Virginia

Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008

The Clean Watersheds Needs
Survey (CWNS) is a comprehensive
assessment of needs1 to meet the water
quality and water-related public health
goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
States and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) conduct the
CWNS every four years under CWA
Section 516 (b). Virginia documented
needs totaling $6.9 billion in 2008.
This is a 23 percent increase from the
$5.6 billion in needs documented in
2004.

Documented Needs in Virginia

Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)

Type of Need

2004

2008

Percent Change

Wastewater treatment

$2,810

$3,326

18%

Pipe repair and new pipes

$2,166

$2,906

34%

Recycled water distribution

nr

nr

0%

Combined sewer overflow correction

$607

$616

1%

Total Wastewater Treatment Needs

$5,583

$6,848

23%

Conveyance infrastructure

n/a

nra

n/a

Treatment systems

n/a

nr

n/a

Green infrastmcture

n/a

nr

n/a

General stormwater management

nr

nr

0%

Total Stormwater Management Needsb

nr

nr

0%.

Agriculture (cropland) best management practices (BMPs)

nr

nr

0%

Agriculture (animals) BMPs

nr

nr

0%

Silviculture (forestry) BMPs

nr

nr

0%

Ground water protection: unknown source BMPs

nr

nr

0%

Marinas BMPs

nr

nr

0%

Resource extraction BMPs

nr

nr

0%

Brownfields remediation

nr

nr

0%

Storage tank remediation

nr

nr

0%

Sanitary landfills BMPs

nr

nr

0%

Hydroniodification (Water resource restoration and protection)

nr

nr

0%

Other estuary management activities0

n/a

nr

n/a

Total Nonpoint Source Control NeedsM

nr

nr

0%.

Total Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Needsb'd

nr

$4

n/a

Total Needs

$5,583

$6,852

23% |

aNot reported; Actual needs may be higher, since documenting these needs is difficult; °In 2004, Other Estuary Management
Needs were reported under Separate State Estimates (SSEs); dNot included in Official Needs in the Report to Congress.

1 Documented needs in the CWNS include the unfunded capital costs of projects as of January 1, 2008 that address a water
quality or a water quality-related public health problem existing as of January 1, 2008, or expected to occur within the next 20
years; and meet the seven CWNS documentation criteria. All needs are in January 2008 dollars.


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Virginia

Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2008

Wastewater Treatment Facilities

The enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972 resulted in dramatic improvements in the:

•	Number of wastewater treatment plants.

•	Percentage of the population served by wastewater treatment plants.

•	Quality of effluent treatment from wastewater treatment facilities.

In 2008, 70% of Virginia residents received centralized wastewater treatment services at the secondary,
advanced, or no discharge treatment level, compared to 24% in 1972.

Number of Centralized Treatment Facilities and Population Served

Number of Facilities

Population Served
%Total	%Total

Population	Population

Treatment Level

1972

2008

Projected"

1972

1972

2008

2008

Projected3

Less than Secondary

190

0

0

1,079,000

22

0

0

0

Secondary

121

152

129

248,000

5

1,759,181

23

2,179,640

Advanced

157

72

105

954,000

19

3,633,462

47

5,582,063

No Discharge

0

1

4

0

0

1,867

<1

6,378

Total

468

225

238

2,281,000

46

5,394,510

70

7,768,081

a Number of facilities and population served if all needs documented in the CWNS 2008 are met.

Small Communities

In Virginia, small community
wastewater facilities serve 7% of the
population and comprise 12% of total
wastewater treatment and collection
needs. EPA small community support
information is available at:
www. epa. gov/owm/mab/smcomm

Reported Needs for Facilities in Small Communities

Facilities



1 Needs (2008 Dollars, Millions)

Population

2004

2008

2004

2008

0-999

60

57

$234

$193

1,000-3,499

59

57

$312

$341

3,500-10,000

30

32

$251

$286

Total

149

146

$797

$820

Visit www.epa.gov/cwns for more information including:

•	Detailed Reports to Congress

•	Other state fact sheets

•	Maps, charts, and data downloads for projects, facilities, watersheds, counties, congressional
districts, cities, states, and regions


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