www.epa.gov/research
technical BRIEF
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Testing and Evaluation of the Solstreme™ X35
™ Portable UV Water Treatment Unit
Introduction
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP)
identifies and tests portable water treatment technologies that can be utilized for water disinfection and
decontamination operations in support of emergency response. Optimally, the equipment should be
easy to use by emergency responders, should be easy to transport in a standard pick-up truck (48 by
60 inches) (English units are used throughout this report except for light intensity and dosage units) and
should not require a forklift for loading or off-loading. EPA does not provide any endorsement of these
technologies.
The Solstreme™ X35 ™ultraviolet (UV) germicidal water treatment unit first appeared on the market as
a commercial product in 2013. The Solstreme X35 unit uses a patented microwave-actuated
electrodeless lamp technology to provide UV disinfection. The electrodeless lamps can be run at higher
power levels than electrode-based lamps, allowing them to produce greater amounts of UV light.
Electrode-based lamps conform to the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Standard 55 "Class A"
Rated UV systems specifications, which require operation at a minimum UV light dosage of 40 mJ/cm2
(millijoules/cm2), which is equivalent to 40 mW-sec/cm2 (intensity [milliwatts/cm2] x sec) (USEPA, 2003).
The manufacturer expects the electrodeless Solstreme X35 unit operating under optimal conditions to
deliver an equivalent total dosage of up to 1,700 mW-sec/cm2 (NeCamp, 2008). However, the design of
the X35 unit makes it difficult to verify the dosage. The Solstreme X35 manufacturer has developed
conversion tables to correlate the flow rate and power settings (1 through 5) to UV dosage. See
Appendix 1.
The Solstreme X35 unit was originally designed for use in developing countries that are without access
to dependably safe water supplies. The unit was made to be portable (approx. 75 lbs) for delivery to
remote communities and to treat any form of raw water that has been treated with adequate pre
filtration (50 to 100 microns). The unit uses a patented process and materials to focus the UV waves
such that doses as high as 120 mJ/cm2 can be achieved with this compact size unit. The unit is locally
supported by the Solstreme company in Cincinnati, Ohio. The X35 unit as tested by EPA costs
approximately $15,000 with another $1000 needed for sampling equipment and install and set up. The
lamp life is three years.
Initial Solstreme X35 unit testing against Bacillus globigii at EPA's T&E Facility, June
2015
The Solstreme X35 unit was initially tested against Bacillus globigii, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis,
in June 2015 at EPA's Test and Evaluation (T&E) Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio. The testing was done on
the 3-inch line drinking water distribution system simulator (DSS), which consists of approximately 1200
June, 2017
EPA/600/S-17/383
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feet of piping. Tap water from the Greater Cincinnati Water Works (GCWW) is pumped through the
DSS where contaminants can be injected. See USEPA, 2009, for a complete description of the DSS.
This experiment was conducted using a flow rate of 8 gallons per minute (gpm) through the DSS.
Chlorinated tap water enters the T&E Facility directly from
the GCWW distribution system and flows into a 1,000-
gallon tank located on the floor of the facility. The water is
then pumped to an elevated 750-gallon storage tank and
gravity-fed to the DSS. The water from the 750 gallon
tank was injected with over 10 million colony forming units
(CFU) of B. globigii as it exited the DSS and was
plumbed directly into the Solstreme X35 unit as shown in
Figure 1.
The lamp intensity during the time frame that the slug
passed through the unit ranged from 55-64 Solstreme
units (SU). Solstreme Units (SU) were derived by the
manufacturer. Conversion tables are provided by the
manufacturer in Appendix 1 for 5 average UV dosages.
With an optimal flow rate of 8 gpm and an observed
Solstreme reading of 55 to 64, the dosage of 158 rmJ/ sq
cm corresponds to a destruction percent of 99.999 or a 5-
log reduction based upon MS2 coliphage inactivation.
Table 1 summarizes the results from the B. globigii analysis of water samples collected during this
study. The average concentration of B. globigii from the inlet samples collected was approximately 23
million CFU/100 mL Individual inlet concentrations were compared to the outlet concentrations in order
to compute the log reduction values shown in Table 1. The results indicate that the X35 unit was very
effective (up to 6.9-log reduction) at inactivating B. globigii which was better than the Appendix 1 tables
based upon MS2 coliphage inactivation predicted.
Table 1: Bacillus globigii Disinfection and UV Exposure Time
(Based on Exposure to the Solstreme™ X35 Unit)	
SAMPLE ID
(Exposure time)
Average Solstreme™
X35
Inlet B. globigii
concentration CFU
per 100 mL
Solstreme™ X35
Outlet B. globigii
concentration
CFU per 100 mL
Log
reduction
Pretest/baseline
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
-
10 minutes
2.33E+07
1.37E+02
5.2
15 minutes
2.33E+07
6.00E+01
5.6
20 minutes
2.33E+07
1.05E+02
5.3
25 minutes
2.33E+07
2.60E+01
6.0
30 minutes
2.33E+07
3.00E+00
6.9
Figure X, Solstreme™ X35 ™ unit set up at
EPA's T&E Facility (vertical cell).
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Experiment Design at Idaho National Lab
Based upon the promising results of the Solstreme X35 unit testing at the T&E facility in Cincinnati,
EPA decided to test the X35 unit on a full-scale replica of a drinking water distribution system, the
water security test bed, at the Idaho National Laboratory. This Idaho water security test bed (WSTB)
experiment was designed to assess the ability of a portable disinfection unit to treat a large volume of
water contaminated with B. globigii spores. When disinfectant is added to contaminated water, it
reacts with the microbes, but also with other impurities in the water. So the demand on the disinfection
agent by other impurities must be met, and there must be a sufficient residual disinfectant
concentration to effectively treat the microbial contaminants. The water in the lagoon contained dirt
and sediment from the surrounding area, as well as algae. The dirt and algal growth created a
disinfectant demand in the water and rendered the water "dirty." The X35 unit was tested along with 4
other technologies for the ability to treat this dirty water contaminated with spores.
The effectiveness of the Solstreme™ X35 unit was evaluated by sampling water contaminated with B,
globigii spores before it entered the unit, before treatment began, and then after disinfection to
determine the treatment effectiveness. The concentration of spores in the influent (or before
treatment began) was then compared to the concentration in the effluent (after treatment). The matrix
water for the X35 unit experiment was pumped from the lagoon into a 2,000-gallon flexible bladder
tank. The spores were added to the filled bladder tank, which contained a mixing pump to ensure a
continuous stream of B. globigii spores were provided to the treatment unit (Figure 2).
Bacillus globigii Mixing Pump
Feed Lines to Mix
Ports
Solstreme™ X35 Feed Pump
Figure 2. Inlet bladder tank and mixing.
Figure 3 shows a schematic depiction of how the mixing pump was connected to the bladder to perform
mixing along with the inlet and outlet ports.
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Mixing
Port
Inlet Port from
Lagoon
Mixing
Port
Mixing Bladder
(10.5' x 14.5')
Mixing
Port
Outlet Port to
Mixing Pump
Feed
Port
Mixing
Pump
AOP and
Solstreme Pump
Figure 3. Schematic depiction of the inlet bladder tank mixing process. (Source: U.S. EPA.
2016. Testing large volume water treatment and crude oil decontamination using the Water
Security Test Bed at the Idaho National Laboratory. EPA/600/R-161/126)
For the Solstreme X35 unit, a target inlet concentration of greater than 106 spores/100 mL (or 104
spores/mL) was prepared using the inlet bladder tank and mixing pump shown in Figure 3. The water
was then pumped to the treatment unit. The X35 unit was tested for 5.5 hours. Pre-treatment and post-
treatment water samples for B. globigii analysis were collected at the same time.
Idaho Field Testing of the Solstreme™ X35 Unit
In 2015, the large volume disinfection study using Solstreme X35 unit, was performed at the WSTB at
the Idaho National Laboratory in Scoville, Idaho. The X35 unit setup is depicted in Figure 4.
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Electrodeless Lamp/Flow cell
Water Inlet
\
x	
Water Outlet
Figure 4. Solstreme™ X35 UV unit and effluent bladder tank (blue object in front of the UV system),
The baseline water sample (BWS) for B. globigii concentrations (BWS-0 through BWS-6, time points
over a 5.5-hour duration) were collected from the inlet and outlet of the system simultaneously using
the grab sampling technique in 100-mL sterile sample bottles with a 10 mg sodium thiosulfate tablet.
The sodium thiosulfate was used to eliminate any remaining chlorine in the samples so the true cell
density of the bacteria could be enumerated. The BWS sampling ports at both inlet and outlet of the
system were opened, and the water was drained for 15 seconds prior to collection of the sample.
Idaho Field Test Results for Solstreme™ X35 Unit Testing
The Solstreme X35 unit disinfects water through UV light only. Figure 5 shows the X35 unit's influent
spore density (blue bars) and the density of spores in the treated effluent (orange bars). Influent and
effluent samples were taken simultaneously, so the difference between the bars at each time point
represents the amount of spore inactivation taking place, or log reduction (green line) at that point in
time. The influent spore density, over the course of the experiment, was approximately 1.6* 105
CFU/ml. This was a positive finding since a consistent influent concentration was desired over the
course of the experiment.
The effluent spore densities from the Solstreme X35 unit consistently decreased as the experiment
progressed. A corresponding increase in spore log reduction over the course of the experiment was
also observed. After discussing this finding with the X35 unit's manufacturer, a possible reason for this
increase in disinfection performance emerged. The X35 unit's UV output is higher at higher
temperatures. Over the course of the experimental period (from early morning to mid-afternoon), the
air and lagoon water temperature at the test site increased from 12° to 28 C and from 15° to 25 C,
respectively. It should be noted that no free-chlorine residual was detected in the water.
Figure 6 shows the log reduction data from Figure 5 plotted against the output intensity from the
Solstreme X35 unit over the course of the experiment. The X35 unit's output intensity is a unitless
measure of the UV output derived by the manufactured called Solstreme Units (SU). Typically, for an
electrode-based UV bulb, the intensity is measured in mill watts per square centimeter (mW/cm2).
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However, the electrodeless design of the X35 unit does not allow for direct conventional radiometer-
based UV intensity measurements. Figure 6 provides an indirect measure of the UV intensity based on
achievement of 3.5- to 4-log inactivation of B. globigii spores in lagoon water with —11 to 13 NTU
turbidity (pH of approximately 7.5). This turbidity was higher than the initial X35 unit's testing against
Bacillus globigii at T&E facility in 2015, which was well below 1 NTU. See EPA Wastewater technology
fact sheet EPA 832-F-99-064
The increase in output intensity of the Solstreme X35 unit in Figure 6 is perhaps due to the increase in
water temperature over the course of the experiment. In the future, it may be beneficial to add a
heating element to the X35 unit's influent water line to bring water to a temperature between 25° to
30°C and a pre-filter to reduce the disinfection demand in the water. Increased disinfection may be due
to hydroxyl radical formation due to photolysis of the water with higher temperature. The influence of
air and water temperature on disinfection performance merits further investigation.
l.E+06
£ l.E+05
D
Li.
JJ
ii l.E+04
2.0
_l
1.0
0.0
(








	-•




























3 S 10 IS 20 25 30
Solstreme Intensity (unitless)
June, 2017
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Figure 6. Spore log reduction for Solstreme™ X35 UV unit treatment vs. UV output intensity.
Solstreme™ X35 unit output intensity is a proprietary, unitless measure of UV intensity.
Table 2 contains a summary of the Solstreme X35 unit's performance results from Idaho. The X35 unit
performed well in the field where log reductions of 3.5 to 4.0 were observed. The X35 unit achieved an
average spore log reduction of 3.7, with log removal increasing from 3.0 to 4.0 over the course of the
5.5 hr. experiment. This increase could have been due to the increase in temperature experienced
during the daylight hours elevating the UV output/efficiency and leading to greater disinfection. Two
thousand gallons of water were treated during the experimental run. However, due to the differences
discussed above, it did not achieve the over 6-log reduction observed at the T&E facility lab setting.
For the full report on the performance of the Solstreme™ X35 unit and three other water treatment
technologies at the Idaho National Lab, please see USEPA, 2016.
Table 2. Mobile Water Treatment Unit Performance Summary
Water
Treatment
Technology
Tested
Capital
Cost
Average Log
Reduction
Volume
Treated
(gal)
Flow
(gpm)
Performance Summary
Solstreme™
X35 (UV)
$15,000
3.5 to 4.0
2,000
5
Stable, immediate
disinfection, easy to
transport and set up.
X35 testing against Escherichia coli at T&E
Since EPA had previously determined the performance of the Solstreme X35 unit in the lab and in the
field against Bacillus globigii, the researchers decided to challenge the X35 with another bacterial
contaminant, Escherichia coli, at the T&E facility in 2017. This experiment was also conducted using a
flow rate of 8 gallons per minute (gpm) through the DSS. As with the previous B. globigii study at T&E,
chlorinated tap water entered the T&E Facility directly from the GCWW distribution system and flowed
into a 1,000-gallon tank located on the floor of the facility. The water was then pumped to an elevated
750-gallon storage tank, and gravity-fed to the DSS. Prior to and during the entire test, the contents of
the 750-gallon storage tank were dechlorinated using sodium thiosulfate. The sodium thiosulfate
solution was continually pumped into the storage tank using a chemical feed pump. This was done to
prevent the E. coli from being killed by the residual chlorine from Cincinnati tap water, which would
have confounded the results for the X35 unit's inactivation testing. Complete dechlorination through the
DSS was confirmed by continuous online readings from a Hach® CI-17 free-chlorine analyzer (Hach,
Loveland, CO) and grab samples analyzed by the Hach DPD (N,N diethyl-1,4 phenylenediamine
sulfate) method. The E. coli was injected into the dechlorinated water exiting the 750-gallon tank and
was plumbed directly into the X35 unit as previously shown in Figure 1.
The flow of E. co//'-contaminated water through the Solstreme X35 unit was maintained at 8 gpm using
an inline control valve and rotameter combination. The observed lamp intensity during the injection
period ranged from 65-74 Solstreme units. The manufacturer supplied conversion tables in Appendix 1
provide a dosage value of 210 mJ/cm sq. based on an optimal flow rate of 8 gpm at observed
intensities of 65 to 74 SU. The average UV dosage of 210 mJ/cm sq. corresponds to a destruction
percent of 99.9999 or a 6-log reduction based upon MS2 coliphage inactivation. (See Appendix 1)
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Table 3 summarizes the results from the E. coli analysis of water samples collected during this study.
The average concentration of E. coli which was injected into the pipe flowing into the Solstreme unit
was 5.70E+06 CFU/100 ml_. Individual inlet concentrations were compared to the outlet concentrations
in order to compute the log reduction values shown in Table 3. The results indicate that the X35 unit
was very effective (consistent 6-log reduction) at inactivating E. coli which was the response predicted
from the MS2 coliphage tables in appendix 1.
Table 3: Summary of Escherichia coli Disinfection Results (based on exposure to the Solstreme™ X35 unit)
SAMPLE ID
Solstreme™ X35
unit's
Inlet E. coli
concentration CFU
per 100 mL
Solstreme™ X35
unit's
Outlet E. coli
concentration
CFU per 100 mL
Log reduction
Pretest/baseline
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
-
15 minutes
6.13E+06
0.00E+00
6
30 minutes
6.87E+06
0.00E+00
6
45 minutes
6.87E+06
0.00E+Q0
6
60 minutes
2.91E+06
0.00E+00
6
Testing of the UVLS 1000 unit against Escherichia coli at T&E
In 2017, the inventor and patent holder of the Solstreme X35 unit contacted EPA about a prototype
next-generation Solstreme X35 unit to be sold as the UVLS-1000 unit. This unit is capable of treating
Figure 7. Solstreme™ X35 UVLS-1000 Device
(Horizontal Cell).
Figure 8. Solstreme™ X35 UVLS-1000 Unit.
drinking water at a flow rates of up to 20 gallons per minute with the approximate same weight and
shape as the X35 unit per the manufacturer. This prototype unit also has the ability to operate at
seven different UV power levels. The Solstreme™ X35 UVLS-1000 unit used in this evaluation at the
T&E Facility had two different configurations - one with the UV cell in the horizontal position and the
other with the UV cell in the vertical position (Figures 7 and 8). The effect of air pockets and bubbles
in the flow cell can reduce decontamination efficiency so the flow cell can be oriented horizontally or
vertically.
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Five test runs were made with the UVLS-1000 unit at two flow cell configurations (horizontal and
vertical) and two power settings (1 and 7) with various flow rates from 5 to 11 gpm as shown in Table 4.
Throughout the tests, as the B. globigii slug was passing through the device, the UV intensity of the
prototype unit was recorded. Table 4 presents the observed UV intensity range (in SU units) for each
test during the time period that the slug was passing through the device.
Results of T&E testing of UVLS 1000
Table 4 summarizes the results from the B. globigii analysis of water samples collected during these
tests. Individual inlet concentrations were compared to the corresponding outlet concentrations in order
to compute the log reduction values. Samples were taken prior to injection and, 5, 10 and 15 min after
injection. The baseline or prior sample does not return to zero for tests 2, 3 ,4, and 5 because the line
was just flushed between tests and the residual B. globigii requires higher concentrations of chlorine to
return to zero.
Table 4: Summary of Bacillus globigii Disinfection Results for Solstreme™ X35 UVLS-1000 Unit
Configuration
SAMPLE ID
Flow
Rate,
gpm
Power
Level
UV
Intensity
Range
(mJ/sq cm)
Unit's inlet B.
globigii
concentration
CFU/100 mL
Unit's outlet B.
globigii
concentration
CFU/100 mL
Log
reduction
Horizontal
Test 1
11
1
128-139



Cell
1-1 (background)



0.0E+00
0.0E+00
-

1-2 (5 min)



6.3E+07
1.0E+04
3.8

1-3 (10 min)



6.4E+07
8.2E+03
3.9

1-4 (15 min)



6.4E+06
3.4E+02
4.3

Test 2
8
1
122-132




2-1 (background)



1.7E+04
5.0E+01
2.5

2-2



1.4E+08
5.6E+03
4.4

2-3



2.0E+08
6.8E+03
4.5

2-4



2.6E+08
3.1E+03
4.9

Test 3
5
1
130-140




3-1 (background)



1.9E+04
0.0E+00
4.3

3-2



6.3E+07
1.0E+03
4.8

3-3



7.3E+08
3.1E+03
5.4

3-4



4.9E+08
3.0E+03
5.2
Vertical
Test 4
5
7
185-203



Cell
4-1 (background)



2.7E+03
0.0E+00
3.4

4-2



1.7E+07
1.3E+03
4.1

4-3



2.6E+07
1.8E+03
4.2
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Configuration
SAMPLE ID
Flow
Rate,
gpm
Power
Level
UV
Intensity
Range
(mJ/sq cm)
Unit's inlet B.
globigii
concentration
CFU/100 mL
Unit's outlet B.
globigii
concentration
CFU/100 mL
Log
reduction

4-4



6.4E+07
3.4E+03
4.3
Test 5
10
7
195-205



5-1 (background)



1.1E+04
5.0E+00
3.3
5-2



1.2E+07
7.0E+03
3.2
5-3



1.5E+07
5.7E+03
3.4
5-4



1.9E+07
6.4E+03
3.5
As shown in Table 4 , B. globigii spores were present in most of the outlet samples as the B. globigii
slug passed through the prototype Solstreme™ X35 UVLS-1000 unit. Comparing inlet and outlet
concentrations, the UVLS-1000 unit, in the horizontal position at power level 1, demonstrated a
maximum log reduction of 4.3 operating at 11 gpm, 4.9 operating at 8 gpm flow, and 5.4 operating at
5 gpm. In the vertical position at power level 7, the UVLS-1000 unit demonstrated a maximum log
reduction of 4.3 operating at 5 gpm and 3.5 operating at a 10 gpm flow.
Conclusions
The Solstreme™ X35 unit overall was able to consistently disinfect E. coli contamination to over 6 log
reductions. The technology was able to consistently inactivate Bacillus globigii spores from 3.5 to 5.0
log reductions at flow rates from 5 to 11 gpm. These positive results warrant further use and testing by
emergency response personnel in the field. The X35 unit is light weight and can be transported easily
to the site of an emergency response. The unit is easy to use and can be quickly connected to
contaminated water and begin disinfection in a self-contained treatment unit. This technology can be
operated via standard 120-volt electrical service or a portable generator.
The prototype UVLS 1000 unit did not demonstrate improved spore inactivation performance from the
Solstreme™ X35 unit previously tested against Bacillus spores at the T&E facility and was only
slightly better than the X35 unit tested at the water security test bed in Idaho. The influence of
turbidity, air pockets, and water temperature affects disinfection performance and merits further
investigation for this particular unit.
References
NeCamp, D.R. 2008. X-35 Ultraviolet Water Purification system. 'A discussion of X-35 ultraviolet
technology and its benefits.' X-3-5 LLC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Solstreme™ X35.
Rice, E.W., Adcock, N.J., Sivaganeson, M. and Rose, L.J. 2005. Inactivation of spores of Bacillus
anthracis Sterne, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by chlorination. Applied
and Environmental Microbiology, 71 (9):5587-5589.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Wastewater technology fact sheet: ultraviolet
disinfection. EPA 832-F-99-064
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2016. Testing large-volume water treatment and
crude oil contamination using the EPA water security test bed experiments at the Idaho National
Laboratory. EPA/600/R-161/126
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2009. Distribution system water quality monitoring:
Sensor technology evaluation methodology and results. EPA 600/R-09/076
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2003. Ultraviolet disinfection guidance manual.
Washington, DC: U.S. EPA. EPA/815/D-03/007
Contact Information
For more information, visit the NHSRC Web site at www.epa.gov/homeland-securitv-research
Technical Contact: John Hall (hall.iohn@epa.gov)
General Feedback/Questions: Kathy Nickel (Nickel.kathy@epa.gov)
U.S. EPA's Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) develops products based on scientific research
and technology evaluations. Our products and expertise are widely used in preventing, preparing for, and
recovering from public health and environmental emergencies that arise from terrorist attacks or natural
disasters. Our research and products address biological, radiological, or chemical contaminants that could
affect indoor areas, outdoor areas, or water infrastructure. HSRP provides these products, technical assistance,
and expertise to support EPA's roles and responsibilities under the National Response Framework, statutory
requirements, and Homeland Security Presidential Directives.
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Appendix 1.
Table A1. Prototype Solstreme™ X35 ™ ULVS-1000 Unit's Calculated Dosages Based on
MS2 Coliophage Inactivation




U V Treatment Data






Calculated *

Date
Time
Sample
Description
Flow Rate
(GPM)
Observed
Intensity
(SU)
Intensity
(mW/cm2)
Exposure
(sec)
Dosage
(mJ/cm2)
Log
Reduction
Horizontal Configuration Power Level 1






ll-Jul-17
10:40
Outlet 1-1
Background Sample - treated/ no BG
11.0
137
177
2.18
386
0
ll-Jul-17
11:44
Outlet 1-2
UV Treated - BG
11.0
128
165
2.18
360
3.8
ll-Jul-17
11:46
Outlet 1-3
UV Treated - BG
11.0
130
168
2.18
367
3.9
ll-Jul-17
11:51
Outlet 1-4
UV Treated - BG
11.0
133
172
2.18
375
4.3
ll-Jul-17
12:55
Outlet 2-1
Background Sample - treated/ no BG
8.0
131
169
3.00
507
2.5
ll-Jul-17
14:03
Outlet 2-2
UV Treated - BG
8.0
125
161
3.00
483
4.4
ll-Jul-17
14:08
Outlet 2-3
UV Treated - BG
8.0
125
161
3.00
483
4.5
ll-Jul-17
14:13
Outlet 2-4
UV Treated - BG
8.0
122
157
3.00
471
4.9
12-Jul-17
9:56
Outlet 3-1
Background Sample - treated/ no BG
5.0
139
179
4.80
859
4.3
12-Jul-17
11:34
Outlet 3-2
UV Treated - BG
5.0
131
169
4.80
811
4.8
12-Jul-17
11:37
Outlet 3-3
UV Treated - BG
5.0
130
168
4.80
806
5.4
12-Jul-17
11:40
Outlet 3-4
UV Treated - BG
5.0
131
169
4.80
811
5.2
Vertical Configuration Power Level 7






18-Jul-17
10:09
Outlet 4-1
Background Sample - treated/ no BG
5.0
203
262
4.80
1257
3.4
18-Jul-17
11:44
Outlet 4-2
UV Treated - BG
5.0
189
244
4.80
1170
4.1
18-Jul-17
11:49
Outlet 4-3
UV Treated - BG
5.0
186
240
4.80
1152
4.2
18-Jul-17
11:54
Outlet 4-4
UV Treated - BG
5.0
185
239
4.80
1146
4.3
18-Jul-17
13:25
Outlet 5-1
Background Sample - treated/ no BG
10.0
202
261
2.40
625
3.3
18-Jul-17
14:20
Outlet 5-2
UV Treated - BG
10.0
195
252
2.40
604
3.2
18-Jul-17
14:25
Outlet 5-3
UV Treated - BG
10.0
195
252
2.40
604
3.4
18-Jul-17
14:30
Outlet 5-4
UV Treated - BG
10.0
197
254
2.40
610
3.5
Intensity and dosage computations are based on Solstreme's testing with MS2 Coliophage.
Bg, Bacillus globigiT, gpm, gallons per minute; UV, ultraviolet
Units: mJ/cm2, millijoules/square centimeter; mW/cm2, milliwatts/sqare centimeter; sec, seconds of exposure in device; SU,
Solstreme Units;
June, 2017
Page 12

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Table A2. Manufacturer Supplied Log Reduction Conversion Table for Solstreme Units (SU)
Versus Max Flow at 5 Dosage Settings Based on MS-2 Coliphage Inactivation.
Optimal Flow Rate ¦ GPM
EHffilZEEl

Flow
Intensity
{X35 Seal*}
Rate
6
1.0
9
1.5
12
2 0
15
2,5
18
3.0
21
3.5
24
4.0
26
4.5
29
50
32
5.5
35
6.0
38
65
41
70
44
7,5
47
8.0
50
85
52
9.0
55
9,5
58
10.0
61
10.5
64
110
67
115
70
120
73
12 5
76
13.0
78
135
81
14 0
84
14 5
87
150

MS2 Collophagc Ina
ctivation Guidelines


Destruction %
X35 Unit Dosage


99.99
126


99 999
158


99 9999
210


99.99999
264


99.999999
310







UV Dosage
158

UV Dosage
210

UV Dosage
264
Safety Factor
0.1

Safety Factor
0.1

Safety Factor
0.1
Intensity
(X35 Scalo)
Flow
Rate
(GPM)

Intensity
(X35 Scale)
Flow
Rato
(GPM)

Intensity
	(X3S ScaIo)
13
Flow
Rate
(GPM) [
1.0
8
1,0

10
10

11
1.5

15
1.5

19
1.5
15
2.0

20
2.0

25
2.0
19
25

25
2.5

31
2 5
22
3.0

29
3.0

37
3.0
26
3 5

34
3.5

43
3.5
29
40

39
4.0

49
4.0
33
4.5

44
4.5

55
4.5
37
5.0

49
5.0

61
5,0
40
5.5

53
5.5

67
5.5
44
6.0

58
6.0

73
6.0
48
6,5

63
6 5

79
6.5
51
7.0

68
7.0

85
7.0
55
75

73
7.5

91
7.5
58
8,0

77
8.0

97
8.0
62
8.5

82
8.5

103
8.5
66
9.0

87
9.0

109
9.0
69
9.5

92
9 5

115
9.5
73
10.0

97
10.0

121
10.0
77
10 5

102
105

128
10.5
80
11,0

106
110

134
11.0
84
115

111
11.5

140
11 5
87
120

116
12,0

146
12.0
91
125

121
12.5

152
12.5
95
130

126
130

158
130
98
13.5

130
13,5

164
13.5
102
140

135
14 0

170
14.0
106
14 5

140
145

176
14.5
109
150

145
15.0

182
15 0
im-irrrfEH
ES3JEHS1MKH1

Flow
Intensity
(X3S Scale)
Rate
15
1 0
22
1 5
29
20
36
2.5
43
30
50
35
57
4.0
64
4.5
72
50
79
5.5
86
6.0
93
6.5
100
7.0
107
7.5
114
8.0
121
8.5
128
9.0
135
9 5
143
10.0
150
10.5
157
11.0
164
11.5
171
120
178
12 5
185
13.0
192
13.5
199
140
207
14.5
214
150
June, 2017
Page 13

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