U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Hazard Characterization Document
December, 2009
SCREENING-LEVEL HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION
2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
(CASRN 2163-42-0)
The High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program1 was conceived as a voluntary
initiative aimed at developing and making publicly available screening-level health and
environmental effects information on chemicals manufactured in or imported into the United
States in quantities greater than one million pounds per year. In the Challenge Program,
producers and importers of HPV chemicals voluntarily sponsored chemicals; sponsorship
entailed the identification and initial assessment of the adequacy of existing toxicity
data/information, conducting new testing if adequate data did not exist, and making both new
and existing data and information available to the public. Each complete data submission
contains data on 18 internationally agreed to "SIDS" (Screening Information Data Set1'2)
endpoints that are screening-level indicators of potential hazards (toxicity) for humans or the
environment.
The Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) is
evaluating the data submitted in the HPV Challenge Program on approximately 1400 sponsored
chemicals by developing hazard characterizations (HCs). These HCs consist of an evaluation of
the quality and completeness of the data set provided in the Challenge Program submissions.
They are not intended to be definitive statements regarding the possibility of unreasonable risk of
injury to health or the environment.
The evaluation is performed according to established EPA guidance2'3 and is based primarily on
hazard data provided by sponsors; however, in preparing the hazard characterization, EPA
considered its own comments and public comments on the original submission as well as the
sponsor's responses to comments and revisions made to the submission. In order to determine
whether any new hazard information was developed since the time of the HPV submission, a
search of the following databases was made from one year prior to the date of the HPV
Challenge submission to the present: (ChemID to locate available data sources including
Medline/PubMed, Toxline, HSDB, IRIS, NTP, AT SDR, IARC, EXTOXNET, EPA SRS, etc.),
STN/CAS online databases (Registry file for locators, ChemAbs for toxicology data, RTECS,
Merck, etc.) and Science Direct. OPPT's focus on these specific sources is based on their being
of high quality, highly relevant to hazard characterization, and publicly available.
OPPT does not develop HCs for those HPV chemicals which have already been assessed
internationally through the HPV program of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) and for which Screening Initial Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment
Reports (SIAR) and SIDS Initial Assessment Profiles (SIAP) are available. These documents are
presented in an international forum that involves review and endorsement by governmental
authorities around the world. OPPT is an active participant in these meetings and accepts these
documents as reliable screening-level hazard assessments.
1	U.S. EPA. High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program; http://www.epa.gov/chemrtk/index.htm.
2	U.S. EPA. HPV Challenge Program - Information Sources; http://www.epa.gov/chemrtk/pubs/general/guidocs.htm.
3	U.S. EPA. Risk Assessment Guidelines; http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/raf/rafguid.cfm.

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Hazard Characterization Document
December, 2009
These hazard characterizations are technical documents intended to inform subsequent decisions
and actions by OPPT. Accordingly, the documents are not written with the goal of informing the
general public. However, they do provide a vehicle for public access to a concise assessment of
the raw technical data on HPV chemicals and provide information previously not readily
available to the public.
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Hazard Characterization Document
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Chemical Abstract Service
Registry Number
	(CASRN)	
2163-42-0
Chemical Abstract Index
Name
1,3-Propanediol, 2-methyl-
Structural Formula
o
o
CASRN 2163-42-0 is a liquid with high water solubility and moderate vapor pressure. It is
expected to have high mobility in soil. Volatilization from water and moist soil is considered
low based on its Henry's Law constant. The rate of hydrolysis is considered negligible. The rate
of atmospheric photooxidation is considered moderate. It is expected to have low persistence
(PI) and low bioaccumulation potential (Bl).
Acute oral and inhalation toxicity of CASRN 2163-42-0 in rats and acute dermal toxicity in
rabbits is low. This chemical is not irritating to rabbit and human skin or rabbit eyes and is a
mild sensitizer in guinea pigs. Repeated oral exposure of rats to this chemical showed no
systemic toxicity with a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. In an oral two-generation reproductive
toxicity study in rats, no systemic, reproductive, or developmental (pre- and post-natal) toxicity
was seen up to 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. In oral prenatal developmental toxicity studies with rats and
rabbits, no maternal toxicity or developmental effects were noted up to 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. The
NOAELs for reproductive and developmental toxicity were 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. This chemical
did not induce gene mutation in bacteria and mammalian cells or chromosomal aberrations in
human lymphocyte cells in vitro.
The acute toxicity values of CASRN 2163-42-0 for fish, aquatic invertebrates and aquatic plants
are >100 mg/L.
No data gaps were identified under the HPV Challenge Program.	
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Hazard Characterization Document
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The sponsor, Lyondell Chemical Company, submitted a Test Plan and Robust Summaries to
EPA for 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol (CAS No. 2163-42-0; 9th CI name: 1,3-propanediol, 2-
methyl-) on December, 16, 2003. EPA posted the submission on the ChemRTK HPV Challenge
website on January, 27, 2004
(http://www.epa.gov/oppt/chemrtk/pubs/summaries/2mth3pro/cl4924tc.htm). EPA comments
on the original submission were posted to the website on June 29, 2004. Public comments were
also received and posted to the website. The sponsor submitted updated/revised documents on
August 27, 2004, which were posted to the ChemRTK website on September 21, 2004.
1. Chemical Identity
1.1	Identification and Purity
The HPV submission4 for this chemical did not include information on purity in the Test Plan.
However, the robust summaries identified the purity of the test material to be greater that 99%
(August 2004).
1.2	Physical-Chemical Properties
The physical-chemical properties of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are summarized in Table 1.
2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol is a liquid with high water solubility and moderate vapor pressure.
Table 1. Physical-Chemical Properties of 2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol1
Property
Value
CASRN
2163-42-0
Molecular Weight
90.12
Physical State
Viscous liquid
Melting Point
<-54°C (measured)
Boiling Point
212°C (measured)
Vapor Pressure
2.1xl0"2 mm Hg at 25°C (measured)
Water Solubility
>3,000 mg/L at 25°C (measured)
Dissociation Constant (pKa)
Not applicable
Henry's Law Constant
2.3 x 10"7 atm-m'/mole (estimated)
Log Kow
0.24 (measured)
lyondell Chemical Company. September 21, 2004. Revised Test Plan and Robust Summary for 2-Methyl-
1,3-Propanediol, http://www.epa.gov/oppt/chemrtk/pubs/summaries/2mth3pro/cl4924tc.htm.
4Lyondell Chemical Company (2003). 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol, CASRN 2163420. Robust Summary.
http://www.epa.gov/oppt/chemrtk/pubs/summaries/2mth3pro/cl4924tc.htm
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2. General Information on Exposure
2.1	Production Volume and Use Pattern
2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol had an aggregated production volume and/or import in the United
States between 10 and 50 million pounds during calendar year 2005.
Information submitted as part of 2006 IUR for the industrial processing and use and commercial
and consumer use of this chemical was claimed as confidential. The HSDB indicates that the
chemical is primarily used as a solvent in personal care products (neutralizer, emollient,
emulsifier, and humectant) as well as in the manufacture of resins and coatings. The HPV
submission states that the chemical is used to manufacture resins and coatings which are used in
applications such as bathroom countertops and tubs as well as boat manufacture.
2.2	Environmental Exposure and Fate
No quantitative information is available on releases of this chemical to the environment.
The environmental fate properties are provided in Table 2. 2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol is a liquid
with high water solubility and moderate vapor pressure. It is expected to have high mobility in
soil. Volatilization of 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol from water and moist soil is considered low
based on its Henry's Law constant. The rate of hydrolysis is considered negligible. The rate of
atmospheric photooxidation is considered moderate. 2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol is expected to
have low persistence (PI) and low bioaccumulation potential (Bl).
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Hazard Characterization Document
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Table 2. Environmental Fate Characteristics of l-Methyl-l^-Propanediol1
Property
Value
Photodegradation Half-life
11.2 hours (estimated)
Hydrolysis Half-life
Stable
Biodegradation
54% in 28 days (at lOmg/L) in Sturm test (not readily
biodegradable)
Bi oconcentrati on
BCF = 3 (estimated)
Log Koc
0.0 (estimated)2
Fugacity
(Level III Model)
Air = 3.33%
Water = 49.2%
Soil = 47.4%
Sediment = 0.0736%
Persistence3
PI (low)
•>
Bioaccumulation
Bl (low)
'Lyondcll Chemical Company. September 21, 2004. Revised Test Plan and Robust Summary for 2-Methyl-
1,3-Propanediol, http://www.epa.gov/oppt/chemrtk/pubs/summaries/2mth3pro/cl4924tc.htm.
2USEPA. 2008. Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for Microsoft® Windows, v 3.20. United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/exposure/pubs/episuite.htm.
3Federal Register. 1999. Category for Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic New Chemical Substances.
Federal Register 64, Number 213 (November 4, 1999) pp. 60194-60204.
3. Human Health Hazard
The human health hazard data are summarized in Table 3.
Acute Oral Toxicity
Wistar rats (10/sex) were administered 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol via gavage at 5000 mg/kg-bw
and observed for 14 days. All animals survived to scheduled necropsy. Clinical signs of toxicity
included diarrhea, chromorhinorrhea and soiling of the anogenital area. Necropsy findings
included pink fluid in the bladder of two animals.
LD50 > 5000 mg/kg-bw
Acute Inhalation Toxicity
Wistar rats (5/sex) were exposed to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol at a nominal concentration of 5100
mg/m3 (5.1 mg/L) for 4 hours and observed for 14 days. Necropsy findings from three males
and all females were limited to the lungs and comprised thickened hyaline spots or small areas
on all lobes. Small white areas were also apparent in one male.
LC50 > 5.1 mg/L
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Acute Dermal Toxicity
New Zealand White rabbits (10/sex) were administered 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol dermally at
2000 mg/kg-bw for 24 hours and observed for 14 days. Clinical signs of toxicity included
diarrhea, yellow nasal discharge, few feces, bloated abdomen and soiling of the anogenital area.
Mean male and female body weights were not decreased during the observation period. One
female died on study day 12. Necropsy findings in the decedent animal included abnormalities
of the lungs (congested, hemorrhagic), pleural cavity (excess fluid), liver (pale margins) and
gastrointestinal tract (red areas, gas filled). Necropsy findings among three of the nine of the
survivors included abnormalities of the kidney (dark areas) and gastrointestinal tract (distended
with yellow liquid contents). One animal had a tissue mass and hemorrhagic areas in the dorsal
abdominal wall.
LD50 > 2000 mg/kg-bw
Repeated-Dose Toxicity
Wistar rats (10/sex/group) were administered 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol via gavage at 0, 300, 600
or 1000 mg/kg-bw/day for at least 91 consecutive days. There was no mortality, morbidity or
clinical signs of toxicity in any group. No treatment-related effects were observed on body
weight, food consumption, ophthalmology examination, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ
weights, gross pathology or histopathology.
NOAEL = 1000 mg/kg-bw/day (based on no effects at the highest dose tested)
Reproductive Toxicity
(1) In a two-generation reproductive toxicity study, Sprague-Dawley rats (30/sex/dose) were
administered 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol via gavage at 0 (deionized water), 100, 300 or 1000
mg/kg-bw/day for a minimum of 70 days prior to mating. The exposure period of the F0
generation continued throughout mating, gestation and lactation until euthanasia. The F1
generation was exposed in utero and throughout lactation and weaning until postnatal day (PND)
21. Males and females from the F1 generation selected for mating were treated from PND 22, as
described for the F0 generation. One male from the 300 mg/kg-bw/day F0 generation was
euthanized in extremis, but all other animals survived to scheduled necropsy. No treatment-
related clinical findings were apparent. Exposure to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol did not result in
any changes in body weight, food intake, reproductive performance (mating index, fertility
index, mean pre-coital interval, estrous cycle length), gestation length, sperm parameters
(motility, morphology or production rate) or litter and offspring parameters (live litter size,
number live pups, males/litter, pup survival, pup body weight, anogenital distance) in any
generation. Necropsy observations were unremarkable.
NOAEL (systemic and reproductive toxicity) = 1000 mg/kg-bw/day (based on no effects at
the highest dose tested)
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Developmental Toxicity
(1)	Pregnant Wistar rats (24/dose) were administered 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol via gavage at 0,
300, 600 or 1000 mg/kg-bw/day once daily on gestation days 0 - 20. With the exception of a
single female from the 1000 mg/kg-bw/day group, all females were pregnant. Treatment with 2-
methyl-l,3-propanediol in the dams did not produce morbidity, premature deaths, clinical signs
of toxicity, changes in maternal body weight, body weight gain, food consumption or
macroscopic abnormalities at necropsy. No differences were noted in pre-implantation loss or
number of live fetuses/group compared with historical controls. Fetal sex ratios were
comparable among dose groups. A slight decrease in fetal body weight (< 2% decrease) was
observed in litters from dams given 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. No treatment-related macroscopic
changes or visceral or skeletal alterations were reported.
NOAEL (maternal and developmental toxicity) = 1000 mg/kg-bw/day (based on no effects at
the highest dose tested)
(2)	Pregnant Wistar rats (25/dose) were administered 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol via gavage at 0,
100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg-bw/day on gestation days 0 - 19. All dams survived until scheduled
necropsy. Treatment with 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol in the dams did not produce clinical signs
of toxicity, changes in maternal body weight, body weight gain or macroscopic abnormalities at
necropsy. Maternal reproduction data showed no effect of treatment on the number of pregnant
females that delivered litters, pre-implantation loss (compared with historical controls), late
resorptions or number of corpora lutea or implantation sites. Interuterine growth and survival
and mean litter size were unaffected by treatment with 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol. Fetal sex
ratios were comparable between the doses and fetal weight was unaffected by treatment. No soft
tissue malformation or developmental variations were observed. No consistent treatment-related
differences in ossification parameters - were found; observed unossified sternebrae, ossified
cervical centrum and rudimentary ribs were considered unrelated to treatment.
NOAEL (maternal and developmental toxicity) = 1000 mg/kg-bw/day (based on no effects at
the highest dose tested)
(3)	New Zealand White rabbits (female; no./dose not indicated) were administered 2-methyl-l,3-
propanediol via gavage at 0, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg-bw/day on gestation days 0 - 28.
Treatment with 2-methyl-1,3 -propanediol did not produce morbidity, clinical signs of toxicity,
changes in maternal body weight, body-weight gain or food consumption or macroscopic
abnormalities at necropsy. Maternal reproduction data showed no effect of treatment on the
number of pregnant females that delivered litters or interuterine growth and survival (post-
implantation loss, live litter size, fetal body weight, fetal sex ratio). There was no evidence of a
treatment-related effect on external, soft tissue or skeletal malformations or variations.
NOAEL (maternal and developmental toxicity) = 1000 mg/kg-bw/day (based on no effects at
the highest dose tested)
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Genetic Toxicity — Gene Mutation
In vitro
(1)	Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1537, TA98, TA1535 and TA100 were exposed to 2-
methyl-l,3-propanediol at concentrations of 100, 333, 1000, 3330 or 5000 |j,g/plate in the
presence and absence of metabolic activation. Positive and negative controls were tested
concurrently and produced appropriate responses. Cytotoxicity was not observed at any dose. A
negative response was obtained in all tester strains.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol was not mutagenic in this assay.
(2)	Chinese hamster cells (V79) were exposed to 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol at concentrations of
333, 1000, 3330 and 5000 |j,g/mL in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. A
satisfactory response was obtained for both the solvent control and the positive control
substances. Cytotoxicity was not observed at any dose. There was no increase in mutant
frequency at the HPRT-locus in either of the independent repeat studies.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol was not mutagenic in this assay.
Genetic Toxicity — Chromosomal Aberrations
In vitro
Human lymphocytes were exposed to 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol at concentrations of 10 - 5000
Hg/mL in the absence of metabolic activation and 333 - 5000 |j,g/mL in the presence of
activation. Positive controls were tested concurrently and produced an appropriate response.
Cytotoxicity was not observed at any dose. There was no biologically meaningful increase in
chromosomal aberrations.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol did not induce chromosomal aberrations in this assay.
Additional Information
Skin Irritation
(1)	New Zealand Albino rabbits (six/dose, gender not specified) were administered undiluted 2-
methyl-l,3-propanediol on to two intact and two abraded sites per animal under an occlusive
dressing for 24 hours and observed for 72 hours post-application. No erythema or edema was
noted during the observation period. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol was not irritating to rabbit skin in this assay.
(2)	Volunteers (25 male and female subjects, ages 18-70 years) were dermally exposed daily to
2-methyl-l,3-propanediol as an undiluted liquid (100%) or as a 50% aqueous solution under an
occluded dressing for 14 days. 2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol did not exhibit a potential for
cumulative dermal irritation in 25 subjects with self-assessed sensitive skin.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol was not irritating to human skin in this assay.
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Eye Irritation
(1)	New Zealand Albino rabbits (six/dose, gender not specified) were instilled with 0.1 mL of
undiluted 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol in to one eye per rabbit for 24 hours and observed for 72
hours. All six treated eyes appeared normal with no corneal, irridial or conjunctival reactions
present.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol was not irritating to rabbit eyes in this assay.
(2)	New Zealand Albino rabbits (three/dose, gender not specified) were instilled with 0.1 mL of
undiluted 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol in to one eye per rabbit for 0.5 minutes, washed with
lukewarm water for 20 - 30 seconds and observed for 72 hours. No corneal or irridial reactions
were present; however, slight conjunctival redness was present in one rabbit at 24 hours.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol was not irritating to rabbit eyes in this assay.
Skin Sensitization
(1) In a guinea pig maximization test, 20 Himalayan albino guinea pigs were administered three
pairs of intradermal injections of 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol in an area of clipped scapular skin
during the induction phase. These injections included 10% w/w of 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol in
physiological saline, 50% w/w Freunds Complete Adjuvant in distilled water and 10% w/w 2-
methyl-l,3-propanediol in 50% aqueous Freunds Complete Adjuvant. A topical induction was
also completed involving 0.5 mL of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, undiluted, applied with an
occlusive dressing for 48 hours. In the challenge phase, 0.5 mL of a solution of 2-methyl-l,3-
propanediol was applied (0 [distilled water], 25, 50 and 100%) under occlusion for 24 hours and
observed for 48 hours post-challenge. No erythema or edema was present 48 hours after dermal
exposure (induction phase). No skin reactions were present after the challenge phase. No
mortality or signs of systemic toxicity were noted. Average body weight gain in treated animals
was slightly greater than that of the controls. Slight redness (grade 1) was noted in 3/20 (15%)
of the test group after the challenge with 50% of 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol was mildly sensitizing in this assay.
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(2) Five studies evaluated the potential for dermal sensitization in humans. Male and female
subjects (104 - 110/study) were given a patch-test using 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol. In the
induction phase, approximately 0.2 mL of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (50% aqueous dilution) was
applied to the skin with an occlusive or semi-occlusive dressing and removed after 24 hours.
The application was repeated 3 times/week for a total of 9 - 10 applications. Skin reactions were
evaluated 24 or 48 hours later, immediately prior to re-application of the patch. In the challenge
phase, a patch containing 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (50% aqueous dilution) was applied 2 weeks
after the 10th application (occlusive or other condition was not specified). These were removed
after a 24-hour contact period and reactions at the skin site assessed immediately and again after
24 - 72 hours. Subjects that responded to the challenge were re-challenged 7 days later under
occlusive and semi-occlusive conditions. Mild skin irritation was observed in some subjects
during the induction phase (< 10% of participants). A mild delayed reaction was seen during the
challenge phase in only one study (< 5% of subjects), but it is unclear if these were irritant or
allergic in nature.
2-Methyl-l,3-propanediol was not sensitizing in four out of five studies; equivocal findings
were provided in one study.
Conclusion: Acute oral and inhalation toxicity of CASRN 2163-42-0 in rats and acute dermal
toxicity in rabbits is low. This chemical is not irritating to rabbit and human skin or rabbit eyes
and is a mild sensitizer in guinea pigs. Repeated oral exposure of rats to this chemical showed
no systemic toxicity with a NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. In an oral two-generation
reproductive toxicity study in rats, no systemic, reproductive, or developmental (pre- and post-
natal) toxicity was seen up to 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. In oral prenatal developmental toxicity
studies with rats and rabbits, no maternal toxicity or developmental effects were noted up to
1000 mg/kg-bw/day. The NOAELs for reproductive and developmental toxicity were 1000
mg/kg-bw/day. This chemical did not induce gene mutation in bacteria and mammalian cells or
chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cells in vitro.
4. Hazard to the Environment
The environmental hazard data are summarized in Table 3.
Acute Toxicity to Fish
Carp (Cyprinus carpio, 10/vessel) were exposed to 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol at nominal
concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/L under static conditions for 96 hours. Mean
measured concentrations for the highest nominal concentration were 891 mg/L at the start of the
study and 979 mg/L at 96 hours. No mortality was noted at any point in either control or test
vessels in the study.
96-h LCso > 1000 mg/L
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Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates
Water fleas (.Daphnia magna, 10/vessel) were exposed to 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol at nominal
concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/L under static conditions for 48 hours. Mean
measured concentrations for the highest nominal concentration were 1023 mg/L at the start of the
study and 1032 mg/L at 96 hours. No immobilization was noted at 24 or 48 hours in either the
control or test vessels.
48-h EC50 > 1000 mg/L
Toxicity to Aquatic Plants
Green algae (Scendesmus subspicatus) were exposed to 2-methyl-l,3-propanediol at nominal
concentrations of 0, 100, 180, 320, 560 or 1000 mg/L under static conditions for 72 hours.
Measured concentrations for the 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L were 120, 361 and 873 mg/L at the
start of the study and 100, 383 and 1023 mg/L at 72 hours. No significant inhibition of cell
growth or reduction of growth rate was noted at any concentration tested.
72-h EC50 (growth) > 1000 mg/L
Conclusion: The acute toxicity values of CASRN 2163-42-0 for fish, aquatic invertebrates and
aquatic plants are >100 mg/L.
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Table 3. Summary Table of the Screening Information Data Set
as Submitted under the U.S. HPV Challenge Program
Endpoints
SPONSORED CHEMICAL
2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
(2163-42-0)
Summary of Human Health Data
Acute Oral Toxicity
LD5o (mg/kg-bw)
>5000
Acute Inhalation Toxicity
LC5o (mg/L)
>5.1
Acute Dermal Toxicity
LD50 (mg/kg-bw)
>2000
Repeated-Dose Toxicity
NOAEL/LOAEL
Oral (mg/kg-bw/day)
NOAEL = 1000
Reproductive Toxicity
NOAEL/LOAEL
Oral (mg/kg-bw/day)
Systemic & Reproductive Toxicity
NOAEL = 1000
Developmental Toxicity
NOAEL/LOAEL
Oral (mg/kg-bw/day)
Maternal and Developmental Toxicity
NOAEL = 1000
Genetic Toxicity - Gene Mutation
In vitro
Negative
Genetic Toxicity - Chromosomal Aberrations
In vitro
Negative
Additional Information
Skin Irritation
Eye Irritation
Sensitization
Not irritating
Not irritating
Mild sensitizer
Summary of Environmental Effects - Aquatic Toxicity Data
Fish
96-h LCso (mg/L)
> 1000
Aquatic Invertebrates
48-h ECso (mg/L)
> 1000
Aquatic Plants
72-h ECso (mg/L)
(growth)
> 1000
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