BIRMINGHAM WATER WORKS

TRAINING PROGRAM

A Water System Partnerships Case Study

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HIGHLIGHTS

Challenge Statement:

Birmingham had to contract with
external trainers to conduct
trainings, which resulted in high
training costs. There also was a
shortage of Grade IV operators
across Alabama, and small water
systems had difficulties accessing
affordable trainings for their
operators.

Partnership Features:
The training program that
Birmingham established is an
example of an Informal Cooperation
partnership. Birmingham now
invites other water systems in
Alabama to participate in their
internal trainings and provides
external trainings for them as well.
These trainings make Birmingham
and staff from other systems more
knowledgeable and prepared to
operate water systems.

Expanding the Birmingham Water Works Training
Program

Background

Birmingham Water Works (Birmingham) is a single surface water system with four
treatment plants that delivers water to over 585,000 people in five counties in
Alabama. In 2008, Birmingham saw a need for a leadership training program
specific to their water system. Management also realized that Birmingham would
benefit if all trainings for water system staff were provided in-house, rather than
continuing with expensive external trainers. A robust, internal training program

Primary Benefits:

Birmingham reduced training costs
while increasing employee re-
tention and career growth
opportunities by moving trainings
in-house and offering low-cost
trainings to other systems. Other
water systems now have access to
trainings that were not available
before.

Accomplishments:

Birmingham became an industry
leader in providing water system
trainings in Alabama and have
increased the pool of Grade IV
operators in the state through their
top ranked training program.
External water system operators
benefit from their various trainings.

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could reduce training costs and the trainings would be tailored to the water system's
specific staff needs. Increased training opportunities resulted in higher staff retention
and career growth, which reduced hiring costs and created a more knowledgeable
staff.

Critical Drivers

Critical factors that inspired Birmingham to evaluate their training program and
consider partnerships opportunities were:

4 Reduce Water System Spending: Instead of contracting with external trainers,
Birmingham hired five full-time staff members to provide trainings, which
reduced the overall training costs.

4 Shortage of Grade IV Operators: Birmingham created "Grade l-IV Prep Classes"
to train operators for the certification exam. These classes were then offered to
other water systems which resulted in an increased Grade IV operator pool in
Alabama.

4 Improve Current Trainings: By extending the trainings to outside systems,
Birmingham created extra revenue that was used to expand their training
offerings. This increase in training opportunities benefited their staff and staff at
outside water systems.

4 Improve Relationships with Consecutive Systems: Providing trainings to their
consecutive systems allowed Birmingham to improve their understanding of
consecutive operations and improve communication and overall relations with
consecutive systems.

4 Build Other Relationships: Through these trainings, Birmingham increased
outreach and developed relationships with other neighboring water systems.

The critical drivers for external systems to participate in the training program were:

4 Improve Access to Trainings: Having improved and increased training options for
operators and water system owners helped other systems build capacity and
improve their ability to provide safe affordable drinking water in Alabama.
Birmingham was able to tailor trainings to a water system's type and needs to
help consecutive systems, neighboring water systems, and a network of water
systems across the state.

4 At Cost Trainings: Any revenue generated from Birmingham's trainings was
reinvested back into the training program to improve both internal and external
trainings. This allowed Birmingham to provide trainings at cost, so water systems
were able to afford more trainings for their staff.

4 Build Relationships: Through these trainings, neighboring systems have built
relationships with Birmingham and can utilize Birmingham as a resource in the
future.

Water System Partnerships as a Solution

Public water systems across the country face a variety of challenges, including
technical, managerial, and financial capacity issues. Water system partnerships refer to
a range of collaborative activities in which systems can pool resources, expertise, and
experience. Bringing systems together through partnerships can help reduce
noncompliance issues, risks to public health, and redundant workloads. Water system

BIRMINGHAM
WATER WORKS

TYPES OF PARTNERSHIPS

Informal Cooperation:

Coordination with other water
systems, but without contractual
obligations. Informal partnerships
may consist of partners sharing
equipment and creating mutual aid
agreements for emergency
response management.

Contractual Assistance:

Setup a contract with another
water system or service provider
where the contract and service
ultimately remain under the water
system's control. This type of
partnership may include a system
purchasing water from another
system or contracting out
operations and management to
another water system.

Joint Power Agency:

Creation of a new entity designed
to serve the water systems that
form it. These partnered water
systems may share system
management, operators, or source
water.

Ownership Transfer:

Merger or mutual transfer of an
existing entity or creation of a new
entity. This type of relationship
may be represented by one water
system being acquired by another,
or by being connected to another
water system physically, financially,
and managerially.

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partnerships are informal or formal relationships that help water systems identify
opportunities to leverage benefits that would be difficult to achieve independently.

Birmingham realized that increasing internal trainings and offering trainings to other
systems would benefit everyone involved. By growing Birmingham's training program,
they improved training access and quality across the state.

Building Blocks of Partnership

In 2008, Birmingham started an internal leadership training system, providing a variety
of leadership programs for all levels of staff. Programs included:

A Ready to Lead: A one-year program for new supervisors, which helped prepare

staff for management roles.

A STAR: A program for high performers, that helped strong candidates take

necessary steps towards promotion. These trainings provided staff with the skills
they needed to seize opportunities when positions became available.

A GO: A program that develops team leadership skills, preparing staff to feel
comfortable delegating and coaching other employees.

The leadership program was so successful that Birmingham management discussed
the benefits of increasing internal trainings with their Board of Directors. The Board
understood that holding regular internal trainings benefited the future development
of the water system. Birmingham hired full-time training staff and started adding new
trainings.

After realizing that Birmingham was often required to do extra sampling due to water
quality issues at consecutive systems, in 2009, they invited their 12 consecutive
systems to participate in their internal trainings. During annual meetings the water
systems were able to discuss common concerns, improve communication, and
Birmingham could provide their consecutive systems resources, such as informational
videos.

Next, Birmingham opened trainings to small systems in the area. Nearby systems could
either attend Birmingham's scheduled trainings at their facilities or Birmingham would
travel to another system to provide the training. Birmingham has travelled as far as
250 miles to Mobile, Alabama to provide these on-site trainings. Expanding training
offerings to outside audiences allowed Birmingham trainers and the other systems to
tailor trainings. This was often a more cost-effective option than transporting multiple
staff members to Birmingham for scheduled trainings.

Due to these successful outreach efforts, Birmingham was able to increase their
training revenue to invest in current trainings and broaden their offerings. Their
trainings grew to include safety, Grade l-IV operator certification, communication
skills, leadership, management, and many other topics.

In 2017, Birmingham revamped and expanded their leadership program to include a
new employee self-leadership training. Increasing the leadership program has
improved Birmingham's employee retention rates and career growth. Birmingham
continues to provide a variety of trainings to Birmingham staff as well as neighboring
systems.

BIRMINGHAM
TRAINING TIMELINE

2008	¦ ^ Began Leadership

Training
I > Hired Full-Time

Training Staff
I > Expanded Internal
Training Programs

2009	M ^ Opened Trainings to

Consecutive and
Small Systems
I > Travelled to

External Systems for
Trainings
I > Increased Outreach
Expanded Training
Opportunities

2010	I ^ Continued to Offer
_ H a Variety of

I Trainings to Internal
and External Staff

2017 I > Expanded
Leadership
Programs
I > Began Internship
Training Programs

AWARD WINNING
TRAININGS

Since 2013, Birmingham has
received Training Magazine awards
every year. 2021 marked the third
year in a row they ranked among
the top 10 training programs (out of
125 awardees).

For more information about these
awards, please visit their website.

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Best Practices and Successful Strategies

Key Strategies

Birmingham was able to develop a successful training program, in part, due to these
key strategies:

4 Existing Structure; One of the reasons Birmingham's training offerings were able
to grow was because of the strong foundation of their internal training program.
They were able to capitalize on their existing structure and staff to build the
program and pass that benefit to surrounding water systems.

4 Outreach; Birmingham attended the Alabama-Mississippi American Water

Works Association conference where they set up a booth to provide information
to other systems about their training offerings. They also hosted a meeting for
water systems and technical assistance providers to discuss the Lead and Copper
Rule; nearly 100 people attended. In addition to attending events, Birmingham
also uses quarterly brochures and emails to share information about the
program.

4 Management and Board: The Birmingham Board agreed with management that
switching from external trainers to internal trainers would benefit the long-term
success of Birmingham. The Board recognized the benefits of enhancing local
communities as well as investing in their own staff.

Funding

One of the biggest obstacles to increasing internal and external trainings was funding
the program. To secure funding, staff convinced management and the Board of the
long-term sustainability and financial benefit to Birmingham and its community.

These key points convinced the Board to invest in Birmingham's training program:

A Cost Savings: Hiring full-time training staff eliminated the need to contract with
external trainers. Internal trainings could be tailored to Birmingham's system,
which eliminated the need for supplemental system-specific trainings.

4	Need for Diverse Trainings: Hiring internal training staff allowed the system to
develop training offerings for all staff, not just operators. Trainers were able to
provide trainings on topics such as safety, certification, leadership, and
communications for a variety of roles across the water system.

5	Recognition: Birmingham received recognition and awards for their training
program and is viewed as a leader. Success and recognition can help convince
management or a Board to continue investing in the program.

S Future Relationships: Birmingham is now seen as a resource to partnering
systems and has earned the trust of many of the small water systems they
support. These relationships are beneficial for future partnership opportunities
including contractual assistance or ownership transfer.

Partnership Benefits

Through its partnerships, Birmingham has been able to offer more diverse and
effective trainings to their own staff and staff at other systems. They have also seen
improvements in staff skills, higher employee retention, and career growth amongst
staff. Through their certification training offerings, Birmingham has helped fill the gap
of Grade IV operators in Alabama.

INVESTING IN FUTURE
OPERATORS

Birmingham has three internship
training programs for college and
high	school	students:

"Ambassadors in Training," "Water
Apprenticeship Program" and
"Young Water Ambassadors",
interns prepare for working at a
water system by completing
training and on the job tasks before
they graduate. Following
graduation, college students are
hired by Birmingham or another
system. This program has increased
the pool of Grade IV operators in
Alabama.

For more information, please visit
Birmingham's Student Employment
Opportunities website.

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Birmingham provides trainings at cost, which enables access to trainings that had
previously not been available to its consecutive and neighboring water systems. These
trainings increase their staff's knowledge and expertise on a range of topics and
improve the systems' resilience and compliance.

Learning from the Birmingham Partnership

Birmingham found that key actions early in the partnerships process created the
conditions necessary for success.

Building on Strengths

Birmingham utilized tools and resources in-house to create a successful training
program that could be tailored and offered to other systems. Internal staff and
supervisors are more knowledgeable about the water system, so they can provide
more tailored training to staff across departments. If other large systems duplicate this
method in their states, it could be beneficial to the water industry as a whole. Large
systems can examine their own strengths such as lab analysis, technical expertise, or
consumer relations, and determine how to create partnerships or programs that can
be mutually beneficial to the hosting and receiving systems.

Taking Action

The training program developed by Birmingham is an example of coordinated efforts
that helped multiple water systems address present and potential challenges. Key
benefits of the partnership included high quality trainings for internal and external
staff, more knowledgeable water system staff across Alabama, and a larger Grade IV
operator pool. Successful partnerships require time, planning, and resources but these
efforts are rewarded by significant benefits to water systems and the communities
they serve.

INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE ABOUT WATER SYSTEM PARTNERSHIPS?

Water system partnerships can help systems overcome challenges including aging
infrastructure, compliance challenges, and limited technical and managerial
capabilities. Partnerships provide opportunities to collaborate on compliance
solutions, and operations and maintenance activities, which increase capacity and
enable systems to provide safe water to their communities.

To learn more about water system partnerships like Birmingham, visit the EPA's
Water System Partnerships website: https://www.epa.gov/dwcapacity/water-
system-partnerships.

RESOURCES

To learn more about Birmingham's
Training Program and water system
partnerships, follow these links to
online resources:

® Birmingham Website

•	Birmingham External
Trainings

•	EPA Water System
Partnerships Website

Office of Water (4606M)

EPA 816F22001

January 2022

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