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Nutrient Reduction Case Study
Dixie Drain Phosphorus Removal Facility
Boise, Idaho
The City of Boise, Idaho has two municipal wastewater treatment plants or "water renewal
facilities (WRFs)," that discharge to the Lower Boise River. The Lower Boise River is impaired for
nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and has a total maximum daily load (TMDL) to address
pollutant inputs into the river.
Dixie Drain, a manmade waterway, is located approximately 40 miles downstream of Boise's WRFs
and was identified as the largest tributary source of phosphorus to the river during the irrigation
season. This early 20th century irrigation conveyance returns water diverted for agriculture back
into the Lower Boise River; however, it also delivers large amounts of sediment, nutrients, and
other pollutants.
To meet the pollutant reductions identified in the TMDL, the City of Boise's National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits were revised, adding stringent phosphorus limits.
While upgrades to the city's WRFs would attain some benefit, removing phosphorous inputs from
the Dixie Drain would offer far greater environmental benefits to the watershed. Utilizing an
innovative approach to achieving nutrient load reductions in the Lower Boise River, the
construction and operation of the Dixie Drain Phosphorus Removal Facility was included in the
city's NPDES permit. The removal facility, located approximately 40 miles downstream of the
WRFs, allows Boise to optimize phosphorus removal near the mouths of the Lower Boise Snake
Rivers, offsetting the need for more costly removal technologies at the two WRFs operated further
upstream by the city.
The Dixie Drain Phosphorus Removal Facility became operational in July 2016. Water from the
drain travels by gravity flow into the removal facility and through a treatment basin where
flocculants bind with phosphorus, forming floe that settles at the bottom of the basin. The treated
water returns to the river. The floe is then dredged and removed. The city's NPDES permits require
removal of a minimum of 25 pounds of phosphorus per day during the May through September
growing season. Running at full capacity during the growing season, the facility can treat up to
130 million gallons per day and remove more than 140 pounds of phosphorus on a daily basis.
The project illustrates a successful offset that treats nonpoint source nutrient pollution, providing
better environmental outcomes than would be achieved by NPDES limits alone. Additional
benefits include sediment level reduction, improved fish and aquatic life habitat, and improved
river aesthetics.
Additional Information
City of Boise, ID Project Details:
httDs://www.citvofboise.org/deDartments/Dublic-works/dixie-drain
Learn more at: https://www.epa.gov/nutrient-policy-data
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