State and Tribal Response	eERI\
¦	United States
Program H ighIights	~4n,aip°ec n
EPA Funding Provided to States and Tribes to Address Contaminated Land in their Communities
REGION I
VERMONT - In 2019, the Vermont Department of Environmental
Conservation (VTDEC) received a $20,000 Small Technical
Assistance Grant from EPA for planning work which focused on
a municipal-owned former Armory building in the Town of St.
Johnsbury. The armory is a 16,700 sq ft three-story masonry
structure located on a 0,44-acre parcel on Main Street. The
Armory was built in 1913 and has been vacant since 2010.
In 2018, the VTDEC used Section 128(a) Response Program
funding to provide oversight of assessment activities that
revealed the building's contamination with PCBs, lead-based
paint, and asbestos. Cleanup costs were estimated at around
$1 million and presented a significant barrier to redevelopment.
Between March and October 2020, the town worked with VTDEC
and EPA to evaluate various redevelopment scenarios. With the
costs and vision for redevelopment more clearly defined, the
town applied for $500,000 in EPA Brownfields cleanup funding as
well as a $500,000 Community Development Block Grant. The
town plans to reuse the Armory as a new public safety building.
The redevelopment will be a catalyst for future brownfields
revitalization along the Main Street corridor.
Armory Building prior to redevelopment.
REGION 2
NEW YORK - As a result of its historical industrial operations,
the former Cerro property in Nassau County was included on the
New York State Registry of Inactive Hazardous Waste Disposal
Sites (Registry) in 1983. It was removed from the Registry in
1994 following decommissioning, multiple investigations, multiple
soil removal/remediation activities, and completion of a risk
assessment—all of which were completed under New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and New
York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) oversight. In 2017,
NYSDEC used Section 128(a) Response Program funding to
review and approve a remedial investigation plan to evaluate the
property's soil vapor levels. Following the evaluation, the Nassau
County Industrial Development Agency (IDA) gave the go-ahead
forAmazon.com Services LLC (Amazon) to invest nearly $72
million to construct a more than 204,000 square-foot warehouse
and distribution facility. As part of this investment, Amazon will
construct a cap on the property before a state-of-the-art center is
constructed to meet the growing demand from its Nassau County
customers. The project will generate more than 200 full-time
employment opportunities and 125 construction-phase jobs. The
project is expected to be completed in 2022.
REGION 3
DELAWARE - A property along Philadelphia Pike outside of
Wilmington was developed as a gasoline service station in the
early 1920s and served that role until the early 2000s, after which
it sat idle for many years. In 2019, the Delaware Department
of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC)
used Section 128(a) Response Program funding to conduct
an assessment on the property. DNREC then used Section
128(a) funding to oversee the removal of several underground
storage tanks. The property is now being used as a garden and
greenhouse center called Always the Garden.
CERCLA Section 128(a) State and Tribal Response Program Funding
January/February/March 2021

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REGION 4
REGION 6
ARKANSAS - The former Conway Scrap Metal Yard began
operation in 1917, but eventually became vacant and sat idle for
many years. The City of Conway acquired the property in 2014
and worked with the Arkansas Department of Environmental
Quality (DEQ) to address the brownfield. In 2018, the Arkansas
DEQ used Section 128(a) Response Program funding to conduct
cleanup activities including removal of concrete slabs, excavation
and disposal of contaminated soil, installation of stormwater
control, backfill of excavation areas, and seeding and mulching
of the area. The property is strategically located between the
Hendrix College campus and the rapidly developing Downtown
Conway area. The City of Conway is finalizing plans to transform
the property into a public green space, park area, and outdoor
amphitheater. The redevelopment is planned for 2021.
REGION 7
SAC AND FOX NATIONS - On July 8, 2020, 18 railcars derailed
from the tracks in Reserve, Kansas. The Sac and Fox Nations
Brownfields Section 128(a) Response Program coordinator
arrived on the accident scene to assist with response efforts. The
Tribal Response Program coordinator worked with the Brown
County Kansas Emergency team and Tribal Police to determine
the extent of the damage. From the assessment of the train car
manifest and the wreckage, it was determined that less than 20
gallons of cottonseed oil was missing from the massive tank cars
and that some diesel fuel and hydraulic fluid totaling less than 10
gallons had been spilled. Once the track was open and further
potential releases neutralized, cleanup activities were conducted
by the Tribe. There are still some scars on the land that mark
the paths of loaders, tractors and cranes in the soybean field.
However, the Brownfields Program at the Sac and Fox Nation
was able to help ensure the health and safety of Tribal and
community members and speed up the cleanup process while
ensuring the needs of Tribe were being met.
FLORIDA- In August 2019, the Florida Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) received a $20,000 Small
Technical Assistance Grant as a part of DEP's Section
128(a) funding. DEP utilized the funding to assist the small,
disadvantaged community of Esto with consulting services to
address the numerous brownfields within the Esto town limits,
including developing an inventory of Esto's brownfields. After
the inventory was completed, the town initially focused on
two properties—the Former Lambs Recycling Facility and an
abandoned gas station. In 2020, the DEP used Section 128(a)
Response Program funding to conduct assessment activities
on the Lambs Recycling Facility and the former gas station.
The assessment revealed limited contamination and the town
is now working to clean up both properties. The town is also
conducting public outreach and working with its newly established
Brownfields Advisory Board to conduct visioning, land use, and
other concept options for a fresh grocery store and gathering
space for a local produce farmer's market on these two sites.
REGION 5
MICHIGAN - A former car dealership operated in the Town of
Manistique for nearly 100 years, after which it became vacant
and idle. In 2019, the Michigan Department of Environment,
Great Lakes and Energy (EGLE) used Section 128(a) Response
Program funding to conduct assessment activities at the property.
The assessment revealed no contamination, and that the property
was ready for reuse—clearing the way for redevelopment into
the Schoolcraft County Lake Effect Community Arts Center. The
Center features an array of artwork and fine crafts by local and
regional artists from Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
Schoolcraft County Lake Effect Community Arts Center.
Railcars derailment moments after the incident.
CERCLA Section 128(a) State and Tribal Response Program Funding
January/February/March 2021

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REGION 8
REGION 10
FORT PECK TRIBES - The Fort Peck Tribes have been
maintaining a productive Section 128(a) Response Program
since the 2010s. In 2013, the Tribes' first large project utilized a
Targeted Brownfields Assessment (TBA) and an EPA Brownfields
Cleanup Grant to clean up and enable redevelopment of the
former Poplar Airport into sustainable housing. Since then,
additional competitive grants have allowed for a remediation of a
large petroleum disposal site and the initiation of a reservation-
wide methamphetamine assessment project. Using the skills
learned from grant oversight and using assessment grants to
create cleanup cost estimates, the Fort Peck Tribes are now
engaging in more property cleanups directly funded through
the Section 128(a) funding. This approach, where the Tribal
coordinator writes analyses of brownfields cleanup alternatives
(ABCAs), community relations plans, and directly contracts
small cleanups, allows for maximum flexibility and expediency in
cleaning up small properties and layering Section 128(a)-funded
cleanup activities with competitive grant cleanups and removal
actions to maximize their program's effectiveness.
REGION 9
NEVADA - Originally built in the 1970s, the Bristlecone
Apartment complex provided affordable housing for the citizens
of Ely. After decades of use, the complex started to show
significant signs of deterioration. Through multiple funding
sources including private investments, and grants and loans from
the Nevada Housing Division's HOME fund program, the Nevada
Rural Housing Authority (NRHA) worked to update the property.
In 2019, the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection
used Section 128(a) Response Program funding to assess and
remove asbestos-containing vinyl sheet flooring and ceiling
titles in all the units. In 2020, after cleanup was completed, the
Bristlecone Apartment complex was remodeled and opened for
occupancy. The 68 affordable units are now fully occupied and
help address NRHAs mission to provide housing opportunities
for all rural eastern Nevadans.
MAKAH INDIAN TRIBE - The Makah Indian Reservation is located
on the northwest corner of Washington State in Neah Bay. Due to
its location near the water, the reservation's Hake Plant property
was prioritized for investigation. The site was originally a hake fish
processing plant, and then served as an oil storage facility for ships
until it was shut down in the 1980s. In 2007, the Tribe used Section
128(a) Response Program funding to conduct an environmental
assessment as the first step in determining the site's environmental
impacts. The results indicated that removal of three above-
ground tanks and contaminated soil would be required to mitigate
additional concerns. The Tribe was able to continue addressing the
Hake Plant through funding from EPA's Puget Sound Geographic
Program via a sub-award made by the Northwest Indian Fisheries
Commission. The tanks and residual oil were removed in 2016. In
2017, the Tribe used additional Section 128(a) Response Program
funding to collect groundwater and soil samples that revealed only
a small amount of contaminated soil remained around the supply
pipe. In March 2019, the contaminated soil and pipe were removed
to complete the site's cleanup.
Soil and pipe removal at the Makah Hake Plant property.
StfPA
United states	CERCLA Section 128(a) State and Tribal Response Program Funding	January/February/March 2021	EPA 560-F-21 -189
Environmental Protection
Agency

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