inputs
do not match the default data in the control worksheet (i.e., the default value is
overwritten), the text will appear red.
Carbon content represents the maximum amount of carbon emitted per unit of energy
released, assuming 100 percent combustion efficiency. Coal has the highest carbon content
of the major fuel types, petroleum has roughly 75 percent of carbon per energy as
compared to coal, and natural gas has about 55 percent. However, carbon contents also
vary within the major fuel types, as noted below:
• Carbon emissions per ton of coal vary considerably depending on the coal's composition
of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, ash, oxygen, and nitrogen. While variability of carbon
emissions on a mass basis can be considerable, carbon emissions per unit of energy
(e.g., per Btu) vary less.
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
•	The carbon/energy ratio of different petroleum fractions generally correlates with API
(American Petroleum Institute) gravity (Marland and Rotty 1984).3 Lighter fractions
(e.g., gasoline) usually have less carbon per unit energy than heavier fractions (e.g.,
residual fuel oil).
•	Natural gas is a mixture of several gases, and the carbon content depends on the
relative proportions of methane, ethane, propane, other hydrocarbons, CO2, and other
gases, which vary from one gas production site to another.
Non-Energy Use Storage Factors
The third and final type of data requested in the control worksheet is the percent of carbon
in each fuel that is stored from non-energy uses. Many fossil fuels have potential non-
energy uses. For example, LPG is used for production of solvents and synthetic rubber; oil
is used to produce asphalt, naphthas, and lubricants; and coal is used to produce coke,
yielding crude light oil and crude tar as by-products that are used in the chemical industry.
However, not all non-energy uses of fossil fuels result in carbon storage. For example, the
carbon from natural gas used in ammonia production is oxidized quickly; many products
from the chemical and refining industries are burned or decompose within a few years; and
the carbon in coke is oxidized when the coke is used. The CO2FFC module provides national
default values for storage factors, but state-level fractions may differ depending on the type
of non-energy uses. Where state-specific estimates are available, their use is preferred, if
adequate supporting documentation is available. If the user-specific inputs do not match the
default data in the control worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will
appear red. Data on the non-energy use storage factor is used in the industrial sector
worksheet (Step 9).
Step (3) Complete the Bulk Energy Consumption Data Worksheet
The energy consumption data entered in the "Bulk Energy Consumption Data" (bulk data)
worksheet feed into the calculation worksheets for each sector. Modifying the consumption
data in this worksheet will change the consumption estimates on each sector calculation
sheet. The default data will automatically be populated in the yellow cells by sector and fuel
type for the selected state. On the bulk data worksheet, presented as an example in Figure
6, the yellow cells indicate where the required energy activity data are entered either
manually or automatically from default data. Default data in the yellow cells on this
worksheet can be overwritten with state-specific data. To revert to default data for all
sectors and fuel types, click on the "Refresh Default Data" button at the top of the
worksheet. Click on the "Proceed to Calculation Worksheet" to begin/continue estimating
emissions, or click on the "Return to Control" button to return to the control worksheet.
3 Variations in petroleum are most often expressed in terms of specific gravity at 15 degrees Celsius.
The API gravity, where API gravity = 141.5/specific gravity - 131.5, is an indication of the molecular
size, carbon/hydrogen ratio, and hence carbon content of a crude oil.
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Figure 6. Example of the Required Energy Consumption Data in the Bulk Data
Worksheet
E State Inventory Tool - C02FFC Module 12.10.2010v1.xls
;s] File Edit Module Options
X
1 Default Energy Consumption in Arkansas, billion btu (Bbtu)
The energy consumption data entered in the table below feeds into the calculation worksheets for each sector. Modifying the consumption data below will change the
consumption estimates on each sector calculation sheet. To modify the inputs below:
1.	Overwrite default data provided in the yellow cells with available state-specific data.
2.	To revert back to default data for all sectors and fuel types, click on the "Refresh Default Data" button below.
3.	Click on the "Proceed to Calculation Worksheet' to begin/continue estimating emissions.
Refresh Default Data
Proceed to Calculation Worksheet
5 Sector and Fuel
Return to Contro
Commercial Coal
Commercial Distillate Fuel
Commercial Kerosene
Comme ' ' r"~
comme, Refresh Default Data
Comme r
Commercial Residual Fuel
Commercial Wood
Commercial Other
Electric Power Coal
Electric Power Distillate Fuel
Electric Power Natural Gas
Electric Power Petroleum Coke
Electric Power Residual Fuel
Electric Power Wood
Electric Power Other
Industrial Asphalt and Road Oil
Industrial Aviation Gasoline Blending Components
Industrial Coal
Industrial Coking Coal
Industrial Crude Oil
Industrial Distillate Fuel
Industrial Feedstocks, Naphtha less than 401 F
Industrial Feedstocks, Other Oils greater than 401 F
Industrial Kerosene
Industrial LP©
Industrial Lubricants
Industrial Misc. Petro Products
Proceed to Calculation
Worksheets
Required Energy Data
' 1,246 '
1,639 *
1,614 r
94 '
114 r
52 '
4,358 r
4,560 r
4,304 r
1,664 '
1,489 r
1,518 r
228 r
302 r
198 r
5,048
1,546
1,587
115
5,132
31,823
29,852
28,759
28,397
653 r
392 r
343 r
360
251,704 r
239,806 r
247,654 r
259,094
568 r
584 '
1,043 r
974
34,795 r
25,425 r
41,357 r
41,082
511 '
169 '
627 '
581
6,470 r
6,716 r
5,702 r
6,787
30 r
38 r
16 r
24
8,356 r
6,980 r
7,004 r
7,927
19,764 r
23,285 r
22,228 r
20,553
8,640 '
9,669 '
10,527 r
9,051
13,153 r
15,525 r
14,758 r
14,622
52 r
56 r
98 r
76
4,760 r
4,233 r
3,305 r
7,069
1,541 r
1,628 r
1,704 r
1,722
1,605 r
1,762 r
2,145 r
2,017
~i \ Control \ Default State Energy Data Table/ Residential / Commercial "/ Transportation / Electric Power / Bunker Fuels / Industrial / Summary-MMTC02E / Summary-MMTCE / Uncertainty / FF
Step (4) through Step (7) View Emission Estimates on Individual Sector
Worksheets (Excluding International Bunker Fuels and Industrial Sector)
With the exception of industrial sector, the worksheets for each sector have the same basic
set-up. On the residential sector worksheet, presented as an example in Figure 7, the cells
in the first column indicate where the required energy activity data were entered from the
bulk data worksheet. This activity data are converted into CO2 emissions using the factors
entered on the control worksheet, the energy consumption data entered on the bulk data
worksheet, and the formula presented in Equation 1. Click on the orange "Click here for the
bulk data worksheet." button to return to the energy consumption data entry worksheet.
The activity data used to populate the energy consumption input cells is annual fuel
consumption based on primary fuel type (e.g., coal, petroleum, and natural gas) and
secondary fuel type (e.g., gasoline, residual oil, natural gas, etc.) by sector (e.g.,
residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric utilities). A list of potential
fuel types consumed in each sector is provided in Table 1 and is included in the CO2FFC
module.
The CO2FFC module calculates emissions for each sector by multiplying consumption by the
carbon content and the combustion efficiency to obtain the total carbon oxidized. Then, the
total tons of carbon oxidized are converted into MMTCO2E, by multiplying by the ratio of
metric tons per short ton (0.9072) to obtain metric tons and dividing by 106 and multiplying
by 44/12 to express emissions in MMTCO2E (Equation 1).
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
1.12

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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Figure 7. Example of the Required Energy Data Applied in the Residential
Worksheet
u State Inventory Tool - C02 Emissions from Combustion of Fossil Fuel
File Edit Module Options
X
X
3. Residential Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Colorado
possible data
-------
Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
express emissions in MMTCO2E (Equation 2). Click on the orange "Click here for the bulk
data worksheet." button to return to the energy consumption data entry worksheet.
Figure 8. Example of Energy and Non-Energy Consumption Data Applied in the Industrial
Worksheet
D Slate Inventory Tool - C02 Emissions from Combustion of Fossil Fuel
3] File Edit Module Options
he
Industrial Consumption and C02 Emissions in Colorado
possible data
Click here for
¦¦•c : . I iiito
II'-'
K
Check All Boxes
Industrial Sector
1990
R Default Non-Enerqy Consumption Data?
Net combustible
Asphalt and Road Oil
Aviation Gasoline Blendi
Components
Crude Oil
Distillate Fuel
Feedstocks, Naphtha les
401F
Motor Gasoline
Motor Gasoline Blending
Components
Misc. Petro Products
Residual Fuel
Still Gas
Special Naphthas
Required Non-Energy
Consumption Data
39,260
28,625
45,728
Industrial Sector
1991
Default Non-Energy Consumption Data?!
(Billion Btu) Storage Factot (V.j (Billion Btu) (lbs CIMillion Btu) EHicienc; (X) (sh
Step (10) Review Summary Information
The steps above provide estimates of total carbon in fossil fuels consumed, carbon stored in
non-energy products, and amount of carbon oxidized to CO2. Total carbon emissions are
equal to the total carbon content in fuel, minus carbon stored in non-energy uses, adjusted
for the carbon not oxidized during combustion, and summed over all fuel types and sectors,
for each year. The information is collected on the summary worksheet, displaying results in
MMTCO2E. Figure 9 shows the summary worksheet that sums the emissions from all
sectors in the CO2FFC module. In addition, the results are displayed in graphical format at
the bottom of the summary worksheets.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
1.14
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
Figure 9. Example of the Emissions Summary Worksheet in the CO2FFC Module
E3 State Inventory Tool - C02 Emissions from Combustion of Fossil Fuel
File Edit Module Options
Type a question for help
B
T
I
N
California Emissions Summary (MMTC02E)
Go to the Control
Sheet
Review discussion 01
uncertainty associated
with these results
5
MMTCO.E
1990
1991
1992
1**3
19*4
1**5
1996
1**7
1**8
1*9*
2000
2001
2002
6
Residential
29.59
29.40
27.30
28.89
29.46
26.85
27.03
26.81
32.38
32.04
27.63
28.74
27.85
7
Coal
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
8
Petroleum
1.44
1.70
1.21
1.27
1.26
1.22
1.03
0.96
1.56
1.46
1.43
1.10
1.12
9
Natural Gas
28.15
27.68
26.10
27.57
28.15
25.59
25.95
25.82
30.79
30.58
26.20
27.63
26.73
10
Commercial
18.78
18.89
17.26
15.34
15.74
16.83
14.60
15.21
17.55
14.71
14.18
14.73
13.68
11
Coal
0.04
0.08
0.00
0.25
0.30
0.25
0.34
0.21
0.22
0.05
0.05
0.00
0.00
12
Petroleum
3.14
3.17
1.75
1.32
1.29
1.64
1.37
1.31
1.52
1.50
1.64
1.49
1.21
13
Natural Gas
15.60
15.65
15.51
13.77
14.15
14.94
12.89
13.69
15.80
13.16
12.49
13.25
12.47
14
Industrial
71.91
72.99
73.35
70.79
71.09
69.89
72.51
77.43
74.89
72.85
72.57
74.84
75.22
15
Coal
6.01
5.85
6.00
4.96
5.02
5.36
5.20
5.76
4.02
4.34
4.40
4.34
4.37
16
Petroleum
34.40
29.46
30.62
28.05
30.37
27.94
29.66
29.86
26.22
27.11
26.81
32.94
30.92
17
Natural Gas
31.50
37.68
36.73
37.77
35.70
36.59
37.65
41.81
44.65
41.40
41.36
37.57
39.93
18
Transportation
203.70
192.56
192.13
189.31
197.85
201.67
204.75
199.11
199.68
204.47
215.57
211.31
223.24
19
Coal













20
Petroleum
202.60
191.56
191.31
188.63
197.16
200.61
203.69
197.81
199.11
203.85
214.96
210.57
222.59
21
Natural Gas
1.10
1.01
0.83
0.68
0.69
1.06
1.06
1.30
0.58
0.62
0.61
0.73
0.65
22
Electric Power
40.34
37.98
45.54
42.00
49.43
37.09
32.77
35.75
39.29
43.22
52.82
57.64
43.65
23
Coal
1.78
2.41
2.53
2.63
2.52
2.21
1.89
1.70
1.86
2.05
2.05
1.96
2.13
24
Petroleum
4.16
1.30
1.21
2.58
2.66
2.01
2.33
1.82
2.23
1.98
2.47
2.79
2.18
25
Natural Gas
34.40
34.27
41.80
36.80
44.26
32.86
28.55
32.23
35.20
39.18
48.30
52.88
39.35
26
International Bunker Fuels

0.23
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.08
0.10
0.10
27
Petroleum

0.23
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.08
0.10
0.10
28
TOTAL
364.32
351.81
355.59
346.34
363.57
352.33
351.67
354.30
363.79
367.29
382.77
387.25
383.64
29
Coal
7.84
8.35
8.53
7.90
7.89
7.86
7.48
7.69
6.14
6.46
6.50
6.30
6.50
30
Petroleum
245.74
227.18
226.09
221.85
232.74
233.43
238.09
231.77
230.64
235.90
247.32
248.89
258.02
31
Natural Gas
110.74
116.28
120.96
116.59
122.95
111.04
106.10
114.84
127.02
124.94
128.96
132.06
119.12
Multi-Sector Charts
Individual Sector Charts
r
~i
r
H \ t nntrnl / Rpsiripntial / rnmmprml I Industrial / Trarmnrtatinn / FlRrtrir Pnwer / Fiunkpr FupIs / Surnrrwv-MMTt F \ Summarv-MMTrn?F /'
Step (11) Export Data
The final step is to export the summary data. Exporting data allows the estimates from
each module to be combined later by the Synthesis Module to produce a comprehensive
greenhouse gas inventory for the state.
To access the "Export Data" button, return
to the control sheet and scroll down to the
bottom (11). Click on the "Export Data"
button and a message box will open that
reminds the user to make sure all steps of
the module have been completed. If you
make any changes to the CO2FFC module
later, you will then need to re-export the
results.
Note: the resulting export file should not be
modified. The export file contains a summary
worksheet where users can view the results, as well as a
separate data worksheet with an unformatted version of
the results; this data worksheet contains the information
that is exported to the Synthesis Tool, and it is especially
important that users do not modify it. Adding/removing
rows, moving data, or making other modifications
jeopardize the ability of the Synthesis Module to
accurately analyze the data.
Clicking "OK" prompts you to save the file.
The file is already named, so you only need to choose a convenient place to save the file.
After the file is saved, a message box will appear indicating that the data was successfully
exported.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
1.15
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Module 1 -CO? from Fossil Fuel Combustion Module
January 2017
While completing the modules, you are encouraged to save each completed module; doing
so will enable you to easily make changes without re-running it entirely.
Following data export, the module may be reset and run for an additional state.
Alternatively, you may run the remaining modules of the State Inventory Tool to obtain a
comprehensive profile of emissions for your state.
1.4 Uncertainty
In the upper right-hand corner of the summary worksheet is a button: "Review discussion of
uncertainty associated with these results." By clicking on this button, you are taken to a
worksheet that discusses the uncertainty surrounding the activity data and emission factors,
and how the uncertainty estimates for this source category affect the uncertainty of the
emission estimates for your state.
1.5 References
EIA. 2001. Historical Natural Gas Annual 1930-2000. Energy Information Administration,
U.S. Department of Energy. DOE/EIA-0110(00). Internet Address:
http://www.eia.doe.aov/oil gas/natural gas/data publications/historical natural gas a
nnual/hnga.html.
EIA. 2016. State Energy Data 2014 Consumption. Energy Information Administration, U.S.
Department of Energy. DOE/EIA-0214(2013). Internet address:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/ seds.html.
EIA. 2015. Natural Gas Annual 2013. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department
of Energy, Washington, DC. DOE/EIA-0131(10).
IPCC. 2006. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara,
and K. Tanabe, eds.; Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES). Hayama,
Kanagawa,Japan.
Marland, G., and R.M. Rotty. 1984. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuels: A
Procedure for Estimation and Results for 1950-1982," Tellus 36b:232-261.
FHWA. 2016. Highway Statistics 1992-2014, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.
Department of Transportation. Internet address:
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policv/ohpi/hss/index.cfm.
U.S. EPA. 2016. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 - 2014.
Office of Atmospheric Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 430-R-16-
002. Internet address: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventorv-us-greenhouse-
gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2014.
State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the CO2FFC Module
1.16
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