Hawaii
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008
The Clean Watersheds Needs
Survey (CWNS) is a comprehensive
assessment of needs1 to meet the water
quality and water-related public health
goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
States and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) conduct the
CWNS every four years under CWA
Section 516 (b). Hawaii documented
needs totaling $1.8 billion in 2008.
This is a 29 percent decrease from the
$2.5 billion in needs documented in
2004.
Documented Needs in Hawaii
Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)
Type of Need
2004
2008
Percent Change
Wastewater treatment
$821
$340
-59%
Pipe repair and new pipes
$1,516
$1,215
-20%
Recycled water distribution
$134
$202
51%
Combined sewer overflow correction
$0
$0
0%
Total Wastewater Treatment Needs
$2,471
$1,757
-29%
Conveyance infrastructure
n/a
nra
n/a
Treatment systems
n/a
nr
n/a
Green infrastructure
n/a
nr
n/a
General stormwater management
nr
nr
0%
Total Stormwater Management Needsb
nr
nr
0%
Agriculture (cropland) best management practices (BMPs)
nr
nr
0%
Agriculture (animals) BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Silviculture (forestry) BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Ground water protection: unknown source BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Marinas BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Resource extraction BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Brownfields remediation
nr
nr
0%
Storage tank remediation
nr
nr
0%
Sanitary landfills BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Hydromodification (Water resource restoration and protection)
nr
nr
0%
Other estuary management activities0
n/a
nr
n/a
Total Nonpoint Source Control Needsb'd
nr
nr
0%
Total Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Needsb'd
nr
$2
n/a
Total Needs
$2,471
$1,759
-29%
aNot reported; bActual needs may be higher, since documenting these needs is difficult; cIn 2004, Other Estuary Management
Needs were reported under Separate State Estimates (SSEs); dNot included in Official Needs in the Report to Congress.

*
County Needs ($M)
None reported
~ < 100
100-150
¦¦ > 150
1 Documented needs in the CWNS include the unfunded capital costs of projects as of January 1, 2008 that address a water
quality or a water quality-related public health problem existing as of January 1, 2008, or expected to occur within the next 20
years; and meet the seven CWNS documentation criteria. All needs are in January 2008 dollars.

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Hawaii
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
The enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972 resulted in dramatic improvements in the:
•	Number of wastewater treatment plants.
•	Percentage of the population served by wastewater treatment plants.
•	Quality of effluent treatment from wastewater treatment facilities.
In 2008, 37% of Hawaii residents received centralized wastewater treatment services at the secondary,
advanced, or no discharge treatment level, compared to 6% in 1972.
Number of Centralized Treatment Facilities and Population Served
Number of Facilities
Population Served
%Total	%Total
Population	Population
Treatment Level
1972
2008
Projected"
1972
1972
2008
2008
Projected3
Less than Secondary
7
1
1
57,000
7
344,706
27
420,000
Secondary
10
6
6
23,000
3
344,011
27
561,300
Advanced
11
1
1
30,000
4
279
<1
17,258
No Discharge
0
14
16
0
0
128,860
10
239,179
Total
28
22
24
110,000
13
817,856
64
1,237,737
a Number of facilities and population served if all needs documented in the CWNS 2008 are met.
Small Communities
In Hawaii, small community wastewater
facilities serve 3% of the population and
comprise 3% of total wastewater
treatment and collection needs. EPA
small community support information is
available at:
www. epa. gov/owm/mab/smcomm
Reported Needs for Facilities in Small Communities
Facilities
Population 2004 2008
Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)
2004 2008
0-999 0 1
1,000-3,499 2 3
3,500-10,000 4 1
$0 $8
$8 $21
$39 $19
Total
6 :
$49 $48
Visit www.epa.gov/cwns for more information including:
•	Detailed Reports to Congress
•	Other state fact sheets
•	Maps, charts, and data downloads for projects, facilities, watersheds, counties, congressional
districts, cities, states, and regions

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