-------
I. PROGRAM OVERVIEW
The 2017-2021 North American Round-Robin Correlation Test Project for off-highway recreational
vehicles (OHRV) is a collaborative program developed, organized, and managed by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), California Air Resources Board (CARB), and
Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). This program is the first round-robin correlation
study involving the measurement of OHRV exhaust emission rates among the agencies. The main
objective of this program was to evaluate the correlation and variability of exhaust emissions
measurements among North American OHRV's testing laboratories. It is important to note that this
program was not designed as a laboratory audit or a durability test of the test vehicles. Instead, the
results of this program are intended to be used as a high-level tool for participating laboratories to
gauge their performance and identify opportunities for improvement.
The test procedures described in this program are based on Title 40 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) Part 86, Subpart F (Emission Regulations for 1978 And Later New Motorcycles).
The associated regulations in California are the California Exhaust Emissions Standards and Test
Procedures for 1997 and Later Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines. Furthermore, in
Canada there are the Marine Spark-Ignition Engine, Vessel and Off-Road Recreational Vehicle
Emission Regulations, which are harmonized with the U.S. EPA's regulations. It should also be
noted that the term 'OHRV is used as a generic term for the vehicles described in this report; The
detailed guidance on which procedures to use for the various defined classes of recreational vehicles
can be found in the aforementioned regulations.
II, VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Three (3) OFIRVs were tested on chassis dynamometers at multiple North American emission testing
laboratories. The OHRVs included a 2017 Arctic Cat Alterra, a 2018 Polaris Outlaw, and a 2017
Polaris Ranger XP 1000 EPS with an engine displacement of 112 cc, 550 cc, and 999 cc, respectively.
Figure 1 (below) displays each of the three test vehicles and Table 1 provides the respective
regulatory classifications by the three agencies.
A 2017 Arctic Cat Alterra
A 2018 Polaris Outlaw
A 2017 Polaris Ranger
Figure 1. Test Vehicles
2
-------
Table 1. Test vehicle classification regulatory references
Agency
2017 Arctic Cat Alterra
2018 Polaris Outlaw
2017 Polaris Ranger
EPA
v 1 \ b iO* fR 10; ( SO I.
paragraph 2
7R 1051.801
paragraph.!
7R 1051.801
paragraph 2
CARB
ATVa 13 CCR2411
ATVa 13 CCR2411
Off-Road Sport Vehicle
ECCC
v ub so* k; so-1 ^oi
paragraph 2
7R 1051.801
paragraph.!
7R 1051.801
paragraph 2
The overall size of the 2017 Arctic Cat Alterra 550 is 91.1 in. (length) x 47.8 in. (width) x 57.4 in.
(height). The vehicle has a four-stroke single-cylinder engine with an engine displacement of 550
cc, gross weight of 652 kg, and an equivalent inertial mass (EIM) of 460 kg. The maximum speed of
this vehicle is 93.30 km/h. The capacity of the fuel tank is 20.10 liters (5.3 gallons). The vehicle was
tested with a tire pressure of 10 pounds per square inch (psi) for both front and rear tires.
The 2018 Polaris Outlaw 110's dimensions are 61.25 in. (length) x 36.75 in. (width) x 38.50 in.
(height). This vehicle is a four-stroke single-cylinder engine with an engine displacement of 112 cc
and an EIM of 230 kg. The capacity of the fuel tank is 5.9 liters (1.6 gallons). The vehicle was tested
with a tire pressure of 3 psi for both front and rear tires.
Finally, the overall size of the 2017 Polaris Ranger XP 1000 is 116.5 in. (length) x 60.0 in. (width)
x 76.0 in. (height). The rear track width of the 2017 Polaris Ranger XP 1000 is 41 in. The 2017
Polaris Ranger XP 1000 has a four-stroke twin-cylinder engine with an engine displacement of 999
cc and an EIM of 810 kg. The capacity of the fuel tank is 37.9 liters (10 gallons). The tire pressure
is 10 psi for the front tires and 12 psi for the rear tires.
Detailed information about the test specimens and their associated test parameters are provided in
Table 2.
3
-------
Table 2. Vehicle Information and Test Parameters
Vehicle (Year/Make/Model):
2017 Arctic Cat A1 terra
550
2018 Polaris Outlaw
110
2017 Polaris Ranger XP
1000 EPS
Test Vehicle VIN or other ID:
4VF17ATV1HT201163
RF3 Y AK112JT0217
25
4XARTA996H8558638
Engine Displacement (cc):
550
112
999
Engine Family:
H3AXX.5452H1
JPOLX.112PFC
HPOLX.999PF1
Motorcycle Class:
I
I
I
Transmission:
NA*
NA
NA
Idle Speed (rpm)
NA
NA
1,250
Motorcycle Top Speed
(km/h):
93.3
NA
NA
Tire Make & Model:
Carlisle Trail Pro
Duro
Maxxis Ceros
Front Tire Size:
25X8.0- 12 NHS 78D
NA
NA
Rear Tire Size:
25X10 - 12 NHS 78D
NA
NA
Front and Rear Tire Pressure
(psi):
10
3
10 and 12
GVWR (kg):
652
NA
NA
Dry Mass (kg):
328.9
126.0
689.6
Curb Mass (kg):
378
NA
NA
Loaded Vehicle Mass (kg):
458
NA
NA
Equivalent Inertia Mass (kg):
460
230
810
Force Coefficients
A (N):
C (N/(km/h)2)
31.41
0.0319
11.31
0.0260
62
0.0340
Force (Road Load) at 65 km/h
(N):
166.0
121.2
206.7
70 to 60 km/h Coast down
Target
Time (s):
7.73
5.30
10.99
Allowable Tolerances
Longest Time (s):
Shortest Time (s):
8.0
7.5
5.5
5.1
11.3
10.7
Fuel Tank Capacity (L):
20.1
5.9
37.9
50% Fuel Tank Capacity (L):
10.5
2.95
18.95
*NA: Not Available
4
-------
III. PAR IES
The following laboratories have participated in the 2017-2020 North American Round Robin
Correlation Test Project. They are listed in a randomized order.
1. U.S. EPA, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL), Ann Arbor,
Michigan, U.S.A.
2. California Air Resources Board, Haagen-Smit Laboratory (HSL), El Monte, California,
U.S.A.
3. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
4. Bombardier Recreational Products, Valcourt, Quebec, Canada
5. S&S Cycle, Inc., La Crosse, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
6. Transportation Research Center, Inc., East Liberty, Ohio, U.S.A.
7. Tovatt Engineering, Huntington Beach, California, U.S.A.
8. Roush, Livonia, Michigan, U.S.A.
9. California Environmental Engineering, Santa Ana, California, U.S.A.
10. Polaris Wyoming MN Product Development Center, Wyoming, Minnesota, U.S.A.
1 1. Minnesota Center for Automotive Research, Mankato, Minnesota, U.S.A.
12. Excel Engineering Emissions Testing, Diagonal, Iowa, U.S.A.
13. ESW America, Montgomery ville, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
14. Automotive Testing and Development Service Inc., Ontario, California, U.S.A.
15. Tovatt Engineering Emissions Testing, Parker, Arizona, USA
IV. TEST FUEL
The test vehicles were filled with Tier 2 Certification Fuel (Indolene Clear), meeting the
specifications described in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) §86.513.
V. DRIVE CYCLE
The test vehicles were tested on the Class I dynamometer schedule. Appendix 1(b) of the 40 CFR
Part 86, regardless of the engine displacement.
VI. TEST PROCEDURE
The test procedure was defined based on 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart F (Emission Regulations For 1978
And Later New Motorcycles; Test Procedures) and California Exhaust Emissions Standards and Test
Procedures for 1997 and Later Off-Highway Recreational Vehicles and Engines, Amended October
25, 2012. Since the primary objective was to determine correlation and variability among
laboratories, the defined test procedure was slightly modified compared to the CFR standard
certification test procedures to provide participants a valuable tool for gauging their measurements
compared to others in the program.
5
-------
For all OHRVs, the following test procedures were used:
Pre-Test Check: Per 40 CFR §86.509-90 (b)(1), the static pressure variations at the tailpipe of the
test vehicle remain within ±0.25 kPa (±1.00 in. H2O).
Number of Tests: Three complete, valid exhaust test series are required per vehicle.
1. Drain fuel and re-fill tank to 50% capacity with Tier 2 Certification Fuel (Indolene Clear)
meeting the specifications in 40 CFR §86.513.
2. Assure that the pressure of the drive tires is set to the pressure specified in the Vehicle
Information and Test Parameters form (provided by EPA per vehicle).
3. Operate the OHRV through one (1) Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) drive
cycle (1,372 seconds) with a top speed of 58.7 km/h (36.5 mph) for OHRVs as specified in
40 CFR §86.515-78(a) [Appendix 1(b) of 40 CFR Part 86 for Class I];
a. Use the Equivalent Inertia Mass (EIM) and force coefficients specified on the Vehicle
Information and Test Parameters form.
b. All-terrain vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, and sand cars
shall be tested on the Class I dynamometer schedule, Appendix 1(b), regardless of the
engine displacement.
4. Push or drive the test OHRV into cold soak and soak (12 hours to 24 hours) at 68°F to 86°F
(20°C to 30°C). Remove the test vehicle key from the ignition.
5. Push the vehicle onto dynamometer and perform cold start FTP exhaust emission test (Phase
1 and Phase 2) by operating the OHRV through one (1) UDDS drive cycle with a top speed
of 58.7 km/h (36.5 mph) for OHRVs as specified in 40 CFR §86.515-78(a) [Appendix 1(b)
of 40 CFR Part 86 for Class I];
a. Use the EIM and force coefficients specified on the Vehicle Information and Test
Parameters form.
b. All-terrain vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, and sand cars
shall be tested on the Class I dynamometer schedule, Appendix 1(b), regardless of the
engine displacement.
6. Perform a hot start FTP exhaust emission test (Phase 3) by operating the OHRV through the
first 505 seconds of a UDDS drive cycle within 10 minutes ± 60 seconds of completing Phase
2 from step 5.
7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 until three valid exhaust tests are completed. If soak time in step 4
exceeds the upper limit (24 hours), repeat steps 1 through 6.
The exhaust emission test sequence is provided in Figure 2 and Figure 3 (OHRV Test Sequence
Diagram).
6
-------
Tier 2 Certification Fuel
1 HOUR
1 UDDS
5 MINUTES
SOAK 12-24 for All OHRVs
RANGE
(HOURS)
10 MINUTES ± 1 minute
Note: 3 valid tests were completed per vehicle.
Figure 2. OHRVExhaust Emission Test Sequence Diagram (If Soak Time exceeds the Upper Limit
of 24 hours)
1
-------
SOAK 12-24 for All OHRVs
RANGE
). (HOURS)
(Fuel Temp 15.5 °C to 35.5 °C)
(Vapor Temp 21.0 °C to 41.0 °C)
10 MINUTES ± 1 minute
Note: 3 valid tests were completed per vehicle.
Figure 3. OHRVExhaust Emission Test Sequence Diagram (If Soak Time is less than the Upper
Limit of 24 hoars)
VII. DRIVER
Each laboratory used one of their drivers to conduct the tests.
VIII. MEASURED POLLUTANTS
All participants measured exhaust emission rates of carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon
(THC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Some participants also measured
methane (CH4), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and non-methane organic gas (NMOG).
8
-------
IX. TRIANGLE PLOTS
The results are presented using triangle diagrams which illustrate three data points of emission
rates for each OHRV and each laboratory, mean emission rates of U.S. EPA, ECCC, and CARB
acceptance limits which are ±2 standard deviations (SD). Gaseous exhaust emission test results
are illustrated in a random order and the identity of each laboratory remains undisclosed except
for the three government agencies.
The triangle plots graphically illustrate the data collected at each lab and the mean value. Each
data point is represented by a marker along the vertical side of the triangle. The remaining two
sides converge at the right-hand test triangle vertex that denotes the mean of this set of data.
X. >
Correlation between industry laboratories was assessed compared to U.S. EPA, C ARB, and ECCC.
The student t-distribution analysis determines a statistically significant difference between means.
If the difference between means is determined to be statistically significant, at a confidence interval
of 95%, the percentage difference is reported; otherwise, the means are considered to be
statistically the same. The calculated deviation to the "average of U.S. EPA, CARB, and ECCC"
is reported as a percentage difference.
XI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2017 Arctic Cat Alterra 550
The 2017 Arctic Cat Alterra 550 was measured at 13 different laboratories across North America.
Figures 4.1(a) through 4.1(f) show CO, THC, NOx, CO2, CBU, and NMHC emission rates using
triangle plots.
For the CO emission rates, only one private laboratory was within ± 2 standard deviations of the
three agencies" emission rates. Although there are high inter-laboratory variabilities of CO
emission rates, the two standard deviations band was narrow ranging from 4.1 g/ktn to 4.6 g/km.
However, CO emission rates of all laboratories were well below the CO emission standard of 15
g/km. It is important to note that as the testing procedures in this study were slightly different from
the certification procedures, no valid comparison can be made compared to the emission standard.
The average of the three agencies" CO emission rates was 4.38 g/km, compared to the overall
average of 4.21 g/km from all participants.
For the THC emission rates, except for only two private laboratories, all other laboratories were
within ± 2 standard deviations of the three agencies" emission rates. THC emission rates of all
laboratories were below the THC emission standard of 1.2 g/km. The average of the three agencies"
THC emission rates was 0.36 g/km, compared to the overall average of 0.38 g/km from all
participants.
Similarly, for NOx emission rates, except for only two private laboratories, all other laboratories were
within ± 2 standard deviations of the three agencies" emission rates. The average of the three
9
-------
agencies' NOx emission rates was 0.17 g/km. The average NOx emission rates of the 2017 Arctic Cat
Alterra based on all laboratories were equivalent.
t:
r->
t
" r-
!"> i*- T-
¦K
y
¦¦ £> r>
t>
> >
>
D>
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
4.52
4.35
4.30
4.79
3.27
3.76
4.32
4.06
4.69
3.66
—
3.55
4.90
4.69
...
STD DEV
0.137
0.149
0.152
0.085
0.139
0.111
0.066
0.147
0.207
0.111
—
0.109
0.104
0.207
...
Coeff. of Variation
3.02
3.43
3.53
1.77
4.27
2.96
1.53
3.63
4.42
3.04
—
3.06
2.12
4.42
...
% Diffto EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
3.0
-0.9
-2.1
9.2
-25.6
-14.3
-1.6
-7.6
7.0
-16.6
...
-19.0
11.7
7.0
...
% Diffto EPA
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
6.0
-27.7
-16.8
No Diff
-10.3
No Diff
-19.0
...
-21.3
8.5
No Diff
...
% Diff to ECCC
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
11.5
-24.0
-12.5
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-14.9
...
-17.3
14.1
No Diff
...
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
10.2
-24.9
-13.5
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-15.8
...
-18.2
12.7
No Diff
...
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
...
3
3
3
...
(a) CO Emission Rates
o
X
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
r>
r>
£>* r--. I>
t>
V
^ £> t-
:£>
0.520
0.359
0.198
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.428
0.379
0.271
0.414
0.251
0.332
0.413
0.317
0.559
0.296
...
0.293
0.415
0.559
...
STD DEV
0.017
0.019
0.030
0.025
0.019
0.033
0.012
0.015
0.077
0.009
...
0.006
0.045
0.077
...
Coeff. of Variation
4.08
5.13
10.91
6.04
7.48
10.00
2.80
4.71
13.68
2.89
...
2.05
10.78
13.68
...
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
19.2
5.5
-24.7
15.3
-30.1
-7.6
15.1
-11.7
55.7
-17.5
...
-18.4
15.5
55.7
...
% Diffto EPA
No Diff
-11.5
-36.8
No Diff
-41.3
-22.5
No Diff
-26.0
30.6
-30.8
...
-31.6
No Diff
30.6
...
% Diff to ECCC
58.2
40.0
No Diff
53.0
No Diff
No Diff
52.8
No Diff
106.7
No Diff
...
No Diff
53.3
106.7
...
% Diff to CARB
13.0
No Diff
-28.6
No Diff
-33.7
No Diff
No Diff
-16.3
47.7
-21.7
...
-22.7
No Diff
47.7
...
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
...
3
3
3
...
(b) THC Emission Rates
10
-------
0.260
0.240
0.220 -| 0.218
0.200
°-180 : > P 0.174
0.160
0.140
0.120
0.100
N
jp-»
£> £
K
>
T
>
fc
t=-
0.120 -j °-129
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.166
0.156
0.199
0.156
0.218
0.200
0.197
0.178
0.137
0.222
0.150
0.181
0.137
STD DEV
0.017
0.012
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.017
0.005
0.017
0.004
Coeff. of Variation
10.19
7.44
2.13
3.50
2.42
3.58
3.37
3.51
2.76
7.46
3.00
9.38
2.76
% Diffto EPA-ECCC-
-4.5
-10.0
14.5
-10.0
25.1
15.2
13.5
2.4
-21.0
27.6
-13.6
4.3
-21.0
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
No Diff
19.9
No Diff
31.0
20.6
18.8
No Diff
-17.3
33.5
No Diff
No Diff
-17.3
% Diffto ECCC
-16.6
-21.4
No Diff
-21.4
9.3
No Diff
No Diff
-10.6
-31.0
No Diff
-24.5
No Diff
-31.0
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
27.2
No Diff
39.1
28.0
26.1
13.8
No Diff
41.7
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(c) NOx Emission Rates
160
156
150
140
£=- !fc>
»-
f-«-
1=
>
P5*
5=
—>
U>
-
142
8 130 1 ^ 128
120- ^
110 J
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
149.20
142.06
134.98
149.10
117.76
129.93
146.96
136.37
136.93
141.66
___
134.06
146.46
136.93
...
STD DEV
1.31
1.65
1.61
1.20
2.40
2.84
0.40
1.24
1.23
2.40
___
0.37
0.90
1.23
...
Coeff. of Variation
0.88
1.16
1.19
0.80
2.04
2.18
0.27
0.91
0.89
1.69
...
0.28
0.61
0.89
...
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
5.0
0.0
-5.0
4.9
-17.1
-8.6
3.4
-4.0
-3.6
-0.3
...
-5.6
3.1
-3.6
...
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
-4.8
-9.5
No Diff
-21.1
-12.9
-1.5
-8.6
-8.2
-5.1
...
-10.1
-1.8
-8.2
...
% Diff to ECCC
10.5
5.2
No Diff
10.5
-12.8
No Diff
8.9
No Diff
No Diff
4.9
...
No Diff
8.5
No Diff
...
% Diff to CARB
5.0
No Diff
-5.0
5.0
-17.1
-8.5
3.4
-4.0
-3.6
No Diff
...
-5.6
3.1
-3.6
...
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
...
3
3
3
...
(d) CO2 Emission Rates
11
-------
0.070
0.065
_ 0.060
| 0.055
3 0.050
x 0.045
° 0.040
0.035
0.030
r >
>
>
— 0 '
/
—
0.063
0.056
0.049
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.060
0.055
0.053
0.057
0.043
0.055
0.060
0.047
0.059
___
...
0.038
0.063
0.059
...
STD DEV
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.004
...
...
0.000
0.003
0.004
...
Coeff. of Variation
2.64
0.80
3.49
3.01
3.13
6.46
3.49
3.69
7.37
...
...
0.86
4.02
7.37
...
% Diffto EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
7.1
-1.7
-5.5
1.9
-22.8
-2.2
6.7
-15.9
5.2
...
...
-31.6
12.6
5.2
...
% Diffto EPA
No Diff
-8.2
-11.8
No Diff
-27.9
No Diff
No Diff
-21.5
No Diff
...
...
-36.1
No Diff
No Diff
...
% Diff to ECCC
13.4
No Diff
No Diff
7.8
-18.3
No Diff
12.9
-11.0
No Diff
...
...
-27.6
19.2
No Diff
...
% Diff to CARB
9.0
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-21.5
No Diff
8.5
-14.5
No Diff
...
...
-30.4
14.5
No Diff
...
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
...
...
3
3
3
...
(e) CHU Emission Rates
o
X
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
A
A
:E>
>
> t>
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
0.465
0.308
0.152
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.373
0.331
0.221
0.361
0.207
0.291
0.359
0.270
...
...
...
0.252
0.358
...
...
STD DEV
0.016
0.019
0.028
0.023
0.018
0.030
0.010
0.013
...
...
...
0.006
0.043
...
...
Coeff. of Variation
4.40
5.79
12.77
6.49
8.80
10.24
2.71
4.90
...
...
...
2.26
12.00
...
...
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
20.8
7.4
-28.2
17.1
-32.9
-5.7
16.3
-12.4
...
...
...
-18.4
16.0
...
...
% Diffto EPA
No Diff
-11.1
-40.6
No Diff
-44.5
-21.9
No Diff
-27.5
...
...
...
-32.5
No Diff
...
...
% Diff to ECCC
68.4
49.7
No Diff
63.2
No Diff
No Diff
62.1
No Diff
...
...
...
No Diff
61.7
...
...
% Diff to CARB
12.4
No Diff
-33.2
No Diff
-37.5
No Diff
No Diff
-18.5
...
...
...
-24.1
No Diff
...
...
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
...
...
...
3
3
...
...
(f) NMHC Emission Rates
Note:
(1) Mean value is the reported laboratory value without a DF applied.
(2) %Diff is the student "t" distribution analysis at a 95% confidence ratio.
(3) Dash lines indicate that the results are not available.
Figure 4.1. 2017 Arctic Cat Alterra 550 Exhaust Emission Rates; (a) CO; (b) THC; (c) NOx; (d)
CO2; (ej CH4; and (J) NMHC.
12
-------
2018 Polaris Outlaw 110
The 2018 Polaris Outlaw 110 was tested at 15 different laboratories across North America.
Figures 4.2(a) through 4.2(f) display the CO, THC, NOx, CO2, CBU, and NMHC emission rates
using triangle plots.
Regarding CO emission rates, all laboratories were within ± 2 standard deviations of the three
agencies" emission rates. Generally, CO emission rates from all laboratories were well below the
CO emission standard of 15 g/km. It is important to note that as the testing procedures in this study
were slightly different from the certification procedures, no formal comparison can be made to the
emission standard. The average of the three agencies" CO emission rates is 5.56 g/km. Based on
all laboratories, the average CO emission rate of the 2018 Polaris Outlaw 110 was 5.30 g/km
compared to 5 .56 g/km of the three agencies" average.
For the THC emission rates, 9 out of 15 laboratories were within ± 2 standard deviations of the three
agencies" average. However, all laboratories THC emission rates were below than the 1.2 g/km THC
emission standard. The average of the three agencies" THC emission rates was 0.69 g/km, while the
average of all laboratories was 0.71 g/km.
There was high inter-laboratory variability with the NOx results on this specimen ranging from 0.34
g/km to 0.59 g/km. This contrasts with highly consistent results from the respective government
agencies. The respective government agencies had relatively consistent results, which ranged from
0.50 g/km to 0.52 g/km. The average of the three agencies" NOx emission rates was 0.5 1 g/km; this
compared to an average of 0.50 g/km for all participants.
13
-------
) t
^ t
i=
- - t-
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
7.49
4.20
5.00
3.95
5.28
5.37
5.71
4.06
4.64
6.35
5.05
5.49
5.69
4.79
6.48
STD DEV
0.425
0.373
0.494
0.341
0.136
0.150
0.567
0.157
0.167
0.218
0.747
0.426
0.465
0.106
0.436
Coeff. of Variation
5.67
8.89
9.88
8.62
2.57
2.79
9.94
3.87
3.59
3.42
14.80
7.76
8.18
2.21
6.72
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
34.7
-24.5
-10.2
-28.9
-5.1
-3.4
2.6
-27.0
-16.5
14.2
-9.2
-1.3
2.3
-13.8
16.5
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
-43.9
-33.3
-47.2
-29.5
-28.3
-23.8
-45.8
-38.0
-15.2
-32.6
-26.7
-24.0
-36.0
-13.5
% Diff to ECCC
78.3
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
25.7
27.9
35.8
No Diff
No Diff
51.3
No Diff
30.7
35.5
-36.0
-13.5
% Diff to CARB
49.9
No Diff
No Diff
-20.8
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-18.7
No Diff
27.2
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
29.7
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(a) CO Emission Rates
f> j- *=
f=-
__
l=
t=-
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.621
0.817
0.634
0.480
0.933
0.589
0.636
0.304
0.678
0.741
0.973
0.875
0.980
0.579
0.918
STD DEV
0.087
0.046
0.025
0.005
0.034
0.037
0.012
0.021
0.014
0.006
0.082
0.076
0.030
0.028
0.078
Coeff. of Variation
13.98
5.69
4.00
1.14
3.64
6.19
1.86
6.85
2.12
0.78
8.43
8.70
3.04
4.92
8.51
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
-10.0
18.3
-8.2
-30.5
35.1
-14.7
-7.9
-56.0
-1.9
7.3
40.9
26.8
41.9
-16.2
32.9
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
31.5
No Diff
-22.7
50.2
No Diff
No Diff
-51.1
No Diff
No Diff
56.7
40.9
57.8
No Diff
47.7
% Diff to ECCC
-23.9
No Diff
-22.4
-41.2
14.2
-27.8
-22.1
-62.8
-17.0
-9.3
19.2
No Diff
20.0
-6.9
No Diff
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
28.8
No Diff
-24.3
47.1
No Diff
No Diff
-52.0
No Diff
16.8
53.5
38.1
54.6
No Diff
44.7
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(b) THC Emission Rates
14
-------
0.65
0.60
E
0.55
3
0.50
O"
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
>
»=-
>
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
0.541
0.513
0.486
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.517
0.525
0.498
0.451
0.613
0.512
0.544
0.400
0.453
0.594
0.339
0.554
0.557
0.483
0.594
STD DEV
0.029
0.023
0.023
0.012
0.007
0.025
0.022
0.007
0.009
0.002
0.033
0.021
0.044
0.008
0.026
Coeff. of Variation
5.521
4.339
4.696
2.686
1.212
4.906
4.064
1.812
1.969
0.360
9.614
3.785
7.930
1.656
4.295
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
0.8
2.2
-3.0
-12.2
19.3
-0.3
6.0
-22.0
-11.7
15.7
-33.9
7.9
8.6
-5.9
15.7
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-12.9
18.4
No Diff
No Diff
-22.6
-12.4
14.8
-34.4
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
14.8
% Diff to ECCC
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-14.1
16.7
No Diff
No Diff
-23.7
-13.7
13.2
-35.3
No Diff
No Diff
-6.7
14.8
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-9.4
23.0
No Diff
No Diff
-19.6
-9.0
19.3
-31.9
11.2
No Diff
No Diff
19.3
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(c) NOx Emission Rates
100
95
E
90
O)
85
n
80
0
75
70
65
60
-ife=- 93.70
-S== itr^ £= : 85.49
> t>» :E> j> .
77.28
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
85.77
81.25
89.45
81.02
83.87
85.92
86.03
79.95
80.62
93.45
80.15
86.43
80.94
74.58
83.08
STD DEV
1.07
0.84
0.35
2.13
0.71
0.72
1.78
1.41
0.55
0.99
2.09
1.07
2.67
2.81
0.46
Coeff. of Variation
1.25
1.03
0.39
2.63
0.85
0.83
2.07
1.76
0.69
1.05
2.61
1.24
3.30
3.76
0.55
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
0.3
-5.0
4.6
-5.2
-1.9
0.5
0.6
-6.5
-5.7
9.3
-6.2
1.1
-5.3
-12.8
-2.8
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
-5.3
4.3
-5.5
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-6.8
-6.0
9.0
-6.5
No Diff
-5.6
-13.0
-3.1
% Diff to ECCC
5.6
No Diff
10.1
No Diff
3.2
5.7
5.9
No Diff
No Diff
15.0
No Diff
6.4
No Diff
-13.0
-3.1
% Diff to CARB
-4.1
-9.2
No Diff
-9.4
-6.2
-3.9
-3.8
-10.6
-9.9
4.5
-10.4
-3.4
-9.5
-16.6
-7.1
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(d) CO2 Emission Rates
1
o
0.045
0.040
0.035
0.030
0.025
0.020
0.015
0.010
0.005
t
> ^
i>
0.034
0.022
0.010
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.028
0.016
0.022
0.017
0.023
0.022
0.016
0.017
0.021
0.019
0.027
0.023
0.038
STD DEV
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.003
Coeff. of Variation
3.66
10.06
10.66
8.45
2.59
4.55
9.93
4.18
4.76
3.31
12.55
6.42
7.97
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
28.4
-26.3
-2.1
-24.5
4.8
-0.6
-28.9
-22.4
-5.1
-13.8
19.9
5.4
73.2
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
-42.6
-23.8
-41.2
-18.4
-22.6
-44.6
-39.6
-26.1
-32.8
No Diff
-17.9
34.8
% Diff to ECCC
74.2
No Diff
32.8
No Diff
42.2
34.8
No Diff
No Diff
28.7
17.0
62.6
-17.9
34.8
% Diff to CARB
31.2
-24.7
No Diff
-22.8
No Diff
No Diff
-27.3
-20.7
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
76.9
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
15
-------
(e) CH4 Emission Rates
fc-—
t> I ^
i f>
t>
- ^ _
S>-
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.595
0.800
0.613
0.465
0.909
0.616
0.288
0.660
0.952
0.855
0.956
0.879
STD DEV
0.086
0.045
0.026
0.007
0.034
0.012
0.019
0.015
0.082
0.077
0.030
0.081
Coeff. of Variation
14.46
5.69
4.29
1.45
3.69
1.97
6.68
2.28
8.56
9.02
3.17
9.17
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
-11.1
19.5
-8.4
-30.6
35.8
-8.0
-56.9
-1.4
42.2
27.7
42.9
31.4
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
34.5
No Diff
No Diff
52.8
No Diff
-51.5
No Diff
60.0
43.7
60.8
47.8
% Diff to ECCC
-25.6
No Diff
-23.3
-41.9
13.6
-23.0
-64.0
-17.5
19.0
No Diff
19.5
No Diff
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
30.4
No Diff
-24.3
48.2
No Diff
-53.0
No Diff
55.2
39.3
55.9
43.4
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(f) NMHC Emission Rates
Note:
(1) Mean value is the reported laboratory value without a DF applied.
(2) %Diff is the student "t" distribution analysis at a 95% confidence ratio.
(3) Dash lines indicate that the results are not available.
Figure 4.2. 2018 Polaris Outlaw 110 Exhaust Emission Rates; (a) CO; (b) THC; (c) NOx; (d) CO2;
(e) CH4; and (j) NMHC.
16
-------
2017 Polaris Ranger XP 1000 EPS
The 2017 Polaris Ranger XP 1000 EPS was tested at 14 different laboratories across North
America.
Figures 4.3(a) through 4.3(f) display the CO, THC, NOx, CO2, CBU, and NMHC emission rates
using triangle plots.
Concerning CO emission rates, except for three private laboratories, participants were within ± 2
standard deviations of the three agencies" average. There was some variability, but generally, CO
emission rates from all laboratories were observed to be well below the standard of 15 g/km. Once
again, it is important to note that as the testing procedures in this study were slightly different from
the certification procedures, no formal comparison can be made to the emission standard. The
average of the three agencies" CO emission rates is 2.87 g/km. The average CO emission rate of
the 2017 Polaris Ranger XP 1000 EPS from all laboratories was 2.93 g/km, compared to 2.87 g/km
of the three agencies.
Regarding THC emission rates, 8 out of 14 laboratories were within ± 2 standard deviations of the
three agencies" average while all laboratories were well below of the 1.2 g/km THC emission
standard. The average of the three agencies" THC emission rates was 0.16 g/km, compared to 0.17
g/km from all participants averaged.
Furthermore, NOx emission results varied between participants. However, there were 10 out of 14
laboratories that their NOx emission rates were within ± 2 standard deviations. The average of the
three agencies" NOx emission rates was 0.45 g/km, compared to an overall average of 0.47 g/km
from all participants.
17
-------
o
!> F
[> l> » ^ ^ ^ ^ u
=—
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
2.72
2.81
3.09
2.68
2.61
3.75
2.87
2.66
2.85
2.94
2.70
3.53
2.54
3.28
STD DEV
0.19
0.15
0.01
0.07
0.04
0.10
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.15
0.02
0.25
0.02
0.13
Coeff. of Variation
6.96
5.20
0.34
2.54
1.48
2.69
2.44
2.90
2.14
5.13
0.80
7.20
0.68
3.97
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
-5.4
-2.1
7.6
-6.6
-9.0
30.5
0.03
-7.5
-0.7
2.3
-5.9
23.1
-11.7
14.3
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
No Diff
13.8
No Diff
No Diff
38.0
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
30.1
No Diff
20.8
% Diff to ECCC
-12.1
-9.0
No Diff
-13.2
-15.4
21.3
-7.0
-14.0
-7.7
No Diff
-12.5
14.4
-17.9
No Diff
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
9.9
No Diff
No Diff
33.3
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
25.7
-6.6
20.8
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(a) CO Emission Rates
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.158
0.165
0.169
0.166
0.146
0.173
0.161
0.141
0.169
0.184
___
0.161
0.211
0.177
0.213
STD DEV
0.009
0.006
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.006
0.009
0.003
0.005
___
0.002
0.017
0.006
0.007
Coeff. of Variation
5.41
3.92
1.02
1.89
2.05
1.45
3.43
6.42
1.51
2.83
...
1.01
7.84
3.15
3.25
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
-3.5
0.6
2.9
1.3
-10.8
5.6
-2.1
-13.9
2.9
12.3
...
-2.2
28.8
7.8
29.7
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
9.5
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
16.4
...
No Diff
33.5
11.8
34.5
% Diff to ECCC
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-13.4
No Diff
No Diff
-16.4
No Diff
9.1
...
-5.0
25.1
No Diff
26.0
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-11.3
No Diff
No Diff
-14.4
No Diff
11.6
...
No Diff
28.0
No Diff
34.5
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
...
3
3
3
3
(b) THC Emission Rates
18
-------
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.461
0.411
0.487
0.435
0.416
0.492
0.438
0.357
0.500
0.546
___
0.465
0.546
0.471
0.622
STD DEV
0.027
0.034
0.006
0.006
0.010
0.009
0.002
0.005
0.016
0.027
___
0.008
0.029
0.016
0.014
Coeff. of Variation
5.80
8.32
1.13
1.34
2.44
1.82
0.40
1.44
3.12
4.97
...
1.69
5.33
3.34
2.17
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
1.7
-9.2
7.6
-4.0
-8.1
8.5
-3.3
-21.1
10.4
20.5
...
2.7
20.5
4.0
37.3
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-22.4
No Diff
18.5
...
No Diff
18.6
No Diff
35.0
% Diff to ECCC
No Diff
-15.6
No Diff
-10.7
-14.6
No Diff
-10.1
-26.7
No Diff
12.0
...
-4.6
12.1
No Diff
27.6
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
18.5
No Diff
No Diff
19.6
No Diff
No Diff
21.7
32.8
...
No Diff
32.8
No Diff
35.0
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
...
3
3
3
3
(c) NOx Emission Rates
230
220
E
210
3
200
CM
O
190
O
180
170
160
£=-
214.5
196.3
178.0
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
186.1
199.0
203.7
197.4
179.5
198.7
212.8
192.2
209.2
218.9
...
190.6
200.7
182.1
199.5
STD DEV
7.75
6.74
1.02
0.89
3.37
1.02
0.24
1.30
0.60
1.58
...
1.61
0.64
0.75
0.18
Coeff. of Variation
4.17
3.39
0.50
0.45
1.88
0.51
0.11
0.67
0.29
0.72
...
0.84
0.32
0.41
0.09
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
-5.2
1.4
3.8
0.6
-8.5
1.2
8.4
-2.1
6.6
11.6
...
-2.9
2.3
-7.2
1.6
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
No Diff
9.5
No Diff
No Diff
6.8
14.4
No Diff
12.4
17.6
...
No Diff
7.8
No Diff
7.2
% Diff to ECCC
-8.7
No Diff
No Diff
-3.1
-11.9
-2.5
4.5
-5.7
2.7
7.5
...
-6.5
-1.5
-10.6
-2.1
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-9.8
No Diff
7.0
No Diff
No Diff
10.0
...
No Diff
No Diff
-2.1
No Diff
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
...
3
3
3
3
(d) CO2 Emission Rates
19
-------
0.045
0.040
E
0.035
U)
0.030
I
0
0.025
0.020
0.015
21
0.026
0.024
0.021
Limits ±2 Std Dev about the EPA-ECCC-CARB Test Mean
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.023
0.023
0.025
0.025
0.022
0.026
0.025
___
0.024
...
...
0.018
0.028
0.028
0.036
STD DEV
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
...
0.000
...
...
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.004
Coeff. of Variation
3.42
3.86
0.00
1.73
1.87
2.25
10.58
...
1.35
...
...
1.50
11.24
1.65
10.02
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
-2.9
-2.7
5.6
4.4
-8.9
8.4
5.6
...
0.3
...
...
-22.2
18.0
17.0
52.1
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
No Diff
8.7
7.5
No Diff
11.6
No Diff
...
No Diff
...
...
-19.9
No Diff
20.5
56.6
% Diff to ECCC
-8.0
-7.9
No Diff
No Diff
-13.7
No Diff
No Diff
...
-5.1
...
...
-26.4
No Diff
10.8
44.0
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
8.6
7.3
No Diff
11.5
No Diff
...
No Diff
...
...
-20.1
No Diff
20.5
56.6
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
...
3
...
...
3
3
3
3
(e) CH4 Emission Rates
Parameter
Lab 1
(EPA)
Lab 2
(ECCC)
Lab 3
(CARB)
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 11
Lab 12
Lab 13
Lab 14
Lab 15
MEAN
0.137
0.145
0.145
0.145
0.124
0.148
0.139
0.122
...
...
...
0.141
0.185
...
0.177
STD DEV
0.0078
0.0057
0.0017
0.0030
0.0027
0.0015
0.0044
0.0091
...
...
...
0.0014
0.0135
...
0.0036
Coeff. of Variation
5.73
3.94
1.19
2.10
2.18
1.01
3.14
7.42
...
...
...
1.01
7.33
...
2.04
% Diff to EPA-ECCC-
CARB Mean
-3.8
2.0
1.8
1.8
-12.7
4.2
-2.4
-14.1
...
...
...
-1.2
29.8
...
24.3
% Diff to EPA
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
...
...
...
No Diff
34.9
...
29.2
% Diff to ECCC
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-14.3
No Diff
No Diff
-15.6
...
...
...
-3.0
27.4
...
22.1
% Diff to CARB
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
No Diff
-14.4
No Diff
No Diff
-15.8
...
...
...
No Diff
27.2
...
29.2
Number of Tests
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
...
...
...
3
3
...
3
(f) NMHC Emission Rates
Note:
(1) Mean value is the reported laboratory value without a DF applied.
(2) %Diff is the student "t" distribution analysis at a 95% confidence ratio.
(3) Dash lines indicate that the results are not available.
Figure 4.3. 2017 Polaris Ranger XP 1000 EPS Exhaust Emission Rates; (a) CO; (b) THC; (c) NOx;
(d) CO2; (e) CH4; and (J) NMHC.
20
-------
XII. CONCLUSIONS
This multi-year program was a unique opportunity for collaboration between the U.S. EPA, ECCC,
and CARB and participating private laboratories. To this end, this program highlighted the
importance of continuing this type of collaborative effort among these organizations by sharing
knowledge and resources to support common goals. One of these common goals is to promote
high-quality and accurate measurements of exhaust emissions of vehicles and engines that emit to
the atmosphere. This round-robin study provided valuable insight into the correlation and accuracy
among both private and public OHRV exhaust emission testing facilities.
Overall, the results of this study revealed a high level of correlation between the three agencies
(with few exceptions), therefore demonstrating highly consistent quality assurance and procedural
adherence between the respective agencies. To this end, it should also be mentioned that besides
the government participants, most private participants performed well in this program, which
shows a high degree of competence within the OHRV exhaust emissions measurement landscape
of North America.
As this was a voluntary program, the results will be used for informational purposes only. There
are some examples of potential areas for improvements by various participants, which can be
observed in the triangle plots in the results section. Specifically, measurements in some cases
showed higher variability between test repeats than desired. This variability between test runs may
result from inconsistent driving, instrument calibration, or other factors. Further efforts to reduce
the variability of emission results between test runs are recommended. Furthermore, there are some
instances where the emission results of certain participants were significantly above or below
expected ranges. This is not necessarily the outcome of improper procedure adherence; though, it
is indicative of a necessity for a deeper investigation for these cases. This four-year program
provided many learning opportunities for the program organizers, including developing improved
instructions and potentially providing additional opportunities for participants to find sources of
variabilities between measurements (e.g. provisions of fuel analyses and driver metric data). These
lessons learned will help organizers to better design future correlation efforts, including an
upcoming round-robin test program in Asia.
XIII. PROGRAM COORDINATORS
Donzell Green, David Swain
Unites States Environmental Protection Agency
Mary am Delavarrafiee
California Air Resources Board
Jonathan Stokes
Environment and Climate Change Canada
21
-------
XIV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The program coordinators greatly appreciate the efforts of all who have participated in this
program and hope we can continue working with them in the future. We would like to also thank
all the individuals who assisted during the project planning and testing. We would like to
acknowledge the following staff for their support of this study: EPA(Cleophas Jackson, Michael
Delduca, John Spieth, NVFEL Staff); CARB (Thomas Valencia, Gary Mikailian, Thu Vo; Tuyen
Dinh; Yilin Ma; Michael O'Connor, John Massetti; Travis Wong); ECCC (Norman Meyer; Aaron
Loiselle; Debbie Rosenblatt; ERMS Technical Staff).
22
-------