Connecticut
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008
The Clean Watersheds Needs
Survey (CWNS) is a comprehensive
assessment of needs1 to meet the water
quality and water-related public health
goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
States and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) conduct the
CWNS every four years under CWA
Section 516 (b). Connecticut
documented needs totaling $4.3 billion
in 2008. This is the same amount
documented in 2004
Documented Needs in Connecticut
Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)
Type of Need
2004
2008
Percent Change
Wastewater treatment
$1,434
$1,125
-22%
Pipe repair and new pipes
$651
$919
41%
Recycled water distribution
nra
nr
0%
Combined sewer overflow correction
$995
$1,528
54%
Total Wastewater Treatment Needs
$3,080
$3,572
16%
Conveyance infrastructure
n/a
nr
n/a
Treatment systems
n/a
nr
n/a
Green infrastructure
n/a
nr
n/a
General stonnwater management
$580
nr
-100%
Total Stormwater Management Needsb
$580
nr
-100%
Agriculture (cropland) best management practices (BMPs)
$8
nr
-100%
Agriculture (animals) BMPs
$7
nr
-100%
Silviculture (forestry) BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Ground water protection: unknown source BMPs
nr
$85
n/a
Marinas BMPs
nr
<$0.5
n/a
Resource extraction BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Brownfields remediation
$7
$356
>1,000%
Storage tank remediation
nr
nr
0%
Sanitary landfills BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Hydromodification (Water resource restoration and protection)
$356
$2
-99%
Other estuary management activities0
n/a
nr
n/a
Total Nonpoint Source Control NeedsM
$378
$443
17%
Total Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Needsb'd
$270
$288
7%
Total Needs
$4,308
$4,303
0%
aNot reported; Actual needs may be higher, since documenting these needs is difficult; cIn 2004, Other Estuary Management
Needs were reported under Separate State Estimates (SSEs); dNot included in Official Needs in the Report to Congress,
1 Documented needs in the CWNS include the unfunded capital costs of projects as of January 1, 2008 that address a water
quality or a water quality-related public health problem existing as of January 1, 2008, or expected to occur within the next 20
years; and meet the seven CWNS documentation criteria. All needs are in January 2008 dollars.

-------
Connecticut
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
The enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972 resulted in dramatic improvements in the:
•	Number of wastewater treatment plants.
•	Percentage of the population served by wastewater treatment plants.
•	Quality of effluent treatment from wastewater treatment facilities.
In 2008, 59% of Connecticut residents received centralized wastewater treatment services at the
secondary, advanced, or no discharge treatment level, compared to 48% in 1972.
Number of Centralized Treatment Facilities and Population Served
Number of Facilities
Population Served
%Total	%Total
Population	Population
Treatment Level
1972
2008
Projected"
1972
1972
2008
2008
Projected3
Less than Secondary
11
0
0
389,000
13
0
0
0
Secondary
62
32
8
1,400,000
45
611,279
18
101,645
Advanced
21
53
80
73,000
2
1,454,238
42
2,376,563
No Discharge
0
6
5
0
0
3,515
<1
3,595
Total
94
91
93
1,862,000
60
2,069,032
59
2,481,803
a Number of facilities and population served if all needs documented in the CWNS 2008 are met.
Small Communities
In Connecticut, small community
wastewater facilities serve 13% of the
population and comprise 11% of total
wastewater treatment and collection
needs. EPA small community support
information is available at:
www. epa. gov/owm/mab/smcomm
Reported Needs for Facilities in Small Communities
Facilities

1 Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)
Population
2004
2008
2004
2008
0-999
6
8
$31
$26
1,000-3,499
9
26
$58
$133
3,500-10,000
21
35
$212
$215
Total
36
69
$299
$374
Visit www.epa.gov/cwns for more information including:
•	Detailed Reports to Congress
•	Other state fact sheets
•	Maps, charts, and data downloads for projects, facilities, watersheds, counties, congressional
districts, cities, states, and regions

-------