Tennessee
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008
The Clean Watersheds Needs
Survey (CWNS) is a comprehensive
assessment of needs1 to meet the water
quality and water-related public health
goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
States and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) conduct the
CWNS every four years under CWA
Section 516 (b). Tennessee
documented needs totaling $1.4 billion
in 2008. This is an 11 percent increase
from the $1.2 billion m needs
documented in 2004.
Documented Needs in Tennessee
Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)
Type of Need
2004
2008
Percent Change
Wastewater treatment
$270
$468
73%
Pipe repair and new pipes
$622
$600
-4%
Recycled water distribution
nra
$9
n/a
Combined sewer overflow correction
$338
$96
-72%
Total Wastewater Treatment Needs
$1,230
$1,173
-5%
Conveyance infrastructure
n/a
$146
n/a
Treatment systems
n/a
$10
n/a
Green infrastmcture
n/a
$20
n/a
General stormwater management
nr
$15
n/a
Total Stormwater Management Needsb
nr
$191
n/a
Agriculture (cropland) best management practices (BMPs)
nr
nr
0%
Agriculture (animals) BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Silviculture (forestry) BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Ground water protection: unknown source BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Marinas BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Resource extraction BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Brownfields remediation
nr
nr
0%
Storage tank remediation
nr
nr
0%
Sanitary landfills BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Hydroniodification (Water resource restoration and protection)
nr
nr
0%
Other estuary management activities0
n/a
nr
n/a
Total Nonpoint Source Control NeedsM
nr
nr
0%
Total Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Needsb'd
<$0.5
$5
925%
Total Needs
$1,230
$1,369
11%.
aNot reported; Actual needs may be higher, since documenting these needs is difficult; °In 2004, Other Estuary Management
Needs were reported under Separate State Estimates (SSEs); dNot included in Official Needs in the Report to Congress.
County Needs ($M)
| "1 None reported
M<2
3 2-8
1 Documented needs in the CWNS include the unfunded capital costs of projects as of January 1, 2008 that address a water
quality or a water quality-related public health problem existing as of January 1, 2008, or expected to occur within the next 20
years; and meet the seven CWNS documentation criteria. All needs are in January 2008 dollars.

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Tennessee
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
The enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972 resulted in dramatic improvements in the:
•	Number of wastewater treatment plants.
•	Percentage of the population served by wastewater treatment plants.
•	Quality of effluent treatment from wastewater treatment facilities.
In 2008, 63% of Tennessee residents received centralized wastewater treatment services at the secondary,
advanced, or no discharge treatment level, compared to 20% in 1972.
Number of Centralized Treatment Facilities and Population Served
Number of Facilities
Population Served
%Total	%Total
Population	Population
Treatment Level
1972
2008
Projected"
1972
1972
2008
2008
Projected"
Less than Secondary
29
0
0
393,000
9
0
0
0
Secondary
80
203
203
354,000
9
2,546,455
41
3,260,733
Advanced
102
31
32
469,000
11
1,310,711
21
1,602,574
No Discharge
0
10
13
0
0
19,935
<1
43,785
Total
211
244
248
1,216,000
29
3,877,101
63
4,907,092
a Number of facilities and population served if all needs documented in the CWNS 2008 are met.
Small Communities
In Tennessee, small community
wastewater facilities serve 11% of the
population and comprise 12% of total
wastewater treatment and collection
needs. EPA small community support
information is available at:
www. epa. gov/owm/mab/smcomm
Reported Needs for Facilities in Small Communities
Facilities

1 Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)
Population
2004
2008
2004
2008
0-999
12
17
$15
$15
1,000-3,499
29
42
$47
$60
3,500-10,000
11
28
$25
$59
Total
52
87
$85
$135
Visit www.epa.gov/cwns for more information including:
•	Detailed Reports to Congress
•	Other state fact sheets
•	Maps, charts, and data downloads for projects, facilities, watersheds, counties, congressional
districts, cities, states, and regions

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