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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency +

Less-than-Truckload Freight Consolidation for
Logistics and Shipper Companies

A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies

FULL TRUCKLOAD GAINS

A manufacturer of blenders, mixers, and
ice-shaving equipment worked with a 3PL
to implement the mode conversion and
optimization strategy. The manufacturer
has distribution centers in Florida, Ohio,
and Arizona and a network of freezer
locations throughout the US, Canada, and
the Caribbean. The freezer network had
evolved over time without a strategic plan,
and the locations were not optimal. As a
result, 75% of shipments and 68% of weight
were dispatched in LTL quantities.

The 3PL sent daily uploads of shipment
data, and a load optimization system
processed the data along with data on
transit time requirements, unloading time,
space requirements, and due dates. The
manufacturer was able to consolidate
shipments into multistop TL shipments and
reduce LTL shipments from 75% to 27%,
saving $800,000 in 1 year while achieving
97.8% on-time delivery.

Under this strategy, a shipper or third-party logistics provider combines multiple
less-than-truchload (LTL) freight shipments within a geographic region into a single
truchload (TL). Among other benefits, LTL consolidation can reduce costs and
carbon emissions because fewer truchs are used to move shipments. This strategy
also may involve consolidating LTL shipments by converting to rail or ocean carrier.

WHAT IS THE CHALLENGE?

LTL shipping is commonly used when companies have small loads to transport.
With LTL shipping, shippers pay for part of the space in a trailer rather than for an
entire truck, and carriers pool LTL requests into one truckload. LTL shipping is a
good option for companies with small shipments, but it has downsides. Carriers
put items from multiple companies in the same truck and may have several
pickups and deliveries along a shipment route. Therefore, there may be greater
risk of product damage and shipping delay. LTL shipping can also entail more time
and truck miles involved in pickup and delivery.

WHAT IS THE SOLUTION?

Companies using LTL can consider converting to full-truckload shipments. With
TL mode, the shipper pays for the entire truck. TL shipments go directly from the
origin to the destination, minimizing the risk of product damage or delay. To make
this conversion, shippers adjust the frequency and size of shipments. Shippers
can also use non-highway modes, such as rail or ocean carrier. When considering
mode conversion, companies can review the following factors:

Characteristics of goods. Dimensional weight, temperature requirements,
volume, and the like. Some items can be more easily packaged into
truckloads, while other items cannot be placed together.

Geographic surroundings and avaiLabLe mode options. Mode options
differ regionally.

Customer needs. Customers are often flexible with the size and frequency
of orders, which may allow shippers to convert to TL shipping.

EPA-420-F-21-045 | December 20211 SmartWay Transport Partnership | epa.gov/smartway

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Less-than-Truckload Freight Consolidation (continued)

COSTS



SAVINGS AND BENEFITS

This strategy may involve planning costs as a company shifts
to different shipping methods and schedules. Companies
may also use load optimization software, which requires an
initial investment but can yield savings over time.

This strategy benefits shippers and receivers:

Fewer shipments. Converting from LTL to TL mode
means that a company has fewer shipments and thus
fewer pickups, fewer deliveries, and less paperwork/
processing.

20





Improved customer service. TL shipments go directly
from origin to destination, so travel time is faster than
a multi-stop LTL shipment. Without additional stops
and other products in the load, the risk of delay or
product damage is lower.

stops



%

Increased transparency and efficiency. Load optimi-
zation systems provide key data that can help compa-
nies make operations more efficient.

LTL pickup and delivery routes often
involve more than 20 stops a day.
Conversion to TL can reduce these
stops, potentially lower costs, delays
and associated emissions



SustainabiLity. The carbon footprint can be reduced
by consolidating LTL to TL because fewer trucks are
used. When intermodal can be introduced, further
improvements can be made to the linehaul. Not only
are emissions reduced, but road congestion too.

NEXT STEPS

1

2

3

Analyze freight pattern data, such as transit time schedules, lead times, delivery dates, and rates. This
data will provide insight into operations, needs, and areas for improvement.

Communicate with customers and carriers to determine if there are opportunities to convert from LTL
to TL. Consider factors such as the weight, volume, and handling requirements of items; customer
delivery windows; and LTL and TL pricing.

Consider using a load optimization system to implement this strategy. Load optimization systems
use a series of algorithms, calculated transit time requirements from identified due dates, space
requirements, LTL vs. TL price points, unloading time, and other parameters to consolidate costly LTL
shipments and identify optimal freight choices for a firm at the lowest possible cost.



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