HISTORY OF THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH LABORATORY AT DUtUTH, MN
FROM ITS INCEPTION THROUGH 1987.
Pref ace
The purpose of this report is to document major events and changes that
have occurred at ERL-D from its inception until now, As for the people who
have worked here, we only recognized those Federal (career) employees who
have spent at least three years at this lab. We are indebted to the hundreds
of Federal temporary employees and on-site grant/contract personnel who have
worked here. (Gilman D. Veith, Director. January, 1988).
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
6201 Congdori Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
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Pre-ded i ca t i on History (September 1964- - August 198?)
The first laboratory employee, Arrrond E. Lemke, arrived in Duluth on
Labor Day, 1984, Armond was stationed at the French River Hatchery until
May. 1985 when he moved his "laboratory" to the Old Main building at the
University of Mi nnesota-Duluth (HMD}. At this time, the laboratory was under
the U.S. Public Health Service (liSPHS). In July, 1985, Douglas Shape became
the first administrator of the laboratory and hired Bob Andrew, Henry Bell,
Chuck Walbridge, Louis Williams, Steve Warnick, Roll Syrett, V i nee Matt son.
and Alan Nebeker. During these years, the small staff at UMD collected test
organisms from area lakes and streams, constructed d11 liters, and conducted
b i oassays.
Actual construction of the laboratory began in September, 1985 on a 13.2
acre parcel of land donated by the City of Duluth. The building was designed
by Me 1ander-Fuge1 so and Associates and constructed by A. Hedenberg and
Company, both of Duluth, Minnesota, The final cost of the project was $2.2
mill ion. In the spring of 1988, the laboratory {named the National Water
Quality Laboratory) was transferred from the USPHS to the Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration in the Department of the Interior. Doug
Shape, wishing to remain with the USPHS, transferred to Washington and
Michael D. Lubratovich was hired as administrative officer and Charles Nash
was installed as personnel/purchasing agent. At the dedication ceremony on
August 11, 1987, Dr, Donald 1, Mount of the Newtown Fish Toxicology Station
fOH) was named the first director of the laboratory. This history is
dedicated to the following original employees of the National Water Quali ty
Laboratory (NWQL).
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Original Staff of the Na ona
Water Quality Laboratory \nIQl)
01 RECTOR - Or, Donald [. Mount
ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR - Michael D. lubratovich
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER - Charles B. Nash
Purchasing Supervisor - Paul Granholm
Secretary-Stenographer - Geraldine G, Sdlett
Clerk-Stenographers - Donna M. Holm, Ruby L, Johnson
GENERAL ENGINEER - George "Doug" idlett
Maintenance Mechanics - Walter P. Dawson, Harry T. Jackson
PLANKTON-PERIPHYTON BACTERIA SECTION:
Research Aquat i c Biologists - Dr. Louis G, Williams, Phytoplankton-Sens i t i v j ty Uni
Charles T. Walbridge, PhytopIankton-Periphyton Unit
Dr. Alfred W. Hoadi ey, Bacteria Unit
INVERTEBRATE SECTION:
Research Aquatic Biologists - Arraond E. Lerake, Production-Sensitivity Unit
John W, Arthur, Production-Sensitivity Unit
Vincent R. Mattson, Production-Sensitivity Unit
Dr. Alan V. Nebeker. Environmental Unit
Marc J. Imlay, Environmental Unit
Wesley E, Smith, Environmental Unit
Henry L, Bell, Environmental Unit
Dona 1d T, Olson, Environmental Unit
Dr. Steven L. Warni ck, Toxicology Unit
FISH SECTION:
Envi ronmental-Producti on & Sensitivity Unit Chief - Bernard R. one*
Toxicology Unit Acting Chief - Dr." James M. MeKitn
Research Aquatic Biologists - John G. Hale, Product ion-Sensitivity Unit
Duane A. Benoit, Production-Sensitivity Unit
Dr. Donald A. Hi 1 den, Toxicology Unit
J. Howard McCormick, Toxicology Uni t
Richard E. Pearson, Toxicology Unit
Research Chemist - Dr. Glen M. Chr i stenscn, Toxicology Unit
Science Technician - Roll P. Syrett, Production-Sensitivity Unit
Biologist Laboratory Technician - Gay 1e F. Olson
RESEARCH SERVICES SECTION:
Research Chemist - Robert If. Andrew, Service-Methods Unit
'August, 1987
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Part I. History of ERL-D; Chronological trends in aquatic research at
Duluth and its field stations.
This brief overview of research and other activities at ERL-Duluth over
the years is not intended to be exhaustive. An attempt was made to convey
the "flavor" of what happened during each year of laboratory operation.
Emphasis was placed on (!) start-up time of new research projects, (2)
changes in research emphasis, and (3) a description of some of the things
that people have done, or had happen to them to aid a personal touch. The
"history" was extracted from interviews with staff members, quarterly
reports, personnel records and our i n-house newsletter—the Fi shli ne.
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"" Htstory of ttre-iirSr-EnvfronaentiI-
Research Laboratory at Duluth. MN
Table of Contents
Part 1. History of ERL-D: Chronological trends in aquatic research at
Da Iuth and its field stations.
Part li. History of ERL-D: Profile of federal career employees.
Part III, History of ERL-D: Chronological sketch of the development and
construction of physical facilities at Duluth and its field
stat tons.
1 Compiled by A1 Mozol and Bob Drumrnond, January, 1988.
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-1967-
in the year the laboratory was dedicated (Aug. 1 1, 1967!,, scientists
continued studies started at the University of Mi nnesota-Dul uth [ L'MD) Old
Main and assembled test equipment. The effects of adverse temperature,
dissolved oxygen, and pH on Fish and aquatic invertebrates were studied.
Biologists cultured a wide variety of freshwater organisms including yellow
perch, Sake trout, rainbow trout, sculpin, lake herring, and clams. A wide
range of organisms were reared to determine* which survived in the conditions
of the new laboratory, Organisms not reared in the laboratory were collected
from area streams and lakes. Scientific staff moved into the laboratory in
July and prepared for the dedication. Fish tanks and simple displays were
quickly constructed to prepare for the curious public that would tour the
facility on dedication day. After the excitement of the dedication was over,
scientists tackled the laborious task of plumbing and wiring their
laboratories.
-1968-
1n the first full year of laboratory operations, the staff was involved
with hiring more personnel, purchasing equipment, developing new studies, and
continuing existing research. Key scientists and technicians were hired
during 1888, many of whom are still at the laboratory. The laboratory
purchased an electron microscope, infrared spectrophotometer, polygraph, and
osmometer to provide some much needed technical capability. Initial meetings
were conducted with Northern States Power to plan the Monticello Research
Station. This nuclear power plant was scheduled to go on-line in May, 1970
and a research station was planned soon after that date. Temperature studies
were initiated at the Bayport, MM field 'station. The objective of this
research was to determine the effects of temperature on the spawning
requirements of seven different fish species. The Shay Ie r Run project, near
Cincinnati, OH, was planned to study the chronic effects of copper in a
natural stream environment. Much of the associated laboratory work was
conducted by the staff of the Newtown Fish Toxicology Station (NFTS), a field
station of the Duluth laboratory.
The NWQL continued research to investigate the effects of temperature,
pH, and dissolved oxygen extremes on aquatic organises, Biologists also
conducted chronic toxicity tests and monitored the growth, reproduction, and
feeding characteristics for several fish species, Because of analytical
capabilities at the time, the toxicants studied were mainly metals including
copper, cadmium, and chromium. In 1968, the first studies on taconite
tailings were initiated, Tests on phytop1ankton, zooplankton, and fish were
made to detect the adverse effects of taconite tailings.
At this stage of the laboratory development, lake water was not available
to scientists. City water was pumped through three carbon filters in order
to make it suitable' for testing. However, carbon could not completely remove
the chlorami nes to a level where test organisms were not affected. In an
effort to provide the laboratory with Lake Superior water, the staff
installed a make-shift system, Don Mount describes the situation: "The
first year was pretty tough...we put a temporary (Lake Superior water intake}
line in,,.a I 1/2 inch polyethylene black hose out into the lake. Everytime
we'd get a storm, it would blow it up onto the shore. We'd run out of water
and start over again,"
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-1989-
Th e laboratory became more involved in the Reserve Mining taconite
discharge issue. The Lake Superior Enforcement Conference on May 13-18, 1969
required a great amount of preparation by several scientists. With little
baseline information available, the laboratory conducted several studies to
determine the impact of taconite tailings. While Reserve believed the
tailings went to the bottom of the lake and stayed there, laboratory studies
showed caeonite tailings could be found in the water supplies of numerous
towns along the north shore.
The laboratory was also actively Involved in developing water quality
criteria for Lake Michigan. The Lake -Michigan Enforcement Conference
conferences asked the laboratory to develop guidelines for thermal and
pesticide wafer quality criteria. Excessive concentrations of DDT and
dieldrin in Lake Michigan coho salmon prompted this request.
Other in-house research centered around the chronic exposure of test
organisms to determine their temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH
requirements. Brook trout chronic toxicity tests using copper and chromium
as toxicants were continued throughout 19B9. These experiments, which
involved two generations of test organisms, took three years to complete.
-1970-
During this year the bi oassay testing capability of the laboratory
increased dramatically, A stable source of Lake Superior water became
available to scientists upon coup 1etion of a permanent water intake line,
pumping station, and water tower. Specific work groups to develop test
methods were established to investigate all aspects of bi oassay testing
including rearing, growth, feeding, and treatment procedures. The laboratory
expanded the types of toxicants used in bi oassays. Toxicity tests using a
number of pesticides including sevi n, malathion, and methoxychlor were
conducted to determine the acute and chronic effects on fish and
invertebrates. A project at Shagawa Lake near Ely, Minnesota was started to
study the effects of chlorinated effluents on fish. This research was
requested to determine if fishes living in sewage.treatment plant effluent
are suitable for human consumption.
Laboratory involvement in the Reserve Mining case continued. The
laboratory prepared a 102-page technical report that summarized the results
of sis independent studies on bacteria 1 response to tailings, solubility,
toxicity to higher aquatic organisms, "green water", tailings distribution,
and algal growth potential. This report was made available to the states for
the Lake Superior Enforcement Conference held on April 29 and 30, The court
trial between Reserve Mining and the State of Minnesota began on June 22,
1970 and several laboratory scientists testified, The laboratory hoped to
conclude work on this problem by the end of 1970, In July ERL-D became part
of the newly formed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency {EPA} in 1970. The
Corvallis field station was transferred to the Duluth laboratory. This
laboratory was called the Western Fish Toxicology Laboratory and specialized
in testing adult salmon fcr acute and chronic toxicity effects.
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-1971-
hs a major thrust during this period, the laboratory conducted research
to determine federal water quality criteria. The laboratory was asked to
provide technical assistance to states on the issue of temperature and oxygen
requirements for aquatic life. The laboratory responded to this request
through research at the laboratory and by expert testimony by laboratory
staff at meetings and hearings across the nation. A. large amount of the
water quality criteria research was contracted out to private and university
researchers across the nation. As a part of water quality criteria
development, the laboratory participated in the ORSANCO Aquat i c Life
Committee which prepared bi oassay procedures to test complex effluents.
i n 1971, a new research group was formed at the laboratory with ten new
positions—the pesticide testing for setting standards group. The team's
goal was to determine the safe, no-effect level for selected pesticides to
various species of aquatic life. By the end of the year, chronic bi oassays
were started using Diazinon and Captan as toxicants.
Another major research program started at the laboratory during this
period was the development of short-cut methods to determine chronic toxicity
results. Biologists discovered other indicators to demonstrate the toxicity
of a chemical compound would reduce the time needed to conduct a long-term
chronic bioassay. Locomotor activity, cough response, toxicant concentration
in fish tissues, and spawning rate were parameters investigated by the
researchers.
-1972- •
The laboratory was brought back into the Reserve Mining controversy on
January 20, 1972 when the EPA Enforcement and: General Counsel requested the
laboratory to "devise sound field sampling and evaluation effort to optimize
results for use in this court case". The laboratory committed 68 people to
conduct biological, chemical, and bacteriological studies for the summer of
1972. A total of {11.5} million was spent during this summer to conduct
these studies.
For this research, the "field" was Lake Superior—the world's largest
body of freshwater. Any seasoned sailor can testify Superior can be a nasty
place to do your work and several laboratory scientists found this out.
Most veteran laboratory employees single out the Reserve study as the
most exciting research they were involved in. During the summer of 1972, a
large group of researchers donned scuba gear every day to examine the
movement of taconite in the lake. Duane Benott was in a group that found
themselves exhausted after a long day of diving ana swimming against a strong
current. Since they were diving from shore without a boat, the group spotted
a nearby taconite delta to stop and rest on. Duane realized the delta would
not support the group for long so after a short rest, they swam across to a
small island, but left several heavy scuba tanks on the delta. Duane
describes the scene from the refuge of the Island: "We laid on the island
for a few minutes to revive ourselves. We decided to swim back to our gear
and looked over and there was no taconite delta where we were standing. It
was gone. The delta was so unstable that anything on it caused the taconite
to erode. 11 would flake off and go down 500 feet off the edge... We lost our
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three scuba tanks, but we were just happy to be alive," The group swara to
shore and decided never to dive without a boat again. This day of research
proved a little too exciting for this group of scientists. This incident
should eliminate the myth that scientists are boring people who wear white
laboratory coats.
As a result of the Reserve study, other research at the laboratory was
delayed. Chronic toxicity testing continued to be carried out in the
bioassay laboratories with brook trout being exposed to cadmium, lead, and
mercury, The analytical capabilities continued to be upgraded which resulted
in bi oassays being done on organic compounds. Malathion, PCB's, DDT,
diaztrson were some of the first organi c compounds tested at the laboratory,
-1873-
The Reserve Mining studies and subsequent litigation continued to
dorainate the laboratory research. The staff was still heavily involved in
studies to trace the dispersion of taconi te tailings in water supplies served
by Lake Superior arid to determine the biological effects of taconi te
tailings. A major breakthrough that changed the complexion of the study and
court litigation occurred in 1973, Through his research using x-ray and
electron diffraction, Dr. Philip Cook recalls, "In May of 1973, the full
realization came that not only were there taconi te tailings in the drinking
water, but there were fibrous particles there that bore a strong resemblance,
similarity, if not equality to amosite asbestos particles." This discovery
shifted the focus of the court litigation from an ecological issue to human
health concerns,
On June 15, 1973, a U.S. EPA press release warned communities using Lake
Superior as a water supply about the potential dangers. It recommended that
young children not drink the water until further studies were completed,
Region V set up a Field Operations Center at the laboratory to assess the
environmental impact of the on-going research. The political implications of
the human health concerns created new small projects, such as a search for
alternative water supplies, for the laboratory to complete.
-—The -United.., States of America v. Reserve Mining Company began on August 1,
1973, Several laboratory employees testified with Phil Cook leading the
procession of scientists from across the nation to the witness stand. In the
middle of the Intense controversy, Phil remained calm but it wasn't easy: "I
was surprised that I was collected and calm as I was. I was ready for it
(the testimony) by the tine it came. There's nothing like havin( confidence
in what you're testifying." Observers at the trial called Phil the "sharpest
witness the government had." Armond Lemke was also called on to testify.
Despite the objections of Reserve lawyers, Judge Miles Lord allowed Armond to
explain his theory of "green water" to the jury for over an hour, The next
witness, an air photography interpreter, supported Armond fuily with data.
Armond believes, "Reserve was the most exciting project I've been involved
in...no question about it. There was big money riding on it, 1 was right in
the middle of it, and I ended up on the stand". The end result of the
drawn-out court case was resolved when Reserve was required to dispose
taconi te ta i!i ngs on-1and at Mi 1epost Seven. On March 18, 1980, Reserve
Mining ceased discharging taconite tailings into Lake Superior.
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-t 974
As laboratory involvement in the Reserve case was shifting from intense
field studies to the courtroom, other researchers at the laboratory became
involved in numerous technical assistance projects, The Toxic Substance
Hearings were held in Washington, D.C, during the spring of 1974, These
hearings were designed to provide scientific data to support Section 30? of
Public Law 92-500 which addresses the "Toxic and Pretreatment Effluent
Standards." Another form of technical assistance the laboratory provided
during 1974 was the review of proposed Water Quality Criteria, Laboratory
staff made necessary changes and recommendations on the proposed criteria for
a wide range of parameters. These criteria were incorporated into the
enforcement section of Section 304(a) of Public Law 92-500,
The laboratory held its first general open house on April 20, 1974, An
estimated 3,000 people attended.
-1975-
Duririg this year, the laboratory initiated research to determine the
effects of energy-related pollutants on freshwater ecosystems. With the
increased cost and demand for foreign oil, the development rate of domestic
energy sources increased during this period. The laboratory designed and
implemented research to determine the ecological impact of coal and oil
exploration. Projects were started in 1975 that assessed the effects of oil
shale removal, low sulfur coal mining, and the transportation of coal near
aquatic environments.
Work continued on several long-term research projects. The development
of an asbestos fiber analysis continued and bioassays using taconite tailings
were conducted. The pesticide group continued to investigate the effects of
organic compounds on aquatic fish and invertebrates. Another program
assessed the environmental impact of chlorinated sewage effluents on
freshwater organisms.
The Montice1 to Field Station began to study the effects of temperature
gradients on the movement of fish in the experimental channels, The Large
Lakes Research Station (LLRS) became a part of the Duluth laboratory in July,
1.975 when the NERC (National Ecological Research Center) system within '£?k
was disbanded. Under this reorganization, the National Water Quality
Laboratory {NWQL) became the Environmental Research Laboratory-Duiuth
(ERL-D). The laboratory and field stations became part of the EPA Office of
Research and Development, Scientists at LLRS developed mathematical computer
mode 1s to simulate waste !oad effects on water quality in the year 2020,
-1976-
The laboratory underwent a major internal reorganization in early 1978
that converted the aquatic life structure {AL-8 for example) to the research
branch system. The environmental concern of toxic organic chemicals began to
appear on the research horizon, In response to this, the laboratory began to
investigate the causes and locations of synthetic organic compounds across
the nation. The laboratory interfaced two gas chromatography to a mass
spectrometer early in the year to provide the capability of efficient,
computerized analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and
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polychlori-nated biphenyIs (PCBs). This i nstrumencation was used, to analyre
fish samples from across the country. The results of tissue analysis were
developed into the first bi oaccumulation methods.
Another expanded research program started in 1976 was the further
development of embryo/larval-early juvenile toxicity tests. The chronic
effects of pollutants on fish were determined while shortening the
embryo/IarvaI-earIy juvenile exposure time. The indications observed
included batchabiIi ty of eggs, growth, and survival.
-1977-
1 n the year of the tenth anniversary of the laboratory's dedication,
Director Donald 1. Mount predicted future research will seek to minimize
environmental damage rather than e i i mi nate it. The laboratory mission, once
clearly defined as providing scientific data to develop water quality
standards, was in a transitional stage. The director envisioned the research
trend toward diversification and to long-term projects. He also felt that
research data will be used less in direct enforcement actions and more as the
basis for the formation of new regulations.
At the Newtown Fish Toxicology Station (NFTS), sixteen simulated pond
microecosysteras were established to investigate the effect of stress on
ecosystem processes, By measuring several ecological factors such as
photosynthesis and respiration, a total organic carbon budget was estimated.
Scientists at NFTS also evaluated industrial complex effluents by using the
cough-response test with bluegiii sunfish. Biologists also studied the
effects of heavy metal mixtures on fathead minnows with acute toxicity tests,
At Duluth, scientists were developing new apparatus and procedures to
allow for new and more refined data measurements. Procedures using an
electrode chamber to measure fish ventilation rates were developed. The
electrode chamber allowed researchers to distinguish between coughs and.the
more rhythmic opercular movements, A small table top flow-through exposure
system for fish embryo-1arvae tests was designed. The major advantages of
the system included portability, accuracy, and low maintenance.
-LLRS moved - into- i-ts- expanded- fa c-H it-ies- -in--l-i7-7- -which- i ncIuded - an
improved computer area, new chemical arid biological laboratories, and an area
to stage field surveys. Several scientists visited the Soviet Union and
discussed a joint research project with Russian scientists. Our scientists
worked with Soviet researchers and developed a predictive model for Lake
Baikal and the Asov Sea.
-1978-
In 1978, a major effort was invested by scientists at ERL-D, NFTS, MERS,
and the Western Fish Toxicology Laboratory in assisting the Office of Water
and Waste Management, Approximately three-fourths. of the researchers
prepared criteria documents for the Consent Decree Chemicals. After a
comprehensive review of the literature, scientists were only able to assign
criteria values to half the requested chemicals due to conflicting or missing
data. The director described the current situation as, "It seems that the
more we know about a toxic material, the more difficult it is to establish a
cri teria for it." "
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The 21s C Conference of the International Association for Great Takes
Research was held i n Windsor, Ontario on May 9-11, 1976- LLRS scientists
presented papers describing simulation models for Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron,
that calculated the mass balance for cadmium, zinc, and phosphorus. Two
papers were joint presentations between LLRS researchers and Soviet
scientists that described models of Lake Baikal and the Azov Sea in the
USSR. The first issue of our i n-house weekly newsletter called ERL-P
Fish!i ne came out December t, 1978.
-1979-
In early 1979, Dr. Donald I. Mount resigned as director of the
laboratory. Don's res i gnat i on was prompted by his desire to get back into
the research he enjoys. Deputy Director J. David Yount was appointed as
Acting Director.
Acid rain research was the newest program at the laboratory in 1979. The
research team was busy sampling lakes in northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and
Michigan to build a comprehensive data base for the region. Scientists at
MERS were investigating the effects of an acidic aquatic environment
simulated in the outdoor channels on plants and fathead minnows.
ERL-D research continued to explore the effects of toxic synthetic
chemicals on the envi ronroent. Biologists conducted bIoassays on chemical
class compounds, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and phenols, instead of a
particular toxicant, Chemists discovered new contaminants in environmental
samples using GC/MS instrumentation. Scientists at the NFTS generated a list
of 24 priority pollutants identified frequently in municipal wastewaters.
Studies to assess the impact of these pollutants on aquatic ecosystems were
planned,
-1980-
Dr, Norbert A. Jaworski arrived in Duluth in April as the second director
of the laboratory. The new director believed, "Current efforts include not
only a greater emphasis on the effects of water-borne toxic pollutants on
aquatic life, but also on the effects of pollutants from atmospheric and
solid residue sources.'" Laboratory research-continued-addressing the acid
rain concern. Data from extensive field surveys were compiled into computer
models that demonstrated the widespread effects of acid rain. Chemists
continued to moni tor the environment by analyzing samples for trace organic
residues. Bioassa/ testing shifted from the long-term chronic experiments to
acute testing. Ninety-six hour LC50 concentrations were determined for toxic
substances that pose a human health hazard. Toxicity information from these
tests was used to study structure-activity relationships and develop
criterion documents.
-1981-
The new research in 1981 included the development of site-specific water
quality criteria. Using a combination of the existing national waterquality
criteria and the site-specific biological and chemical characteristics,
scientists developed a system to calculate new site-specific criteria. The
program also called for -a review of literature to generate criteria documents
for water quality standards.
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The structure activity research program described a rapid method to
relate the structure of a chemical to its toxicity. The toxicity of six
major classes of industrial chemicals was related to the n-octanel/water
partition coefficient (Log P). Scientists developed a rapid method to
determine Leg P using a high pressure liquid chromatograph, The Log P value
not only allows for an estimation of chemical toxicity, but also
bioaccumulat ion, water solubility, and soil absorption coefficients.
In late 1181, the Hazardous Waste Research Branch was formed at ERL-D.
The objectives of the branch were to {1) evaluate the toxicities of chemicals
associated with hazardous wastes, (2) develop short-term pred i ct i ve tests for
chronic effects, (3) evaluate factors which influence the bioavailability of
hazardous substances.
-1982-
At MERS, scientists dosed outdoor channels with pentachlorophenoI (POP)
to field validate water quality criteria values. The study investigated the
effects of PCP on fish, snails, periphyton, and primary production, A PCP
fate study was started in September, In an effort to organize the
proliferating toxicity data, ERL-D scientists computerized results froa
literature. The AQU1RF, (Aquatic information Retrieval data base) evaluating
single chemicals, grew to 29,950 data^entries for 1,769 organisms. The data
base evaluated 1,758 chemicals which included a "quality of test data"
ratings and ft quality assurance test. To compile complex effluent data,
researchers developed the CET1S (Complex Effluent Toxicity Information
System) data base and evaluated 750 tests in 1982.
ERL-D scientists Continued to develop methodology for aquatic for aquatic
toxicity testing, Flow-through CIadocer&n test methods were developed using
PCP and ammonia as toxicants. Acute toxicity tests provided data for the
structure-activity program and biologists investigated testing multiple
toxicants. Comparative toxicity studies demonstrated that for compounds with
an LC50 greater than 0.1 mg/l, the toxicity among various fish species varies
within only a factor of two. Therefore, a fish was considered a consistent
test species.
-1983-
To field validate methodologies for risk assessment, the Pesticide
Research Branch started a pond study using the mosquito insecticide Dursban.
The research team studied the effects on non-target organisms, the recovery
of the natural environ«ent, and the residue levels in fish, water, and
sediment. Related laboratory work included the investigation of biological
control agents. The study developed techniques to test the effects and
survival of biological control agents on freshwater organisms. In related
work, microcosms were evaluated as a tool to assess ecological hazards.
The predictive toxicology capability of ERL-D increased as scientists
searched for new methods to evaluate the distribution of chemicals in test
organisms. In the surrogate species research, researchers identified the
metabolites of organic chemicals In fish organs and fluids, This work
developed the dose-response and modes of action relationships which were
linked to structure-activity models. The goal of this research was to allow
scientists to prediet the bioavailability, bioaccumutation, and the acute
mode of toxicity of any organic chemical.
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=T984,^-
To evaluate specific sites for wa te r qua Ii ty problems, the Water Quality
Research Branch developed rapid methods to assess the toxicity of complex
effluents in the field, Researchers evaluated nine field studies and
demonstrated a relationship between complex effluent toxicity and biological
impact. Protocol for the laboratory evaluation of combined pollutants were
developed and these results were incorporated in water quality regulations.
ERL-D researchers also started another major field project in 1984. To
assess the biological impacts of acid precipitation, researchers separated
the two major basins of Little Rock Lake in Wisconsin. After acidifying one
lake basin, scientists monitored chemical and biological conditions to
determine the impact of low pH, Diverse studies investigating many
ecological aspects including productivity, nutrient cycling, hydrology, and
benthi c communities were conducted. By simulating the acid rain problem,
ERL-D research responded to a major area of concern of the general public.
Dr. Rosemari e C, Russo, Associate Director of Research Operations, became
Director of ERL-Athens in August, 1984.
-1885-
After several years of steady progress, the National Dioxin Study
completed Phase t in 1985, ERL-D was part of a research "Troika" that
included the ECL-Bay St. Louis and RTP-North Carolina. Using a state-of-the-
art high resolution mass spectrometer, ERL-D scientists analyzed water,
sediment, fish, and other environmental samples frost across the country to
identify the dioxin "hotspots". In conjunction with this research, ERL-D
biologists conducted dioxin bioassayx in the new high hazard containment
facility. These studies not only measured the tonicity of di oxi ns to aquatic
organisms, but also the uptake and depuration of dioxin.
Water quality criteria documentation for the support of standards and
permits was a major project during 1985. Researchers produced water quality
criteria documents for copper, ammonia, chlorine, arsenic, cyanide, lead,
mercury, cadmium, aluminum, and chromium from literature value, In
laboratory studies, biologists conducted metal mixtures bioassays to
de-termi-ne--i f quality .eri teria-could-be.-der-ived for multiple., toxicants. ....
ERL-D employees farmed a volunteer group, the Committee Handling
Environmental and Aesthetic Projects (CHEAP), to spruce up the grounds around
the laboratory, CHEAP planted over 100 shrubs and trees between the parking
lot and railroad tracks to create a natural: habitat for anitna i s. The
volunteers also constructed and erected bird houses to attract b1ue birds and
purple martins.
-1886-
The development of data to support water quality standards and permits
continued in 1966. Water Quality Criteria Documents were produced for
pentachlorophenoi, dursban, nickel, dissolved oxygen, zinc, selenium,
toxaphene, and chloride. The Water Quality Research Branch completed reports
that described the results of field toxicity testing at sites.across the
nation and in Sweden. Scientists in this branch also continued to develop
node 1 s to evaluate site-specific water quality criteria. Phase 11 of the
National Dioxin Study began in early 1986. This study was designed to
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further assess specific probI em sites located .in Phase I. Researchers,
analyzed samples for other organic contaminants including PCB's and 65
industrial compounds.
Dr. Jaworski was transferred to ERL-Na rraganse 11 in early 1986 to become
the Director, and Or, Oilman D. Veith was named Acting Director at ERL-D, [ ti
July 1986, Bernard R, Jones retired as Associate Director for Program
Operations and was replaced by Judy L. Stagner.
-1967-
[n April, 1907, Dr. Oilman P. Veith was named the third director of
ERL-D. Dr. Veith felt, "using fish as screening models will take ERL-Duluth
research out of the narrow arena of being an aquatic toxi cological research
laboratory and into the mainstream of cancer research including solving
predictive, mechanistic, screening, and assessment problems--a 1 I aspects".
Under the reorganization, Dr. Philip Cook was named Associate Director for
Research Operations and Nelson A. Thomas was named Senior Advisor for
National Programs. The laboratory celebrated its 20th year of public
service. Festivities started by having local neighbors come in for
refreshments and a spec i a 1 tour of the lab. We then hosted an open house for
other envi ronmentaI scientists followed by an open house for the general
public. Approximately 1,500 people toured the lab. Clarence Tarzwe i1,
considered the founding director, was one of the lab's special guests. The
event wound up by hav i ng an all-staff picnic at Lester Park.
Research activities covered a wide span of subject matter. Drafts of 12
new Water Quality Criteria Documents were submitted to headquarters. Three
environmentalists from China studied, bi oassay procedures here, and we sent
four biologists to China to help them set up a toxicity testing laboratory.
The Great Lakes Program continued to study the sources and fate effects
of toxic substances in the Great Lakes, Their w.ork also included mass
balance models for toxics in freshwater systems.
Hazardous waste investigations included studies on QSAR toxicity
prediction model's, toxicity of solid wastes, toxic mode-of-action and the
availability of dloxin in the aquatic food chain. The similarity of
fish/mamraaltan toxicity also continued to be investigated. " "
k special workshop (technology transfer) was held at Duluth by the
Pesticide Research Branch, The workshop was entitled "Aquatic Field
Testing; Experimental Mesocosms and Field Techniques" and was attended by
experts on aquatic field research from the pesticide industry, academic,
private consulting firms and government agencies.
Toxic chemical testing and assessment combined with comparative
toxicology studies, structure-activity relationships and estimation
techniques. Microcosm and field sites were used to help in the hazard
assessment of chemicals and in predictive ecosystem resiliency,
A new in-house group was formed called NETAC—National Effluent Taxi city"
Assessment Center, Their goals and activities will be highlighted in 1988,
The Committee Handling Environmental Aesthetic Projects (CHEAP} helped
enhance our work environment by planting rose bushes, cedars, flowering crab
trees and over 100 fruit tree seedlings. The entry sign was repainted and
the base was replanted with hosta, potent ilia and junipers amid crushed
1 iiaestone,
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Part II. History of ERL-D: Profile of Federal Career Employe
1 Employees with three or more years of service at this laboratory,
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"ATI en,"~K'ath'l eeV"
Kathy is a physical science aid and began her career at the Montice11o
Ecological Research Station in March, 19??. She is p r i ma r i1y. res pons i bIe For
performing chemical analysis of samples from laboratory tests and outdoor
stream studies. She also serves as QA Officer.
Alii son, Dona Id T.
Before comi ng,to the lab, Don worked for the USFWS at Jackson Hole,
Wyoming. He began working here in May, 1971 as a research fishery biologist
in the pesticide research group. He left here in September, 1978 and was
last known to be living in Florida.
Anderson, Leroy E.
Leroy came to ERt-D in 1970 as a biological aid. He worked in the \ai*
Rain Research Group where he analyzed samples on the ion chromatograph He *
is currently a chemist in the Pesticide Research Branch.
Anderson, Richard L.
Dick received his Ph.D. from Iowa State University in the field of
entomology and insect physiology. He came to the lab In 1971 as an
entomologist. Most of his efforts revolve around the development of
experiments to determine acute and chronic effects of pollutants on aquatic
invertebrates. His studies cover both lab and field investigations,
Andrew, Robert W,
Bob received a M.S. from Ohio State University in i960. He was one of
the "originals" starting work at ERL-D in May, 1986 as a research chemist.
Bob helped build the very first Mount-Smogs di later at NWQL and conducted
toxicity tests of cadmium to perch. This was the first use of a solenoid to
control flow to a diluter. Bob also purchased the first programmable
calculator in late 1866. He reports that "it was too large to set on a desk
top". He always had an interest in computers and made the specs for the
lab's first real computer {a DEC 11/70) which was installed in 1980. Bob
transferred to the Monticello Ecological Research Station (MN) where he
remains today.
Arthur, John W.
"-Ja'ck""j oi'n'e'd' the" laboratory J n i'967~after worki-ng"-three--ycars--with the
U.S. Public Health Service in the Twin Cities, He coordinated the Aquatic
Bioassay Research Team and studied chronic effects of toxicants on aquatic
invertebrates at ERL-D. He transferred to Monticello in 1974 as an aquatic
entomologist. He served as chief of MERS from from 1378 until 1987 when he
returned to ERL-D to conduct watershed studies.
Batterman, Mian R,
KI is living proof that you can "go back home". In his first stint at
the lab in 1971 through 1973, A1 helped build fish exposure units. He then
transferred to the Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory in Las
Vegas, Nevada. In 1979, A1 returned to ERL-D where his main research
emphasis has been in the area of bioavailability, He has also managed the
electron microscope, photographyroom,and the Abatement and Containment
Faci1i ty.
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Beedy, Dean £.
Dean began as a maintenance helper in 1971; promoted to Procurement Clerk
in I872 and later to Administrative Assistant. He left the lab in 1976 to
accept a job with the City of Duluth at the WISSD.
Be 11, Henry L.
Henry started working at the lab in 1967 as a biological research
assistant. Re was promoted to a research aquatic biologist just prior to his
leaving in September, 1971. Henry accepted a job with EPA-Region 8 in
Denver, Colorado,
Bene i t, Duane A.
Duane started his federal service as a pesticide inspector with the Dept.
of Agriculture. He was one of the "early birds" arid started working here in
November, 1968, He is one of the few that began working at 01d Main {UMO)
while the lab was being constructed. Some of his early experiences included
working on commercial fishing boats during fish surveys and collecting
spawn. He is also known for exploding an Easter egg in the microwave oven.
That incident woke op a few people in the lunchroom. 4s a research
biologist, Duane was instrumental in the development of new test protocols
and test systems to evaluate the effects of toxicants on aquatic life.
Biesinger, Kenneth E.
Ken began his career with the Federal Government as a biologist in
September, 1967 after receiving his Ph.D. in Limnology from the Uni vers i ty of
Michigan. He coordinated the invertebrate toxicology team at ERL-D during
the late I960's and throughout the 1970's. Dr. Biesinger has studied the
effects of organic and inorganic pollutants on Daohni a, magna over the years.
He retired in 1988.
Boettcher, Floyd
F1oyd started his federal career with the U.S. Corp of Engineers. He cane
to the lab in July of 1980 as a mai ntenance mechanic. He was promoted to
building maintenance mechanic in 1970 and then to engineering technician in
1972. He currently is a physical science technician helping to set-up
effluent toxicity tests in the field using a mo bile bioassay trailer.
' Bralb~uryr'SteWn P.
Steve completed his Ph.D. in Toxicology and Entomology at Iowa State
University in 1985. He started at the laboratory in October, 1985 as a
Research Biologist - Toxi cologi st and is studying toxic mechani sms and
metabolism of xenobiotics.
Bra'/.ner, John C.
John received his M.S. in Ecology from Syracuse University and came to
ERL-D in 1984. John has been involved with the pond studies in the pesticide
group. He currently manages the littoral enclosure studies conducted near
the Duluth airport and is investigating the effects of pesticides on the
diets and growth of 1 arval/juveni1e fish.
Broderius, Steven J
Steve completed his Ph.D. in 1973 at Oregon State University. His first
job was with the University of Minnesota where he worked on the effects of
cyanide and other toxicants on aquatic life. He came to the lab in 1978 as a
Research Aquatic Biologist and studied the joint toxicity of mixtures
chemical to fish. He currently serves as Chief of the Toxic Substances
Research Branch,
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8rungs» Wi11iam k.
Bill received^his Ph.D, from Oregon State University in 1982, In 136?,
he was placed in charge of the Newtown (OH) Fish Toxicology Field Station.
He transferred to Du1uth in 1971 as a research aquatic biologist and
assistant to the Director (later Quality Criteria}. Bill served as
coordinator for water quality criteria and technical liaison to state arid
regional pollution personnel. He accepted the position as Director of the
EPA Narragansett Research Laboratory in 1980.
Butterworth, Brian
Brian began his EPA career in 1986 after working for UWS for many years.
He operates and maintains the high resolution mass spectrometer.
Carlson, Anthony R.
Known to everyone as Ron, he began his career with the laboratory in 1969
after working for two years with the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and
Wildlife. In his early years, Ron studied the spawning and culture rates of
several fish species. During the time he received his M.S. in Fisheries
Science from Oregon State University, Ron studied the effects of reduced
dissolved oxygen levels on yellow perch, black crappi es, and channel
catfish. Ron has also investigated the effects of complex effluents and
heavy metaIs on aquatic organisms. He served as President of the Minnesota
Chapter of the American Fisheries Society in 1981 and is Program Manager of
the Envi ronmenta i Effects on Toxicity Program.
Carlson, Richard W.
Dick started at the laboratory In 1970 as a Research Aquatic Biologist.
Over the years, he has investigated the correlation between toxic chemical
concentrations and the cough or gill purge rate in fish. Through lab
approved schooling, Dick became knowledgeable in the field of electronics,
especially in setting up automated systems for measuring physiological
changes in fish exposed to toxicants, Dick is currently working in the
metabolism area using rainbow trout.
Christensen, Glenn
Glenn received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1958 and was a professor at
UMD until 1968. He began his federal career in 1986 while the laboratory was
sti 11 based at Old-Main. - The majority of Glenn's .research..involved..analyzing,
fish blood for various enzymes and heavy metals. He is currently working
with the metabolism group investigating chemicals for mode of action.
Cook, Philip M,
Phil received his Ph.D. in Inorganic Physical Chemistry from the
University of Wisconsin and came to the laboratory in 1872. Phil was
specifically hired to be a technical coordinator on the Reserve Mining
study. Through his research and expert testimony, Phii played a crucial role
in the lengthy litigation proceedings. The EPA awarded Phi 1 a Scientific
Achievement Aware in I960 for his research on the discovery, identification,
and measurement of asbestos fibers. Phil served as Chief of the Hazardous
Waste Research Branch and is currently Associate Director for Research
Operations';—
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Dawson. Wa iIy f,
¦- Wa 1 1 / served as the electrician and electronic technician from 1967 to
1970. He was employed by the Corp of Engineers prior to coming here. He
designed several unique electronic devices for controlling bioassay
apparatus, . He retired in 1978 and continues to live in Duiuth, MN.
DeFoe, David L,
Dave began his career here in 1869 as a biological technician, He was
later promoted to biologist and became a specialist in constructing
dilutees. He is currently helping to conduct toxicity tests using raedaka.
Denny, Jeffrey S,
Jeff received his M.S. in 1984 from the University of Minnesota-DuIuth in
the field of Envi ronmental Biology. He started at the laboratory in late
1983 and is currently responsible for the fish culture unit,
Druramond, Robert A.
Bob received his M.S. from Colorado State University. He was employed by
the Colorado Fish k Game Dept. and the Michigan Dept. of Conservation as a
Fisheries Biologist before coming to the lab In 1968. He developed the fish
cough response test. He holds the dubious distinction of being the only
biologist to mis-plumb his apparatus and divert city water (chlorinated)
throughout the lab killing the "Director's fish". He served as Acting Chief
of the Hazardous Wastes Research Branch from 1979 to 1182, He currently is
involved with classifying chemicals according to mode of action using
behavioral indices and is developing a scientific out-reach program for the
lab.
Durban, Elizabeth
Liz began her. EPA career in 1986 after working for UffS for several
years. She is currently a chemist in the Water Quality Branch and develops
methods for the analysis of complex effluents,
Eaton, John G,
John began his career with the Federal Government as an Aquatic Biologist
at the Newtown Laboratory in 1966. He transferred to Duiuth in 1970 and
became head of the Pesticide Section in 1971, While heading up this group,
John investigated the chronic toxicity of pesticides and heavy metals on
bluegill and other aquatic species. He currently manages the Acid Rain
Biological Effects Research Program at ERL-D which investigates the effects
of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems.
Endicott, Douglas D,
Environmental engineer at ERL-D's Large Lakes Envi ronmental Research
Station at Grosse lie, MI.
Endi cott, Glenwood R.
Glen started here in December, 1970 as a building maintenance mechanic.
He continued to expand his knowledge and is now in charge ef all physical
facilities and maintenance activities.
Eri ckson, RusseI1
Russ received his Ph.D. in Oceanography and Limnology from the University
of Wisconsin in 1900. He began his EPA career as a Research Chemist/Chemical
Modeler in 1964 after working three years at the laboratory on contract.
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Russ designs computer models that' predict chemical toxicity based on water
chemistry parameters and also assists in the development of water quality
criteria.
Fi andt, James T.
Jin has been a chemist at the laboratory s i nee 1971. He has provided a
wide range of chemistry support for biologists throughout the years, He is
currently working on the fluctuating concentration study in the Water Quality
Branch.
Fi tkens, John C,
Biologist at ERL-D's Large Lakes Research Station at Grosse lie, Mf,
Freeman, Fred
Fred started at ERL-D in 1977 after transferring here from the Lexington
Lab in Region I. He has been the person in charge of meeting the safety
regulations for existing laboratories and in the design of new laboratories.
He is currently in charge of the Health Monitoring Program for laboratory
employees and Safety Program Manager,
Glass, Gary E,
Gary received his Ph.D. in Inorganic/Analytical Chemistry from the
University of Minnesota in 1967. After a post-doctoral at the University of
Wisconsin, he came to the laboratory as an analytical chemist in 1968. He
has conducted a wide variety of chemistry research projects such as: Reserve
Mining studies, disinfection of effluents research, acid rain studies and
global pollutant studies. He served as supervisory research chemistry and
Chief of the Knergy/Snvi ronmenta i Research Branch from 1981 to 1984. He
currently is responsible for identifying, defining and formulating research
approaches and objectives for the solution of water quality problems
concerning the USEPA.
Goldman, Michael J,
Mike started at ERL-D in 1 974- as an Engineering Technician. In 1977, he
was promoted to Maintenance Mechanic. Mike maintains, repairs and fabricates
equipment and experimental apparatus for use by the scientific staff.
Male, Join G.
John started in 1967 as an Aquatic Biologist-Fisheries. He was in charge
of culture and rearing of all aquatic test organisms before leaving here.
John moved to Denver, Colorado In 1971 to work for EPA-Region 8.
Hal 1ifan, Barbara J,
Barb started in May of 1989 as a biological aid. Daring her tenure here,
she worked in pesticides, ran the fathead minnow culture unit for many years
and served as the graphic artist for the laboratory. She retired in March of
1985 and lives with her husband Bob in Duluth. She currently works part-time
at the lab under the ARRP Program.
Hammermeister, Dean
Dean received his "M.S. in Natural-Resources— filter 8eiener~f-rout--the
University of Wi scons in-Stevens Point in 1931,. After working for UWS for
seven years, he began his EPA career in April, 1986 as a chemist. He
currently leads the analytical group lor the toxicity testing team in the
Toxic Substances Research Branch,
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Harden, Mary ,,
Mary Cook on the job as librarian in May of 1974, She held this position
during her tenure at the lab. In June, 1988, Mary elected to retire and move
to Sumner, WA.
Hedtke, Steven F,
Steve received his Doctorate in Environmental Sciences and Engineering at
the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. His EPA career started in
1971 at ORD Headquarters. In 1972, he transferred to ERL-D to work on oil
and complex effluent pollution. He returned to Chapel Hill from 1975 to 1977
to receive long-term training in ecology. From 187? to I982, Steve worked at
the Newtown Fish Toxicology Station, Ohio on complex effluents and ecological
testing using microcosms. In 1982, he moved to the Monti ee11o Ecological
Research Station (MN) to do field evaluation of laboratory toxicity
predictions. He was promoted to Chief of this facility in 1986 and continues
to serve in this capacity,
Henry, Thomas P.
Tom began working at the Montice11o Ecological Research Station in August
of 1974. He is a snaintenance mechanic and keeps everything repaired and
running when riot giving the biologists a helpful hand.
Herman, Donald I,
This gentleman started working here in 1088 as a microbiologist, He was
less than honest regarding his professional qualifications and was persuaded
to leave the lab in 1972.
Herman, Lawrence J.
Larry came to us by way of the USFWS in South Dakota. He started in
October, 1971 as a biological lab technician. If a person needed any special
type of bioassay apparatus, Larry could design and build it. He was very
talented in this area and many pieces of equipment bear his brand
"Handcrafted by LJH". He currently is in charge of the Lab Services Support
Group.
He ma nut z, Roger
. "Rog" q.asifi_.on. board at ERL-D as_.|._research aquatic biologist in May jof
1970, He transferred to the Monti ce1lo Ecological Re search Stat i on (MN) in
September of 1978. His current major assignment involves fisheries studies
using the station's experimental stream channels.
Highland, Terry L.
Terry started in October, 1978 as a clerk-typist. After many years of
typing and peering into a computer screen, she decided it was time for a
career change. In February, 1988 she began an upward mobility program which
qualified her for the position of biological lab technician. She currently
holds that title.
Hilden, Donald A.
•¦Don was another one-o-f- the.."-original" aquatic biologists and started here
in 1967, One of his main duties was to coordinate the rearing and
propagation of fish species for laboratory tests. He left here in September
of 1969 to accept a position in Washington, DC.
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• Hoffman, Alex D. • . . . . . ...
Alex began his EPA career in 1988 after working for UWS. He is a chemist
in the Hazardous Waste Research Branch,
Hokanson, Kenneth E. F.
Ken received his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1968. He came
to the Du]uth lab that same year as a research aquatic biologist, from 1973
to 1978, he served as Chief of the Monticeilo Ecological Research Station.
He returned to hands-on research (1078-83) and extensive literature synthesis
on the effects of thermal variations on fish populations. In 1983, he was
reassigned to the DuIuth lab and is currently working on the cause of walleye
recruitment failure in the fox River (WI) and a thermal criteria document for
aqua tic life.
Holcombe, Gary W,
Gary began his career with the Federal Government in 1970 as a Research
Aquatic Biologist. He has conducted aquatic b i oassays for several research
teams and has developed and evaluated new test methodologies for freshwater
aquatic organisms. Recently, Gary has investigated how multiple aquatic
species can be tested simultaneously.
Horning, Wi11 I am B.
Bill began as a research biologist Irs May, 1888, He headed up one of our
first field research projects at Bayport, MN later this year. In July, 1971
Bill accepted the position as Chief of the Newtown Toxicolog i cal Station at
Newtown, OH. The now "classic" Shayier Ran Field/Lab Research Project (OH)
was carried out under his guidance. Because of a reorganization in 19??,
Bill moved over to the Heaith Effects Laboratory in Cincinnati. He continued
aquatic testing there-* to help characterize the quality of final treated
effluents.
Hunt, Evelyn P.
Evelyn started her career at the laboratory in 1968 &s a biologist and
has been involved with the biochemical metabolism research.- She developed
the Occupational Health Program at ERL.-D and served as the i n-house
writer/editor. Currently, as the Technical Information Manager at the
laboratory, .Evelyn edits and processes research manuscripts.
Idlett, George D.
He was known to all of us as "Doug", He was the 'original' facilities
manager {General Engineer) starting in 1187. He continued in this position
until June, 1971 when he accepted a similar job in Washington, DC,
Inlay, Marc J.
Marc was the lab's expert on clams, He started working here in 1987, tn
June, 1972 he moved to Washington, DC and worked for endangered species
(clams in particular) for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
jackson, Edna C.
Edna_.served as the first secretary to the first lab director beginning
November, 1987. She retired in 1970 and moved to Wisconsin with her husband
Harry (first maintenance mechanic).
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Jackson, Harry T.
Harry was another "original" employee starting here in 1987 as Che head
building maintenance mechanic, He and Edna commuted to work from lake
Nebagamon, W! where they retired to in 1970,
J a r v i n e n, Alfred W.
A1 began his federal career in 1971 after completing his M.S. in Fishery
Biology at the University of Minnesota, As a member of the Pesticide Branch,
he has profiled various pesticides and has been active in providing
laboratory support for the pesticide pond studies. Ai is currently
investigating the effects of pesticide pulse-dose relationships in toxicity
tests.
Jaworski, Norbert A.
"Norb" received his Ph.D., in Water Resources Management from the
University of Michigan in 1968, After serving as Deputy Director of the
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park for
five years, Norb was selected as Director of ERt-D in 1980, He was
responsible for the BRL-D portion of the National Di oxi n Study and received
an EPA gold medal for this work in 1985. Norb assumed directorship of the
Narrag&nsett Laboratory in 1988.
Johnson, JacquaIine
Jackie started working at the Monticello Ecological Research Station (MN)
in 1979 as an Administrative Assistant. Her job activities range from
secretarial to data entry. She also serves on several health and human
resources committees,
Johnson, Rodney 0.
Rod received his "Ph.D. in Zoology and Physiology from the University of
Wyoming in 1932. He came to the laboratory in 1985 as ft hi stopatho1ogist.
Rod is currently Involved in the raedaka research in the Hazardous Waste
Research Branch,
Johnson, Ruby L.
Ruby was one of the originals and started working here in 196?, She
later became executive secretary to the laboratory Director. She was
i natal leS'ToFT" SecOTd~tferi*"W''VP~i>f"*the 'M i nine sot*-Arrow* -Chapter-o f—the —
National Secretaries Association, international. Ruby has produced many
beautiful watercolors in her spare time. She retired in January, 1981 and
lives with her husband Bob in Duiuth,
Jones, Barnard R,
After many years of service with the Minnesota Department of Conser-
vation, Barney elected to start a second career with with us. He began in
1967 serving as Chief of the A1-6 Environmental Requi reraents of Fishes
Research Team. He was promoted to Associate Di rector of Program Operations
where he remained until retiring, Barney retired in June of 1986 and lives
with his wife Mary in Duiuth.
Katko, A) "
A1 began his career in 1980 as an aquatic biologist with the USPHS (Taft
Center) in Cincinnati. In 1962 he transferred to Region 9 and worked on a
water reclamation project out of San Diego, From 1965-1972 he moved to
regional headquarters and helped study Che effect of the Joaquin River master
drain on the upper San Francisco Bay, He then moved to the Corval1i s lab in
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1972 to work'on the National Eutrophiration Survey until 1986. He-was
subsequently transferred to ERL-D to help conduct research studies on ¦
watershed ecosystems.
Kaufman, Re i nhardt R,
Reinhardt began his federal career as an electrician in November, 1978.
He obtained a degree in business administration in order to change careers.
He is now a management analyst.
Knuth, Michael L,
Mike received his M.S. degree in Natural Resources from the University of
Wisconsin-Stevens Point in 1979. He began his chemistry career at UWS in
1976 arid jointed the ERL-D staff in November, 1984, Mike is currently in
charge of the analytical services for the Pesticide Research Branch.
Kleiner, Charles F.
Chuck began his career as a research aquatic biologist in Duluth in
1980. He transferred to the MonticeI!o Fieid Station in 1973, In 1978 he
transferred back to the Duluth lab. He has a strong background in
electronics {e.g., Internal fish tags) and Is currently conducting toxicity
tests in the Water Qua 1i ty Branch.
Klovstad, John R.
John came on line in March of 1968 as a supply technician. From this •
date until he died in September, 1981, John ran the stockroom with great
efficiency. He also was an avid fan of baseball and cars.
Kreis, Russell G.
Research Aquatic Biologist at ERL-D's Large Lakes Research Station at
Grosse lie, MI.
Kuehl, Douglas W.
Doug received hi s M.S. In Organic Cherci stry from the University of
Minnesota-Duluth in 1971 and began at the laboratory that same year. He has
been the laboratory expert in mass spectrometry and has twice been detailed
to Florida universities to share his ideas with other researchers. Doug led
the ERL-D analytical phase of the EPA National Dioxin Study and was awarded a
gold medal for his efforts in 1984. He is currently involved with Phase Two
of the national study which studies other priority pollutants.
Larson, Patricia A.
Pat ctme to ERL-D in 1977 as a cIerk-typist. She served as laboratory
receptionist during her years here. She transferred to Dallas in July, 19B4,
Lemke, Armond E.
Armond is the original ERL-D employee. He arrived in Duluth on Labor Day
1964 and was stationed at the French River Hatchery until May, 1985. At that
time, Armond moved what little equipment he had to the old home economics
department at UMD Old Main. While at Old Main, Armond and Alan Nebeker
studied the effects of temperature on several fish species.
Armond was responsible for building the first diluters used at ERL-D. He
worked closely with Don Mount on this work and states, "Don Mount influenced
me the most at the lab. He could pick out something that needed doing and 1
would do it".
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Armond has worn many hats at ERL-D ranging from research b i o I o 5 i i t to
quality control officer Co contract coordinator. Of all the proj ec t s A rmond
lias worked on, he believes, "Reserve was the most exciting — no question about
tt. There was big money riding on it, I was right i n the middle of it and !
ended up on the stand".
Leonard, Edward N.
Ed started here in November of 1987 as a chemist. "Steady Eddie" has
been the backbone of many laboratory experiments using AA, GC and HPLC
equipment in his chemical analyses. He continues contri but i ng to the lab
using these skills,
Lewis (Strumreiter), Mary J,
Mary Strumre i ter started at the lab as a librarian in October, 1968. She
married Dick Lewis in January of 1888, She then took a job as librarian in
Oregon In May of 1974.
Lewis, Richard E,
Dick came on board in November of 19S7 and served as a general mechanic
for the lab. He left here in 1974 when his wife Mary took a job in Oregon.
Lien, Gregory J,
Greg began his EPA career in 1980 as a biological laboratory aid. He
subsequently was promoted to the position of biologist and currently holds
that job.
Linder, Sherry E,
From 1971-73 Sherry held the job of clerk-stenographer at this lab. In
1974 she accepted a position at the Duluth Ai rforce Base and stayed with them
until 1979. She then returned to ERL-D and was stationed at Mont i ce110, MN
(HERS) as Aduinistrative Assistant, In 1980 she returned to Duluth as
personnel assistant and holds this job at present. Making travel
reservations is not her speciality—she once tried to book Phil Cook into a
nursing home instead of .a rsoteI,
Lothenbach, Douglas
Doug started at ERL-D in 1980' as a biological Sab tech and has worked in
the. Hazardo.us._Was_te Research Br.anch._ He oper.ates the el ectron. micrpscope and _
conducts aquatic bioassays. Doug plays, coaches, and; officiates volleyball
in his "spare" time.
Lubratovich, Michael D.
"Mike" served as Director of the Duluth Water and Gas Dept. before coming
to the lab in 1967. He served as Assistant Director and was in charge of ail
facilities until he retired in 1877,
Mattson, Vincent R.
V i nee began his federal career as a biologist in 1966 while the
laboratory operations were still based at HMD Old Main. As a benchmark
project, he and A rmond Lemke surveyed area rivers to determine what
invertebrate species were present. Vince has conducted aquatic bioassays and
developed new methods for testing, Vinee is currently investigating the
effects of sediment toxicity on aquatic organisms,
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McCo rmi ck', J Howa rd '' - "
Howard is one of the original laboratory employees coming to Duluth in
1967 after he received his M.S. from Colorado State University. He studied
the thermal requirements of fish at different life stages in the early
years. He is currently, investigating the impact acidic environments have on
freshwater organisms,
McKira, James M.
Jim received his Ph.D. in 1966 in Fisheries and Environmental Health from
the University of Michigan. He began n - federal career in 1966 as a
Research Aquatic Biologist. Jim has participated in many different research
proj ects. He investigated brook trout reproduction through the use of
chronic toxicity tests. He extensively studied the embryo larval stage of
fish species to determine the link to chemical toxicity. He ai so studied how
taconite tailings affected the primary productivity in Lake Superior. For
this work, Jim received an EPA Group Bronze Medal in 1975. Jim was awarded
an Innovative Research Award in 1979 and learned techniques that would allow
him to study metabolic and mode of act i on parameters more thoroughly. In
recent years, Jim's research interests involved predictive toxicology. In
1984, he received the EPA Scientific Achievement in recognition of
outstanding accomplishments in aquatic toxicology.
Mediin, Mi Idred H.
Millie came to us by way of the J.S. Air Force—Duiuth Ai r Base in
January, 1972. She was hired as our purchasing agent and performs these same
duties today.
Miller, Sy1via K.
SyS via started in, 1974, transferring to EPA from years with the DOD
Duluth Air Force Base, positions ranging from secretary to administrative
technician. .She was hired as a clerk-steno and is currently the secretary
for the Associate Director of Research Operations.
Mount, Donald I.
Don is one of the pioneers in aquatic toxicology. He began his federal
career in I960 after receiving his Ph.D. in Physiology and Toxicology from
Ohio-State University ffhi le working for the U.S. Public Heal th_S.e.ry_L.c.e, i n
1963, Don investigated the Mississippi River fish kill near New Orleans.
Fish were dying from convulsions in the delta country where oi1 barges are
loaded. After conducting a series of toxicity tests, Don traced the cause of
the fish kill to Endrin contamination from a chemical manufacturer in
Memphis. The success of thi s study resulted in Don being considered for the
directorship of the laboratory.
At the dedication ceremonies on August i1, 1987, Don Mount was named the
first di rector of the National Water Quality Laboratory. In the early years,
Don was involved in helping set water quality standards for the regions and
the state. Water quality standards were derived from toxicity tests
conducted using di1uters designed by Don.
The first project the laboratory became involved in was the Reserve
Mining Case. As director of the laboratory, Don testified at numerous
meetings and court appearances concerning the subsequent litigation. During
the summer of 1972, Don directed the entire staff effort toward the Reserve
study. During his tenure as d i rector, Don continued his desire to study
aquatic toxicology and worked closely with Dr. Wi111 am Brungs to develop
better testing methods.
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In 1979, Don resigned as director of the laboratory but remairted on aY a
senior researcher, During this time, Don developed testing methods to study
the effects of toxicants on the invertebrate Ceriodaohnia. Currently, Don "is
a senior scientist with NETAC (National Effluent Toxicity Assessment Center)
and is evaluating the impact of complex effluents on aquatic environments.
Muelier, Leonard H.
Len transferred to ERL-D in 1971 from the Food and Drug Administration in
New York City. He developed analytical methods for the Pesticide Research
Branch for a wide range of organic compounds. Len transferred to ERL-Gulf
Breeze (EPA lab) in 1983.
Mull in, Michael D.
Research Chemist stationed at ERL-D's Large Lakes Research Station at
Grosse lie, MI.
Nash, Charles B.
Charlie was an "original" in many senses of the word. He started in 1967
as our administrative/personnel officer, He had great wit and humor which he
freely expressed at all times. He retired in December, 1971 and is now
deceased.
N'ebeker , Alan ¥.
A1 started in 196? and headed up the Aquatic Insect Requirement Team as a
research aquatic biologist. He held this responsibility until August, 1971,
He then transferred to the Western (OK) Fish Toxicology Laboratory (then a
field station of this lab) to work on aquatic entomology problems in the
Pacific area. When the Western Station closed in 1975, A1 moved to ERL-
Corvallis,
Nierai, Gerald J.
Jerry's background is in the fields of zoology and biology. He received
his Ph.D. at Florida State University—Tallahassee in 1983. Between 1963 and
1985, he worked as a research associate at the Department of Biology/
Pharmacology and Natural Resources Research Institute (University of
Minnesota-Duluth). In 1987, he accepted a position here as Chief of the
.Jfcz.ar.dous. Waste Research Bruteh and is cBrrently^ serying_ in this capacity.
Norberg-King, Teresa .
Teresa has been at the laboratory since 1-ftiS- and started as a
adtsfesfcast in the Director's office. In 1987, she received her M.S. in
Zoology and Physiology from the University of Wyoming. She is currently a
member of the NETAC (National Effluent Toxicity Assessment Center) staff
which will investigate the effects of complex effluents on aquatic life.
Nordin, Norma J.
Noma was our first (198?) purchasing agent for the lab and held this job
until 1972. She then took on the job of program analyst keeping track of the
lab's budget --for many years by hand which was no small task. After more
than 30 years of government service, Norma retired in April of 1988.
Novy, Nancy
Nancy transferred to ERL-D in April, 1987 from EPA Region 8 in Denver.
She serves as secretary for the Associate Director of Program Operations.
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01 son, D i a ne C.
Diane started as a science aid in 1988 and was later promoted to
biological lab technician. She was the EEO Coordinator for ERL-D and its"
three field stations (Newtown, Crosse lie, and Mont i ce1 Io} from January, 1979
to November, 1984 and was a charter member of the Twin Ports Federal Women's
Program,
01 son, Donald T,
Doit was known to almost everyone as "01 e". He was another early bird and
started to work here in 1987 as a biological lab technician, He was promoted
to research aquatic biologist before taking an early retirement in 19??, Don
was a Lake ffobegan fan and could readily recite W. C. Fields, Don is now
deceased.
Olson, Gay 1e P.
Gayle came aboard in 1967 and like her husband, Don, also started as a
biological lab technician. She soon accepted the job as chemist which turned
out to be her real talent. Gay 1e stayed on for several years after Don left
to build their retirement pole house in Michigan, She left the lab in 1079,
Pearson, Robert E.
Bob, a fisheries biologist, started in 1967, He worked on the Bayport
{MA},field project from December, 1968 until June, 1971. He then left the
lab taking a job with EPA in Region Y-Chi cago.
Phipps, Gary L.
In 1971, Gary received his M. A. in Zoology at North Dakota State
University, He came to the Iab that year and worked his way up to the
position of research aquatic biologist. Gary once found himself ice fishing
on a piece of ice that was fast drifting away from the Lake Superior
shoreline. He was rescued but had to free his fellow biologists! He helped
design a number of unique aquatic testing procedures in collaboration with
Gary Ho 1 combe. Gary is currently studying the effects of sediment toxicants
on aquatic life,
PoIdoski, John E'.
John-started--at-ERLssD- in..Nov.embe n.. ot_LMJL.af,t.e.r rejcjBixi.ng.jiis .Ph.P. in
chemistry from the University of Minnesota-Du1uth. He was the laboratory's
expert in the field of organic chemistry. John left the laboratory in 1966
after 15 years of federal service.
Porter, Christine
Chris was hired as the laboratory's occupational health nurse in
September, 1979. She oversaw physical exams for all employees and conducted
the dioxin health monitoring program. Her position was eliminated In 1987
due to budget cut-backs.
Pugl1st, Frank A. _ .
Frank came to ERL-D in 1971 after beginning his chemistry career with the
City of Duluth. Ke worked.as achemist with several research groups and is
currently managing the laboratory automation system. Frank calls the
swectro11 lovers every Friday with his-"Larry Herman please call extension
5521" secret node.
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' Richardson Wi I iiam I, ¦ - - .
Station Chief at ERL-D's Large Lakes Research Station at Crosse lie, Ml.
Roush, Thomas H.
Tom began his career with EPA in 1974 in headquarters as an aquatic
biologist. He then transferred to Corvallis in late 1974 where he worked on
the Science Advisory Board of the IJC. In 1976, Tom moved to Duluth where he
participated in field to lab research projects. His area of expertise is in
the identification of benthie organisms from sediments. In 1988, Tom
transferred to the Monti cello Ecological Research Station.
Rudman, Judith L,
Judy came to ERL-D in November, 1979 as a c1erk-stenographer. Her
helpful attitude has aided many researchers with the paperwork necessary to
complete a project. She is currently a Program Operation Assistant in the
Office of the Director,
Russo, Rosemari e C.
Rose came to ERL-D as an IPA appointment from Montana State University.
She was a research chemist and developed a method to calculate LC50 values.
Rose was appointed Associate Director for Research Operations and served in
that capacity until 1984 when she was appointed Director of the Environmental
Research Laboratory in Athens, GA.
Russom, Christine
Chris began her EPA career as a stay-in-school clerk In 1978. "She then
worked her way up to the position of biologist. For the past six years, she
has conducted bi oassays for the Toxic Substances Research Branch, Chris also
holds an adjunct administrative position serving as commissioner of the
noontime volleyball league.
Sanvilie, Willi am
Bill received his M.S. from the University of Oregon in biology. He
worked at the EPA CorvaI Ii s lab for many years on such projects as
eutrophi cat ion, biological diversity and later managed the Freshwater Wetland
Program. Because of an internal reorganization, Bill has transferred to
ERL-D and arrived here in August of 1.988.. ttLs...lat.&s.t.„&.3.s.ignm.ftn!L. i nvo I ves
sediment toxicity to aquatic life.
Schmieder, Patricia K.
Patty received her M.S. In Envi ronraenta1 Science at Rutger's University
in 1981. She he Id various research positions at UMD and UWS in the area of
pharmacology before accepting a position here in 1985, She is currently
detailed to Oregon State University where she is working in fish toxicology.
Shelhon, Arlene L.
Arlene began her federal career as a physical science aid in May, 1968,
She spent many years eulturing and testing invertebrates before accepting her
current role as extramural ^rant/contract specialist.
Siefert, Richard E.
Dick received his M.S. in Fisheries Biology at the University of
Minnesota. His federal service started in 1962 when he was employed by the
Fish and Wildlife Service in South Dakota. He came to the lab in May of 1968
as a research aquatic biologist studying the effects of depressed oxygen
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levels on the early-life stages of fish. From 1976-80, he served as- Chief of
the Toxicology of Physical Po1)utants Testing Section, He then accepted the
job as Acting Branch Chief-Water Quality Branch during the next two years.
In 1982, he became Chief of the Pesticide Research Branch and is currently in
that position.
Smith, Wesley E.
ffes cane to work here in early 1987 as a research aquatic biologist. He
was noted for cuI tar i ng and rearing new test species of fish and having a
very uniquely decorated office. Ee retired in 1987 to his hobby horse ranch
just outside Ouluth.
Snarski, V i rg i ni a M.
Gi nny began her federal career here in March, 1970 as a research aquatic
biologist, She spent many years studying the physiological response a of fish
to various toxicants including mercury and PCB's, Currently, she is
developing methods to determine the effects of biological pest control agents
on fish.
Sorenson (Forseth), Shirley L.
'Shirt' started here in June of 1968 as a clerk-stenographer. During the
lab directorship of Dr. Jaworski, she served as secretary to the Director and
continues to serve the current Director in this capacity. She also serves as
receptionist for the entire laboratory.
Spehar, Robert L.
Bob obtained a M,S. in zoology/biochemistry at the University of
Minnesota in 1974. He became a research aquatic biologist in 1973 and was
responsible for conducting acute/chronic tests with metals, pesticides and
mixtures of these chemicals. He is currently acting as coordinator of the
toxicity criteria assessment program.
Spoor, William A.
Bill received his Ph.D. in the 1940's when aquatic toxicity testing was
still a developing art, He served as a professor at the University of
Cincinnati before being enticed to come to Duluth in I960 to share his wealth
of knowledge with a staff .of budding_scienti.s_ts..._ Bill worked as a research
aquatic biologist and was best known for his studies including the oxygen
requirements of fish. He ret i red in November, 1980 and returned to
Cincinnati.
Stagner, Judy L.
After spending eight years with the U.S. Army, Judy accepted a position
with EPA in Washington, DC, While there she held the position of Supervisory
Personnel Management Specialist frora 1974 until 1886. She accepted the
position as Associate Director for Program Operations at ERL-D in 1986 and
currently holds this position.
Stay, Francis S,
Frank started his EPA career in 1965 at the Kerr Research Center in Ada,
OK, He returned to college shortly thereafter and received his M.S. in
Environmental Science (Limnology) from the University of Oklahoma. Frank
then resumed his EPA duties in 1972 as a research aquatic biologist
(eutrophi cat i on research). Between 1975 and 1985, Frank worked on the
non-point source and ecosystem assessment research programs. In 1905, Frank
was re-assigned to ERL-D to evaluate the accuracy and precision of laboratory
ecosystems.
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' Stephan,'Char1es E.¦
Chuck started at the Newtown field station in 19?I as a research
chemist. In 1973 he received his M.S. degree In chemistry [ L'rii vers i ty of
Cincinnati] and transferred to Duluth. He served as coordinator of the
criteria document program and was an active participant in the ASTM
Subcommittee on Aquatic Toxicology {ASTM-Ane r i can Society Testing Materials,
Philadelphia}, He is currently in the Water Quality Branch.
Stokes, Gertrude N.
"Nan" began as a clerk-typist in 1976 and developed her career into the
position of histopathoiogy/biologist. She was active in EEO and managed the
Federal Women's Program.-
Tanner, Danny K.
Danny arrived at ERL-D in 1974 after working at the Shagawa Lake
EutrophiC8tion Project for several years. He has worked in the Pesticide
Research Branch and assisted with all phases of the field studies. He is
currently a biologist conducting bluegi11 reproductive studies in littoral
encIosures.
Teasley, John I.
John started in June, 1 956 as a research chemist. He worked both on the
bench and as a supervisory chemist. John also carried out the duties of
Pub lie Affairs Officer for the lab. He retired as an Environmental Scientist
in May, L983.
Thomas, Nelson A.
Nelson began his EPA. career in 1971 at the Large Lakes Research Station
where he managed the Great Lakes Research Program. He transferred to ERL-D
in July, 1982 and served as Water Quality Branch Chief until 1988. Nelson
then assumed, the duties of Act i ng Associate Director for Research from
September 1986-1987, In September, 1987, he was placed in charge of our
National Programs and research effort. His Major duty is to coordinate
freshwater research in support of water quality based approach in the control
of toxics. Nelson currently manages research programs at ERL-D as Senior
Advisor for National Programs,
Toth, Eleanor [.
Procurement clerk at ERL-D's Large Lakes Research Station it Grosse lie,
MI.
Tucker, James H.
Jim was a research biologist and began our early histology program in
June, 1988. He accepted a similar position in Morgantown. West Virginia in
September, 1978.
Tyo, Robert M,
Bob started in October, !970 as a research chemist working with organic?
and effluents. He even is remembered for destroying a tile floor with
sol vents—twice In three days,' Be -retired in 1977.
Veith, Gi1 man D.
Gi 1--received-his..P-h.D. In water chemistry f rom the .Uni vers ity of
Wisconsin in 1870, He started working at the lab in 1872 as manager of the
Structure-Activity Program [QSAR). He continued managing this program and
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assumed the role as Branch Chief for the Toxics Research Branch beginning .i n...
1982, in May of I£85, ho was promoted to Associate Director of Research ¦
Operations, Two years later {May, 19B7) he was selected as Director of the
laboratory and serves in this capacity at present,
Waibridge, Charles T.
In June, 198? Chuck came on board as a biologist/technician. He has
assisted many research projects. Aside from this, he set up ecosystem
aquaria and other plant communities to educate passersby and decorate the
1aboratory.
West, Cor 1i s
Corlis started his federal service at the Newtown Fish Toxicology Station
(ERL-D) in 1979, He transferred to the Montice1 Io field station in 1981
before moving to DuIuth in 1988. Coriis serves as a biological lab
technician and assists in conducting acute/chronic tests using invertebrates,
Yount, J, David
Dave received his Ph.D. from the University of NC, Chapel Hill in 1966.
He came to the lab in 1976 from ORD, EPA, Washington, DC to fill the
newly-created position of Deputy Director. After Don Mount resigned as
Director in 1978, Dave served as Acting Director until Norb Jaworski arrived
in 1980, During the lab reorganization that foil owed, Dave requested
reassignment to a research position as Life Scientist. Since then, he has
conducted research on periphyton communities in the MERS streams (commuting
from Duiuth) and has developed an ecosystem-level toxicity test using
laboratory mi cro-ecosystcms. In 1986, he spend a "sabbatical" semester at
Cornell University with the Ecosystems Research Center there. Currently he
is developing a research program on the recovery of river and stream
ecosystems from disturbance.
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History of ERL-Duluth: Chronological sketch of the development
and construction of physical facilities at Duluth and its field
stati ons.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
AT Dl'LUTH, MINNESOTA
. 1967 - Main 1 aboratory/office building constructed and first known
as the "National Water Quality Laboratory".
« [969 - Construction of lake water intake began to bring lake
Superior water to a pump house near the highway.
« 1970 - Lake water intake system essentially compIete.
• 1971 - Sheet metal storage building known as "The Annex" was
completed.
• 1974 - The first office trailer was purchased.
• 1977 - A hazardous storage building was constructed for bulk
storage of hazardous chemicals and water,
• 1983 - An addition to the main laboratory was completed and named
the Pollution Abatement Facility - also known as the High
Hazard Containment Facility.
• 1985 - A second, doubIe-wide trailer was obtained to provide
additional office space,
• 1988 - A new "dead storage" pole barn was built for housing field
gear and extra laboratory equipment.
• 1988 - A new research wing for the main laboratory building is
under discussion. The concept of having a freshwater research
annex that would jointly serve state (University of Minnesota)
and federal (EPA, ERL-D) aquatic research personnel is unique.
MONTI CELLO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH STATION
..T MONTI CELLO, MINNESOTA"
• 1988 - Meeting held with Northern States Power to discuss
thermal testing field station to take advantage of
(non-contact) discharge.
• 1989 - Land use agreement signed with NSP to use 30 acres
field station.
• 1971 - Final blueprints for MERS are completed.
• 1972 - Construction of eight, 1700 ft. streams and research
buildings started.
• 1973 - MERS officially opened.
,» 1987 - Lower one-half of four streams converted to experimental
wetlands.
siting a
the i r heated
for our
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i
LARGE LAKES RESEARCH-STATION ~
. ... AT. CROSSE ! IE, MICHIGAN
• 1942 - The Large Lakes Research Station (LLRS) was cons t rue ted and
consists of a main laboratory (2 story}, a tin storage hanger,
a boat storage shop and maintenance storage buildings.
• 1.975 - The main laboratory and associated buildings was acquired bv
EPA.
• 1977 -The main laboratory building was renovated doubling its
size, A new computer laboratory also was added to the
buiI ding.
NEWTOWN FISH TOXICOLOGY STATION
, AT NEWTOWN, OHIO
• - The site originally housed a brewery, It was later
developed as a fish farm by the State of Ohio {dates unknown),
• 1961 - The main fac iIi ty was built by the U.S. Public Health
Service out of Cincinnati (the old Taft Center},
• 1970 - The State of Ohio turned over 2,5 acres of this property to
the U.S. Envi ronmenta1 Protection Agency (ERL-D).
» 1973 - Shay 1 er Run. study completed,
• 1978 - A half million dollar addition tripled the existing lab and
office space,
• 1982 - The physical site and its research program was transferred
EMSL out of Cincinnati.
WESTERN FISH TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH STATION
.AT. COOT ALUS, OREGON
• 1970 - The biological effects group at the NERC (National
Ecological Research Center) in Corval1 is was
transferred to the Duluth lab,
• 1971 - Plans for a new field station to study salmoni ds prepared
and budgeted. To be called the Western Fish Toxicology
Station (WPT5).
• 1972 - New office building and laboratory exposure faci1ity at WFTS
started. Construction complete by the end of the year.
-* 4873 - WFTS btc.oraes.-f.ul i.y. ...opexati onai.,.
• 1978 - WFTS reassigned to ERL-Corvai1i s
• 1988 - WFTS officially closed as an EPA field site. ' Staff members
reassigned, transfer to new agencies, resign or retire.
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