Land Division
RCRA Facilities Management Office • March 2015
75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105
866-EPA-WEST • www.epa.gov/region9
v»EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Pacific Southwest/Region 9
Saving Arizona, California, Hcafaii, Nevada, the Pacific Islands and 148 Tribes
Steps to Risk Assessment
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Measure Emissions
EPA conducted a trial burn at the
facility to find out amounts of
chemicals coming out of the
Evoqua facility's smokestack.
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Identify Possible Exposure Routes
EPA considered exposures via:
•	Breathing in of chemicals
from the smokestack;
•	Eating food or touching
soils that have absorbed
chemicals; and
•	Eating fish potentially
affected by chemicals in
wastewater.
Determine Chemical Concentrations
EPA determined the concen-
trations of chemicals through
those exposure pathways which
could reach human and animal
populations.
Calculate Potential Impacts
Ji

Based on information from existing scientific studies
with these chemicals, EPA calculates the potential
impacts to humans and animals.
LOAEL
NOAEL
Evoqua Quick Facts
What does the facility do?
The: Evoqua facility treats spent carbon — a filtration
material — by putting it in a furnace to remove con-
tamination.
Where is the facility?
The facility is approximately a mile southeast of
Parker, AZ.
How long has the Evoqua facility been around?
The Evoqua facility has been operating since 1992.
But it has had different names throughout its lifetime
including Siemens, US Filter, and Westates Carbon.
Why did EPA do a Risk Assessment?
The: Evoqua facility is regulated by EPA under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
because it handles hazardous waste. A Risk Assess-
ment is one way to make sure that the facility is
operating safely
What is EPA doing now?
EPA will also be making a decision about whether or
not to issue a RCRA permit to allow the facility to
continue managing hazardous waste. Such a permit
would create additional requirements for operations
at the facility.
Risk Considerations
In conducting the risk assessment, EPA
considered the following populations:
•	Elderly
•	Pregnant
•	Children
•	Facility Workers
•	Farmers, Fishermen, and Hunters
15 20 25
Dose (mg/kg)

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1 in 100,000 is EPA's risk threshold. This means
that in a town of 100,000 people, at most 1 additional
person might develop cancer over a lifetime (70 years)
of exposure to chemicals emitted from the Evoqua
facility.
With regard to this threshold, EPA has deter-
mined that impacts from long-term exposure to
the Evoqua facility emissions are insignificant.
What Typically Comes Out of the Smokestack?
Nitrogen
,42.2%
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
3.9%
Other
0.006%
Water (steam)
49.2%
Nitrogen Oxides
0.005%
Hydrogen Chloride and
Chlorine
0.00023%
Carbon Monoxide
0.0002%
Ash
0.00007%
Metals
0.0000004%
Organics (estimated)
0.0000005%
Dioxin
0.0000000000001%
Contacts
Please contact the following with questions or
comments:
"Mike" Mahfouz Zabaneh, Project Manager
Phone: (415) 972-3348
zabaneh.mahfouz@epa.gov
Dr. Patrick Wilson, Senior Regional Toxicologist
Phone: (415) 972-3354
wilson.patrick@epa.gov
Mailing Address:
U.S. EPA Region 9 (WST-4)
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
For media inquiries, please contact:
Margot Perez-Sullivan
Phone: (415) 947-4149
perezsullivan.margot@epa.gov
The complete text of the risk assessment is available
online at:
http://www.epa.gov/region09/waste/siemens/pdf/
RiskAssessment/siemens-riskassess-report.pdf

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