if!;	United States
Environmental Protectioi
if % Agency
EPA/690/R-08/001F
Final
7-30-2008
Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for
Acenaphthylene
(CASRN 208-96-8)
Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center
National Center for Environmental Assessment
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268

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Acronyms and Abbreviations
bw
body weight
cc
cubic centimeters
CD
Caesarean Delivered
CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act

of 1980
CNS
central nervous system
cu.m
cubic meter
DWEL
Drinking Water Equivalent Level
FEL
frank-effect level
FIFRA
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
g
grams
GI
gastrointestinal
HEC
human equivalent concentration
Hgb
hemoglobin
i.m.
intramuscular
i.p.
intraperitoneal
IRIS
Integrated Risk Information System
IUR
inhalation unit risk
i.v.
intravenous
kg
kilogram
L
liter
LEL
lowest-effect level
LOAEL
lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
LOAEL(ADJ)
LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration
LOAEL(HEC)
LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human
m
meter
MCL
maximum contaminant level
MCLG
maximum contaminant level goal
MF
modifying factor
mg
milligram
mg/kg
milligrams per kilogram
mg/L
milligrams per liter
MRL
minimal risk level
MTD
maximum tolerated dose
MTL
median threshold limit
NAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NOAEL
no-ob served-adverse-effect level
NOAEL(ADJ)
NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration
NOAEL(HEC)
NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human
NOEL
no-ob served-effect level
OSF
oral slope factor
p-IUR
provisional inhalation unit risk
p-OSF
provisional oral slope factor
p-RfC
provisional inhalation reference concentration
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p-RfD
provisional oral reference dose
PBPK
physiologically based pharmacokinetic
ppb
parts per billion
ppm
parts per million
PPRTV
Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Value
RBC
red blood cell(s)
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RDDR
Regional deposited dose ratio (for the indicated lung region)
REL
relative exposure level
RfC
inhalation reference concentration
RfD
oral reference dose
RGDR
Regional gas dose ratio (for the indicated lung region)
s.c.
subcutaneous
SCE
sister chromatid exchange
SDWA
Safe Drinking Water Act
sq.cm.
square centimeters
TSCA
Toxic Substances Control Act
UF
uncertainty factor
Hg
microgram
|j,mol
micromoles
voc
volatile organic compound
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7-30-2008
PROVISIONAL PEER REVIEWED TOXICITY VALUES FOR
ACENAPHTHYLENE (CASRN 208-96-8)
Background
On December 5, 2003, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of
Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) revised its hierarchy of human
health toxicity values for Superfund risk assessments, establishing the following three tiers as the
new hierarchy:
1.	EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
2.	Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTV) used in EPA's Superfund
Program.
3.	Other (peer-reviewed) toxicity values, including:
~	Minimal Risk Levels produced by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR),
~	California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) values, and
~	EPA Health Effects Assessment Summary Table (HEAST) values.
A PPRTV is defined as a toxicity value derived for use in the Superfund Program when
such a value is not available in EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). PPRTVs are
developed according to a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and are derived after a review of
the relevant scientific literature using the same methods, sources of data, and Agency guidance
for value derivation generally used by the EPA IRIS Program. All provisional toxicity values
receive internal review by two EPA scientists and external peer review by three independently
selected scientific experts. PPRTVs differ from IRIS values in that PPRTVs do not receive the
multi-program consensus review provided for IRIS values. This is because IRIS values are
generally intended to be used in all EPA programs, while PPRTVs are developed specifically for
the Superfund Program.
Because new information becomes available and scientific methods improve over time,
PPRTVs are reviewed on a five-year basis and updated into the active database. Once an IRIS
value for a specific chemical becomes available for Agency review, the analogous PPRTV for
that same chemical is retired. It should also be noted that some PPRTV manuscripts conclude
that a PPRTV cannot be derived based on inadequate data.
Disclaimers
Users of this document should first check to see if any IRIS values exist for the chemical
of concern before proceeding to use a PPRTV. If no IRIS value is available, staff in the regional
Superfund and RCRA program offices are advised to carefully review the information provided
in this document to ensure that the PPRTVs used are appropriate for the types of exposures and
circumstances at the Superfund site or RCRA facility in question. PPRTVs are periodically
updated; therefore, users should ensure that the values contained in the PPRTV are current at the
time of use.
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7-30-2008
It is important to remember that a provisional value alone tells very little about the
adverse effects of a chemical or the quality of evidence on which the value is based. Therefore,
users are strongly encouraged to read the entire PPRTV manuscript and understand the strengths
and limitations of the derived provisional values. PPRTVs are developed by the EPA Office of
Research and Development's National Center for Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health
Risk Technical Support Center for OSRTI. Other EPA programs or external parties who may
choose of their own initiative to use these PPRTVs are advised that Superfund resources will not
generally be used to respond to challenges of PPRTVs used in a context outside of the Superfund
Program.
Questions Regarding PPRTVs
Questions regarding the contents of the PPRTVs and their appropriate use (e.g., on
chemicals not covered, or whether chemicals have pending IRIS toxicity values) may be directed
to the EPA Office of Research and Development's National Center for Environmental
Assessment, Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center (513-569-7300), or OSRTI.
INTRODUCTION
IRIS (U.S. EPA, 2008) does not report an RfD or RfC for acenaphthylene. The HEAST
(U.S. EPA, 1997) states that data are inadequate for quantitative risk assessment for
acenaphthylene based on a Health and Environmental Assessment (HEA) for the chemical (U.S.
EPA, 1987). The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisory list does not include
acenaphthylene (U.S. EPA, 2006); a Drinking Water Criteria Document for polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons reported no oral data suitable for quantitative risk assessment (U.S. EPA, 1990).
The CARA (U.S. EPA, 1991, 1994) lists only the previously mentioned HEA (U.S. EPA, 1987).
ATSDR (2008) has not produced a Toxicological Profile for acenaphthylene, and the
Toxicological Profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ATSDR, 1995) does not include
oral MRLs for acenaphthylene. There is no Environmental Health Criteria Document available
for acenaphthylene (WHO, 2008), and there are no oral or inhalation chronic, subchronic, or
carcinogenicity studies on acenaphthylene in the Environmental Health Criteria Document for
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (WHO, 1998). ACGIH (2007), OSHA (2008), and
NIOSH (2008) have not established occupational health standards for acenaphthylene.
On IRIS (U.S. EPA, 2008), acenaphthylene is assigned to cancer Weight-of-Evidence
Group D "Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity" based on the unavailability of human
data and inadequate animal data. The carcinogenicity of acenaphthylene has not been assessed
by IARC (2008) or NTP (2005, 2008). The National Institute for Public Health and the
Environment of the Netherlands (RIVM) (Baars et al., 2001) concluded that acenaphthylene is a
suspected carcinogen and assigned an oral slope factor of 0.05 mg/kg-day that is based on a
relative potency value for acenaphthylene of 0.01 (Kalberlah et al., 1995, as cited in WHO,
1998)	compared to the oral slope factor of 0.0005 mg/kg-day for benzo[a]pyrene (Kroese et al.,
1999).
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7-30-2008
Literature searches were conducted from the 1960s through December 2007 for studies
relevant to the derivation of provisional toxicity values for acenaphthylene. Databases searched
include MEDLINE, TOXLINE (Special), BIOSIS, TSCATS/TSCATS 2, CCRIS, DART/ETIC,
GENETOX, HSDB, RTECS, and Current Contents.
This document has passed the STSC quality review and evaluation indicating that the
quality is consistent with the SOPs and standards of the STSC and is suitable for use by
registered users of the PPRTV system.
FEASIBILITY OF DERIVING A PROVISIONAL RfD FOR ACENAPHTHYLENE
The available data are inadequate to derive a p-RfD for acenaphthylene. No dose-
response information pertinent to any target organs was available in the current database; thus,
the database lacks a study that could serve as a suitable basis for derivation of a p-RfD for
acenaphthylene.
FEASIBILITY OF DERIVING A PROVISIONAL RfC FOR ACENAPHTHYLENE
No inhalation toxicity data in humans or animals are identified; thus, no p-RfC could be
derived for acenaphthylene.
PROVISIONAL CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR ACENAPHTHYLENE
Because of the lack of carcinogenic data in humans or animals, under the 2005
Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 2005), this PPRTV document classifies
acenaphthylene as having "Inadequate Information to Assess Carcinogenic Potential
FEASIBILITY OF DERIVING A PROVISIONAL ORAL SLOPE FACTOR OR
INHALATION UNIT RISK FOR ACENAPHTHYLENE
Neither a p-OSF nor a p-IUR is derived for acenaphthylene because of the lack of
suitable oral or inhalation data in both humans and animals.
REFERENCES
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). 2007. 2007 Threshold
Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices.
ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH.
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ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1995. Toxicological Profile for
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Update. U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA.
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2008. Toxicological Profile
Information Sheet. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
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Baars, A.J., P.J. Theelen, J.M. Janssen, M.E. van Apeldorn, M. Meijrink, L. Verdam, and M.J.
Zeilmaker. 2001. Re-evaluation of Human-toxicological Maximum Permissible Risk Levels.
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IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Search IARC Monographs.
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Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Poly cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAHs). Prepared by the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1991. Chemical Assessments and Related Activities (CARA). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1994. Chemical Assessments and Related Activities (CARA). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. December.
U.S. EPA. 1997. Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables. FY-1997 Update. Prepared by
the Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment,
Cincinnati OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. July.
EPA/540/R-97/036. NTIS PB97-921199.
U.S. EPA. 2005. Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum,
Washington, DC; EPA/630/P-03/001F. Federal Register 70(66): 17765-17817. Available
online at http://www.epa.gov/raf.
U.S. EPA. 2006. 2006 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories. Office
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U.S. EPA. 2008. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Office of Research and
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WHO (World Health Organization). 1998. Environmental Health Criteria 202: selected non-
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