United States
Environmental Protection
1=1 m m Agency
EPA/690/R-11/030F
Final
6-01-2011
Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for
^-Heptanal
(CASRN 111-71-7)
Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center
National Center for Environmental Assessment
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268

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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
CHEMICAL MANAGER
J. Phillip Kaiser, PhD
National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH
CONTRIBUTOR
Scott C. Wesselkamper, PhD
National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH
DRAFT DOCUMENT PREPARED BY
National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH
This document was externally peer reviewed under contract to
Eastern Research Group, Inc.
110 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, MA 02421-3136
Questions regarding the contents of this document may be directed to the U.S. EPA Office of
Research and Development's National Center for Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health
Risk Technical Support Center (513-569-7300).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS	ii
BACKGROUND	1
DISCLAIMERS	1
QUESTIONS REGARDING PPRTVS	 1
INTRODUCTION	2
REVIEW OF POTENTIALLY RELEVANT DATA (CANCER AND NONCANCER)	3
DERIVATION 01 PROVISIONAL VALUES	3
CANCER WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE (WOE) DESCRIPTOR	3
MODE-OF-ACTION (MOA) DISCI SSION	3
REFERENCES	3
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COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS
BMC
benchmark concentration
BMD
benchmark dose
BMCL
benchmark concentration lower bound 95% confidence interval
BMDL
benchmark dose lower bound 95% confidence interval
HEC
human equivalent concentration
HED
human equivalent dose
IUR
inhalation unit risk
LOAEL
lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
LOAELadj
LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration
LOAELhec
LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human
NOAEL
no-ob served-adverse-effect level
NOAELadj
NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration
NOAELhec
NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human
NOEL
no-ob served-effect level
OSF
oral slope factor
p-IUR
provisional inhalation unit risk
p-OSF
provisional oral slope factor
p-RfC
provisional reference concentration (inhalation)
p-RfD
provisional reference dose (oral)
POD
point of departure
RfC
reference concentration (inhalation)
RfD
reference dose (oral)
UF
uncertainty factor
UFa
animal-to-human uncertainty factor
UFC
composite uncertainty factor
UFd
incomplete-to-complete database uncertainty factor
UFh
interhuman uncertainty factor
UFl
LOAEL-to-NOAEL uncertainty factor
UFS
subchronic-to-chronic uncertainty factor
WOE
weight of evidence
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PROVISIONAL PEER-REVIEWED TOXICITY VALUES FOR
ft-HEPTANAL (CASRN 111-71-7)
BACKGROUND
A Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) is defined as a toxicity value
derived for use in the Superfund Program. PPRTVs are derived after a review of the relevant
scientific literature using established Agency guidance on human health toxicity value
derivations. All PPRTV assessments receive internal review by a standing panel of National
Center for Environment Assessment (NCEA) scientists and an independent external peer review
by three scientific experts.
The purpose of this document is to provide support for the hazard and dose-response
assessment pertaining to chronic and subchronic exposures to substances of concern, to present
the major conclusions reached in the hazard identification and derivation of the PPRTVs, and to
characterize the overall confidence in these conclusions and toxicity values. It is not intended to
be a comprehensive treatise on the chemical or toxicological nature of this substance.
The PPRTV review process provides needed toxicity values in a quick turnaround
timeframe while maintaining scientific quality. PPRTV assessments are updated approximately
on a 5-year cycle for new data or methodologies that might impact the toxicity values or
characterization of potential for adverse human health effects and are revised as appropriate. It is
important to utilize the PPRTV database (http://hhpprtv.ornl.gov) to obtain the current
information available. When a final Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessment is
made publicly available on the Internet (www.epa.gov/iris), the respective PPRTVs are removed
from the database.
DISCLAIMERS
The PPRTV document provides toxicity values and information about the adverse effects
of the chemical and the evidence on which the value is based, including the strengths and
limitations of the data. All users are advised to review the information provided in this
document to ensure that the PPRTV used is appropriate for the types of exposures and
circumstances at the site in question and the risk management decision that would be supported
by the risk assessment.
Other U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) programs or external parties who
may choose to use PPRTVs are advised that Superfund resources will not generally be used to
respond to challenges, if any, of PPRTVs used in a context outside of the Superfund program.
QUESTIONS REGARDING PPRTVS
Questions regarding the contents and appropriate use of this PPRTV assessment should
be directed to the EPA Office of Research and Development's National Center for
Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center (513-569-7300).
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INTRODUCTION
No reference dose (RfD), reference concentration (RfC), or cancer assessment for
w-heptanal is included in the IRIS database (U.S. EPA, 2011) or on the Drinking Water
Standards and Health Advisories List (U.S. EPA, 2009). No RfD or RfC values are reported in
the Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST; U.S. EPA, 2003). The Chemical
Assessments and Related Activities (CARA) list does not include a Health and Environmental
Effects Profile (HEEP) for //-heptanal and declined to derive noncancer toxicity values due to
inadequate noncancer data and potential carcinogenicity of the chemical (U.S. EPA, 1994). The
toxicity of //-heptanal has not been reviewed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR, 2010) or the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). The California
Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA, 2008, 2009) has not derived toxicity values for
exposure to //-heptanal. No occupational exposure limits for //-heptanal have been derived by the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, 2010), listed by the
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 2010), or adopted by the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 2010).
The HEAST (U.S. EPA, 2003) does not report a U.S. EPA (1986) cancer
weight-of-evidence (WOE) classification or an oral slope factor for //-heptanal. The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 2011) has not reviewed the carcinogenic
potential of //-heptanal. //-Heptanal is not included in the 11th Report on Carcinogens (NTP,
2005). CalEPA (2008) has not prepared a quantitative estimate of carcinogenic potential for
//-heptanal.
Literature searches were conducted on sources published from 1900 through May 2011
for studies relevant to the derivation of provisional toxicity values for //-heptanal, CAS No.
111-71-7. Searches included the following synonyms of //-heptanal: enanthal, enanthaldehyde,
enanthole, heptyl aldehyde, oenanthal, oenanthaldehyde, oenanthic aldehyde, oenanthol,
//-heptaldehyde, and heptanal. Searches were conducted using EPA's Health and Environmental
Research Online (HERO) database of scientific literature. HERO searches the following
databases: AGRICOLA; American Chemical Society; BioOne; Cochrane Library; DOE: Energy
Information Administration, Information Bridge, and Energy Citations Database; EBSCO:
Academic Search Complete; GeoRef Preview; GPO: Government Printing Office;
Informaworld; IngentaConnect; J-STAGE: Japan Science & Technology; JSTOR: Mathematics
& Statistics and Life Sciences; NSCEP/NEPIS (EPA publications available through the National
Service Center for Environmental Publications [NSCEP] and National Environmental
Publications Internet Site [NEPIS] database); PubMed: MEDLINE and CANCERLIT databases;
SAGE; Science Direct; Scirus; Scitopia; SpringerLink; TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network):
ANEUPL, CCRIS, ChemlDplus, CIS, CRISP, DART, EMIC, EPIDEM, ETICBACK, FEDRIP,
GENE-TOX, HAPAB, HEEP, HMTC, HSDB, IRIS, ITER, LactMed, Multi-Database Search,
NIOSH, NTIS, PESTAB, PPBIB, RISKLINE, TRI; and TSCATS; Virtual Health Library; Web
of Science (searches Current Content database among others); World Health Organization; and
Worldwide Science. The following databases outside of HERO were searched for risk
assessment values: ACGIH, ATSDR, CalEPA, EPA IRIS, EPA HEAST, EPA HEEP, EPA OW,
EPA TSCATS/TSCATS2, NIOSH, NTP, OSHA, and RTECS.
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REVIEW OF POTENTIALLY RELEVANT DATA
(CANCER AND NONCANCER)
The literature search revealed no human studies (i.e., either acute-, short-term, or chronic
duration), for //-heptanal for development of toxicity values for //-heptanal. The literature search
did reveal two animal reproductive studies: one in rats and one in mice. Specific details (e.g.,
study duration, effects observed, etc.) are not available for these studies, and, therefore, these
studies cannot be used for derivation of a provisional toxicity value.
DERIVATION OF PROVISIONAL VALUES
Limitations in the available data preclude development of either cancer and noncancer
toxicity values for //-heptanal.
CANCER WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE (WOE) DESCRIPTOR
Limitations in the available data preclude development of a WOE descriptor.
MODE-OF-ACTION (MOA) DISCUSSION
Limitations in the available data preclude determination of a MOA discussion.
REFERENCES
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). (2010) Threshold limit
values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati,
OH: ACGIH. As cited in HSDB, 2010. Available online at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-
bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB. Accessed on 5/3/201 1. 625688.
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). (2010) Toxicological profile
information sheet. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Available online at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp. Accessed on 5/3/2011.
595415.
CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). (2008) All OEHHA acute, 8-hour and
chronic reference exposure levels (chRELs) as of December 18, 2008. Office of Environmental
Health Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, CA. Available online at
http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/AllChrels.html. Accessed on 5/3/201 1. 595416
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CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). (2009) Office of Environmental Health
Hazard Assessment. OEHHA Toxicity Criteria Database. Available online at
http://vvvvvv.oehha.ca.gov/risk/ChemicalDB/index.asp. Accessed on 5/3/2011. 595417.
HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank). (2010) //-Heptanal. National Library of Medicine,
National Toxicology Program, Bethesda, MD. Available online at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-
bin/sis/htm 1 gen?HSDB. 670004.
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). (2011) Monographs on the evaluation of
carcinogenic risks to humans. Lyon, France: IARC. Available online at
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/PDFs/index.php. Accessed on 5/3/2011.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). (2010) NIOSH pocket guide to
chemical hazards. Index of chemical abstracts service registry numbers (CAS No.). Center for
Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare,
Atlanta, GA. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgdcas.html. Accessed on
5/3/2011. 625692.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). (2005) 11th Report on carcinogens. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Available online at http://ntp-server.mehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=
32BA9724-F1F6-975E-7FCE50709CB4C932. Accessed on 5/3/201 1. 093207.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). (2006) Air contaminants:
occupational safety and health standards for shipyard employment, subpart Z, toxic and
hazardous substances. U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC. OSHA Standard
1915.1000. Available online at
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=102
86. Accessed on 5/3/2011. 625691.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (1986) Guidelines for carcinogen risk
assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC; EPA/630/R-00/004. September 1986.
Available online at http://epa.gov/raf/publications/pdfs/CA%20GUIDELINES_1986.PDF.
199530.
U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (1994) Chemical assessments and related
activities (CARA). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC;
EPA/600/R-94/904. Available online at nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=60001G8L.txt.
596444.
U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2003) Health effects assessment summary
tables (HEAST). Prepared by the Office of Research and Development, National Center for
Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC; EPA/540/R-97/036. Available online at http://epa-heast.ornl.gov/. Accessed
on 5/3/2011. 595422.
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U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2009) 2009 Edition of the drinking water
standards and health advisories. Office of Water, Washington, DC; EPA/822/R-09/011.
Available online at
http://deq.state.wy.us/wqd/groundwater/downloads/dwstandards2009%5Bl%5D.pdf. Accessed
on 5/3/2011. 644141.
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2011) Integrated risk information system
(IRIS). Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment,
Washington, DC. Available online at http://vvvvvv.epa.gov/iris/. Accessed on 5/3/201 1. 003752.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2011) Online catalogs for the Environmental Health
Criteria Series. Available online at http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/ehc/en/. Accessed on
5/3/2011. 595424.
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