Integrated Planning in Action
2016 Integrated Wastewater Plan
Boone, Iowa
Kate Shelly High Bridge, crossing over the
Des Moines River.
Boone, Iowa, is home to nearly 13,000 people. The city operates sanitary and
storm sewer systems. Most of the sanitary sewer system was installed more
than 100 years ago and has not been replaced. Boone's wastewater treatment
facility1 and storm sewer system discharge to Honey Creek, a tributary to the
Des Moines River, the largest river in Iowa. The river supports tourism and
recreation, including boating on the 100-mile Des Moines River Water Trail,
which follows the river as it winds through Boone County.
Challenges
During heavy storms, stormwater and groundwater enter Boone's sanitary
sewer system through cracks and improper connections (i.e., infiltration and
inflow). This causes sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) at one pump station
and sewage backups into basements. These SSOs lead to the discharge of
sewage, which contains high concentrations of pollutants, such as bacteria, to
the Des Moines River. In addition, the city's 2014 wastewater treatment facility
permit required the city to install disinfection equipment to meet more stringent
bacteria effluent limits by 2018. As a small community, Boone has faced
challenges in balancing environmental compliance with financial capabilities.
Integrated Planning in Action
Boone decided to use an integrated planning approach to prioritize projects to achieve the greatest environmental
and human health benefits using existing rate revenue to avoid short-term rate spikes. The city conducted an
open process: it engaged the community through civic organizations and open house meetings and educated
the city council about the importance of preventing less polluted stormwater and groundwater from entering the
sanitary sewer system. Boone also kept the public informed throughout the planning process using a wide variety
of media, including radio shows, newsletters, a website, social media, and the local newspaper.
The city's plan indicated that reducing infiltration and inflow first would result in the highest human health and
water quality impacts by reducing basement backups and SSO discharges. The integrated plan included a project
City of
EPA Region 7
13,000 population
SSO 11WWTF
1 "Wastewater treatment facilities" (WWTFs) is a generic term for facilities that treat or manage wastewater, including publicly owned
treatment works.

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schedule that delayed the installation of disinfection
equipment by five years while the city focused on
addressing infiltration and inflow. The integrated plan
projects cost $15.4 million over 16 years (2016-2033),
including about $10 million in capital costs and $5.4
million for operation and maintenance.
Results
In 2016, the city submitted the Integrated Wastewater
Plan to the Iowa Department of Natural Resources.
The Department approved the plan that same year. In
2018, Boone's City Council passed an ordinance that
gave Boone's Sewer Department authority to inspect
and disconnect sump pumps and roof drains from
residences connected to the sanitary sewer system
or require that they pay a monthly fee on their utility
bill. One year later, in 2019, the Department of Natural
Resources issued a wastewater treatment facility permit
that allowed the city to delay installing disinfection
equipment to meet new bacteria limits by five years
in order to more quickly reduce SSOs and reduce
infiltration and inflow.
Since plan approval, Boone has installed flow meters
in 1 of the 4 pilot project areas and disconnected 60
sump pumps from the sanitary sewer to reduce inflow.
The city reports that this has reduced the amount
of wastewater flowing to the wastewater treatment
facility by 30 percent, which is more than half of the 50
percent flow reduction goal. Sequencing the infiltration
and inflow work first led to less water flowing to the
wastewater treatment facility, thus reducing the size
of the disinfection system needed and saving the city
about $500,000 to $750,000. In 2019, the city also
has received no basement backup complaints from
residences in the pilot area, down from the 15-20
complaints it had received before disconnecting the
residents' sump pumps.
For more information, visit EPA's integrated planning Report to Congress webpage at:
https://www.epa.gov/npdes/inteqrated-planninq-municipal-stormwater-and-wastewater
- SEPA
EPA-832-F-21-014 I June 2021

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