User's Guide
Tribal Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Tool: Community
Module
June 2016
Prepared for:
State and Local Climate and Energy Program
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Prepared by:
ICF International
1725 Eye Street, NW
Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20006
Tel: (202} 862-1200
Fax: (202) 862-1144
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Contents
List of Tables and Figures ii
Acronyms and Abbreviations iii
Getting Started 1
1. Tool Overview 1
2. Getting Started 1
Microsoft Excel Settings 1
Microsoft Excel Security 1
Navigating the Tool 4
Data Requirements 5
Tool Layout 8
Background Controls 8
GHG Emission Scopes 8
Inventory Calculations 9
3. Sheet Instructions and Methodology 14
Control Sheet 15
Stationary Combustion and Electricity Consumption Inventory Sheets 15
Solid Waste Inventory Sheets 18
Wastewater Treatment Inventory Sheets 19
Water Emissions Inventory Sheet 19
Agriculture & Land Management Inventory Sheet 19
Forestry Inventory Sheet 20
Waste Generation Inventory Sheet 20
Additional Sources Inventory Sheet 20
4. Uncertainty 20
5. Tool References 20
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Tables and Figures
Tables Page
Table 1. Required Data Inputs for the Local Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool—Inventory Calculations 6
Figures Page
Figure 1. Enabling Macros, Excel 2010 2
Figure 2. Enabling Macros, Excel 2007 3
Figure 3. Table of Contents 4
Figure 4. Sheet Navigation and Tracking Tools 5
Figure 5. Table of Contents with Completed Sheet 5
Figure 6. Stationary and Electricity Data Sheets 17
Figure 7. Mobile Entry—Update Calculations 18
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
%
BAU
eons
CM i
C02
CO2G
days/yr
eGRID
EPA
ft*
ft3/yr
GPC
G.G.E.
kg
kWh
kg N/day
LFG
LGOP
mcf
MMSCF
MMSCF/yr
MT
NzO
WARM
percent
business-as-usual
Biological Oxygen Demand (the amount of oxygen consumed in five days by
decomposing waste, used to measure the amount of waste input or output
into a system)
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions
days per year
Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
cubic feet
cubic feet per year
Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG Emissions
gasoline gallon equivalent
kilograms
kilowatt-hours
kilograms of Nitrogen per day
Landfill gas
Local Government Operations Protocol
thousand standard cubic feet
million standard cubic feet
million standard cubic feet per year
metric Tons
Nitrous oxide
EPA's WAste Reduction Model
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Getting Started
1. Tool Overview
This User's Guide accompanies and explains the Tribal Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool: Community
Module. The tool was developed to support tribal communities across the United States to evaluate
their greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding these emission levels provide a base year for
tracking emission trends, developing mitigation strategies and policies, and assessing progress
towards meeting goals.
The tool helps users to develop a base year community greenhouse gas inventory, following the
Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG Emissions (GPC). This is a companion tool to the Tribal
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool: Government Operations Module, and any totals estimated in the
Government Operations Module should be included in the Industrial/Commercial sector in the
Community module. This tool is not intended for use in developing a Tribe's Quality Assurance
Projection Plan. A resource for assisting in your Quality Assurance Project Plan is available online at:
http://www.epa.gov/regionl/lab/qa/qaproiectplandevtool.html.
2. Getting Started
The Community Module was developed using Microsoft® Excel 2007 and 2010. The tool will only
operate properly using Excel 2007 or later. Before using the tool, ensure your computer meets the
system requirements. In order to install and run the tool, you must have:
• IBM-PC compatible computer with the Windows XP operating system or later;
• Microsoft® Excel 2007 or later, with calculation set to automatic and macros enabled;
• Hard drive with at least 20MB free; and
• Monitor display setting of 800 x 600 or greater.
Microsoft Excel Settings
For the tool to function properly, Excel must be set to automatic calculation. Go to the Formulas
ribbon and select "Calculation Options." Make sure that the box next to the "Automatic" option is
checked.
Microsoft Excel Security
If Excel's security settings are set at the default level, a Security Warning appears above the formula
box in Excel when the file is initially opened (Figure 1).
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Figure 1. Enabling Macros, Excel 2010
Community Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool
What is the Community Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool?
Thistool is designed to help cities evaluate and estimategreenhouse gas emissions within their communities. This tool can help cities understand
their greenhouse gas emissions profile and the sectors driving emissions, provides a baseline fortracking emission trends, and can feed into an
action plan that will address and reduce emissions.
The tool helps users to develop a baseline greenhouse gas inventory for communities, accordingto the Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG
Emissions (GPC), version 0.9.
Use of default data:
Thistool gives users the option of applying theirown locality-specific data or in some cases using pre-loaded default data. The default data are
gathered by federal agencies and other sources coveringthe default emission factors and system assumptions needed to calculate emissions
accordingto the GPC.
Important Terminology:
Scope-A common means of categorizing direct and indirect emissions to improve transparency and for identifyingdifferenttypes of climate policies
and goals. There are three scopes of emissions:
~' Introduction Itead Me TOC DeMtfons
The Security Warning lets the user know that some active content from the spreadsheet has been
disabled, meaning that Excel has prevented the macros in the spreadsheet from functioning. Since
the Community Module needs macros in order to function properly, the user must enable macros.
To do so in Excel 2010, simply click the "Enable Content" button in the security message (Figure 1).
To do so in Excel 2007, click the "Options" button in the security message and then select, "Enable
this content" in the pop-up box (Figure 2). Enabling the macro content for the tool in these ways
only enables macros while you are using this spreadsheet. The security settings will return to your
default when you close the spreadsheet.
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Figure 2. Enabling Macros, Excel 2007
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2) Click OK
If the Security Warning does not appear when the tool is first opened, it may be necessary to change the
security settings for macros.
To change the settings in Excel 2010, follow the steps below:
1. Exit out of the tool and re-launch Microsoft Excel without opening the Community Module.
2. On the "File" tab, select Options from the bottom of the left-hand menu.
3. In the Excel Options pop-up box, click on "Trust Center" at the bottom of the left-hand
menu.
4. Click on the gray "Trust Center Settings" button.
5. When the Trust Center options box appears, click "Macro Settings" in the left-hand menu.
6. Select "Disable all macros with notification."
7. Click "OK" to exit out of all pop-up boxes.
8. Once the security level has been adjusted, open the tool and enable macros in the manner
described in Figure 1 above.
To change the settings in Excel 2007, follow the steps below:
1. Exit out of the tool and re-launch Microsoft Excel without opening the Community Module.
2. Click on the Microsoft Excel icon in the top left of the screen.
3. Scroll to the bottom of the menu and select the "Excel Options" button to the right of the
main menu.
4. When the Excel Options box appears, select "Trust Center" in the left hand menu of the box.
5. Click the gray "Trust Center Settings" button.
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6. When the Trust Center options box appears, click "Macro Settings" in the left-hand menu.
7. Select "Disable all macros with notification."
8. Click "OK" to exit out of all pop-up boxes.
Once the security level has been adjusted, open the tool and enable macros in the manner
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GH6 emissions associated with the consumption of purchased or acquired electricity, steam, heating, or cooling for
WIS.
-indirect emissions not covered tn Scope 2, such as emissions from vehicles not owned or controlled by the city (e.g..
jtes), waste disposal, or emissions from agriculture, land management, and urban forestry.
ision factor ts an amount of GHG emissions associated with a unit of actftrtty data. For example, kg CO; emitted per kWh
3j/kWh),orBs CO; emitted per gallon of gasoline (a>CO;/gaij.
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9. above.
Navigating the Tool
The Community Module's Table of Contents is its main navigational portal. The Table of Contents is
also used to track your progress throughout the tool. You may click on the name of any part of the
tool within the Table of Contents to be taken to that sheet (Figure 3). Every sheet also features an
arrow-shaped navigation button on the upper right-hand corner that returns the user to the Table of
Contents.
There are two main sections of this tool: Background Data Collection and Emissions Calculations. In
each, the user will enter data to configure the tool to their specific community and receive
customized results.
Figure 3. Table of Contents
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Introduction Read Me TOC Definitions Stationary-Entry Stationary-Data Stationary-Giles Mobile-Entry Mobile-Data Mobile-Summary <
The Table of Contents is also used to track your progress as you complete the tool. On every sheet that
requires user action, you will see a check box in the upper right-hand corner of the tool that reads
"Check if you have completed this sheet" (
Figure 4). Check this box as you complete each sheet. Doing so will change the color of that sheet's icon
in the Table of Contents. For example, Figure 5 shows the Table of Contents after the "Mobile
Combustion - Entry" sheet has been completed. The "Mobile Combustion - Entry Sheet" box has
changed, and is now filled in with color.
Figure 4. Sheet Navigation and Tracking Tools
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Figure 5. Table of Contents with Completed Sheet
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Data Requirements
The Community Module is designed to accept any level of data granularity in order to be flexible to
the needs and constraints of different cities. Data can be entered at any scale, ranging from tribal-
wide activity data to data by reservation, facility, or meter. The more specific the data provided by
the user, however, the more accurate and useful the tool will be. See Box 1 for details.
The GHG inventory segment of the tool proceeds through nine main sectors of community-scale
emissions. These sectors and the type of data the user needs to provide are show in
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Table 1. Gray cells indicate if a default value is available for that input or if the input is optional.
In general, this tool is pre-programmed with default emission factors and system assumptions
needed to calculate emissions from the Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG Emissions, and
the LGOP. Default emission factors are generally provided from national or state publications, and
provide a relatively accurate estimate of emissions. If local, or site-specific factors are available for
your locality, those should be used to overwrite the default factors. Wherever possible in the
inventory process, default values are used. The tool provides users the option to use default data or
to override default values if they have tribe-specific information.
Throughout the tool, cells are shaded yellow where the user is required to enter data.
Box 1. GHG Inventory Data Input Options
Option A: "Quick" Inventory
• Enter tribe-wide fuel, electricity, and water consumption data by sector.
• This method takes less time, but does not allow the tool to as effectively calculate emission
levels.
Option B: Comprehensive Inventory
• Enter fuel, electricity, water consumption by facility, by sector.
• This method requires more time and data availability from the user, but provides the most
accurate GHG inventory.
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Table 1. Required Data Inputs for the Community Module—Inventory Calculations
GHG Sectors
Input Data
Stationary Combustion of Fossil Fuels
(e.g. fuel use at residential, commercial,
industrial, and electric generating
facilities)
Electricity Consumption
Mobile Combustion of Fossil Fuels
(e.g. fuel use by vehicles)
Solid Waste Management
Wastewater Treatment
Agriculture & Land Management
Forestry
Waste Generation
Water Use
Additional Emission Sources
Stationary fuel use (by fuel type, by sector)
Electricity consumed (kWh)
Electric utility
Fuel consumed (by fuel type) (gallons or G.G.E.)
Vehicle Miles Traveled (miles)
Vehicle Model Year
Vehicle Type
Landfills (number)
Landfill Gas Collected (MMSCF/yr)
Fraction of CH4 in landfill gas
Landfill Gas Collection Area (fraction)
Wastewater treatment process details (aerobic, anaerobic,
nitrification, denitrification)
Population served by wastewater treatment system(s) (people)
Population served by septic systems (people)
Digester gas produced daily (ft3/day)
Fraction of CH4 in biogas
System BOD5 load/influent (kg BOD5/day)
Fraction BOD5 removed in primary treatment
Industrial Nitrogen load (kg N/day)
Average total Nitrogen discharged (kg N/day)
Synthetic fertilizer use (short tons N)
Organic fertilizer use (short tons)
Manure fertilizer use (short tons)
Total reservation area (km2)
Area with tree cover (%)
Waste emissions (MTC02e from EPA's Waste Reduction Model)
Sector contribution to total waste (%)
Percentage of imported water (%)
Water use (gallons)
GHG emissions from each additional source, by gas (MT C02e)
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Tool Layout
There are two main sections of this tool: Background Data Collection, and Emissions Calculations. In
each, the user will enter data to configure the tool to their specific community and receive
customized results.
Background Controls
On the Inventory Control Sheet, identify the tribe, and the inventory year for the inventory. The
sectors in the Community Module have already been determined and follow in line with the sectors
provided in the Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG Emissions. The sectors used in the tool
set up the tool to reflect organizational units for which the most common data are available at the
community level.
The user will also set up information about their electricity providers. Users can select which eGRID
sub-region serves the area, view the default emission factors, and can enter up to five utilities with
utility-specific emission factors (if available).
GHG Emission Scopes
To account for direct and indirect emissions, and to provide transparency and a guiding framework
for the inventory tool, GHG estimates are categorized according to 3 scopes. The following scopes
are defined by the Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG Emissions and are used throughout
the tool:
Scope 1: All direct GHG emission sources from activities taking place within the community's
geopolitical boundary.
Scope 2: Energy-related indirect emissions that result as a consequence of consumption of grid-
supplied electricity, heating and/or cooling, within the community's geopolitical boundary.
Scope 3: All other indirect emissions not covered in Scope 2, such as emissions resulting from the
extraction and production of purchased materials and fuels, outsourced activities, waste disposal,
etc.
In addition to accounting for emissions according to these 3 scopes, the GPC provides guidance on
imports and exports by a community, and how emissions for these should be taken into account. As
an example in the GPC (on pg. 86), waste imported into the city is reported as Scope 1 emission
estimates. Waste generated by the city and exported and treated outside of the city's boundaries is
included in Scope 3 estimates. The Community GHG Inventory Tool accounts for in-boundary
consumption and resulting emissions and excludes any emissions released from products consumed
or services exported from the locality.
In addition, the following graphic highlights sources of emissions that might be applicable to your
community.
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Transport
(International)
Residential 3uildings
Transport
(In-City)
Transport
(Inter-City)
Commercial/Institutional
Waste Management
(In-City)
Waste Management
(Inter-City)
Exchanged
goods and
services
Agriculture, Forestry
and Land Use (AFOLU)
Industrial
(Inter-City)
Energy Industries
Energy Exchange,
(inter-City)
Exchanged
goods and '
services - -
(International)
Source: Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG Emissions (GPC)
Since Scope 3 emissions vary in complexity and in the activities they represent, it is recommended that
users calculate emission estimates for additional sources outside the tool and enter the estimates in the
Additional Emission Sources worksheet. An example of Scope 3 calculations from one local government
is included in the box below.
Lakewood Colorado 2007 GHG Inventory Report Scope 3 Emissions
Lakewood included Scope 3 emissions in the Materials and Waste Sector for cement (per capita),
water and wastewater fugitive emissions, fuel production, food production, and municipal solid
waste (MSW). Examples for cement consumption and food production are included below.
• For cement use, Lakewood established total cement consumption for the state from a
Colorado Economic report. The city then determined per capita cement consumption by
using the total expenditure of cement products in Colorado by the cost of cement per
kilogram. The kilograms of cement attributed to the Lakewood population were calculated
by taking the proportion of Lakewood population to the total Colorado population. The
cement emission factor was taken from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's
(NREL) Life Cycle Inventory Database.
• Lakewood calculated the embodied energy from food and food packaging by first collecting
information on food expenditures on a per-household basis from the Consumer
Expenditure Survey. The city then estimated emissions by applying an emission factor (kg
C02e/$ food consumed) from a Carnegie Mellon University Green Design Institute report.
After the user has configured the tool on the Control Sheet, the tool will calculate the community
emissions, or the base year greenhouse gas inventory for the community. The inventory is separated
Inventory Calculations
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into the 9 main emission sources below, from the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP),
and these sources are further organized by scope. Users can also enter emissions for any additional
sources they would like to calculate outside of the tool, and enter the estimates in the Additional
Emission Sources worksheet.
1. Stationary Combustion of Fossil Fuels (Scope 1)
2. Building/Facility Electricity Consumption (Scope 2)
3. Mobile Combustion of Fossil Fuels (Fleet) (Scope 1)
4. Solid Waste Disposal (Scope 1)
5. Wastewater Treatment (Scope 1)
6. Water Consumption (Scope 3)
7. Agriculture & Land Management (Scope 3)
8. Forestry (Scope 3)
9. Waste Generation (Scope 3)
10. Additional Emission Sources (optional) (Scopel, 2, or 3)
For each source, the user will be asked to enter data about relevant community activities (e.g.
electricity consumed, fuel used) during the inventory base year. The tool can be used to develop
emissions estimates for a base year, as well as used to track emissions over time if different versions
of the Excel file are saved. Default emission factors for each activity are provided, and the user is
given the option to override these factors, if necessary. There are multiple sheets for some emission
sources, but not for all sources. Each emissions source follows a distinct process the user will follow
to determine the emissions, as explained below:
Stationary Combustion, Electricity Use, and Mobile Combustion
1. Users enter activity/fuel use data on Entry Sheet OR
2. Users can batch import data on Data Sheet.
3. Emissions are calculated and summarized on the Calculation Sheet.
Solid Waste
1. Users answer questions about their tribe's solid waste disposal system on the Control Sheet.
2. Based on the answers to the questions, users will enter data about their solid waste system and
view emissions summary on the Entry, Calculation & Summary Sheet.
Wastewater Treatment
1. Users answer questions about their tribe's wastewater treatment system(s) on the Control
Sheet.
2. Based on the answers to the questions, users will enter data about their wastewater treatment
systems on the Entry Sheet; and
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3. Emissions will be calculated and summarized on the Calculation & Summary Sheet.
Water Consumption, Agriculture & Land Management, Urban Forestry, and Waste Generation
1. Users will enter necessary data, and view emissions on a single sheet.
Additional Emission Sources
1. Users can enter emissions from up to 10 additional sources on a single sheet.
All community emissions for the inventory year are summarized on the Emissions Summary sheet.
The tool estimates emissions for the 6 Kyoto Gases- C02, CH4, N20, PFCs, HFCs, and SF6. Gases
included for each Scope are provided in the following table.
Local Government GHG Inventory Tool Worksheet
Gases Included
Scope 1
Stationary Combustion
co2, ch4, n2o
Mobile Combustion
co2, ch4, n2o
Solid Waste
ch4
Wastewater
ch4, n2o
Scope 2
Electricity Use
co2, ch4, n2o
Scope 3
Agriculture & Land Management (Scope 3)
n2o
Urban Forestry (Scope 3)
C02 (sequestered)
Waste Generation (Scope 3)
ch4
Water Use (Scope 3)
co2, ch4, n2o
Other (Scope 1, 2, or 3)
Additional Emission Sources
C02, CH4, N20, HFCs, PFCs, SF6
Biogenic emissions are not included in the tool, and as a standard practice the C02 emissions
occurring from biofuel combustion are not included in total inventory estimates. According to the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, biogenic C02 emissions are defined as C02 emissions related
to the natural carbon cycle, as well as those resulting from the combustion, harvest, combustion,
digestion, fermentation, decomposition, or processing of biologically based materials. EPA provides
examples of biogenic C02 emissions including:
• C02 from the combustion of biogas collected from biological decomposition of waste in
landfills, wastewater treatment, or manure management processes
• C02 from combustion of the biological fraction of municipal solid waste or biosolids
• C02 derived from combustion of biological material, including forest-derived and
agriculture-derived feedstocks.
According to the LGOP, because of the distinction between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, if
you choose to quantify biogenic emissions, they should be tracked separately from Scope 1 direct
emissions. In addition, the LGOP advises the following:
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"Biogenic emissions related to forestry and land management should not be quantified under
this Protocol as the Protocol is designed to account primarily for the anthropogenic sources of
GHG emissions, and is not designed to assess the carbon stocks of government-owned lands
(see Section 2.3 in the LGOP). Biogenic emissions also occur from sources other than
combustion, such as the aerobic decomposition of organic matter. These non-combustion
biogenic emissions should not be included in your GHG inventory."
Emission factors for each calculation are included in the "Factors" worksheet of the tool, and
specific sources for each of the emission factors are provided in the table below.
Scope 1
Emission Factor Source
Stationary Combustion
US EPA Mandatory Reporting Rule
Mobile Combustion
U.S. EPA, National GHG Inventory
Solid Waste
U.S. EPA, National GHG Inventory
Wastewater
U.S. EPA, National GHG Inventory
Scope 2
Electricity Use
EPA's eGRID
Scope 3
Agriculture & Land Management
U.S. EPA, National GHG Inventory
Urban Forestry
U.S. EPA, State Inventory Tools
Waste Generation
U.S. EPA, National GHG Inventory
Water Use
California Energy Commission
Recent discussion surrounding community-wide inventories has focused on the distinction between
activities and sources. Unlike the sources and scopes discussed above, activities are defined as the use
of energy, materials, and/or services by members of the community that result in the creation of GHG
emissions either directly or indirectly (ICLEI 2013). Sources are defined as any physical process inside the
jurisdictional boundary that releases GHG emissions into the atmosphere. According to ICLEI's U.S.
Community Protocol, "drawing a distinction between the two can help local governments to
conceptualize, organize, and report on emissions associated with their communities." In addition, ICLEI's
Protocol states that distinguishing between sources and activities "can help local governments decide
how to group the emissions numbers they might gather for the purpose of reporting. For example, a
purely source-based emissions inventory could be summed to estimate total emissions released within
the community's jurisdictional boundary. In contrast, a purely activity-based emissions inventory could
provide perspective on the efficiency of the community, even when the associated emissions occur
outside the jurisdictional boundary." While some communities have calculated emissions for both, for
simplicity, the Community GHG Inventory Tool accounts for sources of GHG emissions. Additional
information on activities and scopes can be found in ICLEI's protocol, section 1.3. The table below
provides details on how some of the activities prevalent in many communities relate to sectors and
scopes.
Communitywide Use-Activities by
Sector
Associated Sources of GHG Emissions by Sector &
Scope*
(*Ensure Scope 3 items are not already-counted in Scope 1)
SECTOR 1: ENERGY SERVICE TO COMMUNITY BUILDINGS & FACILITIES
la. Activity: Use of Electricity:
la. Associated SOURCES of GHG
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Residential kWh =
Commercial kWh =
Industrial kWh =
Scope 1: Direct GHG emission from producing electricity
(Stationary Combustion) in powerplants within the Community
Boundary (even if in excess of local use)
Scope 2: Indirect GHGsfrom producing Electricity used by
community that imported from outside, if any
Scope 3: Other transboundarv/life cycle GHG emission
associated with producing electricity used in community - e.g.,
coal mining, natural gas extraction occurring outside inventory
boundary
lb. Activity: Use of Other Energy
Carriers/Fuels (Natural gas, Kerosene, Diesel,
etc) in Community Buildings & Facilities
Residential Natural Gas =
Commercial natural Gas =
Industrial Natural gas =
lb. Associated Sources of GHGs
Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions from combustion of fuels in the
buildings and facilities of the community (stationary
combustion)
Scope 2: none
Scope 3: Other transboundarv/life cycle GHG emission
associated with producing fuels used in community - e.g., oil
refining.
SECTOR 2: TRANSPORTATION SECTOR (Road, Rail, Air, Boat/Ship)
2. Activity: VMT & Use of Road Transport
Fuels
Aggregated Community Wide VMT, with
gasoline, diesel use estimates. Otherwise
separate detail by sector as below (residential
provided as an example)
- Residential Detail
VMT =
Gasoline & Diesel Use=
2. Associated Sources of GHGs
Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions from combustion of fuels in
vehicles (mobile combustion)
Can be estimated by VMT driven only within boundary
Or by origin-destination allocation for VMT activities by trip.
Scope 2: none
Scope 3: Other transboundarv/life cycle GHG emission
associated with producing fuels used in community - e.g., oil
refining.
SECTOR 3: WASTEWATER TREATMENT/SERVICE SECTOR
3. Activity: Generating wastewater that
requires treatment/service
Aggregated Community wastewater produced
that requires treatment. Separate detail as
below (only if possible)
- Residential Million Gallon WWT
- Commercial Million gallons WWT
- Industrial WWT
3. Associated Non-energy Sources of GHGs
Scope 1: Direct non-energy (process) GHG emissions from
wastewater treatment if located within the community, even if
the services are offered to others outside the community
boundary
Can be allocated to the WWT P usage by the community being
considered
Note electricity and energy use in WWT Facilities reported in
Activity 1 & 2, can be allocated here to show results by sector.
Scope 2: None, see note above
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Scope 3: Other transboundarv/life cycle GHG emission
associated with producing WWT services, such as producing the
chemicals and other materials used in the WWTP
SECTOR 4: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
4. Activity: Use of MSW Management
services by Community
Separate by residential, commercial, and
industrial (if possible)
4. Associated Non-Energy Sources of GHGs
Scope 1: Direct non-energv (process) GHG emissions from
landfills if located in the community
Can be allocated to the WWT P usage of the community being
considered
Note electricity and energy use in WWT Facilities reported in
Sectors 1 and 2 can be separated out and shown here to show
by sector.
Scope 2: none
Scope 3: Other transboundarv/life cvcle GHG emission
associated with waste management, including the recycling
computed by WARM.
SECTOR 5: WATER SUPPLY & TREATMENT
5. Activity: Treating and supplying water
Aggregated Community water supplied.
Separate by residential, commercial, and
industrial (if possible)
5. Associated Sources of GHGs
Scope 1: Direct non-energv (process) GHG emissions from water
treatment if located in the community
Note electricity and energy use in water supply reported in
Activity 1 & 2, can be allocated here to show results by sector.
Scope 2: none
Scope 3: Other transboundarv/life cvcle GHG emission
associated with water treatment and water supply.
SECTOR 6: PUBLIC/GREEN SPACES & URBAN AGRICULTURE IN COMMUNITY
Activity: Use/provision of green spaces in the
community
Associated GHG Emissions:
- Scope 1: Direct non-energy agriculture or land use GHG
emissions
- Scope 2: None (all electricity is accounted in Sector 1)
- Scope 3: Other transboundary and life cycle GHG, e.g., from
producing fertilizer used in the community, or applying fertilizer
to agricultural land
3. Sheet Instructions and Methodology
This section provides a guide to using the Community Module to estimate greenhouse gas emissions
from the community. The methods and default values used for the inventory component of this tool
are from the Global Protocol for Community-Scale GHG Emissions and the LGOP. Calculation sheets
are provided so that methods and emission estimates are transparent in the tool. Instructions for
completing each sheet of the tool are below.
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Control Sheet
Use the Control Sheet to configure the tool to your community. The sectors for your community are
already established as residential, commercial/institutional, industrial, and energy generation. Next
identify electricity providers for your tribe, and click the "Set Up" button (in Step 4 at the bottom of
the Control Sheet) to get started.
The tool can be used to inventory GHG emissions from 2000 through 2020. EPA decided not to
include inventory years going back to 1990, as there is limited availability of emission factors dating
back to 1990 and communities will likely not have data going back to 1990. According to the LGOP,
"It is good practice to compile an emissions inventory for the earliest year for which complete and
accurate data can be gathered. The base year for the UNFCCC and subsequent Kyoto Protocol is
calendar year 1990. However, required data from 1990 is often prohibitively difficult or impossible
to collect. Given that the priority for a greenhouse gas management program should be on practical
results, it is more important that the base year be documented with enough detail to provide a good
basis for local action planning than it is that all local governments produce an inventory with the
same, stipulated base year."
Stationary Combustion and Electricity Consumption
Inventory Sheets
Entry Sheets
Enter stationary fuel use and electricity consumption for each entity for which you have data in the
yellow cells. These entities may be of any scale— the entire tribe, reservation, tribal departments,
buildings, or individual equipment such as furnaces. To use the form, first enter the data for a given
unit (Unit Description, Facility Type, Sector, Fuel Type, and Fuel Consumption), then click
"Add/Update Record." The data will be saved in a data sheet, and the fields will remain with the
current data entered. The purpose of this process is to facilitate similar data entries for multiple
entries. You will receive a confirmation message when the record has been successfully added. At
any point, you may click "Reset Form" to clear all fields. If you would like to enter more than one
record at a time, you may proceed to the "Stationary-Data" or "Electricity-Data" sheet and directly
add data there.
If you would like to change any aspect of a previous entry, select "Edit Record." A drop-down menu
will appear. Select the entry you would like to change, make changes to the entry fields as needed,
and then click "Add/Update Record." To delete a record entirely, click the "Delete Record" button. A
dropdown menu will appear that contains the previously entered data. Select the entry to delete
from the drop-down, and confirm that this entry should be deleted. After you confirm that you
would like the entry deleted, the saved data will be erased.
If you enter data at the facility level, please specify the type of facility from the dropdown menu
under "Facility Type (if applicable)." Types of facilities vary by sector and include those listed in the
table below.
Sector
Facility Types
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Residential
Single Family Units
Apartment Buildings
Mobile Homes
Education
Commercial/Institutional
Food Sales
Food Service
Health Care
Lodging
Mercantile
Office
Public Assembly
Public Order and Safety
Religious Worship
Service
Warehouse and Storage
Other
Vacant
Food
Industrial
Beverage and Tobacco Products
Textile Mills
Textile Product Mills
Apparel
Leather and Allied Products
Wood Products
Paper
Printing and Related Support
Petroleum and Coal Products
Chemicals
Plastics and Rubber Products
Nonmetallic Mineral Products
Primary Metals
Fabricated Metal Products
Machinery
Computer and Electronic Products
Electrical Equip., Appliances, and Components
Transportation Equipment
Furniture and Related Products
Miscellaneous
Energy Generation
Electricity Generators
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Data Sheets
Data entered through the Entry Sheet forms appears here (Figure 6). If you would like to upload a
large set of data without using the form, you may do so by clicking the blue "Create Data File
Template" button. This will open up a new batch data template file, which has two tabs. The "Read
Me" tab explains any restrictions (such as units) you need to know when preparing your data file.
Complete the template data sheet with your data, then copy and paste it into the Data sheet below
the "Saved Data" section, beginning in Row 9.
Cb J *> "
Mtooioft E (p ii
Electricity-Data
Return toTafcle of
Contents
P Ovecfciryou have completed tnii sheet.
Ths sheet stores the individual data ttconH added v«a the form on the previous sheet- if you wtthto add »rwlBp*» records m ontw
wihout using the input for m. yw may direct^ add data to Uio sheet- Please cWion die button to the right to generate a (enplane f*e
wflh mitn«ttpn$ for this process. Please be careful to fo8ov* the ¦tstrutwws a«d errte*dat» using the format ami parameters spctrfted
in the ten^ate.
Create Oau rile
TknpM
IliHtrlclty CoiMUrtWNf (kwh) F-arility type
9 1
10 2
11 i
12 4
13 5
Id 6
15 7
16 8
1? 9
18 10
19 11
70 17
n n
22 14
23 15
24 16
21 17
* 18
27 20
28 21
1111 NislStrwt
City Building
15 Elm Street
Fire Station 1
fire Station 2
Police Station 8
Administrative Buildings
Oak Plaja
Central Park
96 Street Building
95 Ounster Street
f-inanee Department
Art Muteum
Small Library
33 Mayden Ave
City Hall
Police station a
Public library
City Building 2
California Street
Oetoeam Shear
Municipal Swviivs
Municipal Services
Building
Policw
Southern Calrfwn la
Southern t alifwm la
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
TOO
factors Control'
Municipal Service*
Parts £ Maintenance
Municipal Services
Municipal Services
finance
Municipal Services
Library
Municipal Services
Municipal Services
Police
Library
Municipal Services
Municipal Services
Shear stationary-Entry
EUisuri 101910
tdrvon 118200
tdKon 16733*1
Edison 139400
Edison 103240
Edison 281840
Edison /Asrea
SdlCOn •16980
Southern Caliform
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
stationary-Data
Edrton 55950
Edison 64680
EdKon 90990
Sditon 17930
Edison 133320
Edison 1362188
Edison 122760
Ediwn 3431920
Edison 841481
Edison 219040
Edrson 56800
SffatianyY-Cales
Offrit* Bu
Office Bu
Office Bu
Other
Other
Other
Office Bu
Other
Other
Other
Office Bu
Other
Other
Office Bu
Office Bu
Other
Other
Other
Office Bu
•J 1 d
ding
Click here to
generate a
template file
J >'c
¦J '¦
Paste data from template file
here beginning in row 9. If
not using batch import, data
will appear here as entered
on Entrv sheet.
tlrrrnrity-lMta •—
Am*or WHJ«a
.1 144 tuac
Figure 6. Stationary and Electricity Data Sheets
The process for completing the mobile combustion sector follows nearly the same format as the
stationary and electricity sectors. However, due to the complicated nature of mobile emissions
calculations, one extra step is required. After all data has been entered, either through the Entry
Sheet form or the batch data template file, you must click the "Update Calculations" near the
bottom of the Mobile Entry sheet, as shown below in Figure 7.
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Figure 7. Mobile Entry—Update Calculations
,C.n *> ¦
| Hum | fcuni
CMO.I
'—' -J COW
• ' * ' J
dctotti 'or*
[ mob.tntryJP i»| 1
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A Kl
hi &
| Nonnal_DVK,- ( Normal
kiHt r
Of*
V -
ir M
Sort& fmoA
Mobile-Entry
Return to Tab*
CDrilOnli
I S* Check If you have completed (his sheet.
After ywi haw completed data entry, please click on tlw" Update Calculations" button In Step 3,
AddAJpdate Record | tdlt Record | Delete
1) Doicfibe tho vahlcle(s) you are entering
ICW Vehicle or vehicle group dtHcrIpllwi
1 M
Vehicle Model (optional)
2) Enter tho activity data for the year 2008
tfltrle*
fuel con'.umf d ():
Vehicle miles traveled (VMT] *:
3) Update the calculation!.
fatten Control Sheet
Helpful Mfcit: if you do net knew the VMT for this entry, you can multiply the fuel consumes by the
MPG of the vehKlr/voNclr group, use your own efficiency data or s*e the table beta** for average MPS
by vehicle type and luel. 4 VtUtl« M«*» ¦ Galium ¦ Mdes/GaSoei
Click "Update Calculations" once all mobile
combustion data has been entered
.'-J'. HuI.mW! Hilry
Solid Waste Inventory Sheets
Control Sheet
On the control sheet, first select whether your community has operational control over any landfills.
If not, you may opt to use the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Waste Reduction Model
(WARM) to calculate your Scope 3 emissions. This step is optional, but can also be used to calculate
waste emission reductions.
For every landfill that you have operational control over, please select whether those landfills have
landfill gas collection systems and whether those systems are comprehensive or partial. Under the
LGOP, landfill gas (LFG) collection systems are considered "comprehensive" if the landfill is required
to have a LFG collection system under EPA's New Source Performance Standards or a system more
stringent as dictated by local regulations.
For these landfills that do not have LFG collection systems, you need to use the California Air
Resources Board's (CARB) Landfill Emissions Tool, which is based on the IPCC First Order Decay
(FOD) model. To use the model, you will need the annual waste deposited in each landfill as well as
the opening and closing year of each landfill. Once you have run the model, please paste the final
methane (CH4) emissions output for each landfill in the yellow cells in the tool.
Calculations Sheet
Depending on your entries on the Solid Waste control sheet, you will be presented with formulas to
calculate your tribe's emissions from solid waste management. Enter values requested in the pale
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
yellow cells. Click on the checkbox to use default values for the fraction of CH4 in your tribe's landfill
gas, if applicable. Your solid waste emissions will be summarized at the bottom of the sheet.
Wastewater Treatment Inventory Sheets
Control Sheet
On the wastewater control sheet, answer the series of questions about the type(s) of wastewater
treatment systems in your community. For every type of system (anaerobic or aerobic treatment
with or without nitrification/denitrification), you will be asked to provide the population served by
that system on the entry sheet. You will also answer questions about data availability for your
wastewater treatment systems.
Entry Sheet
The wastewater entry sheet provides data input cells based on your answers to the questions on the
wastewater control sheet. Data in the yellow cells in the specified units is requested.
Calculations Sheet
The calculation sheet shows the formulas used to determine your tribe's emissions from wastewater
treatment, using the methodology from the Local Government Operations Protocol. The gray cells
link to the values you entered on the Wastewater Entry Sheet.
Your total emissions are summarized in the table at the top of the sheet. You may scroll down to
view the detailed calculations, but no action is required on this sheet. If you would like to change
any of the entered values, you may do so on the entry sheet.
Imported Water Inventory Sheet
The water sheet is where you will calculate the Scope 3 emissions associated with imported water
consumption by your community. These emissions are indirectly associated with electricity use and
other emissions required to provide water to your tribe. This does not include the electricity or
energy use used directly at tribal water facilities. Any such electricity use associated with water
within your tribe (such as water pumps) should be included in the Electricity tab.
If your tribe imports water, enter the amount of water consumed by sector during the inventory
year and where that water is imported from. Each import source is associated with different
emission factors, and will be used to calculate your tribe's indirect emissions from water
consumption.
Agriculture & Land Management Inventory Sheet
The agriculture & land management sheet is where you will calculate the Scope 3 emissions
associated with fertilizer application by the different sectors in your community. These emissions
are associated with the application of synthetic, organic, and manure fertilizers. A portion of applied
fertilizers volatilize into the air in the form of N20.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Once you enter the information for each sector on the amount of fertilizer applied by fertilizer type,
the total emissions from this source will be calculated.
Forestry Inventory Sheet
The forestry sheet is where you will calculate the Scope 3 emissions associated with trees managed
by your tribe. Changes in carbon stocks in trees are calculated by estimating the total reservation
area, the percent of that area with tree cover, and applying a carbon storage factor to estimate
carbon sequestration from urban trees. Note the GPC states that biogenic forestry emissions can be
reported separately from totals (see pg. 39 in the GPC). EPA decided to include these estimates in
the tool so that communities could optionally estimate carbon stocks if this was applicable.
Once you enter the information on the tree coverage for each sector, the total carbon sequestration
from this source will be calculated.
Waste Generation Inventory Sheet
The waste generation sheet is where you will calculate the Scope 3 emissions associated with the
decomposition of waste generated within your borders by the community, but landfilled elsewhere.
This sheet applies to waste produced directly or indirectly by community activities and disposed of
in a solid waste facility not operated by the community. To calculate Scope 3 emissions from waste,
utilize EPA's WAste Reduction Model (WARM) either as a web-based calculator or an Excel
spreadsheet. If the waste is disposed of in a facility operated by the community, emissions should be
calculated as Scope 1 emissions on the Solid Waste-Control and Solid Waste-Entry sheets.
Once you enter the information for each sector on the waste generation, the total emissions from
this source will be calculated.
Additional Sources Inventory Sheet
Use this sheet to enter emissions from any additional sources you would like to include in your
inventory. Assign each source to a sector, note what scope the emissions fall under, and enter any
greenhouse gas emissions in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTC02e). The GPC provides a
list of additional sources in Table 4.3 that could be estimated outside of the tool, and the results of
the emissions calculations can be input on this sheet.
4. Uncertainty
The GHG inventory component of the tool follows the methodology of the GPC, Version 0.9. Users
should refer to the GPC for a discussion of the uncertainty associated with default assumptions.
5. Tool References
These references refer to resources cited in the Community Module as well as in the User's Guide.
Tribal Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool: Community Module 21
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CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2010. Local Government Operations Protocol, Version 1.1.
California Air Resources Board, California Climate Action Registry, ICLEI - Local Governments for
Sustainability, and The Climate Registry. Available at:
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/protocols/localgov/localgov.htm.
CEC (California Energy Commission). 2000-2010. Total Electricity System Power. California Energy
Commission. Available at: http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/electricity/total_system_power.html.
CEC (California Energy Commission). 2006a. California Commercial End-Use Survey. California Energy
Commission. Available at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/ceus/.
CEC (California Energy Commission). 2006b. Refining Estimates of Water-Related Energy Use in
California. California Energy Commission. CEC-500-2006-118. Available at:
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2006publications/CEC-500-2006-118/CEC-500-2006-118.PDF.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2010. Highway Statistics 2008. Federal Highway
Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Available at:
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2008/.
ICLEI, 2013. U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions,
Version 1.1. Released July 2013. Available online at: http://www.icleiusa.org/tools/ghg-
protocol/community-protocol.
U.S. Census Bureau. 2008. American Community Survey: Table S0801 - Commuting Characteristics.
U.S. Census Bureau. Available at:
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.
U.S. EPA. 2010. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2008. Office of
Atmospheric Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 430-R-06-002.
U.S. EPA. 2015. eGRID 2012 Version 1.0. Office of Clean Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/index.html.
U.S. EPA. 2012. eGRID 2010 Version 1.0. Office of Clean Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/index.html.
U.S. EPA. 2011. eGRID 2009 Version 1.0. Office of Clean Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/index.html.
U.S. EPA. 2010. eGRID 2007 Version 1.0. Office of Clean Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/index.html.
U.S. EPA. 2007. eGRID 2005 Version 1.1. Office of Clean Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/egrid/index.html.
U.S. EPA. 2002. Updating Fuel Economy Estimates in MOBILE6.3 - DRAFT. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. EPA420-P-02-005. Available at:
http://www.epa.gov/oms/models/mobile6/p02005.pdf.
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6. Additional Resources
Below are additional resources that can help facilitate the development of your community
government GHG inventory.
Resource Name
Link
ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager
Global Protocol for
Community-Scale GHG
Emissions
Landfill Emissions Tool
EPA MOVES on-road Emissions
Model
Local Climate Action Framework
http://www.energystar.gov/buildings/about-us/how-can-we-help-
you/benchmark-energy-use/use-energy-star-benchmarking-tools
http://www.ghgprotocol.org/city-accounting
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/protocols/localgov/localgov.htm
http://www.epa.gov/oms/stateresources/ghgtravel.htm
http://epa.gov/statelocalclimate/local/implementation/inventory.html
Tribal Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool: Community Module 23
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