Fast Facts/ National-Level U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Electricity Industry emissions Fluorinated Gases Nitrous Oxide (N20) Methane (CH.) Carbon Dioxide (CO,) Transportation 2020 Total Emissions 5,981 million metric tons of CO equivalent Agriculture 2019-2020 Change C02 emissions from fossil fuel combustion: 72.6% of total emissions C02 removals by forests and other lands: 13.6% of total emissions ^ -9.0% total * -10.3% «>.< ^ 10.» fuel combustion C02 emissions from fossil Commercial Residential 1990-2020 Change * -7.3% total emissions * -7.9% C02 emissions ¦ O ' C02emissions from fossil ~ "O.Z /O fuel combustion To learn more about the inventory, visit www.epa.gov/gliqemissions/inventorv-us-qreenhouse-qas-emissions-antl-sinks, or explore the data at https://cfpub.epa.qov/qhqdata/inventorveKPiorer. * Percentages may not add to 100% due to independent rounding and the way the inventory qualifies U.S. territories (not shown) as a separate sector. Emissions from Land-IJse, Land-Use Change and Forestry are reported separately and not shown in the figure. AEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency April 2022 EPA 430-F-22-001 ------- U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas 8,000-| 7,000 - D" LU 6,000- 0™ 5,000- 0 H 4,000- S s 3,000- 2,000- 1,000- I HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3 I Methane Nitrous Oxide Carbon Dioxide 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions/Sinks by Chapter/IPCC Sector 8000-1 7000- 6000- 5000- 4000- 3000- 2000- 1000- 0 -1000- 1990 I Waste Industrial Processes Energy I Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (sinks) Agriculture 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2020 U.S.CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type and End-Use Sector 2,000 -¦ 1,600 - 1,200 - 800 - 400 - 0 ¦ Petroleum Relative Contribution by Fuel Type Natural Gas Coal 1,572 227 316 ~ / V «/ Note: Electricity generation also includes emissions of less than 0.5 Tg CO, Eq. from geothermal-based electricity generation. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allocated to Economic Sectors I Residential I Commercial ¦ Agriculture Industry ¦ Electric Power Industry ¦ Transportation 000 000- 000 000- 000- 000 000- 000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Note: Does not include U.S. territories and LULUCF sector. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions with Electricity Distributed to Economic Sectors I Agriculture I Transportation I Residential Industry Commercial 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Note: Does not include U.S. territories and LULUCF sector. * Additional sources that do not exceed 0.05 MMT CO2 Eq. in all listed years: CO2: Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells, Magnesium Production and Processing. ChU: Carbide Production and Consumption, Iron and Steel Production and Metallurgical Coke Production, Ferroalloy Production, Incineration of Waste. N2O: Natural Gas Systems, Petroleum Systems PFCs: Electrical Transmission and Distribution + Does not exceed 0.05 MMT C02 Eq. a Emissions from international bunker fuels are not included in totals. b Emissions from Wood Biomass, Ethanol, and Biodiesel Consumption are not included specifically in summing energy sector totals. Net carbon fluxes from changes in biogenic carbon reservoirs are accounted for in the estimates for land use, land-use change, and forestry. c LULUCF emissions of CH4and N20 are reported separately from gross emissions totals. d Small amounts of PFC emissions also result from this source. e LULUCF Carbon Stock Change is the net C stock change from the following categories: Forest Land Remaining Forest Land, Land Converted to Forest Land, Cropland Remaining Cropland, Land Converted to Cropland, Grassland Remaining Grassland, Land Converted to Grassland, Wetlands Remaining Wetlands, Land Converted to Wetlands, Settlements Remaining Settlements, and Land Converted to Settlements. 1 The LULUCF Sector Net Total is the net sum of all CH4 and N20 emissions to the atmosphere plus net carbon stock changes. Note: Totals may not sum due to independent rounding. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (MMT C02 Equivalents) Gas/Source* 1990 2005 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 O O 5,122.5 6,137.6 5,251.8 5,211.0 5,376.7 5,259.1 4,715.7 | Fossil Fuel Combustion 4,731.2 5,752.0 4,909.6 4,853.3 4,989.3 4,852.3 4,342.7 Transportation 1,468.9 1,858.6 1,757.6 1,780.0 1,812.8 1,813.8 1,572.0 Electric Power Sector 1,820.0 2,400.1 1,808.9 1,732.0 1,752.9 1,606.1 1,439.0 Industrial 853.7 851.5 792.7 790.4 814.1 816.1 766.3 Residential 338.6 358.9 292.8 293.4 338.2 341.4 315.8 Commercial 228.3 227.1 231.5 232.0 245.8 250.7 226.8 U.S. Territories 21.7 55.9 26.0 25.5 25.5 24.3 22.7 Non-Energy Use of Fuels 112.2 128.9 99.5 112.6 128.9 126.8 121.0 Natural Gas Systems 31.9 24.9 29.8 31.1 32.4 38.7 35.4 Cement Production 33.5 46.2 39.4 40.3 39.0 40.9 40.7 Lime Production 11.7 14.6 12.6 12.9 13.1 12.1 11.3 Other Process Uses of Carbonates 6.2 7.5 10.8 9.9 7.4 9.8 9.8 Glass Production 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 Soda Ash Production 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 Carbon Dioxide Consumption 1.5 1.4 4.6 4.6 4.1 4.9 5.0 Incineration of Waste 12.9 13.3 14.4 13.2 13.3 12.9 13.1 Titanium Dioxide Production 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 Aluminum Production 6.8 4.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.7 Iron and Steel Production & Metallurgical Coke Production 104.7 70.1 43.6 40.6 42.6 43.1 37.7 Ferroalloy Production 2.2 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.4 Ammonia Production 13.0 9.2 10.2 11.1 12.2 12.3 12.7 Urea Consumption for Non-Agricultural Purposes 3.8 3.7 5.3 5.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 Phosphoric Acid Production 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 Petrochemical Production 21.6 27.4 28.1 28.9 29.3 30.7 30.0 Carbide Production and Consumption 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Lead Production 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Zinc Production 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 Petroleum Systems 9.6 12.0 21.9 25.0 37.3 46.7 30.2 Liming 4.7 4.3 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 Urea Fertilization 2.4 3.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.3 Coal Mining 4.6 4.2 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.2 International Bunker Fuels" 103.6 113.3 116.7 120.2 122.2 116.1 69.6 Wood Biomass, Ethanol, and Biodiesel Consumptionb 219.4 230.7 316.9 312.7 319.8 317.2 291.6 CH/ 780.8 697.5 657.6 663.8 671.1 668.8 650.4 Stationary Combustion 8.6 7.8 7.9 7.7 8.6 8.8 7.9 Mobile Combustion 6.5 4.0 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.2 Coal Mining 96.5 64.1 53.8 54.8 52.7 47.4 41.2 Abandoned Underground Coal Mines 7.2 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.8 Natural Gas Systems 195.5 177.5 165.2 166.6 171.8 172.1 164.9 Petroleum Systems 47.8 41.4 40.4 40.5 38.6 40.4 40.2 Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells 6.5 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.0 6.9 Petrochemical Production 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Enteric Fermentation 163.5 168.0 171.3 174.9 175.7 176.1 175.2 Manure Management 34.8 49.0 57.1 57.5 59.4 58.7 59.6 Rice Cultivation 16.0 18.0 15.8 14.9 15.6 15.1 15.7 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Landfills 176.6 131.5 107.9 109.2 111.7 113.6 109.3 Wastewater Treatment 20.3 20.1 18.7 18.5 18.3 18.1 18.3 Composting 0.4 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 Anaerobic Digestion at Biogas Facilities + + 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 International Bunker Fuels' 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 NjO' 450.5 453.3 449.2 444.6 457.7 456.8 426.2 Stationary Combustion 25.1 34.4 30.0 28.4 28.2 24.9 23.2 Mobile Combustion 44.6 41.4 21.1 20.1 19.2 20.0 17.4 Adipic Acid Production 15.2 7.1 7.1 7.5 10.5 5.3 8.3 Nitric Acid Production 12.1 11.3 10.1 9.3 9.6 10.0 9.3 Manure Management 13.9 16.3 18.4 19.0 19.3 19.5 19.7 Agricultural Soil Management 316.0 313.8 330.8 328.3 338.9 345.3 316.2 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Wastewater Treatment 16.6 20.3 22.8 23.2 23.5 23.4 23.5 N,-,0 from Product Uses 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 Caprolactam.Glyoxal.and GlyoxylicAcid Production 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 Incineration of Waste 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Composting 0.3 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 Electronics Industry + 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 International Bunker Fuels" 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.6 HFCs, PFCs, SF«, and NF3 99.7 146.4 179.3 181.7 182.0 186.9 189.2 178.8 HFCs 46.5 127.4 168.3 171.1 171.0 175.9 Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances 0.2 107.2 165.1 165.5 167.3 171.8 176.2 HCFC-22 Production 46.1 20.0 2.8 5.2 3.3 3.7 2.1 Electronics Industry 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Magnesium Production and Processing + + 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 PFCs 24.3 6.7 4.4 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.4 Aluminum Production 21.5 3.4 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.7 Electronics Industry 2.8 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.7 Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substances11 + + + + 0.1 0.1 0.1 SF« 28.8 11.8 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.4 Electrical Transmission and Distribution 23.2 8.3 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.2 3.8 Electronics Industry 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 Magnesium Production and Processing 5.2 2.7 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 nf3 + 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 | Electronics Industry + 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Total Emissions 6,453.5 7,434.8 6,537.9 6,501.0 6,687.5 6,571.7 5,981.4 LULUCF Emissionsc 31.4 41.3 35.4 45.5 39.8 30.3 53.2 LULUCF CH4Emissions 27.2 30.9 28.3 34.0 30.7 25.5 38.1 LULUCF N20 Emissions 4.2 10.5 7.1 11.5 9.1 4.8 15.2 LULUCF Carbon Stock Change^ (892.0) (831.1) (862.0) (826.7) (809.0) (760.8) (812.2) | LULUCF Sector Net Total' (860.6) (789.8) (826.6) (781.2) (769.3) (730.5) (758.9) | Net Emissions (Sources and Sinks) 5,592.8 B ------- Global Warming Potentials (100-Year Time Horizon) Gas* GWP co, 1 ch4 25 n2o 298 HFC-23 14,800 HFC-32 675 HFC-43-10mee 1,640 HFC-125 3,500 HFC-134a 1,430 HFC-143a 4,470 HFC-152a 124 FIFC-227ea 3,220 HFC-236fa 9,810 u_ O 7,390 % 12,200 CO u_ o° 8,830 % 8,860 CO U_ cT o 10,300 IPs 9,160 9,300 *0 LI- CO 22,800 NFj 17,200 Global warming potential (GWP) is defined as the cumulative radiative forcing effects of a gas over a specified time horizon resulting from the emission of a unit mass of gas relative to a reference gas.The GWP-weighted emissions of direct greenhouse gases in the U.S. Inventory are presented in terms of equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide (GO^'using units of million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMT CQ,Eq.). Conversion: 1 million metric tons = 106 metric tons = 1(? kg. The molecular weight of carbon is 12, and the molecular weight of oxygen is 16; therefore, the molecular weight of C02 is 44 (i.e., 12 + [16 x 2]), as compared to 12 for carbon alone.Thus, the weight ratio of carbon to carbon dioxide is 12/44,' Conversion from gigagrams of gas to million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents: (¦ Gg \ / rami \ ofgasjx(GWP)x(l,000Ggj Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) * See Annex 6 of EPA's Inventory report for information about the full list of gases in the Inventory. Energy Units Btu British thermal unit 1 Btu MBtu Thousand Btu 1 x 103Btu MMBtu Million Btu 1 x 1W Btu BBtu Billion Btu 1 x 1 fi1 Btu TBtu Trillion Btu 1 x 10K Btu QBtu Quadrillion Btu 1 x 1 flj® Btu For more information on calculating C02 emissions per kWh, download eGRID data at www.eDa.aov/enerav/earid. For other related information, see www.epa.aov/ahaemissions and https://unfccc.int. Carbon Information Conversion Factors to Energy Units and Carbon Contents by Fuel Type The values in this table provide conversion factors from physical units to energy equivalent units and from energy units to carbon contents. These factors can be used as default factors, if local data are not available. Fuel Type Heat Content Carbon (C) Content Coefficients Carbon Dioxide (CO.) per Physical Unit Solid Fuels Million Btu/MetricTon kg C/Million Btu kg C02/MetricTon Anthracite Coal 24.88 28.28 2,579.9 Bituminous Coai 26.33 25.43 2,455.1 Sub-bituminous Coal 18.89 26.49 1,834.8 Lignite 14.19 26.77 1,392.8 Coking Coal 31.56 25.60 2,962.4 Gas Fuels Btu/Cubic Foot kg C/Miliion Btu kg CO/Cubic Foot Natural Gas 1,037 14.43 0.0548 Liquid Fuels Million Btu/Petroleum Barrel kg C/Million Btu kg CO./Petroleum Barrel Motor Gasoline 5.05 19.27 356.8 Distillate Fuel Oil 5.83 20.22 432.2 Residual Fuel Oil 6.29 20.48 472.3 Jet Fuel 5.67 19.70 409.6 Aviation Gasoline 5.05 18.86 349.2 HGL 3.88 17.66 251.2 Kerosene 5.67 19.96 415.0 Still Gas 6.29 18.20 419.8 Petroleum Coke 6.02 27.85 615.2 Pentanes Plus 4.61 1 O.Z4 juy.u Propane 3.84 17.15 241.5 Note: For fuels with variable heat contents and carbon content coefficients, this table presents 2020 U.S. average values./s calorific values (GCV) (i.e., higher heating values). FIGL=hydrocarbon gas liquids. factors are presented in gross Unit Conversions 1 pound = 0.454 kilograms = 16 ounces 1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds = 35.27 ounces 1 short ton = 0.9072 metric tons = 2,000 pounds 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meters = 28.3168 liters 1 cubic meter = 35.315 cubic feet = 1,000 liters 1 U.S. gallon = 3.78541 liters = 0.03175 barrels = 0.02381 barrels petroleum 1 liter = 0.2642 U.S. gallons = 0.0084 barrels = 0.0063 barrels petroleum 1 barrel = 31.5 U.S. gallons = 119 liters = 0.75 barrels petroleum 1 barrel petroleum = 42 U.S. gallons = 159 liters 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers = 5,280 feet 1 kilometer = 0.6214 miles = 3,280.84 feet 1 square mile = 2.590 square kilometers = 640 acres 1 square kilometer = 0.386 square miles = 100 hectares 1 acre = 43,560 square feet = 0.4047 hectares = 4,047 square meters ------- |