SEPA
www.epa.gov/research
EPA/600/F-18/384
science in ACTION
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
NUTRIENT RETENTION AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF MANAGED
AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF THE UPPER MIDWEST, USA
Background
The state of Iowa has set an ambitious goal to reduce
nitrogen and phosphorus loading by 45% and
maintain agricultural production while providing
critical ecosystem services across these landscapes.
Nutrient loads from agricultural lands in the upper
Midwest continue to contribute to Gulf Coast hypoxia
due to insufficient retention of nutrients associated
with agricultural fertilizer and soils. Though multiple
mitigation strategies exist, they have not had
sufficient implementation to reduce nutrient loadings
from agriculture, particularly in areas with extensive
tile drainage.
As our understanding of the close relationship
between agricultural practices and benefits from
restored systems improve, interest in the potential
ecosystem services derived from landscape
depressions, farmed wetlands, and wetlands restored
through USDA's Farm able Wetlands Program have
developed. A variety of landscape management
practices exist (e.g. no till, winter cover crops, and
conservation buffer nutrient retention technologies),
that have the potential to enhance ecosystem services
at the watershed scale. To move forward, a new effort
has started in collaboration with the state of Iowa,
EPA Region 7, and EPA's Office of Research and
Development (ORD) to examine beneficial
management strategies for agriculture and wetland
restoration.
The aim of this effort is to identify ecosystem goods
and services that are important to Iowa's landowners
and develop experimental approaches that would
measure ecosystem service benefits and tradeoffs.
Furthermore, ORD and Region 7 are developing these
partnerships to work collaboratively and design
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Des Moines, IA, stakeholders discussing wetlands
Source: EPA
experiments meaningful to Iowa's stakeholders. The
product of these initial steps will be a joint workshop
to be held in 2019 and a commitment to share the
insight from the workshop.
State Partners in Cooperative Federalism
Iowa Department of Agriculture and the Iowa Farm
Bureau along with stakeholders from Agribusiness
Association of Iowa, Iowa State University, Iowa
Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship,
and Iowa Department of Natural Resources met with
ORD, EPA's Office of Water, and Region 7 for a
field visit. The collaborative team visited several
locations around Des Moines, IA where restoration
had potential or had been completed. Afterward, the
team discussed the opportunities and next steps for
potential research. A workshop planning group
volunteered to work toward scoping and problem
formulation by identifying critical ecosystem
services, their relevant scale, and the people that
benefit.
1
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development

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DesMoines, IA, Consen'ation Resen'e Enhancement Program (CREP) wetland. Source: EPA
Next Steps
ORD and Region 7 will continue to engage with
stakeholders. Future work includes; (1) continuing to
work with stakeholders to establish ecosystem service
and information needs; (2) exploring the application
of existing ecosystem service tools for agricultural
landscapes; (3) reviewing existing literature on
wetlands, farmed wetlands, and CREP wetlands; and
(4) developing an experimental design for potential
demonstration sites that evaluate ecosystem goods
and services from wetlands, farmed wetlands, and
other conservation buffer nutrient retention
technologies.
Contact
Ken Forshay,	Tammy Newcomer-Johnson,
Project Lead	Research Ecologist
580-436-8912	513-569-7150
Forshav.Ken@epa.gov Newcomer-
Johnson. Tammv@epa.gov
mm
Des Moines, IA, (Conservation Resen'e Program
(CREP) wetland. Source: EPA
Shawn Shifflett,
ORISE Post doctoral
Fellow
513-569-7444
Shifflett. Shawn@epa. gov
Steve S chaff,
Region 7 Technical
Liaison
913-551-7447
Schaff Steve@,epa. gov
2
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development

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