Pennsylvania
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008
The Clean Watersheds Needs
Survey (CWNS) is a comprehensive
assessment of needs1 to meet the water
quality and water-related public health
goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
States and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) conduct the
CWNS every four years under CWA
Section 516 (b). Pennsylvania
documented needs totaling $18.2
billion in 2008. This is an 18 percent
increase from the $15.5 billion in needs
documented in 2004.
Documented Needs in Pennsylvania
Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)
Type of Need
2004
2008
Percent Change
Wastewater treatment
$1,274
$1,311
3%
Pipe repair and new pipes
$1,736
$1,880
8%
Recycled water distribution
nra
nr
0%
Combined sewer overflow correction
$5,499
$8,747
59%
Total Wastewater Treatment Needs
$8,509
$11,938
40%
Conveyance infrastructure
n/a
$1
n/a
Treatment systems
n/a
nr
n/a
Green infrastmcture
n/a
$2
n/a
General stormwater management
$6,046
$5,997
-1%
Total Stormwater Management Needsb
$6,046
$6,001
-1%.
Agriculture (cropland) best management practices (BMPs)
$319
$33
-90%
Agriculture (animals) BMPs
$382
$14
-96%
Silviculture (forestry) BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Ground water protection: unknown source BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Marinas BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Resource extraction BMPs
$77
$203
164%
Brownfields remediation
$2
$3
50%
Storage tank remediation
nr
nr
0%
Sanitary landfills BMPs
nr
nr
0%
Hydromodification (Water resource restoration and protection)
$130
$51
-61%
Other estuary management activities0
n/a
nr
n/a
Total Nonpoint Source Control NeedsM
$910
$304
-67%
Total Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Needsb'd
<$0.5
<$0.5
0%
Total Needs
$15,465
$18,243
18%
aNot reported; Actual needs may be higher, since documenting these needs is difficult; °In 2004, Other Estuary Management
Needs were reported under Separate State Estimates (SSEs); dNot included in Official Needs in the Report to Congress.
County Needs ($M)
None reported
<75
75-250
>250
1 Documented needs in the CWNS include the unfunded capital costs of projects as of January 1, 2008 that address a water
quality or a water quality-related public health problem existing as of January 1, 2008, or expected to occur within the next 20
years; and meet the seven CWNS documentation criteria. All needs are in January 2008 dollars.

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Pennsylvania
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
The enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972 resulted in dramatic improvements in the:
•	Number of wastewater treatment plants.
•	Percentage of the population served by wastewater treatment plants.
•	Quality of effluent treatment from wastewater treatment facilities.
In 2008, 91% of Pennsylvania residents received centralized wastewater treatment services at the
secondary, advanced, or no discharge treatment level, compared to 41% in 1972.
Number of Centralized Treatment Facilities and Population Served
Number of Facilities
Population Served
%Total	%Total
Population	Population
Treatment Level
1972
2008
Projected"
1972
1972
2008
2008
Projected3
Less than Secondary
70
0
0
3,461,000
29
0
0
0
Secondary
244
333
364
3,146,000
27
6,587,453
53
6,324,933
Advanced
157
488
537
1,645,000
14
4,656,801
38
5,299,897
No Discharge
0
3
4
0
0
5,757
<1
9,517
Total
471
824
905
8,252,000
70
11,250,011
91
11,634,347
a Number of facilities and population served if all needs documented in the CWNS 2008 are met.
Small Communities
In Pennsylvania, small community
wastewater facilities serve 27% of the
population and comprise 24% of total
wastewater treatment and collection
needs. EPA small community support
information is available at:
www. epa. gov/owm/mab/smcomm
Reported Needs for Facilities in Small Communities
Facilities

1 Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)
Population
2004
2008
2004
2008
0-999
163
152
$434
$442
1,000-3,499
135
152
$762
$1,161
3,500-10,000
103
134
$584
$1,256
Total
401
438
$1,782
$2,859
Visit www.epa.gov/cwns for more information including:
•	Detailed Reports to Congress
•	Other state fact sheets
•	Maps, charts, and data downloads for projects, facilities, watersheds, counties, congressional
districts, cities, states, and regions

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