THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION PROGRAM, m Sandia National Laboratories ETV JOINT VERIFICATION STATEMENT TECHNOLOGY TYPE: APPLICATION: GROUNDWATER SAMPLING TECHNOLOGIES VOC-CONTAMINATED WATER SAMPLING TECHNOLOGY NAME: SamplEase Bladder Pump - Model SP15T36 COMPANY: ADDRESS: WEBSITE: EMAIL: Clean Environment Equipment 1133 Seventh St. Oakland, CA 94607 PHONE: (510) 891-0880 FAX: (510) 444-6789 www.cee.com service@cee.com The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has created the Environmental Technology Verification Program (ETV) to facilitate the deployment of innovative or improved environmental technologies through performance verification and dissemination of information. The goal of the ETV Program is to further environmental protection by substantially accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective technologies. ETV seeks to achieve this goal by providing high-quality, peer-reviewed data on technology performance to those involved in the design, distribution, financing, permitting, purchase, and use of environmental technologies. ETV works in partnership with recognized standards and testing organizations and stakeholder groups consisting of regulators, buyers, and vendor organizations, with the full participation of individual technology developers. The program evaluates the performance of innovative technologies by developing test plans that are responsive to the needs of stakeholders, conducting field or laboratory tests (as appropriate), collecting and analyzing data, and preparing peer-reviewed reports. All evaluations are conducted in accordance with rigorous quality assurance protocols to ensure that data of known and adequate quality are generated and that the results are defensible. The Site Characterization and Monitoring Technologies Pilot, one of 12 technology areas under ETV, is administered by EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory. Sandia National Laboratories, a Department of Energy laboratory, is one of the verification testing organizations within the ETV Site Characterization and Monitoring Technologies Pilot. Sandia collaborated with personnel from the US Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a verification study of groundwater sampling technologies. This verification statement provides a summary of the results from a verification test of the SamplEase bladder pump and pneumatic controller manufactured by Clean Environment Equipment. EPA-VS-SCM-42 The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement. August 2000 ------- DEMONSTRATION DESCRIPTION In August 1999, the performance of six groundwater sampling technologies was evaluated at the US Geological Survey Hydrological Instrumentation Facility at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Stennis Space Center in southwestern Mississippi. Each technology was independently evaluated in order to assess its performance in the collection of volatile organic compound- (VOC) contaminated water. The verification test design incorporated the use of a 5-inch-diameter, 100-foot standpipe at the USGS facility. The standpipe, serving as an "aboveground" well, was filled with tap water spiked with various concentration levels of six target volatile organic compounds. The target compounds (1,2- dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, benzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethene) were chosen to represent the range of VOC volatility likely to be encountered in normal sampler use. Water sampling ports along the exterior of the standpipe were used to collect reference samples at the same time that groundwater sampling technologies collected samples from the interior of the pipe. A total of seven trials were carried out at the standpipe. The trials included the collection of low (-20 |Jg/L) and high (-200 |Jg/L) concentrations of the six target VOC compounds in water at sampler depths ranging from 17 to 91 feet. A blank sampling trial and an optional "clean- through-dirty" test were also included in the test matrix. The "clean-through-dirty" test was included to investigate the potential of contaminant carryover as a sampler is lowered through a "dirty" (high VOC concentration) layer of water in order to sample an underlying "clean" (low VOC concentration) layer. The test was optional for samplers such as the SamplEase bladder pump, which is designed for permanent deployment in a single monitoring well. The standpipe trials were supplemented with additional trials at groundwater monitoring wells in the vicinity of sites with VOC-contaminated groundwater at the NASA Stennis facility. The technologies were deployed in a number of 2-inch and 4-inch wells, along with colocated submersible electric gear pumps as reference samplers. The principal contaminant at the onsite monitoring wells was trichloroethene. The onsite monitoring provided an opportunity to observe the operation of the sampling system under typical field-use conditions. All technology and reference samples were analyzed by two identical field-portable gas chromatograph- mass spectrometer (GC/MS) systems that were located at the test site during the verification tests. The GC/MS analytical method used was a variation of EPA Method 8260 purge-and-trap GC/MS, incorporating a headspace sampling system in lieu of a purge-and-trap unit. The overall performance of the groundwater sampling technologies was assessed by evaluating sampler precision and comparability with reference samples. Other logistical aspects of field deployment and potential applications of the technology were also considered in the evaluation. Details of the demonstration, including an evaluation of the sampler's performance, may be found in the report entitled Environmental Technology Verification Report: Clean Environment Equipment, SamplEase Bladder Pump, EPA/600/R-00/078. TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION The SamplEase is a bladder pump consisting of an internal flexible Teflon bladder that is positioned within a rigid stainless steel pump body. The ends of the pump are also constructed of Teflon. The inner bladder is equipped with one-way inlet and outlet valves and passively fills with water when the pump is at depth in the well as a result of the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the surrounding water column. Following the fill cycle, compressed air or nitrogen from a cylinder or compressor at the wellhead is driven down to the pump through tubing to compress the bladder, thus driving the water sample up to the surface through a second tubing line. The pumping sequence consists of repeated fill-compress cycles, using a pneumatic controller positioned at the wellhead. The controller is used to vary the duration and frequency of the fill-compress cycles in order to deliver the desired sample flow rate at the wellhead. The bladder design offers EPA-VS-SCM-42 The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement. August 2000 ------- the advantage of minimizing sample turbulence, which can result in loss of VOCs in the sample, as well as eliminating contact of the water sample with the compressed air or nitrogen used to lift the sample to the surface. Clean Environment Equipment offers a line of bladder pumps manufactured with various materials. The pump tested during this evaluation was the Model SP15T36, which uses polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) for the bladder and 316 stainless steel for the pump body, fittings, and intake screen. The pump and intake screen is 40 inches long. The pump diameter is 1.5 inches and its weight is 3.8 pounds. The pump has a maximum lift capacity of 500 feet, and flow rates are adjustable from less than 100 mL/min to over 5 L/min, depending on pump depth. The pump can draw samples from greater depths using an extended intake attached to the inlet of the pump. The Model SC250 controller is a mechanical controller used to regulate the flow of compressed nitrogen, obtained from a cylinder at the wellhead, to the bladder pump. The controller is weatherproof and is packaged in a durable case that can be easily hand carried. The controller has overall dimensions of 10 x 9 x 7 inches and a weight of 9.8 pounds. Drive air for the bladder pump can be delivered from compressed gas cylinders or from a field-portable gasoline- or electric-powered compressor. The bladder pump's list price is $630 and the controller lists at $1,550. An optional inlet screen is priced at $50. Teflon-lined polyethylene dual tubing is also a requirement for most VOC sampling applications and is priced at $1.30 per foot. VERIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE The following performance characteristics of the SamplEase bladder pump were observed: Precision: The precision of the sampler was determined through the collection of a series of replicate samples from 3 standpipe trials using low (-20 |Jg/L) and high (-200 |Jg/L) VOC concentrations at 17- foot and 91-foot collection depths. Each trial included 6 target VOCs for a total of 18 cases. SamplEase bladder pump precision, represented by the relative standard deviation, for all compounds at all concentrations and sampling depths evaluated in this study, ranged from 5.1 to 24.2%, with a median value of 11.7%. In 12 cases the relative standard deviation of the SamplEase bladder pump was greater than the reference, with SamplEase bladder pump precision less than or equal to reference sample precision in the other 6 cases. The F-ratio test was used to assess whether the observed precision differences were statistically significant. Test results showed that precision differences between the SamplEase bladder pump and reference samples were statistically insignificant at the 95% confidence level in 16 of 18 cases. Comparability with a Reference: SamplEase bladder pump results from the standpipe trials were compared with results obtained from reference samples collected at the same time. Both SamplEase and reference samples were analyzed by the same analytical method using the same GC/MS system. Sampler comparability is expressed as percent difference relative to the reference data. Sampler differences for all target VOC compounds at all concentrations and sampler depths in this study ranged from -16 to 31%, with a median difference of-5%. The t-test for two sample means was used to assess whether the differences between SamplEase bladder pump and reference sample results were statistically significant. These tests showed that in 13 of 24 trials, differences were statistically indistinguishable from 0% at the 95% confidence level. In the remaining 5 cases, statistically significant negative bias was not in excess of 16%. Versatility: Sampler versatility is the consistency with which the sampler performed over the range of target compound volatility, concentration level, and sampling depth. SamplEase bladder pump performance did not vary with changes in compound, concentration, or sampler depth. Thus, the SamplEase bladder pump is regarded as a widely versatile sampling device and applicable for sampling the types of VOCs likely to be encountered under actual field conditions. EPA-VS-SCM-42 The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement. August 2000 ------- Logistical Requirements: The sampler can be deployed and operated in the field by one person. One day of training is generally adequate to become proficient in the use of the system. The system requires a source of compressed air or nitrogen at the wellhead, such as a compressed gas cylinder or a gas- or electric-powered compressor. The SamplEase bladder pump is designed for dedicated use in a single monitoring well and is not intended for repeated deployment and retrieval in a series of wells. Overall Evaluation: The results of this verification test show that the SamplEase bladder pump and associated pneumatic controller can be used to collect VOC-contaminated water samples that are generally statistically comparable to reference samples when analyzed with the sample method. The system is designed for use in well sampling programs that incorporate low-volume purge methodologies. As with any technology selection, the user must determine if this technology is appropriate for the application and the project data quality objectives. For more information on this and other verified technologies, visit the ETV web site at http://www.epa.gov/etv. Gary J. Foley, Ph.D. Director National Exposure Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development Samuel G. Varnado Director Energy and Critical Infrastructure Center Sandia National Laboratories NOTICE: EPA verifications are based on evaluations of technology performance under specific, predetermined criteria and appropriate quality assurance procedures. The EPA and SNL make no expressed or implied warranties as to the performance of the technology and do not certify that a technology will always operate as verified. The end user is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state, and local requirements. Mention of commercial product names does not imply endorsement. EPA-VS-SCM-42 The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement. August 2000 ------- |