REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF ENVIROCORP'S REFERENCE
MOLECULE APPROACH FOR DEVISING DETECTION LIMITS
AND
THEORETICAL ABILITY TO MODEL FATE AND TRANSPORT
OF HIGHLY COMPLEX WASTE STREAMS
¦NH
PREPARED FOR:
ROBERT E. SMITH
U.S. EPA OFFICE OF GROUND WATER AND DRINKING WATER
March 29, 1993
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water (OGWDW) requested ICF Incorporated (ICF) to review a document
prepared by Envirocorp Inc., entitled, "Waste Components, Health-Based Limits, and
Concentration Reduction Factors." The GNI Group, Inc./Disposal Systems Incorporated
(the petitioner) submitted this document to the Agency to support a modification of their
current no-migration variance to cover wastes potentially containing any or all of the
constituents listed on 40 CFR §261, Appendix VIII.
As requested by OGWDW, ICF reviewed and evaluated the technical adequacy of
Envirocorp's proposed "reference molecule" methodology. Envirocorp used this
methodology to derive ad hoc detection limits for constituents that neither have Agency-
approved health-based levels nor Agency-approved "surrogate" levels (i.e., detection limits
or practical quantitation limits). ICF determined that Envirocorp's reference molecule
approach is scientifically valid for deriving ad hoc detection limits. In addition. ICF agreed
with all but 22 of Envirocorp's selected reference molecules. ICF has proposed alternative
reference molecules for all 22 compounds with the exception of aflatoxin. An extensive
evaluation of this constituent indicates that GC7MS is not the appropriate analytical
methodology for identification of this constituent. ICF suggests that high pressure liquid
chromatography be used for the determination of this macromolecule. Lastly, ICF concludes
that the results of Envirocorp's reference molecule analysis can be used in conjunction with
the most recent toxicological information contained in EPA's Integrated Risk Information
System (IRIS) data base to update Guidance No. 71.
The OGWDW also requested ICF to determine the feasibility and application of
computer model simulation to predict the fate and transport of a highly complex mixture of
organic and inorganic wastes within the injection zone (aquifer) for as long as the waste
remains hazardous. ICF notes that both flow and transport (advection-dispersion) and
geochemical models have been utilized to predict fate and transport of hazardous
constituents within an injection zone. These models also have been used to demonstrate,
with a reasonable degree of certainty, that there will be no migration of hazardous
constituents from the injection zone for as long as the waste remains hazardous.
Geochemical models, however, are not as widely used as flow and transport models to
demonstrate no migration due to the lack of thermodynamic data bases, proprietary codes,
etc., for modeling complex mixtures of organic and inorganic wastes. Geochemical models,
therefore, are not likely useful to model highly complex waste streams.
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Flow and transport models are currently applicable to performing worst-case analysis
because petitioners can study dominant or influencing molecules (e.g., constituents that are
more mobile and less degradable). Petitioners, however, typically cannot use these models
to study multiple reactions in unison. Regardless of the type of model used, it is critically
important to evaluate all aspects of deep well injection and the physical, chemical and
biological processes that take place in the injection zone and overlying confining zone. This
analysis becomes even more important when evaluating fate and transport in a commercial
Class I injection well accepting a complex and varied mixture of organic and inorganic
wastes.
Finally, ICF believes that additional investigation is needed to determine whether the
reference molecule selected for derivation of the ad hoc detection limit, is suitable for
modeling purposes. This investigation is necessary because the molecule may contain other
functional groups that could increase or decrease the reaction rate of the individual
constituent and impact the overall degradation and transformation processes.
ICF Incorporated
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ... i
INTRODUCTION 1
1.0 EVALUATION OF ENVIROCORP'S REFERENCE MOLECULE
APPROACH 2
1.1 Identification and Verification of Health-Based Levels 2
1.2 Selection of Surrogate Hazardous Levels 3
1.3 Evaluation of the Reference Molecule Approach 3
1.4 Conclusions 17
1.5 Recommendations for Follow-up Work 18
2.0 FEASIBILITY AND APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF
FATE AND TRANSPORT OF HIGHLY COMPLEX WASTES IN DEEP
INJECTION ZONES 19
2.1 Processes in Subsurface Migration 19
2.2 Flow and Transport Modeling 21
2.3 Geochemical Modeling 21
2.4 Use of Reference Molecules in Modeling 22
2.5 Conclusions 22
2.6 Recommendations for Follow-up Work 23
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INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water (OGWDW) requested ICF Incorporated (ICF) to review a document
prepared by Envirocorp Inc., entitled, "Waste Components, Health-Based Limits, and
Concentration Reduction Factors." The GNI Group, Inc./Disposal Systems Incorporated
(the petitioner) submitted this document to the Agency to support a modification of their
current no-migration variance to cover wastes potentially containing any or all of the
constituents listed on 40 CFR §261, Appendix VIII.
The OGWDW specifically requested ICF to: (1) review and evaluate the technical
adequacy of the Envirocorp's proposed "reference molecule" methodology for deriving ad
hoc detection limits for constituents that neither have Agency-approved health-based levels
(HBLs) nor Agency-approved surrogate levels (i.e., detection limits or practical quantitation
limits); and (2) determine the feasibility and application of computer model simulation to
predict the fate and transport of a highly complex mixture of organic and inorganic wastes
within the injection zone for as long as the wastes remains hazardous.
ICF completed the requested analysis of both Envirocorp's proposed reference
molecule approach and the feasibility and application of computer model simulations to
predict the fate and transport of a hypothetical waste containing all of the constituents listed
on 40 CFR §261, Appendix VIII. ICF presents the results of our analysis of Envirocorp's
reference molecule approach in Section 1. ICF discusses the feasibility and application of
computer model simulations to predict the fate and transport of highly complex waste
streams in Section 2.
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1.0
EVALUATION OF ENVIROCORP'S REFERENCE MOLECULE APPROACH
ICF evaluated the validity of Envirocorp's reference molecule approach for deriving
ad hoc detection limits for constituents that had neither Agency-approved health-based level
(HBL) nor Agency-approved surrogate levels (i.e., detection limits or practical quantitation
limits). In general, ICF agrees with Envirocorp's reference molecule approach. ICF,
however, determined that several of Envirocorp's selected reference molecules did not
sufficiently resemble the molecular structure of the constituents in question to provide
confidence in obtaining the best ad hoc detection limit. ICF discusses the general strategy
used to determine the accuracy of the reference molecule approach and to derive ad hoc
detection limits below.
1.1 Identification and Verification of Health-Based Levels
As stipulated by 40 CFR § 148.20(a), petitioners must demonstrate that waste
constituents will not migrate from the injection zone at hazardous levels. Envirocorp,
therefore, used "Concentration Limits Applicable to No-Migration Petitions for Injected
Hazardous Wastes," prepared by EPA's Office of Drinking Water, October 1990 (Guidance
No. 711 to select HBLs for unit boundary comparisons.
ICF's initial evaluation step consisted of verifying Envirocorp's list of constituents with
Agency-approved HBLs and actual levels. ICF, however, recognized that Guidance No. 71
may not contain up-to-date toxieological information. ICF used the following in-house
sources both to identify additional constituents with Agency-approved HBLs and to update
the constituents and levels cited by Envirocorp:
• "Computer Print-Out of 40 CFR §264, Appendix IX constituents
with HBLs," June 1992 (prepared by EPA's Office of
Characterization and Assessment);
• "Docket Report of Health-Based Levels and Solubilities Used
in the Evaluation of Delisting Petitions, Submitted under 40
CFR §260.20 and §260.22," July 1992 (prepared for the
Delisting Section); and,
• "Docket Report of Health-Based Levels and Solubilities for
Additional Compounds Used in the Evaluation of Delisting
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Petitions, Submitted under 40 CFR §260.20 and §260.22," July
1992 (prepared for the Delisting Section).
ICF also used these sources to reduce the number of constituents not having Agency-
approved HBLs, which in turn, reduced the number of constituents needing surrogate levels
or ad hoc detection limits. ICF assigned HBLs using the most up-to-date reference,
defaulting to the HBL listed in Guidance No. 71 if a more recent value was not available.
ICF notes that it was not possible to obtain a complete listing from the Agency's Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS), an on-line computer data base (which is updated monthly),
due to the budgetary constraints of this work assignment. ICF presents a comparison of
Envirocorp's HBLs and the most up-to-date HBLs in Attachment 1.
ICF notes that Envirocorp used analytical detection limits for constituents classified
as "not otherwise specified" (NOS) categories even though individual HBLs were available.
Compounds grouped in this category included: dichlorobenzenes, dichlorethylenes,
dinitrobenzenes. ICF also notes that the analytical detection limits for these constituents are
much lower than the HBL.
1.2 Selection of Surrogate Hazardous Levels
If a particular hazardous constituent does not have an Agency-approved HBL, the
petitioner can derive a "case-specific" level based on the methodology contained in RFI
Guidance. Interim Final, Section 8 - Health and Environmental Assessment. May 1989.
Alternatively, the petitioner can use a surrogate level based on the lowest of either the
analytical detection limit listed in Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste.
Physical/Chemical Methods. (SW-846), third edition, 1986, or the practical quantitation limit
cited in 40 CFR §264, Appendix IX. Envirocorp chose to use surrogate levels for the
constituents that did not have Agency-approved HBLs.
ICF used SW-846 and 40 CFR §264, Appendix IX to evaluate the detection limits and
practical quantitation limits cited by Envirocorp. In most cases, ICF determined that
Envirocorp cited the correct detection limit/practical quantitation limit. In a few instances,
ICF proposed more appropriate detection limits/practical quantitation limits. ICF presents
a comparison of Envirocorp's and ICF's surrogate levels in Attachment 1.
13 Evaluation of the Reference Molecule Approach
As discussed in Guidance No. 7L once the petitioner determines that a specific
constituent has neither an Agency-approved HBL or surrogate level, the petitioner may
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choose to estimate ad hoc detection limits. Envirocorp chose to estimate ad hoc detection
limits using their reference molecule approach.
ICF evaluated Envirocorp's reference molecule approach for deriving ad hoc
detection levels by assessing and evaluating the molecular structures of the analytes of
concern against Envirocorp's proposed reference molecules. ICF's analysis focused on the
structure (i.e., straight chain, cyclic, aromatic), functional groups, and molecular size. ICF
presents the reference molecule ad hoc detection limits selected by Envirocorp in
Attachment 1.
ICF agreed with Envirocorp's selection of reference molecules for all of the
constituents, except 22. ICF presents the constituent number (designated by Envirocorp),
common constituent name, and Envirocorp's reference molecule for these 22 compounds in
Table 1. ICF used the following criteria for selecting more appropriate reference molecules
(i.e., molecules that more closely resembled the analyte in question): (1) structural similarity
(i.e., straight chain or cyclic); (2) functional group; and (3) listing as an SW-846 analyte.
ICF discusses why each of the 22 reference molecules selected by Envirocorp may not be
the most appropriate constituents to derive ad hoc detection limits. This discussion, which
follows, is organized by compound number.
TABLE 1
Comparison of Reference Molecules Selected by Envirocorp and ICF
NO.
Common Names
Envirocorp's Reference Molecule
ICF Reference Molecule
12
Aflatoxins
Dibenzofuran
None Proposed
19
5-(Aminomethyl)-3-
isoxazolol
N-N itrosopyrrolidine
Pho&alone
21
Amitrole
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Tnademeton
34
Azaserine
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Pronamide
94
1-(o-Chlorophenyl)
thiourea
1-Acetylthiourea
Ethylene Thiourea
W
Cycasin
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
N-nitrosodimethylamine
111
Cyclophosphamide
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
Hexamethyl
phosphuramide
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TABLE 1 (Continued)
Comparison of Reference Molecules Selected by Envirocorp and ICF
NO.
Common Names
Envirocorp's Reference Molecule
ICF Reference Molecule
162
Diisopropylfluoro-
phosphate
T ri-p-tolylphosphate
Phosphamidon
197
Ethylenebisdithio-
carbamic acid
Dial! ate
Ethyl Carbamate
198
Ethylenebisdithio-
carbamic acid, salts and
esters
Ethyl Carbonate
Ethyl Carbamate
213
Fluoroacetamide
p-Difluorobenzene
Acrylamide
214
Fluoroacetic acid:
sodium salt
p-Difluorobenzene
Benzoic Acid
232
Hexaethyl
tetraphosphate
Hexamethyl phosphor amide
Tributvl phosphate
302
Nitrogen Mustard
Ethylene Thiourea
Diphenylamine
303
Nitrogen Mustard,
hydrochloride salt
Ethylene Thiourea
Diphenylamine
304
Nitrogen Mustard, N-
oxide
Ethylene Thiourea
Diphenylamine
305
Nitrogen Mustard, N-
oxide, hydrochloride
salt
Ethylene Thiourea
. J ¦
Diphenylamine
321
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Nicotine
362
Saccharin
Safrole
Ethylene Thiourea
363
Saccharin salts
Safrole
Ethylene Thiourea
404
Thiosemicarbazide
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Ethylene Thiourea
420
Trichloromethanethiol
Chloroform
Ethylene Thiourea
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Compound 12: Aflatoxins are large, biologically active macromolecules (Fig. 1).
Envirocorp's reference molecule, dibenzofuran (Fig. 2), is a much smaller organic compound
that lacks many of the functional groups found in aflatoxin, and cannot, therefore, be
expected to exhibit the same chemical properties. An examination of EPA's 1988 List of
Lists, as well as an independent search of EPA methods indicates that there are no GC or
GC/MS methods currently available for the environmental analysis of aflatoxin or structurally
similar molecules. There are, however, methods available for the analysis of aflatoxin in
food and animal tissue using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It is
possible that these methods could be adapted for use in environmental samples.
Information from Supelco, a manufacturer of chromatography supplies, indicates that
detection limits of 10 ppb (0.01 mg/L) are achievable.
I ! y , , v
T Y "1 i | ji
' o V «*•
Fig. 1 Aflatoxin B1 Fig. 2 Dibenzofuran
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Compound 19: 5- (Aminomeihyl)-3-Lsoxazolol (Fig. 3), consists of a five-membered ring
containing both nitrogen and oxygen, a carbonyl group, one double bond, and an amino alkyl
group attached to one of the carbon atoms. ICF believes that this molecule is quite different
from the reference molecule, n-nitrosopyrrolidine (Fig. 4), which also has a five-membered
ring, but has no oxygen incorporated into it, has an unsaturated ring, and has a nitrogen
atom with an NO group attached to it. ICF proposes phosalone (Fig. 5) as a better
reference molecule. Phosalone is a target analyte in SW-846 method 8141 (Determination
of Organo-phosphorus Pesticides by Gas Chromatography) with a detection limit of 0.001
mg/L. We believe this compound is more similar structurally than the originally proposed
reference molecule, because of the composition of five membered ring. Both 5-
(aminomeihyl) -3-isoxazolol and phosalone have nitrogen and oxygen atoms incorporated into
the ring structure with the doubly bonded oxygen directly attached, whereas N-
nitrosopyrrolidine lacks the incorporated oxygen atom, and the doubly bonded oxygen atom
is attached to an adjacent atom rather than being directly attached to the ring itself.
H
h
:n
\
Fig. 3 5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazoloI
H
N=0
Fig. 4 N-Nitrosopvrrolidine
CH iCH ,0
J.
Fig, 5 Phosalone
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Compound 21: Structurally, amitrole (Fig. 6), bears very little similarity to the reference
molecule, p-dimethylaminoazohenzene (Fig. 7). Amitrole is a five-membered ring containing
three nitrogen atoms and two double bonds, with an amino group attached to one of the
carbon atoms. The reference molecule is larger, contains two aromatic rings, and none of
the nitrogen atoms are found in any cyclic configuration. ICF proposes triademefon (Fig. 8)
as a reference molecule for amitrole. Triademefon is a target analyte in EPA method 507
(Determination of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Containing Pesticides by Gas Chromatography),
We believe this to be a better match than the reference molecule originally chosen, because
triademefon contains the identical triazo five membered ring which is entirely lacking in p-
dimethylaminoazobenzene.
H
H- N- H
\
Fig. 6 Amitrole
Fig. 7 p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Fig. 8 Triademefon
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Compound 34: Azaserine (Fig. 9), is a straight chain compound with a carboxylic acid
functional group at one end, an N2 group at the other end, an ester moiety in the middle,
and an amino group attached to one of the carbon atoms. ICF believes that p-
dimethylaminoazobenzene (Fig. 10), whose structure was described above for Compound 21,
is an inadequate reference molecule because the molecular structure does not resemble the
molecular structure of azaserine. Azaserine is an azo derivative of the amino acid serine.
An exhaustive search of available analytical methods failed to yield amino acid-like
compounds. The closest match found by ICF was pronamide (Fig. 11). Like azaserine,
pronamide contains a carbonyl group and an amino group in a straight chain configuration.
Although not an ideal match, we believe this molecule to be more closely related to
azaserine than the originally proposed p-dimethylaminoazobenzene. Pronamide is a target
analvte in SW-846 method 8270A.
Fig-9 Azaserine Fig, 10 p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Fig. 11 Pronamide
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Compound 94: l-(o-Chlorophenyl) thiourea (Fig. 12), and the reference molecule, 1-acetyl
thiourea (Fig. 13), both contain the thiourea functional group, and it is possible that this may
be the best choice for a reference molecule, given the limited number of compounds for
which an analytical method is available. ICF, however, recommends caution when making
health-related decisions based on the comparison of these two molecules. The chemical of
interest contains a chlorinated benzene group, whereas the reference molecule contains a
simple alkyl aldehyde; therefore, the resulting difference in toxic effects between these two
moieties may be significant. ICF recommends ethylene thiourea (Fig. 14) as a more
appropriate reference molecule. Ethylene thiourea and l-(o-chlorophenyl) thiourea are cyclic
compounds containing sulfur, and nitrogen atoms.
5
„N —C — NH
H
Fig. 12 l-(o-Chlorophenyl) thiourea
Fig. 13 1-Acetyl thiourea
s
H
H5 C
C
N C SH
H H H H
Fig. 14 Ethylene Thiourea
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Compound 109: Cycasin (Fig. 15), is a naturally occurring molecule comprised of a six-
membered, single oxygen-containing, unsaturated ring, with three alcohol, one methanol, and
a azoxy methyl group attached to the cyclic carbons. ICF notes that this constituent bears
no resemblance to the Envirocorp reference molecule, p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (Fig. 16),
described above for Compound 21. ICF believes that it is extremely difficult to draw
conclusions concerning toxicity or detection limits by comparing these two molecules. ICF
recommends N-nitrosodimethylamine (Fig. 17) as a more appropriate reference molecule,
because it is a nitrosoamine that contains the functional group found in the active
component of the cycasin.
jed -
N =N
[\ 1 C C L
Fig. 15 Cycasin
Fig. 16 p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Fig. 17 N-nitrosodimethylamine
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Compound 111: Cyclophosphamide (Fig. 18), consists of an unsaturated, six-membered ring
containing three heteroatoms (phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen) with a chlorinated alkyl
amine attached to the phosphorus atom. The reference compound, octamethyl
pyrophosphoramide (Fig. 19), not only lacks the heteroatomic ring structure, but the alkyl
amino groups are not halogenated. Hexamethyl phosphoramide (Fig. 20), is proposed as a
better reference molecule because it and the analyte of concern are functional derivatives
of carboxylic acid and semivolatile compounds.
-O ...
•-"CH ? CH ? c I
~~Ch 7 CH } C I
Fig. 18 Cyclophosphamide
CH 3
CH 3
Cm
N C 0
N li
p q p
N
Fig. 19 Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide
o
h r.
CH,
N —P —N
/ I
H3C I CH3
N
/ \
H_C CH,
Fig. 20 Hexamethyl phosphoramide
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Compound 162: Diisopropylfluorophosphate (Fig. 21), consists of a central phosphorus atom
to which is attached one doubly bonded oxygen atom, one fluorine atom, and two isopropyl
ether groups. The reference molecule, tri-p-totyl phosphate (Fig. 22), contains the central
phosphorous atom with doubly bonded oxygen, but the other three groups are p-toluene
moieties. The structural dissimilarities (lack of halogen and ether functionalities) are strong
enough to make a direct comparison difficult. ICF notes that the chemical of interest is
highly soluble in water, however, the reference molecule is not. A possible alternative
reference molecule could be phosphamidon (Fig. 23), which like the chemical of interest,
contains the phosphorous with doubly bonded oxygen and two alkvl ether groups. This
molecule also lacks the direct halogenation, but the final group attached to the phosphorous
does contain a chlorine atom. ICF notes that the detection limit for phosphamidon using
8270 is 10"1 mg/L, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of iri-p-toiylphosphaie.
Fig. 21 Diisopropylfluorophosphate Fig. 22 Tri-p-tolyl phosphate
H
S
H —C-
\ CH, C l O /
0 I I if H-*~C—H
\ III/
P— C^C—C C N
H—t—
Fig. 23 Phosphamidon
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Compound 197: Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid (Fig, 24), and the reference molecule,
diallaie (Fig. 25), differ greatly in structure. The chemical of interest contains two
dithiocarbamic acid groups, diallate has none. The reference molecule is halogenated and
contains unsaturated carbons, whereas the carbamic acid does not. ICF notes that, although
it is probable for both molecules to be detected using method 8270, it is not possible to
predict the detection limit of either with any certainty. ICF believes that ethyl carbamate
(Fig. 26), whose primary variation from the molecule of interest is the substitution of oxygen
atoms for sulfur atoms, would be a better reference molecule.
c. c, H
jl II ^s j ,
HS C N CH , CH, N C SH CH ' \ c —s-;>.—~* = r
i j " c. '
H H cm, ^
Fig. 24 Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid Fig. 25 Diallate
-n
Fig. 26 Ethyl carbamate
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Compound 198: Ail example of Ethylenebisdilhiocarbamic acid, salts and esters is provided
in Fig. 27. Envirocorp's reference molecule is ethyl carbonate (Fig. 28). ICF, however,
believes that ethyl carbamate (Fig. 29), is more structurally similar to the chemical of interest,
which makes it a better reference molecule.
,C NHC 5V
;c NHC 5
Fig. 27 Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid,
Manganous salt
Fig, 28 Ethyl carbonate
0
NH
-0
-CH „ CH
Fig. 29 Ethyl carbamate
Compound 213: The only similarity between fluoroacetamide (Fig. 30), and the Envirocorp
reference molecule, 1,4-difluorobenzene (Fig. 31), is that both molecules contain a fluorine
atom. As a result, ICF is unable to conclude whether similar detection limits are achievable.
Fluoroacetamide and the ICF proposed reference molecule acrylamide (Fig. 32), are both
derivatives of acetamide, and therefore should behave similarly.
F .
-NH
Fig. 30 Fluoroacetamide
Fig. 31 1,4-Difluorobenzene
H 0
H
H
-N
M
Fig. 32 Acrylamide
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Compound 214: The only similarity between the sodium salt of fluoroacetic acid (Fig, 33).
and Envirocorp's reference molecule, 1,4-difluorobenzene (Fig. 34), is that both molecules
contain a fluorine atom. The sodium salt of fluoroacetic acid and the 1CF proposed
reference molecule, benzoic acid (Fig. 35), are both carboxvlic acids. Since the properties
of the carboxyl group is essentially the same regardless of what is attached to it, ICF believes
that benzoic acid is a more appropriate reference molecule.
-Na
Fig. 33 Fluoroacetic acid, salt
Fig. 34 1,4-Difluorobenzene
Fig. 35 Benzoic acid
Compound 232: Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (Fig. 36), is an ester functional derivative of
carboxylic acids, containing carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen atoms. Envirocorp's
reference molecule hexamethylphosphoramide (Fig. 37), is an amide functional derivative of
carboxylic acids, containing carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. ICF
believes that tributyl phosphate (Fig. 38), which, like the chemical of interest, is also an ester
functional derivative of carboxylic acid, is a more acceptable reference molecule.
Fir. 36 Hexaethyl tetraphosphate Fitf. 37 Hexamethvl phosphoramide
Fij», 38 Tributyl phosphate
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Compounds 302, 303, 304, 305: Nitrogen mustard and its derivatives (Fig. 39), is an open
chain amine with a chlorinated alkyl group on each side of the nitrogen atom and a methyl
group attached to the nitrogen atom. Envirocorp's reference molecule, ethylene thiourea
(Fig. 40), is a closed chain functional derivative of carboxylic acids containing a sulfur atom.
The presence of a sulfur atom in the chemical structure of ethylene thiourea may make this
an unacceptable reference molecule. ICF believes that diphenylamine (Fig. 41), which is an
amine with an aryl group attached to the nitrogen atom, may be a more acceptable
reference molecule.
H
CI — c-
I
H
H
-c-
1
H
Fig. 39 Nitrogen Mustard
-NH
Fig. 40 Ethylene thiourea
Fig. 41 Diphenylamine
Compound 321: N-Nitrosonornicotine (Fig. 42), has both a ring and a closed chain structure.
N-Nitrosonornicotine is also a derivative of nicotine. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (Fig. 43),
Envirocorp's choice for a reference molecule is an open chain amine compound. ICF
believes that nicotine (Fig. 44), may be a more appropriate reference molecule.
Fig. 42 Nitrosonornicotine
Fig. 43 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
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Compounds 362 and 363: Saccharin (Fig. 45), is a ring structure that contains sulfur, oxygen,
and nitrogen atoms. Safrole (Fig. 46). Envirocorp's reference molecule for Saccharin and
its salt, may not be an acceptable reference molecule because it is an aromatic phenol
compound that does not contain a sulfur atom. ICF believes that ethylene thiourea (Fig. 47),
may be a more acceptable reference molecule because it is a closed chain structure that
contains sulfur and nitrogen atoms and is detectable using SW-846 test methods.
Fig. 45 Saccharin
Fig. 46 Safrole
< %! H
"'N!
Fig. 47 Ethylene thiourea
Compound 404: Thiosemicarbazide (Fig. 48), is an open chain compound containing a
sulfur-nitrogen and sulfur-carbon bond. Envirocorp's reference molecule, 1,2-
diphenylhydrazine (Fig. 49), does not contain a sulfur atom. ICF believes that ethylene
thiourea (Fig. 50), which is a closed chain structure that contains sulfur and nitrogen atoms,
may be a better reference molecule because ethylene thiourea is more similar in molecular
structure and is detectable using SW-846 test methods.
Fig. 48 Thiosemitarhazide Fig. 49 1,2-Diphenylhydrazinc
Fig. 50 Ethylene thiourm
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Compound 420: Trichloromethanethiol (Fig. 51), is an open chain compound containing a
trichloromethane group attached to a sulfur atom. Envirocorp's reference molecule,
chloroform (Fig. 52), is a trichlorinated methane compound. Ethylene thiourea (Fig. 53), is
a closed chain structure that contains sulfur and nitrogen atoms. ICF believes that ethylene
thiourea is more similar in molecular structure, and therefore, is a more appropriate
reference molecule.
c I
CI— C
C I
Fig. 51 Trichloromethanethiol Fig. 52 Chloroform
NH
Fig. 53 Ethylene thiourea
1.4 Conclusions
Envirocorp's reference molecule approach is scientifically valid for deriving ad hoc
detection limits for constituents that do not have Agency-approved HBLs or Agency-
approved surrogate levels. As noted above, ICF agreed with all but 22 of Envirocorp's
selected reference molecules. ICF has proposed alternative reference molecules for all 22
compounds with the exception of aflatoxin. An extensive evaluation of this constituent
indicates that GC/MS is not the appropriate analytical methodology for identification of this
constituent. ICF suggests that high pressure liquid chromatography be used for the
determination of this macromolecule. Lastly, the results of Envirocorp's reference molecule
analysis, can be used in conjunction with the most recent toxicological information contained
in EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) data base to update Guidance No. 71.
^ ICF Incorporated
Page 19
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1.5 Recommendations for Follow-up Work
ICF recommends the following steps be taken to enhance the accuracy of
Envirocorp's proposed reference molecule approach for determining the ad hoc detection
limits:
Although dichloroisopropyl ether and chloroacetaldehyde were
selected by Envirocorp as reference molecules, these constit-
uents are not included in SW-846. ICF suggests that Envirocorp
only select reference molecules that are included in SW-846.
Several compounds are naturally occurring constituents, e.g.,
aflatoxin and cycasin. An evaluation of the literature suggests
that a High Performance Liquid Chromatography method may
be a better analytical methodology. Additional information
should be collected to determine the feasibility of using this
technique.
OGWDW should obtain a report of all the HBLs currently
available from IRIS. The information contained in IRIS and in
Attachment 1 should be used to update Guidance No. 71.
OGWDW should consider allowing other Offices within the
Agency to review the updated Guidance No. 71, prior to
distributing the document to petitioners, due to the potential
ramifications of this document on other Agency programs.
The detection limits cited in Attachment 1 are obtainable using
standard SW-846 test methods. OGWDW should determine
whether petitioners need to undertake "heroic" analytical efforts
to obtain the lowest possible surrogate levels.
EPA should perform a method detection limit study to verify
the accuracy of the ad hoc detection limits.
^ ICF Incorporated
Page 20
-------
2.0 FEASIBILITY AND APPLICATION OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FATE
AND TRANSPORT OF HIGHLY COMPLEX WASTES IN DEEP INJECTION
ZONES
ICF assessed the feasibility and application of computer model simulation to predict
the fate and transport of a highly complex mixture of organic and inorganic wastes within
the injection zone (aquifer). ICF notes that both flow and transport (advection-dispersion)
and geochemical models have been utilized to predict fate and transport of hazardous
constituents within an injection zone. These models also have been used to demonstrate,
with a reasonable degree of certainty, that there will be no migration of hazardous
constituents from the injection zone for as long as the waste remains hazardous. ICF
presents a brief discussion of why numerical simulation models are necessary for no-
migration demonstrations below. ICF also presents a general discussion of the processes
that must be considered when evaluating the utility of numerical simulation models below.
In order to obtain a no-migration exemption, petitioners must demonstrate that, to
a reasonable degree of certainty, there will be no migration of hazardous constituents from
the injection zone for as long as the waste remains hazardous (i.e., up to 10,000 years). This
demonstration can be made in either of two ways. First, petitioners can demonstrate, using
flow and transport models, that the injected fluids will not migrate vertically out of the
injection zone, or laterally to a point of discharge or interface with an underground source
of drinking water (USDW). Second, petitioners can use geochemical modeling to
demonstrate that the waste is transformed in such a manner that it becomes non-hazardous
within the injection zone. Both methods require the comparison of the predicted injection
zone boundary concentrations to the appropriate HBLs.
2.1 Processes in Subsurface Migration
The major processes that affect fluid migration within the injection zone are:
• Advection, which arises due to the difference in heads between the injection
and in-situ fluids;
• Dispersion, due to the phenomenon of different contaminant particles flowing
at different velocities within the tortuous porous medium;
• Diffusion, due to the concentration gradient of the contaminant;
• Adsorption of contaminant particles on the porous surface during transport;
^ ICF Incorporated
Page 21
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• Chemical/geochemical reactions among various chemicals and with the
formation.
Numerical simulation models attempt to account for each of these major processes
in order to predict flow and transport of the constituent of interest. ICF cautions that any
model only is as good as both the equations describing flow and transport and the chemical-
specific and site-specific input data.
Equations describing advection and dispersion of subsurface fluids are well established
in the literature. ICF notes, however, that aquifers are not homogeneous in most cases and
the geology of the site is not known in detail; therefore, exact analytical or numerical
solutions of the above equations are difficult to obtain in practical cases. ICF also notes that
the solution of the dispersion equation exhibits an asymptotic decline in waste concentration
away from the well bore; therefore, the ultimate plume radius may be enhanced by a factor
of two or more, depending on a variety of chemical-, and site-specific factors. Combined
advection-dispersion equations also assume that the chemical constituent is non-reactive in
order to estimate the travel time and its concentration at any point. Advection-dispersion
equations are based on the presumption that the maximum transport velocity is obtained,
and therefore, are used to provide an upper bound prediction of constituent migration.
Diffusion is a very slow process occurring over a relatively long period of time and
is only apparent when advection is not dominant. Diffusion is found to be important in
modeling a long-term migration scenario following the cessation of active injection, and more
so when the base of the USDW and the top of the injection zone are separated by a
relatively short distance. Adsorption is known to retard the migration of the subsurface
plume but very limited data are available to demonstrate its effect on the containment of
the injected waste with a reasonable degree of certainty.
In many cases, chemical and geochemical reactions are known to retard plume
migration and/or render the plume non-hazardous: A prime example, is the injection of
highly acidic waste fluid into a carbonate formation. Due to the acid-rock reaction, the
plume is rendered non-hazardous (pH > two) within a relatively short distance (two - five
feet) from the well bore. In certain cases, where the chemical/geochemical reactions are
sufficiently rapid to render the waste non-hazardous in a very short period of time, rigorous
analysis of the long-term migration of the injected fluid may be unnecessary.
^ ICF Incorporated
Page 22
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2.2 Flow and Transport Modeling
Models predicting subsurface fluid flow are well recognized and virtually all no-
migration petitions incorporate an analytical, semi-analytical or numerical analysis predicting
fluid migration based on advection. The more realistic models utilize a synergistic approach
where the phenomena of advection (flow) and dispersion (transport) are coupled. The
operators of Class I wells utilize a wide range of mathematical models to predict subsurface
waste migration during the active and post-injection periods. The models range from simple
analytical solutions of fluid flow in a supposedly homogeneous media to highly involved
numerical schemes for coupled equations of fluid flow, transport, adsorption, density
variation, and temperature in complex geologic settings.
2.3 Geochemical Modeling
Researchers began using geochemical models to simulate fate and transport processes
in the 1960's. The use of geochemical models increased as more complete thermodynamic
data bases were developed. Thermodynamic data bases permit the calculation of
fluid/mineral equilibria and water/rock reactions in multicomponent systems under the
conditions of elevated temperature and pressure present in deep aquifers. Unfortunately,
the thermochemical data necessary to run geochemical models are generally sparse and has
limited the numerical simulation of subsurface waste reactions. For example, little work has
been done on the calculation of organic transformation and organic waste/rock reactions in
the subsurface, particularly on the complex organic-inorganic waste streams injected in
commercial Class I wells.
Geochemical modeling of chemical transformations occurring in solution and
fluid/mineral reactions do not consider adsorption reactions or biological transformations.
Both of these processes, however, are important in the degradation and attenuation of
hazardous constituents. As a result, the inability of geochemical models to consider these
processes is an important limitation. In addition, geochemical modeling of subsurface waste
transformations and waste/rock reactions for complex inorganic and organic waste streams
has not been verified. Nonetheless, these models may be valuable in predicting waste
transformations, as evidenced by their ability to simulate experimental results and to predict
reaction rates found in natural systems. The lack of thermochemical data necessary for
calculating the reaction kinetics of a highly complex waste, however, precludes widespread
use of reaction codes.
In summary, the major processes that can reduce the concentrations of hazardous
compounds that are disposed by deep well injection include: microbial activity, sorption,
^ ICF Incorporated
Page 23
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hydrolysis, oxidation, and chemical interaction. Computer codes available in the public
domain for calculating inorganic chemical equilibria and fluid/mineral reactions include
EQ3/6; however, they are difficult to use, the thermochemical data base for some elements
is inadequate, and rate and sorption processes are not considered. Another computer code
for calculating subsurface waste reactions, ECES, has been developed by DuPont. This code
is described as an electrolyte solution equilibrium program with kinetics and flow; however,
this code is proprietary and cannot be verified independently.
2.4 Use of Reference Molecules In Modeling
Organic compounds may be separated into their primary functional groups because
compounds within the same functional group generally: (1) have similar chemical properties;
(2) behave similarly in chemical reactions; and, (3) often exhibit a gradation in physical
properties with increasing molecular weight. In some cases, these functional groups can be
further subdivided into structural groups when the molecule attached to the functional group
influences reaction rates. ICF cautions that the functional group driving the selection of the
reference molecule may not be the same functional group that influences the geochemical
reactions of the constituent within the injection formation. Additional investigation,
therefore, is needed to determine how the reference molecule selected for derivation of the
ad hoc detection limit will affect the reaction rate of the individual constituent and impacts
the overall degradation and transformation processes.
2.5 Conclusions
Both flow and transport (advection-dispersion) and geochemical models have been
utilized to predict fate and transport of hazardous constituents within an injection zone.
These models also have been used to demonstrate, with a reasonable degree of certainty,
that there will be no migration of hazardous constituents from the injection zone for as long
as the waste remains hazardous. Geochemical models, however, are not as widely used as
flow and transport models to demonstrate no migration due to the lack of thermodynamic
data bases, proprietary codes, etc., for modeling a complex mixture of organic and inorganic
wastes.
ICF lists some of the concerns relating to modeling the fate and transport of a highly
complex mixture of organic and inorganic wastes within a deep injection zone below:
• Combined advection-dispersion equations assume that the
chemical constituent is non-reactive in order to estimate the
travel time and its concentration at any point.
^ ICF Incorporated
Page 24
-------
Advection-dispersion equations are used to generate worst-case
scenarios and bound the extent of the waste, on the
presumption that the maximum transport velocity is obtained.
• Most chemical substances move through the subsurface not as
ideal, non-reactive substances. Chemical substances typically
are impacted by biological and/or chemical processes, that in
turn affect chemical mobility.
• The physical-chemical interactions include alterations in the
chemical or electronic configuration of an element or molecule;
alterations in nuclear composition; the establishment of new
associations with other chemical species; and interactions with
solid surfaces. All of these interactions/processes need to be
investigated at depth. Otherwise, predictions from such models
will be incorrect. For example, non-linearity of the sorption
behavior and time dependency of the sorption process has
largely been ignored. To resolve the discrepancy between
predicted and actual transport, most practitioners arbitrarily
adjust some other poorly characterized model parameter (e.g.,
dispersion). Again, this leads to erroneous predictions on waste
transport and mobility.
In summary, flow and transport models are better understood and more widely used
than geochemical models. However, in either case, it is critically important to evaluate all
aspects of deep well injection and the physical, chemical, and biological processes that take
place in the injection zone and overlying confining zone. This becomes even more important
when evaluating fate and transport in a commercial Class I injection well accepting a
complex and varied mixture of organic and inorganic wastes.
2.6 Recommendations for Follow-up Work
ICF notes that budgetary constraints imposed on this work assignment make it
impossible to do a rigorous assessment of ultimate fate and transport of the petitioner's
injected wastes. In addition, the no migration demonstration (utilizing a flow and transport
model) that was submitted to EPA by the petitioner was not available for review. As a
^ ICF Incorporated
Page 25
-------
result, ICF recommends that OGWDW consider performing the following tasks prior to
determining that GNI Group, Inc./Disposal Systems Inc. (or any other petitioner) can model
the fate and transport of a highly complex waste stream:
• Review the petitioner's modeling strategy that predicted the
pressure buildup and waste movement within the injection zone.
• Evaluate the past operating history (pressures, rates,
temperature, etc.); site-specific and regional geology; well
construction and monitoring; mechanical integrity; waste
compatibility with downhole tubulars; and in-situ fluids and rock
and interactions to better understand fate and transport
processes in deep aquifers. For example, data on pressure
fall-off tests in conjunction with mechanical integrity tests need
to be evaluated to confirm model predictions with observed
pressures (the petitioner's current permit requires these tests on
an annual basis). These data will provide monitoring
information on aquifer system performance, waste
transformations, and unexpected reactions that can be used to
corroborate theoretical predictions.
• Obtain and evaluate waste characterization data. Waste
streams injected into a commercial Class I well are extremely
variable (depending on which generator's wastes are currently
being injected); therefore, waste characterization information is
necessary to predict degradation reactions and to evaluate
compatibility with the injection and confining zones, the well(s)
and, the host rock/fluid.
Finally, ICF cautions that it is critically important to integrate all of the above data
with the fate and transport assessment in order to obtain a clearer picture of hazardous
waste transformations within a deep injection zone.
^ ICF Incorporated
Page 26
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ATTACHMENT 1
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No,
Chemical Name
ffefertshc« Molecule
Envlrocorp's
HBL
tiSEPA/DAD'S
HBt {mg/U %j
Envirocorp's
Detection
Umft (mg/U
ICF's
Detection
Limit
SW-848
Analytical
Test
Method
1
03-32-0
Acenaphthene
-
2.0 x 10*5
I.Ox 10"*
1.0 x 10 *
S270
2,
200-96-8
Aeenaphthylen©
- .
1.0x 10"*
1:0 X10"2
0270
3
75-05-8
Acetonitrlle
2.0 x 10 1
2,0 X 10"1
4
; 87-B4-1
Acetone .
4.0 x 10*9
4,0 X 10*°
5
88-86-2
Acetophenone
4,0 x 10'°
4,0 X 10*°
-
¦ 6! ¦
53-96-3
2-Acetylamlnof!uorene
1,0X10'*
2.0 x 10 !
8270
7
75-38-8
Acetyl chloride
Vinyl Chloride
-
2,0 x 10 3
1,0 x 10 2
8240
0
591-08-2
1'Acetyl*2-thioursa
¦ -
o
X
o
1.0* 10*°
8270
9
107-02-8
Acrolein
7,0 x 1G'1
u.u x lO 3
5.0 X 10"J
8240
10
79-06-1
Acrylamide
9.0 x 1Q"6
9.0 X 10"6 a
11
107-13-1
Acrylonltrlle
7.0 x 10's
8.0x 10~5
12
1402-60-2
Afietejtfn ......
-
-
1.0x10^
.1,0 X 10"a
HPL.C""
13
116-06-3
Aldlcarb
1.0 X 1(T2
3,0 X 10"3 b
14
309,00-02
Aldrin
2.0 x_1Q"4
2,0 X 10~*
15
107-18-0
Ally! alcohol
2,0 x 10"1
2.0 x 10"1 b
-
Iff:.:-
107-05-1
Ally! chloride
-
-
5.0X10"'
5,0 X 10"3
8240
17
20059-73-0
Aluminum phosphide
1.0 x 10"2
1.0 x 10 2 a
-
18
92-67*1
4-Amlnabiphenyl
-
-
i.ox «rJ
2.0 x 10 2
B270
19
2783-88-4
5-(Amlnomethyl}-3-lsoxazolol
Phosalone *
I.Ox io"!
4.0 x 10"J
827Q
20
504-24-5
4*Aminopyrid1ne
Pyridine
7.0 x 10 4 b
s.ox 10"1
S.Ox 10"3
8240
ICF Incorporated
Page A-1
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation (if Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
Sc
CAS No
Chemicai Name
Reference Molecule
Envlrocorp's
HBL (mg/L)
USEPA/CAD's
HBL (mg/L) u
Envlrocorp's
Daiectlon
Limit (mg/L)
ICF's
Detection
Limit
(mg/L)
SW-846
Analytical
test
Method
6* 82 5
Asr*TQ*9
Triademefon •
8.0 x 10~5 b
1.0 X 10 2
1.0 x 10"2
8270
22
?3G5-5!V6
Ar-^vorKirr, vanadate
Vanadium
4.0 X 10*2
4.0 X 10"2
7811
23
82 M-3
A/!!i=ne
1.0 * 10 2
6.0 x 10"3
2*
120-12-7
A/ittifac*r>e
-
1.0X 10"
1.0x10"*
1.0 X 10"2
8270
25
7440-36-C
Antimony
1.0 x 10~2
e.ox 10 3
26
Antimony and compounds N.OS.
1.0 * 10"*
8,0 x 10'3 d
2?
140-57-e
A/am<1e
I.Ox 10"3
I.Ox 10"2
2.0 X 10"2
8270
2fl
7440-3&-?
A/sen k:
5.0 X 10'2
5.0 x 10'2
-
2 3
A/ter»c tno*id«
Arsenic
1.0X 10"2
1.0 X 10'2
7060
4 4-Oxydianiline
4.0 X 10 4 b
1.0 x 10 !
2.0 x 10 2
8270
34
1 ' 5-S2^5
Ajaa»ri?>e
Pronamide *
1.0 k 10
1.0 x 10"2
8270
'44.0 3?> 3
Bar-urn a.nd barium compounds
10 x 10'°
2.0 x 10-0
36
S42 £2 1
Sanum cyanide
2 Ox 10'°
2.0 x 10*° a
3"'
275 5' 4
B^rzjclacr-d'rte
Dibenz[a,jjacridine
1.0 X 10"2
1.0 x 10 2
8270
S5-5S-3
SeTlaJanttvacer-e
1.0 x ID'5
1.0X 10'4
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-2
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No,
Chemfcel Name
. Reference Molecule :
Envirocorp's
H@L Img/g
USEPA/CAD'3
HBL Cmg/y 1/
Enviracorp's
Detection
Limit (rng/y: .
ICPs
Detection
. mm
SW-848
Analytical
Test
Method
39
98-87-3
Benzal chlofide
Benzotrichlorlde
1.0 X 10 2
1.0 X 10 2
8250
40
-¦ 71-43-2
Benzene
5.0 x 10"3; :
5:0 x 10"3
.
:: *
41
98-05-5
Benzentarsonic acid
Arsenic
1.0 X 10"*
1.0 x 10"2
7080
42
92-87-6
Benzidine
£0 * 10';
2,0 x 10 7 c
,
43
205*99-2
Benzo(b]f!uoranthene
2.0 xlO"4
1.8« 10J
1.8 X 10~5
8310
44
205-82-3
BenzoUJftuoraflthene :
+.
i,axio~5
1,8 X10'5
6310
45
207-08-8
Benzo[k]fluoranthen©
Benzo[b]f!uoranthene
.
2.0 x 10~4
1.7 X 10~5
1.7 x 10"5
8310
48
.50-32-8
Benzo(ajpyrene
a.o x 1Q'S
2.0 *10"4
•
47
100-51-4
p-Benzoqulnone
1.0 x 10 2
1.0 X 10 2
8270
48
68-07-7
Benzotrlchlofide
- •.
3.0 * 1
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
m
CAS NO
GhemiceJ Name
Reference Molecule
Envlrocorp's
HBL (mg/U
USEPA/CAQ's
HBL (rag/L) 1/
Envlrocorp's
Detection
Lima (mg/U
ICF's
Detection
Limit
(mg/L>
SW-848
Analytical
Test
Method
75-??-4
B/omodichkKomethafio
7.01 10 1
3.0* 10 *
.
sa
7*»-2
Bfomofotm
?.o * «r'
4.0 x 10"®
.
: -
$9
~0«-5S-3
4 Br©moph*«yI phenyl eth'Sf
1,0 x itrz
1.0*10 2
0270
80
35? 57-3
Bruc*t#
Strychnine
.
.
1,0 x 10~*
4*0 X 10 2
827a
r
9V«8 ?
Butyl benzyl phthalate
1,0x 10"*
5.0 x 10'3
5.0 x 10 3
8080
02
75 60 5
CecsxtyHe eckj (Dimethyl itrtenk; acid}
A/senlc
.
1.0x10-' b
i.o* 10-*
1.0 X 10"'
mm: :
S3
7*40 43-9
C«d*n'yir
10 * 102
5.0x10 3
S4
Cad** aim •nd compound# N O.S
1.0 x 10*
5.0x10-3d
-
«
orftS'-J-S
Cak'um chromate
Chromium
1.0* 10~!
1.0 X 10 2
7181
m
W2-01 8
Caicfljm cyanide
1.0*10'°
1.0x10*° a
-
.
a*
-t> '5-0
C#fbon d--su&>de
4.0 * 10*°
4.0x10"'
-
m
3&3--9C 4
Cartx>n o*yfiu<>f
OlchSorodlftuoro methane
5.0 x 10-'
5.0 X 10-3
8240
V 13 5
C-B*bo^ tefa-h'^nde
5.0 X 10 3
5.0 x 10 1
?z
«?¦*
Otorai
ChloraacelaJdthyde
-
7.0 X 10 ! b
5.0 X 10~5
NA
8240
••
V«* ^
^ -
5-Chioro-2 MettiyianlHne
7.0 x 10 6 b
1.0 x 10 2
1.0 * 10~2
8270
57-74 •;
0*=*dane
3.0 X 10*s
2.0 X 10"3
-
O'ydane a r-^a and ga~-ma wom*f$)
Chiordane
1.0 x 10"
1 0 X 10 4
8080
?4
t>er
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS NO.
Chemical Name
Reference Molecule
E-nvirocorp's
MBLCmg/U.
USEP A/CAD's
HBl fmg/t) 1/
Envlrocorp's
Detection
. Umit {mg/y
ICF's
Detection
Urn#
(mSfl-S
SW-848
Analytical
Tsst
.MjMhod ,
77
Chlorinated naphthalene, N.O.S, [1]
2 Chloronaphthalene
-
1.0 x 10"*
1.0 X10-2
B270
78
Chlorinated phenol. N.O.S. [1J
2 Ghlorophenot
5.0 x 10 *
5.0 x 10 3
8040
78
494-03-1
Chlornaphaiine
1 Naphthylamine
1.0 x 10~J
1.0X 10'
8270
80
187-20-0
Chtoroaoetaldehyde
, S.Qxtcr'
NA
8240,
81
Chloroalkyl ethers, N.O.S, [1J
2 ChloroethyS ether
1.0 X 10"2
1.0 X 10"*
8270
sa
¦ .;106-47f .
p-ChloroanJIIne
-
. 10x10"'
2.0 x 10 '
2,0 x 10"2
8270
83
108-80-7
Chlorobenzene
1.0 X10"1
1.0x10'
-
84
V 510-15-8 .
Chiofobe^zflate
.
7.0x10-'
: fcOX 10"'
1.B* 10'2
8270
85
59-50-7
p-Chloro-m-cresol
5.0 x lO"3
S,0x10"3
fewu
88
124-48-1
Ghlorodibrombrtnetbarte
(Dibromochlorom ethane)
Dibromochloromethane
4.0X10"*
1.0* 10"3
1,0 X 10"'
8010
87
75-00-3
Chloroethane
5.0 X 10'3
S.O X 10 3
8010
88
110-75-0
a*Ch!oratthyi vinyl ether
s.p x io;'
1.0 x 10**
8240
89
87-86-3
Chloroform
6.0 X 10"3
0.0 X 10"'
-
-
m
107*30-2
Chloromethyl methyl ether .
4,0 XlO*6 .
. 4.0 X 10'6 b
81
81-58-7
beta-Chloronaphthalene (2-
Chloronaphthatene)
2-Chloronaphtha!ene
3.0 X 10*°
1.0 X 10*
1.0 x 10"2
8270
92
9^-57-8 :
o^Chlorophenol (2-Chlorophenof)
2-Gb!ofophenol
2.0 X 10-'
s.ox 10*3
5.0 x 10"3
8040
83
7005-72-3
4 Chlorophenyi phenyl ether
1.0 x 10 2
1.0 X 10®
8270
94
5344-82-1
l-(o-Chlofophenyl) thiourea
Ethylene Thiourea *
"
I.Ox 10 *
1,0x10'"
8270
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-5
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
Ho
CAS No
ChemicaJ Name
Reference Molecule
Envtfocorp's
HBL (mfl/U)
USEPA/CAD's
HBL (mg/l) \J
Envlrocorps
Detection
Umft (mg/L)
ICF's
Detection
Limit
i & 5
Cya/*og*n (Ethanedionitrilo)
Ethanedionitfite
10 X 10,D
1.0x10*° a
506 Sfl 3
Cyarro^en b?om»de
AcetonitrHe
5.0 X 10 3
1.0 x 10-1
0240
506-7? 4
Cyanogen chloride
Chlorine cyanide
2.0 x 10'°
1.0 x 10-'
8240
•??
• 40c' r.e 7
Cycasm
N-Nitrosodimethylamine *
1.0 X 10 *
1.0 x 10 2
0270
1
131-89-5
2-CycJohe*yl-4 6-dinrtroph<»nol
4.8-D(nitro-o-cresol
1.0* 10-'
1.0 X 10"2
8270
50 1 8 C
Cyclophosphamide
Hexamethyl Phosphoramine •
1.0 x 10'5 b
1.0 x 10-'
2.0 x 10'2
0270
1 '2
94 75 ?
2 4-0
2,4 Oichlorophenoxyacetic acid
1.0 X 1Q-'
7.0 X 10~!
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-6
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No.
C5heft»lc«l Nam*
Fteference Molecule
Envlrocorp's
MBL (mg/l)
USEPA/CAO's
HBl (mg/u V
Envirocorp s
Detection
Limit
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No
CAS he
Oemtcai Name
Reference Molecule
Envfrocorp's
HBL (mg/L)
USEPA/CADs
HBL (mg/U V
Envlrocorp's
Detection
Limit (mg/L)
ICFs
Detection
Limit
(mg/L)
SW-848
Analytical
Test
Method
<33
91 94-1
3.3 -D*cMorobe«2id!ne
8.0 x 10"5
1.0 X «r2
2.0 X 10"2
8270
m
764-41 -0
Tran»-1,4-Dtchkxo-2-butene
5.0 X 10"3
1.0x 10"'
8240
*35
75 ? • a
D®chk*odff.u©*omethane
7.0 x 10*°
7.0 x 104°
?53?3 30 2
Ocfciofooch^of>herol
1.0X 10"!
1.0 x 10"2
8270
'4«i
*
D<>1 vop^1 e*~y' ars r-e
Arsenic
1.0 x 10 1
1.0 x 10 2
7060
24636 ?
CK^kwopfopane. N O S (I]
! ,2-Dk:h!oropropane
5.0 x 10"4
5.0 x 10"4
8010
?*545 73 3
Dpanoi NOS (1)
1.2-Otchloropropane
5.0 x 10 4
5.0 x 10 4
8010
'4*
26*52 2 3 S
Oc>->opfopene. N OS. (1}
1,3-Dlchioropropene
5.0 X 10 3
5.0 x 10"3
8240
« 4 *
*42 «=
' 3 C'< K- 3* Dp- c-per f
2.0 x 10"4
2.0 x 10"4 c
IV
GT-5? '
2.0 x 10*6
2.0 x 10*6
•V
• 4*4 53 5
' 2 3 4-Oepox> butane
5.0 x 10 3
5.0 x 10 3
8240
*52
692 42 £
Oetf*ylar*jne
Arsenic
1.0 X 10 2
1.0X 10"2
7060
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-8
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No.
Chemical Name
ReferenceMolecul©
Envirocorp's
HBL (mg/l)
USEPA/CAD's
HBL (mfl/l) 1/
Envlrocorp's
Detection
Limit (mg/L)
ICF's
Detection
Limit
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No
CAS No
Chemical Name
Reference Molecule
Envlrocorp's
HBL (mg/U
USEPA/CADs
HBL (mfl/l) 1/
Envlrocorp's
Detection
Limit (mg/l)
ICF's
Detection
Limit
(mg/L)
SW-846
Analytical
Test
Method
17'
•?<&*%
»-p*a. alphaOmethytpt>enaJate
4.0 x 10*2
5.0 X 10 3
5.0 x 10"3
8060
174
77-78-1
Dimethyl sulfate
Diethyl sulfate
-
-
5.0 X 10"3
S.Ox 10"3
8250
175
25154-54-5
C-n-trobenrene. N O S [i]
m-dinitrobenzene
1.0 X 10~2
2.0 x 10 2
8270
176
534^52-1
4.6-01 nttro-o-cresoJ
-
1.0 x 10'2
5.0 X 10"2
B,0x 10"2
8270
177
4.6-Omitroo-cfesol salts
4,6 Dinitro-o-cresol
1.0 x 10 2
1.0 x 10 2
8270
178
5*-?S-5
2.4- D« ni?roph*no<
7.0 x 10~2
7.0 x 10 *
< rs
'21 '4?
2 4 O:r*rc*o!u«ne
1.0 x 10 ''
5.0 X 10 5
180
9W23-2
2 6 OinXrotofuen*
1.0 X 10"4
5,0 X 10 5
^81
86-85-7
D'-noseb
4.0 X 10"2
7.0 X 10 3
182
11 7-84-0
D»-noctyl-phthalate
7.0 x 10"' c
1.0X 10'2
1.0 x 10"2
8270
1S3
12? 39 4
D-phenylawn«
1.0 x 10'°
9.0 x 10 1
184
122-88-7
i Z-Diph^ylhydrazme
4.0 X 10 s
4.0 X 10~5 C
621 64 7
Ch ¦ i - pf opy1-" rtrosam i re
N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine
5.0 X 10 6
1.0 x 10 2
8270
?9S£4-4
1.0 X 10~3
1.0 X 10~3
' 0 -*
541 7
D:ttlK>t>:Ufet
Ethylene thiourea
1.0 x 10 2
1.0 x 10 2
8250
ie«
1
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Reference Molecule
Envlrocorp's
HBL (mg/l)
USEPA'CADs
HBL (ntgAJ U
Envirocorp's
Detection
Umft (ma/L)
, ICFs
Detection
: Limit
(T1JJ/L.)
SW-846
Analytical
Test
Method
191
Endrln metabolites
Endrln
1.0 x 10"4
1.0X10-*
8080
m
106-09-8
JEpichtorohydrln
1 -chioro-2,3-epoxy propane
40* 10'3
4.0 x 10'3 a
193
51-43-4
Epinephrine
o-cresol
1.0 x 102
1.0 X 10-'
8270
194
51-79-0
Ethyl carbamate
Urethane
-
5.0 x 10'2
5.0 x 10 2
8270
195
107-12-0
Ethyl cyanide
Propionltrile
5.0 x 10 3
1.0x10-'
8240
198
100-41-4
Ethyl benzene
¦7.0X10"'
7.0X10"'
197
111-54-8
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid
Ethyl Carbamate *
1.0 x 10"2
1.0 X 10"2
8270
168
Ethylehebisdithlocarbamic acid, salts and
esters
Ethyl Carbamate *
1.0 x 10"2
5.0 x 10"*
8270
199
108-93-4
Ethylene dibromlde
5.0 * 105
5.0 X 105
200
107-06-2
Ethylene dichloride
1,2'Dichloroethane
' 5.C X 10'1
5.0 X lO"*
201
110-80-5
Ethylene glycol monoethyt ether
2-Ethoxyethanol
5.0 x 10"3
NA
8240
202
: i5i'5e-4
Ethyleneimine
N-Propylamlne
5.0 X 10'*
5.0 x 10*3
8240
203
75-21-8
Ethylene oxide
Oxirane
1.0 * 10"4
3.0 x 10"5 b
204
98-45-7
Ethylenethiourea
e.qx 10"5 b
1.0 X10"2
1.0 x 10'2
8250
205
75-34-3
Ethylene dichloride
1,1 Dichloroethane
4.0 X 10"
1.0 X 103
1.0x 10'3
8010
206
97-B3-2
Ethyl methacrylate
¦
3,0 x 10'°
5.0 X 10 3
5.0 X 10"3
8240
207
62-50-0
Ethyl methanesulfonate
1.0 x 10 s c
1.0 x 102
2.0 x 10-'
8270
208
52-05-7
Famphur
1.0x10'3C
1.0 X 102
2.0 x 102
8270
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-11
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No
CAS No
Chemical N a/ne
Reference Molecule
Envlrocorp's
HBL (mg/M
USEPA/CAD's
HBL (mg/L) V
Envlrocorp's
Detection
limit (mg/L)
ICP's
Detection
Limit
(mg/L)
SW-846
Analytical
test
Method
209
206-44-0
Fluoranthene
1.0 x 10*°
1.0 x 10"2
1.0 x 10"2
8270
210
06-73 7
Flu ore ne
1.0 x 10'°
1.0* 10"2
1.0 x 10'2
0270
211
Fluoride
4.0 X 10*°
4.0 x 10*°
212
7782-41-4
Fluorine
4.0 * 10*°
4.0 X 10'° a
213
640-!$ 7
F K*oroacetam*de
Acrylamide *
5.0 X 10 3
1.0* 10 2
8240
214
S2-74-8
Fluoroacetfc acid, 6od*um saJt
Benzoic Acid •
-
-
5,0 x 10'3
1.0 x 10*2
6250
215
50-00 C
Pormaidehyde
7.0 X 10'" b
5.0 x 10 3
NA
8240
218
64-1S-4
Formic acid
7.0 X 10-1 c
1,OK 10"'
1,0 x 10"2
B250
217
785-34-4
GlycidylaJdehyde
2-Ethoxy ethanol
1.0 x 10"2 b
5.0 x 10"3
NA
8240
216
Halomethane*, NO S. [1}
Chloroform
5,0 X 10"*
5,0 x 10 4
0010
219
44 %
H^ptachiof
8.0 x 10"6
4.0 x 10 4
720
1024-37-3
Hep*ach*of epoxfde
4.0 X 10-6
2.0 X 10'4
27 •
Heptechkx epoxide (alp*a beta and gamma
'1»Orr-e^:
Heptachlor
5.0 X 10~5
5.0 x 10 s
8080
272
H^ptechiofodajenzohjrans
Poty chlorinated Dlbenzofuran
1.0X 10"5
1.0x 10"5
0280
T73
~4ecJacfc''0?od-Oenzo-p-d>ox!rs
Poly chlorinated p-dioxins
6.0 x 10 9 a
1.0 x 10 5
1.0 x 10 s
8280
77 4
1 *8 U !
He*ac^*ofot«er\zene
2.0 X 10 s
1.0 x 10 3
9"* 68 3
Meiechiyofcutadiene
5 0 x 10 3
4.0 x 10 4
7? 4? 4
Hexach^yocyc^ope^tadiene
2.0 X 10"'
5.0 X 10"2
h'a'od-benjo p-d'oxi^s
6 0 X 10"
5 0 x 10'' b
n%
Henachiorodibenzofurans
Polychlorinated dlbenzofurans
5.0x10"' b
1.0* 10"s
1.0 X 10"5
8280
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-12
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Reference Molecule
Envirocorp's
USEPA/OAD's
H0L imfiU
Envlrocorp's
Detection
Limit (ffig/LJ
ICFs
Detection
Limit
WSA>
SW-84C
Analytical
Test
Method
229
67-72-1
Hexachloroethane
3,0 * 10"'
a.ox 10 1
-
230
70-30-4
•: H«KaChiOfO|>hefi©: : . • : ¦ j
1,0* 10"'
231
1888-71-7
Hexachloropropene
1.0 x 10"2
1.0 X 10"2
8270
232
757-58-4
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
Trlbutyl phosphate *
i;oxiO"!
1.0 X 10 '
8270
233
581-78-8
2-Hexanone
-
S.Ox 10"1
5.0 X 10"*
8240
234
302-01-2
Hydrazine
1.0X10"*
1.0 x 10"5 b
-
235
Hydrazine sulfate
1.0 X 10 '
1.0 x 10"s a
236
74-90-B
. Hydrogen cyanide
7.0 X 10*'
7,0x10"' a
•
237
7664-39-3
Hydrogen fluoride
Fluoride
4,0 X 10*"
4.0 x 10'° d
-
238
7783-06-4
Hydrogen sulfide
1.0 K 10"'
1.0X10"' b
.
239
193-39-5
lndeno[1,2,3-cdJ pyrene
4.0 x 10"
-
-
240
78-$3-1:
Isobutyl alcohol
1,0*10*'
, 1,0x10"
-:
-
241
465-73-8
Isodrin
1.0 X 10"!
1.0 X 10"2
8270
242
78-58-1
Isophorone
7.0 x 10*1
9.0 X 10"3
-
243
120-58-1
Isosafrole
-
1.0 x 10"*
1,0 x 10"2
8270
244
143-aO-O :
Kepone
2,0 X 10"6 c
1,0 x 10"*
245
303-34-4
Lasiocarpine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine *
6,0 X 10"6 b
1.0X 10 2
1.0 x 10~2
8270
246
7439-92*1
Lead
5.0 X 10"*'
1.5 X 10"z c
-
247
Lead compounds, N.0.S. [1]
5.0 X 10"1
1.5 X 10"J d
-
248
301-04-2
Lead acetate
Lead
-
1.0.x ID"2
1,0 X 10"a
7421
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-13
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation (if Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
Ho
CAS
Chem.fcaJ Name
Reference Molecule
Envlrocorp's
HBL (mg/U
USEPA/CAD'fi
HBL (msAJ U
Envlrocorp's
Detection
Umft (mg/L)
ICP#
Detection
Limit
(mgA.)
SW-846
Analytical
Test
Method
24-9
7446-27-7
lead p6o«ph«?e
Lead
1.0x 10'2
1.0 x 10'2
7421
2SC
*335-326
Lead tubaeetate
Lead
-
¦
1.0 x10"2
1.0X 10"*
7421
2V
see<*-9
LifKlAA®
4.0 * 10 3
2.0 X 10~4 c
252
toeai-e
Matoic anhydride
-
4.0 X 10*° b
1.0 x 10"2
1.0 X 10~2
8250
253
123-33-1
Ma?e»c hydrazide
2.0 x 10"
2.0 x 10" b
254
109 ??-3
MaJononitrik
•
7,0x10"*b
5.0 X10'3
B.Ox 10"3
6240
255
14S 02 3
Me* p* a'an
alpha, alpha
Dimethylphenethylamlne
1.0 x 10~!
1.0 x 10~2
8270
256
74»fl?-6
Mercury
2.0 x 10"'
2.0 X 10'3
257
Mercury compounds NOS (1]
2.0 x 10-3
2.0 x 10 3 d
25®
s?s-e*4
Mercury fulminate
Mercury
2.0 X 10"3
2.0 X 10 3
7470
259
12* se-7
Meth ac ry Jon *n' e
4.0 x 10"3
4.0 x 10 3
2SC
9'-80-5
MethapyrJene
1.0 X 10'2
1,0 X 10 3
8270
2*r *
'6752 ''7 5
Memory!
1.0 x 10'°
9.0 x 10 ' b
?S2
72-*3-5
Met^oxyctec*'
1.0 x 10"'
4.0 x 10 !
2*3
7 4 S3 a
Metfiyt brorrv-de
1.0 X 10~2
5.0 x 10 2
2*4
74 8r'-3
M«t*y! cK-'onde
5.0 x 10~3
3.0 x 10~3 c
7* 22 *
MefTiytehso'ocaftonale
Chloractaldehyde
5.0 x 10 3
5.0 x 10 3
8240
2*5
71 M 6
Metfiyi c^LOfC^OTr.
2 Ox 10"'
2.0 X 10 1
W"
«J= ^q- «,
3 Methyicho-'ar.'hfef"^
4 0 x 10 6
1.0 x 10 6
26-6
4 4 •Met^y!#'".#bis(2-cH,cfC>anilin0}
2 0 X 10'4
3.0 x 10~4 b
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-14
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No,
CAS No
Chemical Name
ftefersnee Meleoule ;
Envlrocorp's
HBL (mg/y
USEPA/CAO &
HBL(mg/y 1/
Envlrocorp's
Detection
Umtt (mg/l)
IGF's
Detection
Limit
(mg/l)
SW-846
Analytical
Test ;
Method
269
74-95-3
Methylene bromide
-
1.0X 10 2
1,0 x 10'2
8240
270
75-09-2
Methylene chloride
s.o:jcio^
50 X 10^
~
-
271
78-93-3
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
2,0 x 1Qt0
2.0 x 10*° c
£72
1358-23-4
Methyl ethyl ketone peroKkte: -
MEK
. •
1,Qx1Q~*
i.ox 10"2
8240
273
80-34-4
Methyl hydrazine
1,2-Dlphenylhydrazlne
-
3.0 x 10~5 b
1.0 x 1Q"a
1.0 X 10"®
8270
274:
74-88-4
Methyl Iodide
5,6 x 10"3
6,0 X 10*
8240
275
108-10-1
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
2,0 k 10*°
2.0 x 10*ec
-
276
B24-83-9
Methyl Isocyanate
Toluene dilaocyanaie
* '
I.Ox 10~*
1.0 *10"2
8250
277
75-86-5
2-Methylacrylonitrile
Proplonltrile
5.0 x 10"3
5.0 x 10"3
8240
278
00-02-8
Methyl methacryiate
. 3,0x 10'°
2;Q:x 10i3
3,0 X 10'°
8015
278
66-27-3
Methyl methanesulfonate
1.0 x 10"2
1.0 X 10"2
8270
280
296-00-0
Methyl parathlon
1.0*10^
9.0 x 10"'
-
281
58-04-2
Methylthlouracll
Propylthiouracil
-
1.0 x 10 3
1.0 x 10"2
8270
262
50-07-7
Mitomycin C
1,4-NaptliqulrK3na :
i.o x tir4
l.Qx 10T2
8270
283
70-25-7
MNNG
N-Nltrosodlmethyl amine
-
1.0 x 10"2
1.0 x 10"2
8270
264
: goe-ees-a
Mustard gas
ethylene thiourea
*
1.0 X \Q~Z
tOXlO'2
8270
285
91-20-3
Naphthalene
1,0 X 10'°
1.0 x 10"*
1.0 x 10*°
8270
28?
... 130-15-4
1,4-Naphthoqulnone
i.oxio'2
1.0 x 10~2
8270
287
134-32-7
alpha-Naphthylamine (Alpha = 1)
1.0 x 10~2
1.0 X 10 2
8270
288:
91-59-8
beta-Naphthylamine (Beta=2)
4.0 x 10"5 c
1.0 x 10"2
1.0 x-10"a
8270
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-15
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No
CAS No
Chemical Name
Reference Molecule
Envlrocofp's
HBL (mg/U
USEPA/CAD's
HBL fmg/l) U
Envirocorp's
Detection
limit (fng/y
ICF's
detection
Umft
mm
SW-84fc
Anafytical
Test
Method
zm
96 66-4
alpha-Naphthyfthiourea
Ethylene thiourea
1.0 x 10~z
1,0x 1C"2
8250
290
744Q-02 »0
Nickel
7,0 x 10'1
1.0 k 10"1
.
-
291
Ntcket compound!, N 0 S (1)
7.0 X 10"1
1,0 x 10 1 d
292
'34*3 J* 3
N»ckel carbofryl
Ntekef
-
-
5,0 x 10 3
5.0 x W3
8010
55T "j 7
Ntt«
-
2,0 x 10'*
1.0x 10"*
6270
N«cotn« taft*
Nicotine
1.0 x 10 2
1,0 x W *
8270
1D10Z-43-9
N tnc oxide
4.0 x 10'°
4.0 x 10*° b
297
58 74-4
o-Nftroanlline
5.0 x 10"*
5.0 x 10*1
8270
2m
99-09-2
mNtooinlHne
6.0* id-1
5,0* 10*1
§270
7m
'•OG-C-6
p-Nfiraafnime
5.0 X 10*a
5.0 x 10 2
8270
300
96-95-3
2.0 x 10'?
2.0 x 10-2
.
-
3C 1
,:,102-44C
^trogen d'OfsJe
4.0 x 10M
4.0 x 10*! b
30?
^!-75 2
r+t*og«m rrmta'd
Diphenytamine *
-
1.0 x 10**
5.0 x 10 a
8270
»:i
Nl'oge^ musta'd hydrochionde saR
Diphenylemlne *
1,0 x 10 z
5.0 x 10 2
8270
¦res!-2
U^oqc* mustard N-oxlde
Diphenylamlne *
-
1,0 x 10 z
6.0 X 10 2
0270
>-
N-trogen pny»!«'d N oxide? hydrochloride sait
Diphenylamine *
10 x 10 ?
5.0 x 10 *
8270
30C
55-S3--3
Nfrog^tenn
2~Nrtfopropane
-
5.0x10 3
5.0 X 10*
8240
RS ¦;
o- N'/opher-o'
5.0 x 1D *
5.0 x 10 3
8040
3C4
'30 02 ?
p
1.0x10 2
6,0 X 10"'
8040
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-16
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ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Enviroeorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No.
Chemical Name
Reference Molecui# ..
Envirocorp's
HBL {rtlfl/U
U$EPA/CAD*s
HBL imm %J
Envlrocorp's
Dutoctlori
limit (mg/L)
ICP'a:
Oeteellon
Limit
Smart)
SW-848
Analytical
Test
Method
309
79-46-9
2-Nitropropane
4.0 x 10"*
4.0 x tO'ec
-
-
-
310
. 39578-81-10
Nltroeamlnes^ N.O.S, (1j
N-Nltrosodlmethyjamjnft
- ¦
i.o x
i.o x id'!
311
924-18-3
N-NltrosodJ-n-butylamlne (Dlbutylnitrosamine)
Dlbutylnltrosamine
8.0 X 10"6
6.0 x 10"6
31Z
1118-54*7
N-Nftrosodlethanalamine
1.0 K 10~5
: 1.0 x 10 s b
313
55-10-5
N-Nltrosodiathylamlne (diethyl nitrosamine)
Diethylnitfosamlne
2,0 % 10"}
2.0 x 10"7
314
; Q2-75-9
N-Nrtro*odlm«thylamina
7.0*10'1
7.0x10*'
315
759-73-9
N-Nftroso-N-ethylurea
N-Nlfrosodlethylamine
•
2.0 x 10"6 b
i.o x «r*
1.0 X 10 2
8270
3.16
10595-95-0
N-Nltrosomethylethyfamine
2.0 x 10;s
2.0 x 10"6
' .
-
.
317
684-93-5
N-Nltroso-N-methylurea
1.0 x 10'7
1.0X 10"7 b
-
.
318
615*3-2
N-Nftroso-N-methylurethane
N-Nltrosodimethylamlne
: 1..0X10'*
1,0 X 10-2
8270
319
4549-40-0
N-Nitrosomethylvlnylamlne
N -N Itroaod Imethy lam 1 n e
1.0 X 10"4
1.0 x 10"1
8270
320
59-63-2
N-Nlbtjscjffiorp^ojtfi© :
i.Dx icr"
1.0 x 10*2
8270
321
16543-55-8
N-Nltrosonornicotlne
Nicotine *
-
1.0 x in 4
1.0 x 10~2
8270
322
10D»75^
N-Nltrosoplperldine
8.0 x 10 ® c
1.0 x 10 4
8.0 X 10-'
8270
323
930-55-2
N-Nttroso pyrrolidine
2.0* 10~5
2.0 x 10"5
-
.
'324
: 1326&22-9
; N-Nltrososarcosfne
N-Nltrosodlmethylamlne . •".
-
-
1.0X10"4
1.0 x 10-2
8270
325
99-55-8
5-Nitro-o-toluldirie
1.0 X 10"!
1.0 k 10 2
3270
326
152-16-9
Octamethylpyrophosphoramlde
7,0 X 10"z
7.0 X 10"7 C
-
327
20616-12-0
Osmium tetroxide
Osmium
.
3.0 X 10 1
3.0 x 10"'
7550
328
123-83-7 i
Paraldehyde
5.0 X 10"a
5,0 X 10 3
B240
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Page A-17
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ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
{•valuation of Enviroeorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
Ns
CAS No
Oemfcal f4&me
Reference Molecule
Envlrocorp's
hbl mm
USEPA/CAD's
HBi (IH0AJ \f
Envhocofp's
Detection
Limit irng/y
ICP's
Detection
Limit
for.ftrobenz*n« i[PCNB)
PCNB
1.0 x itr"
1.0x10-'
.
.
335
sr.ae-5
P»"tach!ofopHenoi
2.0* 10~!
1.0* to-*
.
336
62-44-2
1.0 x 10-*
1.0 x 10'-*
B270
13 '
•:« »v?
Phe-foS
1.0* 10*°
20 x 10"
1.0 x 10*"
338
S$ 3! 8
PNkv*T! thf«n»
.
1.0 x 10-2
1.0x10''
8270
339
•'I*. 50-3
f^ny^fsediamme acetate
3.0 * 10 3
3.0 x 10 J a
S4o
e?»4
Pt^wy^tcyy acetate
Mercury
3.0 X 10'*
.
8.0 X 10-'
7470
3*'
n#riy!»h-04,/rea
Ethylene throuree
1.0 x 10''
1.0 x W*
3250
342
7$ 44 5
Phosgene
Methylene chloride
1.0 X to-*
S.Ox 10-'
8010
341
7KM *«•?
P^r*"-*
1.0* 10"'
1.0* 10'* b
3*4
r-3 02' 2
P*o"a*«
7.0 X 10"3
2.0* 10-'
2.0 X 10'3
8140
H*
P>*-a'--c a: 3 NO? H ]
Phthalfc anhydride
1 Ox 10-!
1.0 x 10''
8250
345
«*» 44-9
Pr*.«j>c ar.Hyjrv^e
7.0 x 10" b
1.0 X 10"2
1.0* 10"'
8250
M"
' a
2 p
5.0 x 10'3
5.0 X 10'3
8240
346
Pc^>cMo?f at«J b
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS Mo.
Ghenrcal Name
Reference Motecgle
Envlrocorp's
HBUtmg/y'
USEPA/CAO's
HBL {mg/14 1/
Envlrocorp's
Detection
Umft: (mg/Lj
ICFs
Detect.cn
Urn it
(mg/L)
SW-846
Analytical
Test
Method
349
151-50-8
Potassium cyanide
2.0 x 10*°
8,0x10*%
-
.
w
506-81-G
. Potassium silver cyanide
7.2*10'°
7.0 x10'° a
351
23850-58-5
Pronamide
Kerb
3.0x10'°
3.0 x 10'°
-
-
" 352
1120-71-4
1,3'Propanesultone
Bhyldnfe thiourea
-
aoxio-'b
1,0X10 !
1,0 X10"2
B25Q
353
107-10-8
n-Pfopylamine
5.0 x 10 1
5.0 x 10"3
8240
364
107-18-7
Propargyi alcohol
-
-
50x 10~3
8.0X1 D'1
8240
355
78-87-5
Propylene dichlorlde
1,2-Dichloropropane
5.0 x 10*3
3.0 x 10*"
5.0 x10*4
8010
356
75-55-8
1,2-Propylenimfne
n-Propyj amine
¦
5.0 x 10"'
S.OX10'3
B240
35?
51-52-2
Propylthiouracil
•
1.0 X 10 "
1.0 x10"2
8270
35B
129*00-0
Py*em»
-
1.0* 10*®
1.0 x 10'a
1.0*10^
8370
358
110-88-1
pyridine
4.0 x 10"2
4.0 X 10"2
300
50-55-5
Reserplne
3.0 x 10*6
3.0.x tcr*b
.
381
108-48-3
Resorcinol
-
1.0 x 10*1
1,0 X10*3
8270
382 ¦
: 81-07-2
Saccharin
Ettvylene thiourea *
1.0 x 10 J
1,0 x10*2
8250
383
Saccharin salts
Ethylene thiourea *
1.0 x 10*2
1.0 X10*2
8250
364
Sttfrate
-
l.frxlO** C
1.0x 10 2
i.o x ir2
8270
385
7782-49-2
Selenium
1.0 x 10~2
5.0 X 10 2
-
368 :
Selenium compounds, N.O.S. |1]
1.0 X 10-2
5,0x10~2d
387
7783-00-8
Selenium dioxide
Selenium
1-0x10 1 b
2.0 X 10~J
2.0 X10"2
??41
368
7488-56 4
Selenium sulfide
Selenium
ao:x io~l
2.0 x102
7741
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-19
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ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
CAS No
Cht^rticei Name
Reference Molecule
Envirocorp's
HBL (mfl/U
OSEPA/CAD's
HBL (mg/L) y
Envirocorp's
Detection
Limit (ms/D
ICPs
Detection
Limit
{wb/L)
SW-846
Analytical
Test
Method
630-10 4
2,Ox 10"'
2.0 * 10-' b
2.0 x 10-'
-
3*~j
744S-K4
S#y«<
5,0 x 10*z
2.0* 10"'
.
.
3?*
5*d*
1.0* 10"°
1.0 x 10*" a
.
3^
'M$3 6"5 4
StrtpfOTOfocn
NNttrosodijneftyiamlne
2,0* 10 ' b
t.Ox 10 4
1.0 x 10*
8270
**•24-#
Sfeycfmir*
1.0* Id"1
1.0 k 10'2 c
Strychn>n# taits
1.0 * 10-*
1.0*10 Ja
-
37fl
J0O42-5
Stytene
i.ox tcr5
1,0 x 10-'
3-9
1746-0?-6
TCDD
3.0 X 10"
5.0 x 10 *
5.0 X 10-®
8260
B5-£4-3
! 2 4>Ti?tfacW0raben2i?rt«
1.0 * 10'1
1.0 X 102
-
w
¦b' 20 T 3 * 5
"*t'ac*,:xotf-b«,,z:Ai'R'--s
Polychlorinated dibenzofuran
1-0 K 10-s
1.0X 10"S
8280
3«£
Tet"*cf»o'o#»Ka^« NOS p]
5.0 X 10"
5.0 x 10-*
8010
<"¦} 6
i 1 t ? T«tfaK:c>e^are
1 0 x 10 3
5.0 X 10 3
5.0 X 10 J
8240
se*
T^-34 5
* ' 2,2-Tetr#cMofo«mane
2.0* 10-'
2.0* 10-*
';' *».* *
T ac*v ry >f.e
5.0 * 10 *
5.0 X 10 '
W
59-90-?
? 3 46-Tett«CH3fopfc«rc!
1.0* 10'°
1.0x10*°
38"
365"? <* *
V^ae^y1- d^ocyor^csp^ate
2.0 x 10 1
1.0 x 1(TZ
1,0 X 10 2
B270
>65
?S X=2
' e^aetb.y! **•*!
4.0 * 10 8
4.0 * 10-* b
^ ICF Incorporated
Page A-20
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ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No.
Chemical Name.
Reference Molecule
Erwirocorp's
HBl (mg/l)
USEPA/CADs
HBl (mg/U 1/
£nvfrocorp's
Detection
UmH (mg/U
, ICF's
Detection
Limit
(mg/14
SW-84S
AratiytteaJ
Test
Method
389
107-49-3
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Trlbutyl phosphate *
-
4.0 x 10~a
1.0 X 10'*
8270
390
509-14-B
letranltromethane
2-Nltropropane
.. ¦
S.O x 10°
5.0 x 10'3
S3 40
381
7440-28-0
Thallium
2.0 X 10~3
1.0 X 10~2
1.0x 10"3
7841
392
compourtds,: N.O.S. [1}
+•
2.0 x 10 3
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No
CAS No
Chemical Name
Reference Molecule
Envlfocotp's
HBL {mm
USEPA/CAB's
HBL Smg/li W
Gnvlrocofp's
Detection
Umlt s/ngnj
CPs
Detection
Umlt
(fflfl/U
SW-046
Analytical
Test
Methed
409
»-«0 7
To!uene-2.4-df' j o ?r-e th a ?• e
1 Ox 10'1
I.O* 10''
422
rt-oc-S
i t.2 Trchkjfopfopafte 4.-'
i ,2,3-Tfichloropfopane
2,0 * 10-'
.
-
5.0 X 10'3
8240
9*- fS 4
2 4 5-Tnch'-o»opt?enc^
4.0 X 10-0
4-0 x 10*°
424
88 06 2
2 4 S Tnchkxophef^
2.0* 10"'
3-0 X 10-'
-
475
? 4 5 T
i.o x to2
4.0 x 10 '
¦
*2§
735-29-9
T'oq*:>pane N.O S ft}
\ ,2.3-T rlchioropropane
-
5.0 X 10-'
5.0 x 10-'
8240
4iT *
S«6 'A 4
t ? 3 T>;C:^|0'op*opa."^
4.0 X 10 •*
2.0 x 10 '
4iS
•iees *
DOC Tn
-------
ATTACHMENT 1 (Continued)
Evaluation of Envirocorp Inc.'s HBLs and Detection Limits (Based on Reference Molecule Approach)
No.
CAS No
Chemical Name
Reference Molecule
Envirocorpl8
HBL {fflg/U
: ySEPA/CAB"»
HBt J/
ErisifQCOfp's
: Boeotian
Umlt (waft) :
ICF's
Detection :
Uffllt
SW-846
Analytical
Test
Method
429
99-35-4
1,3,5-T ({nitrobenzene
2.0 X 10~3 C
1,0 X 10"1
1,0 x 10"2
8270
430
B3-24<4
Tfl8(1-azlrldlffyj) phoephlne sulfide
Parathion ¦ . :
1.0* 10"* ¦
1.0 x 10's
8270
431
125-72-7
Trls(2,3-dibfomopropyl) phosphate
3.0 X 10"5 c
2.0 X 1 D~1
1.0 x 10'2
8270
432
Trypan blue .
Aminoazobenzene
1.0* 10"'
1,0.x 10"2
B270
433
68-75-1
Uracil mustard
Propylthiouracil
1.0*10"'
1.0 x 10~2
8270
43*
1514-62-1
Vanadium pentoxide
?,oxir£
7,0x10-'a
.
- •
-
435
108-05-4
Vinyl acetate
.
4,0 X 10"
5,0 X 10"®
5,0 x10 3
8240
43B
75-01-4
Vinyl chloride
2.0 x It}'3
2.0 X 10'*
.
-
-
437
81-81-2
Warfarin
1,0 x 1Q"2
1.0 x 10"2 h
-
438 :
Watfarih talis, when present at
concentrations jess than 0,3%
. 1.0 x 10 *
1,0*10 zb
439
Warfarin salts, when present at
concentrations greater than 0.3%
1,0 X 10"a
I.OxW'b
440
1330-20-7
Xylene
1,0x10''
. i.gi ir*
-
441
557-21-1
Zinc cyanide
2,0 x 10*°
2.0 X 10*°
-
442
1314-04-7
Zlhq phosphide
1,0x10^
1.0x1Q~z#
-
-
NA: Not available at this time.
*; ICF's recommended Reference Molecule.
11 HBLs from 'Computer Print-Out of 40 CFR §264, Appendix iX Constituents,' June 12, 1992, Prepared by EPA's Office of Characterization and Assessment.
21 This compound is also listed as dlchloromethoxyethane.
3/ This compound is also listed as dlchloralsopropyl ether
4/ ICF was unable to locate the correct CAS number for this compound.
a ¦ HBLs from 'Concentration Limits applicable to 'No Migration' Petitions for Injected Hazardous Wastes,' US EPA Office of Drinking Water, October 1990.
b - HBLs from 'Docket Report of Health Based Levels and Solubilities for Additional Compounds Used In the Evaluation of Delisting Petitions, Submitted Under 40 CFR §260.20 and §280,22,* July 1992, Prepared for the Delisting Section,
c - HBLs from 'Docket Report of Health Based Levels and Solubilities Used In the Evaluation of Delisting Petitions, Submitted Under 40 CFR §280.20 and §260 22,' Ju»y 1992. Prepared for the Delisting Section,
d • HBL for metai-NOS assumed to be the same as the metal.
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Page A-23
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