United States Environmental Protection ^1 M »Agency This document contains data extracted from the EPA "State Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs Final Guidance," published in August 1997. The reference number is EPA 816-R-97-009. You can find the entire document at http://www.epa.qov/safewater/sourcewater.cfm?action=Publications. State Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs Final Guidance Table of Contents August 1997 ------- United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water 4606 EPA 816-R-97-009 August, 1997 STATE SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION PROGRAMS FINAL GUIDANCE ------- ------- CONTENTS Chapter 1: Overview of Source Water Assessment and Protection and the Safe Drinking Water Act 1-1 I. INTRODUCTION 1-1 A. Purpose of this Document 1-1 B. Background 1-1 1. EPA's Source Water Protection Goal 1-2 2. Past Accomplishments of EPA and its Partners 1-3 II. SDWA AMENDMENTS OF 1996—NEW RESOURCES AND TOOLS FOR SOURCE WATER PROTECTION 1-4 A. The Benefits of Public Involvement 1-6 B. Assessment Programs 1-6 C. Source Water Protection and Petition Programs 1-7 D. Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and Other Financing 1-8 III. COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION 1-10 A. Source Water Assessment and Protection and Other Public Water Supply Supervision Program Implementation Efforts 1-10 B. Source Water Assessment and Protection and the Watershed Protection Approach 1-10 C. Source Water Assessment and Protection and Other Federal/State Agency Programs 1-11 IV. EPA Technical Assistance 1-12 V. Conclusion 1-13 l ------- Chapter 2: Final Guidance for State Source Water Assessment Programs2-l I. INTRODUCTION 2-1 II. CONTENT OF STATE SUBMITTALS 2-3 A. Adequate Public Participation in Developing the State Source Water Assessment Program 2-3 B. Requirements/Options for State Assessment Approaches 2-7 1. Statutory Requirements 2-7 2. Strategic State Approaches 2-7 3. Requirements/Options for Delineations, Source Inventories and Susceptibility Determinations 2-12 4. Adequate Assessment(s) for Waters Which Cross State or Country Borders, Boundary Rivers, Multi-State Rivers and the Great Lakes and EPA's Role in Assisting States Accomplish These Assessments 2-19 C. Requirements/Options for Making Assessments Available to the Public 2-21 1. Content of Understandable Assessments— Mapping Assessment Information, Listings of Sources and Narrative Assessment Reports Made Available to the Public 2-21 2. Procedures for Making Assessments Available to the Public 2-22 D. Requirements/Options for State Program Implementation 2-24 1. Timetables 2-24 2. Resources to be Committed to the Effort 2-25 3. Delegations of Efforts 2-26 4. Role and Coordination of State Agencies and with Other Federal/State/Tribal Programs 2-26 5. Reporting of Program Progress 2-27 6. Updating the Assessments 2-27 li ------- III. PROGRAM SUBMITTAL PROCESS 2-28 A. Process for Submitting the State Source Water Assessment Program and for Program Implementation 2-28 1. Statutory Requirements 2-28 B. Outline of the Process For Submitting and Implementing a Program2-29 IV. THE DRINKING WATER STATE REVOLVING FUND AND SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENTS 2-30 A. The Intended Use Plan: The Key Funding Vehicle 2-30 B. The Importance of Funding Source Water Assessment Programs .2-30 C. Work Plans, Financing, and Implementing Assessments Prior to EPA Approval of State Source Water Assessment Programs 2-31 D. DWSRF Funding for Programs Supporting State Source Water Assessment Programs 2-32 1. Total Maximum Daily Load Program 2-32 2. Monitoring/Modeling Activities 2-33 in ------- Chapter 3: Tools for State Source Water Protection Implementation Including Petition Programs and the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 3-1 I. INTRODUCTION 3-1 A. Local Source Water Protection Programs 3-2 II. OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUPPORT OF STATE AND LOCAL SOURCE WATER PROTECTION EFFORTS UNDER THE SDWA OF 1996 3-3 A. Funding for State Source Water Protection Programs under SDWA Section 1452(g)(2)(B) 3-3 B. Funding for State Wellhead Protection Programs Under SDWA Section 1452(k)(l)(D) 3-7 C. Funding for State Petition Programs Under SDWA Section 1452(k)( 1)(A)(iii) 3-7 D. Loans for Voluntary Incentive-Based Source Water Quality Protection Programs 3-7 E. Land Acquisition and Conservation Easements 3-8 III. GUIDANCE FOR STATE SOURCE WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP PETITION PROGRAMS 3-8 A. State/Local Program Procedures 3-9 1. Substance of Petitions and Process for Submission of Petitions To the State 3-9 2. Recommended State Procedures for Approval/Disapproval of Petitions Submitted by Local Voluntary Partnerships 3-10 3. Technical and Financial Assistance Available to Localities with Approved Petitions 3-10 4. EPA/State Procedures for Grants 3-11 5. Additional Funding for Local Source Water Petition Prograrrft-13 B. Benefits and Limitations of the Petition Program 3-14 iv ------- Chapter 4: Relationship Between Source Water Assessments, Source Water Protection Programs, and the Public Water Supply Supervision Program 4-1 I. INTRODUCTION 4-1 II. WELLHEAD PROTECTION 4-1 III. INTERIM MONITORING RELIEF 4-1 IV. ALTERNATIVE MONITORING 4-2 V. CHEMICAL MONITORING REFORM 4-3 VI. SURFACE WATER TREATMENT/DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS RULES 4-4 VII. UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL: CLASS V WELLS 4-6 VIII. SANITARY SURVEYS 4-8 IX. GROUND WATER DISINFECTION RULE 4-9 X. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT 4-9 XI. OPERATOR CERTIFICATION 4-10 Chapter 5: Coordination of Source Water Assessments, Source Water Protection Programs, and Other EPA and Federal Programs 5-1 I. INTRODUCTION 5-1 II. INTEGRATING SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENTS AND PROTECTION WITH OTHER EPA WATER PROGRAMS 5-2 III. LINKAGES TO OTHER EPA PROGRAMS 5-20 IV. LINKAGES TO OTHER FEDERAL PROGRAMS 5-21 V. CONCLUSION 5-26 v ------- Appendices: A. EPA Outreach Process for Notice and Comment by Stakeholders on National Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs Guidance A-l B. Process for State Submittal and Implementation of Source Water Assessment Programs A-3 C. Enhancing Topographic Delineations for Surface Water Based Source Water Protection Areas A-5 D. Conjunctive Delineation of the Zone of Ground Water Contribution and the Area of Surface Water Contribution to Public Water Systems A-9 E. Partial List of Potential Sources of Contamination Found In Wellhead Protection Areas and In Watersheds A-13 F. Factors to Consider When Doing Adequate Contamination Source Inventories and Susceptibility Determinations A-17 G. Timetable for Certain Actions Under the 1996 SDWA Amendments . . . A-21 H. Glossary of Terms A-23 I. Requirements for Implementing Sections 1453 and 1428 of the Safe Drinking Water Act for State Source Water Assessment Programs A-27 J. List of Acronyms A-31 vi ------- |