Model Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)
for EPA Sanitary Survey App for Marine and Fresh Waters
Prepared by:
Office of Water
October 2022
Revision 0
EPA 820-R-22-002
Disclaimer: This document does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, states,
authorized tribes, other regulatory authorities, or the regulated community. The inclusion of
companies and their products in this document does not constitute or imply endorsement or
recommendation by EPA.
EPA retains sole discretion as to what extent it will use data or information collected using
this QAPP model template. This document does not define, or otherwise limit, the purpose to
which participatory scientists may seek to apply their data or information.
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This document was prepared to support participatory scientists with the development of quality
assurance project plans (QAPPs) for their collection of environmental data and information using
the EPA Sanitary Survey App for Marine and Fresh Waters. The document provides a template
that participatory science groups could fill in with their own information in areas noted.
Additionally, participatory science groups could tailor this QAPP template based on the data and
information to be collected and as such, they may not need to fill out all the sections in the
template. This model QAPP could also be used as a guide to develop a QAPP for collecting
environmental data and information using paper versions of the sanitary surveys.
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Acknowledgements
This document was prepared by CDR Samantha Fontenelle and Bryan Ibrahim Goodwin in the
Office of Water (OW), Office of Science and Technology (OST), Standards and Health
Protection Division (SHPD). All inquiries about this document should be directed to
EPA_SanitarySurveyApp@epa.gov.
Acknowledgment also goes to the following individuals for their contributions in the preparation
and/or review of this document and for the knowledge and expertise including possible
approaches for developing the EPA's Sanitary Survey App QAPP — Shari Barash, Bill Kramer
and Menchu Martinez (OW/OST/SHPD); Heather Drumm (Office of Research and
Development); ErickBurres (California State Water Resources Control Board); Tonya
Bonitatibus and Dr. Dale Reddick (Savannah Riverkeeper); and Dr. Trey Sherard (Anacostia
Riverkeeper).
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[Include a document title page with the following information.]
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for [Insert project title]
Prepared for:
[Specify organization name]
[Specify organization address]
Prepared by:
[Insert names of QAPP preparers]
[Include document date]
Revision #
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[Note: A distribution list should be included with the original OAPP and any updates made to
the OAPP. The Quality Assurance Officer should be organizationally independent of the Project
Manager.]
Project Name: Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for [specifyproject
name]
Effective Date of Plan: [Insert date]
Name(s) who prepared the plan: [Insert name(s) of QAPP preparer]
Printed Name and Title: [Insert name of Program Manager], Project Manager
Signature and Date:
Printed Name and Title: [Insert name of reviewer of QAPP], QAPP Reviewer
Signature and Date:
Printed Name and Title: [Insert name of Quality Assurance Officer], Quality
Assurance Officer
Signature and Date:
Printed Name and Title: [Insert name of Quality Assurance Manager], Quality
Assurance Manager
Signature and Date:
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QAPP Revision History
[Note to QAPP writer: Include this section to document if the OAPP has been revised. The
following is an example of how to document the revisions to the OAPP.]
This Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) has been revised as necessary to reflect changes in
project organization, tasks, schedules, objectives, sampling design and methods, etc.
On [insert date 1J, the following changes were made to the QAPP:
• [e.g., Added new sampling sites to Figure 1 and Table 1.]
• [e.g., Changed key staff [specify] in the Section 15, Organization Chart.]
On [insert date 2], the following changes were made to the QAPP:
• [e.g., Updated project schedule in Section 4.]
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Table of Contents
I.0 Project Management 9
1.1 Problem Definition 9
1.2 Background 9
1.3 Project Description 9
2.0 Data Quality Objectives and Data Quality Indicators 11
2.1 Data Quality Objectives 11
2.2 Data Quality Indicators 12
3.0 Project Schedule 16
4.0 Training and Specialized Experience 16
5.0 Document and Records 18
6.0 Existing Data and Data from Other Sources 19
7.0 Sample Design and Data Collection Methods 19
7.1 SampleDesign 19
7.2 Methods 19
7.3 Location 20
7.4 Schedule 21
7.5 Quality Control 21
8.0 Sampling Handling and Custody 22
8.1 Sample Types 23
8.2 Sampling Methods 23
8.3 Sampling Safety 29
9.0 Equipment List, Instrument Maintenance, Testing, Inspection and Calibration 29
10.0 Analytical Methods 33
II.0 Field and Analytical Laboratory Quality Control Summary 33
12.0 Data Management 33
13.0 Reporting, Oversight and Assessments 34
13.1 Assessments and Response Actions 34
13.2 Reports to Management 34
14.0 Data Review and Usability 34
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14.1 Validation Methods 34
14.2 Verification Methods 35
14.3 Reconciliation With User Requirements 35
15.0 Project Organization Chart 36
16.0 Project Organization 37
17.0 Project Distribution List 39
18.0 Resources 39
19.0 References 40
List of Tables
Table 1. Water Quality Monitoring Locations 11
Table 2. Data Quality Indicator 14
Table 3. Project Schedule 16
Table 4. Volunteer/Staff Training Record 17
Table 5. Table of Records and Retention Times 18
Table 6. General Sample Collection Methods 25
Table 7. Field Sampling Considerations for Common Parameters 27
Table 8. Chain of Custody Form 28
Table 9. Example of Typical Instrument Calibration Procedures 30
Table 10. Example of Typical Supplies Inspection, Acceptance Procedures 32
Table 11. Project Organization for [Specify Organization Name] Monitoring Program 37
Table 12. QAPP Distribution List for [Specify Organization Name] Monitoring Program 39
List of Figures
Figure 1. Location of Sampling Sites 20
Figure 2. [Specify Watershed Organization Name] Monitoring Program Organization Chart.... 36
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1.0 Project Management
1.1 Problem Definition
Across the United States, recreational waters (which include coastal and inland recreational
waters) are polluted by a number of sources. Sewage treatment plant malfunctions, sewage
overflows, boating wastes and leaking septic systems are some of the many sources that
contribute to fecal contamination of water quality. Runoff containing sewage, animal waste,
fertilizer, pesticides, trash and other pollutants from construction sites, farms, and urban sources
(lawns and streets) during and after a heavy rain also often contribute to water quality
impairment. These sources of contamination can lead to poor water quality, beach advisories or
beach closures.
Waters containing human and non-human fecal waste create high risk environments for the
spread of waterborne diseases to those swimming and interacting with the water. Many
waterborne pathogens cause illnesses in humans and can pose a public safety risk.
1.2 Background
States, territories, and tribes conduct water monitoring in recreational waters to determine if
levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (e.g., enterococci oris, coif) exceed applicable water
quality standards or Beach Action Values (BAVs). When monitoring results show exceedances
of a water quality standard or B AV for pathogens or pathogen indicators, states, territories, and
tribes often issue a beach advisory that either warns people of possible health risks of swimming
or close the recreational waters to public swimming and similar water contact activities. Routine
monitoring of recreational waters can also identify waters impaired by other sources. However,
limited agency resources often lead to gaps in data collection. Water quality impairment can lead
to waters being listed on the CWA Section 303(d) list triggering the requirement to develop
Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) which are plans to reduce the pollutant loadings and
restore such waters.
The [specify organization name] has been working collaboratively with [if applicable, identify
collaborators - e.g., volunteers and state and local agencies/ to identify sources of pollution
impacting recreational waters in [specify city county, state] to improve water quality and protect
public health. Since [specify date monitoring program began], we have trained more than
[specify number] volunteers to conduct water quality monitoring in [specify city county, state].
Our volunteer monitoring program has identified numerous water quality problems allowing
state programs to prioritize and address pollution sources impacting these waterbodies. [Note: If
this is the first time conducting water quality monitoring, please revise this text accordingly.]
1.3 Project Description
[Note to OAPP writer: The project description below may be modified to describe the intended
purpose of the study -e.g., the project description could mention that data and information
would be collected in waterbodies not routinely monitored by a jurisdiction.]
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The purpose of this project is to conduct regular monitoring and sanitary surveys to determine if
[specify waterbodies or beaches being monitored] are meeting state water quality standards
and/or Beach Action Values (BAV). Our staff and volunteers will collect [specify frequency,
e.g., weekly or biweekly/ samples of recreational waters shown in Table 1. Staff and volunteers
will also collect environmental, weather-related, water quality, people, and pollution source
information to help identify possible sources of pollution impacting water quality. Sanitary
survey data will be collected using the freshwater or marine routine and annual surveys in the
EPA Sanitary Survey App for Marine and Fresh Waters. While these surveys are designed to
collect many different information or data types, there are only a few required fields {i.e.,
waterbody type, beach/waterbody name, survey date and time, surveyor name and affiliation and
QAPP requirement) in the app.
The minimum data fields in the app that volunteers for [specify organization name] will collect
are included in the Field Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) [Note to QAPP writer: In addition
to the required fields in the app, states tribes have the discretion to identify additional data fields
that also need to be collected. Field SAP should be developed by the watershed organization or
sponsoring agency before field work begins]. Generally, the data to be collected using the app
include the following [Note to OAPP writer: Specify below the sections and data fields in the
app that volunteers should collect. The first five items listed below are required fields in the app,
followed by examples of additional sections and data fields in the app that could be included in
the Field SAP.]:
• Waterbody type
• Beach/waterbody name
• Survey date and time
• Surveyor name and affiliation
• Submittal of QAPP requirement
• [identify additional fields in app and included in the Field SAP - e.g., Weather &
General Waterbody Conditions section (air temperature, wind speed, direction,
rainfall, wave, tides and currents)]
• [identify additional fields in app and included in the Field SAP - e.g., Water
Quality section (e.g., water temperature, water color, pH, turbidity)]
• [identify additional fields in app and included in the Field SAP - e.g., Bather
Load: # of Beach Users section and beach activities observed]
• [identify additional fields in app and included in the Field SAP - e.g., Potential
Pollution Sources section (e.g., discharge sources, floatable and debris, algae,
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), wildlife and domestic animals observed)]
Volunteers will be trained on the proper collection and transport of samples by the [identify
appropriate staff lead] prior to initiating water quality monitoring. Staff and volunteers will
collect water samples from [identify specific nearby recreational waters] and deliver them to the
[specify who will receive the water samples - e.g., watershed organization Monitoring
Coordinator]. The [specify appropriate staff lead - e.g., Monitoring Coordinator] will deliver or
ship water samples to an approved lab [specify name of approved laboratory] for analysis of the
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presence of E. coli (freshwater samples) or enterococcus (fresh and marine waters samples) using
EPA approved [specify methods] (refer to Section 10). [Note: Some organizations may choose to
train their volunteers to perform sample processing analysis using EPA approved methods]. The
[specify appropriate staff lead- e.g., Project Manager Lead] shall include the laboratory QA
documentation in the project records. [Note: All samples processed by the organization must
include the appropriate OA OC documentation.]
Table 1. Water Quality Monitoring Locations
[Note to OAPP writer. Include the following information for all the sites being monitored.]
Beach or Station ID
Waterbody/Beach
Name
Monitoring Location
GPS Coordinates
(degrees, minutes,
seconds)
[e.g., SiteOl]
[e.g.. Best Beach]
[e.g.. Near Sandy
Road]
[e.g.. Lot: 00° 00'00"
N
Long: 00°00' 00" WJ
[e.g.. Site02]
[e.g.. Fair Beach]
[e.g.. Near Dusty
Road]
[e.g., Lot: 00°00'00"
N
Long: 00°00'00" WJ
Include additional
sampling locations
—
—
—
2.0 Data Quality Objectives and Data Quality Indicators
2.1 Data Quality Objectives
Data quality objectives (DQOs) are qualitative and quantitative statements that clarify the
intended use of the data, define the type of data needed to support the decision, identify the
conditions under which data should be collected, and specify tolerable limits on the probability
of making a decision error because of uncertainty in the data (if applicable). Data of known and
documented quality are essential to the success of any project that involves data collection. Data
users develop DQOs to specify the data quality needed to support specific decisions.
The primary objective of this project is to collect water quality data and surrounding watershed
information of the appropriate type [specify, e.g., grab us. composite samples, bacteria samples
us. other water quality parameters (Section 8.0)], quality [specify per Table 2, Sections 7.5 &
11.0], and quantity [specify frequency - e.g., weekly or biweekly/ to help identify potential
sources of pollution, potential HAB events, and surrounding watershed information that may
impact recreational waters. The information to be collected is intended to be used [specify the
intended use, e.g., share with state or local beach programs, Department of Health, Department
of the Environment or Natural Resources to identify recreational waters not meeting water
quality standards or Beach Action Values; identify remediation actions needed; develop models
to predict daily recreational water quality; or facilitate watershed planning.]
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2.2 Data Quality Indicators
To determine whether the data quality objectives are being met, we have evaluated the following
Data Quality Indicators (DQI) for each parameter measured. Table 2 includes additional
information for the quantitative indicators (i.e., precision, accuracy and measure range) in the
routine surveys. [Note to OAPP writer: A number of these indicators in Table 2 (e.g., rainfall,
water temperature, algae, HABs) are also included in the annual surveys. The indicators in the
annual surveys not listed in Table 2 (e.g., erosion accretion measurements, beach dimensions,
distance of beach facilities, tides, tidal pool size, longshore and nearshore currents, etc.) should
be specified in the OAPP or SAP indicating how these measurements would be taken and
verified if they are collected. Refer to the Marine and Freshwater Sanitary Survey User Guides
for additional information on how these parameters should be measured. J The qualitative
indicators (i.e., representativeness, comparability, and completeness) are discussed below.
Precision is the ability of a measurement to consistently be reproduced. Repeated measurements
are usually used to determine precision. In the case of repeated measurements, one would see
how close those measurements agree. Precision is often measured as the relative percent
difference (RPD) or the relative standard deviation. Table 2 shows a list of precision objectives.
Precision is often evaluated by taking duplicate measurements for at least 10% of samples, where
applicable (Schoen and Warren, 2006).
Accuracy is a degree of confidence in a measurement. The smaller the difference between the
measurement of a parameter and its "true" or expected value, the more accurate the
measurement. Also, the more precise or reproducible the result, the more reliable or accurate the
result. Accuracy can be determined by comparing an analysis of a chemical standard to its actual
value. Table 2 shows a list of accuracy objectives. The accuracy of water quality monitoring is
usually assessed based on laboratory QC data or on the identification of biological samples by a
taxonomic expert (Schoen and Warren, 2006).
Representativeness is how well the collected data depict the true system. Most sampling
locations or monitoring sites will be selected to be representative of the waterbody. The timing
and frequency of sample collection will be based on gathering data that are representative of
target conditions (e.g., a range of water levels, weather, seasons, etc.) (Schoen and Warren,
2006).
Comparability is the extent to which data from one data set can be compared directly to another
data set. The data sets will have enough common ground, equivalence or similarity to permit a
meaningful analysis. The comparability of the data collected can be assured by applying
consistent procedures and approach to data collection.
Completeness is the amount of data that must be collected to achieve the goals and objectives
stated for the project. It is determined by comparing the amount of valid, or usable, data
collected to what was originally planned to collect. A goal of monitoring activities will be to
maximize completeness. At least 80% of the anticipated number of samples are typically
collected, analyzed, and determined to meet data quality objectives for the project to be
considered fully successful (Schoen and Warren, 2006).
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Measurement range is the range of reliable readings of an instrument or measuring device, or a
laboratory method, as specified by the manufacturer or the laboratory. The [specify the
appropriate staff lead - e.g., Project Manager Lead and or Monitoring Coordinator] will ensure
that proper calibration procedures are followed for each analytical method to ensure the accuracy
of the measurement data. Analytical instruments and equipment will be maintained and
calibrated according to SOPs based on the manufacturers' specifications and the requirements of
specific analytical procedures. Proper maintenance and calibration will ensure optimum
operating conditions throughout a measurement program. Each laboratory will have a program
for verifying the accuracy and traceability of calibration standards against the highest quality
standards available.
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Table 2. Data Quality Indicator
[Note to OAPP writer: Include the following information for all the parameters for which data is being collected. The entries below
are example parameters with associated accuracy, precision and measurement range information.]
Survey/App Section
Section
Parameter
Units
Accuracy"
Overall Precision (RPD)b
Approximate
Measurement Range
Freshwater and
Part 1
Rainfall
inches (rain gauge)
+/- 0.1 inch (in general)3
<20% between two different gauges for
0-3 inches per event
Marine Routine and
(Routine);
the same event
Annual Surveys
Part 4
(Annual)
Freshwater and
Marine Routine and
Annual Surveys
Part 2
(Routine);
Part 4
(Annual)
Water
temperature
Celsius degrees (°C)
+/- 1°C
<10% (between field duplicate samples
or readings)
0-35 °C
Freshwater and
Part 2
Turbidity
NTU
90-110% recovery of
+ 0.5 NTU if less than 1 NTU or
0-200
Marine Routine
turbidity std
20% RPD if more than 1 NTU
Surveys
Freshwater and
Part 2
Secclii disk
[specify units, e.g.,
+/- 0.1 meter (in general)
< 20% (between two different readers
0-5 meters
Marine Routine
Survey
depth
meters]
for same "sample")
Freshwater and
Marine Routine
Part 2
pH
pH
+/- 0.3
<20% (between field duplicate samples
or readings)
4-10
Survey
Marine Routine
Survey
Part 2
Salinity
ppt
+/- 1 ppt
< 20% (between field duplicate
samples or readings)
0-32 ppt
Freshwater and
Marine Routine
Part 2
Conductivity
Siemens(S)/cm
+ 5% of known QC std.
<20% (between field duplicate samples
or readings)
10-1000 fresh
800-50,000+ salt
Survey
water
Freshwater and
Marine Routine
Survey
Part 2
Dissolved
oxygen
[specify units, e.g.,
mg/IJ
+/- 0.5
<20% (between field duplicate samples
or readings)
0-12
Freshwater and
Part 4
Algae
Present or absent.
100% accuracy of visual.
N/A
N/A
Marine Routine and
Annual Surveys
(Routine);
Part 9
(Annual)
presence/
absence,
amount, type
and color
amount (in %) &
identify type and color
photographic or other
identification [specify
method of identification]
e.g., subject matter
expert (SAIE) /
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Freshwater and
Marine Routine and
Annual Surveys
Part 4
(Routine);
Part 9
(Annual)
Harmful
Algal Bloom
(HAB)
presence/
absence
Present or absent
100% accuracy based on
field guide, online
taxonomic guide,
photographic or other
identification [specify
method of identification,
e.g., by appropriate staff
lead or subject matter
expert (SAIE)]. [Note:
This is not a measure of
possible toxins in the
water, just visible
presence of HABs at the
time of monitoring. /
N/A
N/A
Freshwater and
Marine Routine and
Annual Surveys
Part 4
(Routine);
Part 9
(Annual)
Presence of
Dead Birds
Presence or absent &
identify species
100% accuracy of visual,
photographic or other
identification [specify
method of identification
e.g., by appropriate staff
lead or SME/
N/A
N/A
Freshwater and
Marine Routine and
Annual Surveys
Part 3
Land Use
Percent cover (%)
100% accuracy based on
[specify method of
identification - e.g.,
current land use map]
N/A
N/A
a Usually accuracy objectives are estimates assuming a true value were known and could be tested; all analytical accuracy objectives (i.e., for samples) include
non-detectable concentrations in ambient field blanks.
b For analytical samples, the objective for overall precision is typically based on the relative percent difference (RPD) of co-located, simultaneous field
duplicates.
Source: Schoen and Warren, 2006.
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3.0 Project Schedule
[Note to OAPP writer: Provide a Project Schedule that includes important project milestones
activities and work schedules. A list of the minimum milestones activities are provided below. If
the project is dependent on external funding sources (grants, contracts), you may want include
milestones related to funding activities such as "apply for grant funding", etc.]
Table 3. Project Schedule
Milestones/Activities
Group/Person responsible
for activity completion
Timeframe work
will be done
Define project scope (this may be
done in consultation with state or
local water quality monitoring
programs)
Identify sampling locations
Identify and select laboratory
Prepare Quality Assurance
documents, field SOPs and field
Sampling and Analysis Plan
(SAP)
Recruit volunteers {if necessary)
Conduct kickoff meeting with
volunteers
Train new and/or returning
volunteers
Conduct water quality monitoring
(weekly or biweekly) (collect
water samples and conduct
routine sanitary surveys)
Review data for quality and
completeness
Analyze data and take necessary
action and/or share data with state
recreational water quality program
and/or public health department
[Specify additional milestones]
4.0 Training and Specialized Experience
All volunteers will attend annual training prior to participating in any monitoring activities (such
as collecting water samples and sanitary survey data). The [specify who provides training - e.g.,
Monitoring Project Manager Lead or Field Training Lead] will provide training prior to the start
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of each sampling season, and as needed when new volunteers are added. Volunteers will receive
both classroom and field training on sampling requirements including proper use and
maintenance of all sampling equipment, sample collection, sample processing and handling, and
field documentation. Experienced volunteers will complete, at a minimum, annual field-based
training under the supervision of a [specify who provides training - e.g., Project Manager Lead
or Field Training Lead]. Experienced volunteers may be allowed, at the discretion of the trainer,
to review classroom presentation materials virtually (e.g., online/electronically) in lieu of
classroom training. Successful completion of annual training for each volunteer is measured as
either 100% classroom attendance or review of classroom materials, along with field
demonstration of the ability to conduct field activities (e.g., sample collection and processing,
chain of custody documentation, etc.).
All volunteers will either complete training on the EPA Sanitary Survey App for Marine and
Fresh Waters, or view the online training video available at https://www.epa.gov/beach-
tech/sanitary-surveys-recreational- waters, prior to using it in the field. Volunteers will also read
the QAPP, field SOPs, field SAP and other project documentation and acknowledge that they
have done so by signing the appropriate project documentation.
Field team members will follow applicable safety guidance from the [specify watershed or
sponsoring organization name]. Team members may also refer to the applicable sections of the
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) A Guide to Safe Field Operations to ensure personal safety
during sampling events. The [specify organization name] [specify appropriate staff lead- e.g.,
Quality Assurance (OA) Officer and or Project Manager Lead] are responsible for ensuring
these general training/certification requirements are satisfied and properly documented. Training
requirements can be documented in Table 4.
Table 4.Volunteer/Staff Training Record
[Note to OAPP Writer: Identify volunteer staff training, type of training andf'equency in
this table.]
Personnel/Group to be Trained
Description of Training
(Including Trainer(s))
Frequency of Training
[e.g., Volunteer or ambient water
quality monitors]
[Field sampling and OAPP]
[Annually]
[e.g., Volunteer laboratory
personnel]
[Sample Processing/Analysis]
[Annually]
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5.0 Document and Records
Volunteers will document data for each sampling event, e.g., beach/waterbody, environmental,
weather, water quality, people and pollution source information in the Freshwater Routine
Sanitary Survey and/or Marine Routine Sanitary Survey. Data will be collected using EPA
Sanitary Survey app. See https://www.epa.gov/beach-tech/sanitary-survevs-recreational-waters
for more information on the EPA Sanitary Survey app.
The surveys in the app will be downloaded to one's mobile device prior to going into the field to
collect data. The data from these electronic surveys are submitted to the EPA GeoPlatform.
Volunteers will download their data and submit the data file to the [specify who receives the
downloaded data and include his her location and email address - e.g., Project Manager Lead].
Project-related information will be kept electronically in project files organized by year and
managed by the [specify the appropriate staff lead - e.g., Project Manager Lead or designee],
[Note to OAPP writer: If paper sanitary surveys are used for data collection, the OAPP could
indicate that the completed paper surveys will be scanned and electronic copies saved in the
project folder]. Laboratory analytical results and supporting documentation will also be saved
electronically to the project folder. Miscellaneous records documenting instrument checks,
calibrations, and maintenance will be kept in a logbook. Photographs not taken with the app and
all paper copies of project-related forms, logs and notes (e.g., field logs, notes, chain of custody
forms, training acknowledgement forms, etc.) will be scanned and/or saved to the project files.
Project files will be maintained for a minimum of [specify retention time e.g., minimum of 3
years, or as directed by the sponsoring agency]. Electronic project files will be backed up and
protected from loss and damage. A copy or copies will be kept at an additional site (may include
cloud-based storage). Table 5 provides a list of documents/records and their retention time.
Table 5. Table of Records and Retention Times
Document/Record
Retention Time*
Form
OAPP
[specify]
Electronic
Field SAP
[specify]
Electronic
SOPs
[specify]
Electronic
Chain of Custody forms
[specify]
Electronic
Field data sheet/Laboratory results
[specify]
Electronic
lInclude additional pertinent records]
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6.0 Existing Data and Data from Other Sources
The app includes links to several websites including the National Weather Service, EPA's
BEACON and Water Quality eXchange (WQX) databases where weather data, beach IDs, and
sampling site IDs, respectively, can be obtained. Data do not automatically populate into the app
from these websites, they must be manually entered. [Note to OAPP writer: The website
resources can also be usedfor completing the paper surveys.] Additional informational
resources are provided in Section 18 [Note: If data information from websites are used, cite the
source and date site was accessed. OA OC for data obtainedfrom these sites is not required, see
Table 2.]
7.0 Sample Design and Data Collection Methods
[Note to OAPP writer: Section 7 is optional and only applies if water samples are being
collected when conducting sanitary surveys.]
7.1 Sample Design
Routine sampling activities include collecting water quality samples at sampling sites shown on
the map (Figure 1) and listed in Table 1. Samples will be collected [specify time(s) andday(s)
samples will be collected]. A sampling site with E. coli or enterococci results that exceeds the
water quality standard or B AV will be resampled on the next sampling day after receipt of
results, if possible. Each sample or batch of samples delivered or shipped to a laboratory will be
accompanied by sample chain of custody forms.
7.2 Methods
[Specify organization name\ volunteers will use standardized methods that adhere to specific,
state-defined procedures for sampling and trained personnel to ensure that samples are collected
consistently both between sampling locations and teams. Volunteers will collect water samples at
a consistent depth, [specify depth sample should be collected- e.g., either ankle or knee depth],
depending on the conditions at the recreational waterbody and the safety of the person(s)
collecting the sample. Volunteers will only use pre-sterilized sampling bottles [specify sampling
bottles size and type - e.g., polypropylene, polysidfone (Nalgene)] with appropriate preservative
if required, as provided for sample collection.
Before going into the field, volunteers will ensure that they have the necessary sampling
equipment, sufficient coolers and ice to properly store samples before shipping or transporting
samples to the lab, and they have downloaded the sanitary surveys onto mobile devices. A Field
Sampling Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) will be developed by [specify organization
name - e.g., Watershed Organization or sponsoring agency/ to ensure consistency in field
sample collection and processing. See section 8.0 for additional information on sample handling
and chain of custody.
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7.3 Location
[Note to OAPP writer: Include a map of the sampling locations/sites in Table 1. See below for
an example map. Map sources include USGS mapping tool and EPA's How's My Waterway./
<5>a
Powered by E<
Figure h Location of Sampling Sites.
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7.4 Schedule
Sample schedule and frequency will depend on funding. Samples will be collected and delivered
or shipped to the lab on a [specify frequency of sample collection - e.g., weekly, biweekly
schedule] from [identify sampling period-e.g., May through September].
7.5 Quality Control
[Note to QAPP writer: Quality Control (OC) consists of steps the organization should take to
determine the validity of specific sampling and analytical procedures. Quality assessment is the
organization's assessment of the overall precision and accuracy of the data, after conducting the
analyses.]
Quality control samples (e.g., field replicates, lab blanks, etc.) to be collected will be specified in
the Field Sampling SOP. It is standard practice to take field quality control samples for 10% of
all water quality samples collected. See section 11.0 for more information on field and lab QC
samples.
Internal checks will be performed by the project field volunteers, staff, and lab. [Note to QAPP
writer: Below is a sample list of Quality Control and Assessment Measures - Internal Checks
(USEPA, 1997). Include any internal check appropriate for the project]:
• Field Blanks: A trip blank (also known as a field blank) is deionized water which is
treated as a sample. It is used to identify errors or contamination in sample collection
and analysis.
• Negative and Positive Plates (for bacteria): A negative plate results when the buffered
rinse water (i.e., water used to rinse down the sides of the filter funnel during filtration)
has been filtered the same way as a sample. This is different from a field blank in that it
contains reagents used in the rinse water. There should be no bacteria growth on the
filter after incubation. It is used to detect laboratory bacteria contamination of the
sample. Positive plates result when water known to contain bacteria (such as wastewater
treatment plant influent) is filtered the same way as a sample. There should be plenty of
bacteria growth on the filter after incubation. It is used to detect procedural errors or the
presence of contaminants in the laboratory analysis that might inhibit bacteria growth.
• Field Duplicates: A field duplicate is a duplicate sample collected by the same team or
by another sampler or team at the same place, at the same time. It is used to estimate
sampling and laboratory analysis precision.
• Lab Replicates: A lab replicate is a sample that is split into subsamples at the lab. Each
subsample is then analyzed and the results compared. They are used to test the precision
of the laboratory measurements. For bacteria, they are used to obtain an optimal number
of bacteria colonies on filters for counting purposes.
• Spike Samples: A known concentration of the indicator being measured is added to the
sample. This should increase the concentration in the sample by a predictable amount. It
is used to test the accuracy of the method.
• Calibration Blank: A calibration blank is deionized water processed like any of the
samples and used to "zero " the instrument. It is the first sample analyzed and used to set
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the meter to zero. This is different fi'om the field blank in that it is sampled in the lab. It is
used to check the measuring instrument periodically for "drift" (the instrument should
always read "0 " when this blank is measured). It can also be compared to the field blank
to pinpoint where contamination might have occurred.
• Calibration Standards. Calibration standards are used to calibrate a meter. They consist
of one or more "standard concentrations " (made up in the lab to specified
concentrations) of the indicator being measured, one of which is the calibration blank.
Calibration standards can be used to calibrate the meter before running the test, or they
can be used to convert the units read on the meter to the reporting units (for example,
absorbance to milligrams per liter).
In general, field survey and laboratory data will be reviewed for quality control. The [specify the
appropriate staff lead - e.g., Project Manager Lead and or OA Officer I will conduct reviews
and make determinations for accepting, rejecting, or qualifying it. The [specify the appropriate
staff lead - e.g., Project Manager Lead and or OA Officer I will be responsible for addressing
corrective actions with the laboratory. Laboratory QA documents will be included in the project
files (refer to Section 5.0).
The [specify the appropriate staff lead -e.g., Project Manager Lead and or OA Officer] will
verify the accuracy of data transferred or entered from electronic sources into the app by
independently checking 10 percent of the surveys. All identified data transfer errors will be
corrected, and correction verified.
8.0 Sample Handling and Custody
[Note to OAPP writer: Section 8 is optional and only applies if water samples are being
collected when conducting sanitary surveys.]
8.1 Sample Handling
Sample handling procedures will be applied when water quality samples are collected for
laboratory analysis because proper sample collection, preservation, and storage are critical to the
accuracy of results of water quality analyses for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and satisfying
QA/QC requirements of state certification programs. To prevent sample contamination, project
sampling staff and volunteers collecting samples will avoid touching the insides of bottles or
lids/caps during sampling or wear disposable gloves.
Samples will be properly labeled in the field with the following:
• waterbody name
• sample location (note: Sanitary Survey app automatically geolocates sampling
locations).
• sample number
• date and time of collection
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• sample type (grab or composite)
• sampler's name
• method used to preserve sample
All volunteers collecting water quality samples will receive training by the [specify who will
conduct training - e.g., Project Manager Lead or Field Training Lead] on proper techniques for
sample collection, transportation and delivery. Any dropped or contaminated samples will be
promptly recollected and redelivered (whenever possible). Any disposable supplies including
sample bags, pipette tips, quanti-trays, quanti-bottles in contact with samples, will be disposed of
immediately after use. Caution will be taken to prevent sample contamination and damage to
sampling equipment.
Specific steps will be taken to avoid sample mislabeling and ensure label integrity. Sufficient
coolers and ice will be available to place samples promptly on ice for shipment or transport to
the laboratory.
All samples will be handled and transported in accordance with Field Sampling SOPs for each
indicator. Field Sampling SOPs will be developed by the [specify watershed organization name
or sponsoring agency] to ensure consistency in field sample collection and processing.
8.2 Sample Types
Volunteers will collect [specify if "grab " or composite] samples at the locations specified in
Figure 1. [Note to OAPP writer: If the watershed organization chooses to collect composite
samples, it will specify the number of samples in each composite in the Field Sampling SOP].
The [specify appropriate staff lead-e.g., Project Manager Lead] will coordinate with the
analytical laboratory to ensure that proposed sample collection procedures, in the Field Sampling
SOP, and all holding times meet the needs of the chosen laboratory.
8.3 Sampling Methods and Custody
All sampling equipment and sample containers must be cleaned according to the equipment
specifications and/or the analytical laboratory prior to sampling. Bottles supplied by a laboratory
are pre-cleaned and must never be rinsed, and will be filled only once with sample.
Field sampling SOPs will include guidance on sample collection methods including sampling
locations, depth and time of day samples will be collected. In general, volunteers will sample in
the most convenient and safest points of access. For example, stream samples may be collected
from pedestrian-friendly bridges with a line attached to a PVC bridge sampler or by accessing
the stream from the streambank. [Note to OAPP writer: Insert a table of sample collection
methods as Table 6;and sampling considerations as Table 7, see examples provided.].
Sample labels will be affixed to all sample containers and include the information specified in
Section 8.1. Chain of custody (COC) forms [Note to OAPP writer: see example COC in Table
8.] will be completed by monitoring staff and/or volunteers and included with all samples sent to
the lab for analysis. COC forms will also be signed by all individuals who gain custody of the
samples until they arrive at a lab. Monitoring staff and/or volunteers will ensure that the
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information on the COC forms agrees with the label information on the sample bottles. All
samples will be tracked, and their location known at all times.
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Table 6. General Sample Collection Methods
[Note to OAPP writer: This table only applies if water samples are being collected when conducting the sanitary survey. The
information below is provided as examples.]
Waterbody Type
Sample Type
Parameter(s)
Container Type(s)
and Preparation
Minimum
Sample
Quantity2
Sample Preservation
Maximum
Holding
Time
Rivers
Lakes
In-situ (pH strips,
thermometer, single
and/or multiprobes
- DO
- pH
- conductivity
- temperature
- other
Manual grab sample
TSS
Glass or Plastic
300 ml
Refrigerate/chill to
<6°C
- 7 days
Turbidity
Plastic
100 ml
Refrigerate/chill to
<6°C
48 hours
pH
HDPE
300 ml
Refrigerate/chill to
<6 C
Transport to lab
within 8 hours of
collection
E. coli
- Sterilized
HDPE/PP/glass
- Whirlpakbag
120 ml per
analyte
- Sodium thiosulfate if
chlorine residual
suspected
- Refrigerate/ chill to
<6°C
- Transport to lab
within 6 hours
- Analyze within 8
hours of
collection
Secclii disk
Secclii depth transparency
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Turbidity
Turbidimeters/nephelometers
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Rain gauge
Rainfall amount
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
In-situ
Not Applicable
Winkler bottle or
reagent kit
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
(manual)
"BOD" bottle
300 ml
- Fix immediately
- Refrigerate/chill to
<6 C
- Dark storage
DO meters
DO
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Velocity meter or
Flow meter
Water velocity and
streamflow
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Refractometer
Salinity
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
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Hydrometer
Conductivity meters
Conductivity
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Beaches
- lakes
- rivers
- coastal
In-situ (single and/or
multiprobes)
- DO
- pH
- conductivity
- temperature
- other
See above for Rivers/Lakes
Manual grab sample
- TSS
See above for Rivers/Lakes
- Turbidity
See above for Rivers/Lakes
- pH
See above for Rivers/Lakes
- E. coli
- Enterococci
See above for Rivers/Lakes
Secclii disk
Secclii depth transparency
See above for Rivers/Lakes
Rain gauge
- Rainfall amount
See above for Rivers/Lakes
Winkler bottle or
reagent kit
- Dissolved Oxygen (manual)
See above for Rivers/Lakes
Velocimeter or Flow
meter
- Water velocity and
streamflow
See above for Rivers/Lakes
Note: HDPE - high density polyethylene; PP - polypropylene.
Source: Schoen and Warren, 2006.
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Table 7. Field Sampling Considerations for Common Parameters
[Note to OAPP writer: This example table only applies if water samples are being collected when conducting the sanitary
survey. The information below is provided as examples.]
Waterbody Type
Sample Type
Parameter
Sampling Considerations
Rivers
Lakes
In-situ (single and/or
multiprobes)
- DO
- pH
- conductivity
- temperature
- other
- Sample at consistent time each day; however, DO best sampled in the very early morning (to
capture "worst case" conditions after darkness)
- Inspection, maintenance, pre-calibration and post-checking of probes are critical to achieving
accurate and precise measurements, especially for DO.
Manual grab sample
TSS
Avoid disturbing bottom sediments. Leave one inch of air in container to allow shaking before
analysis.
Turbidity
pH
Avoid stirring up bottom sediments. Collect sample under water surface. Fill to overflowing. Cap
while under water to avoid air in sample.
E. coli
- Sterile (new-sealed or autoclaved-sealed) bottle required.
- Place upright, capped sample bottle under the surface of the water about six inches. Do not rinse
bottle. Slowly uncap and let it fill to capacity under the water. With hands away from the bottle
opening, bring the bottle up and out of the water, pour sufficient water to leave approximately 1/2
inch air space in the bottle. Cap bottle and tighten.
- Latex gloves should be worn when sampling in waters suspected of contamination.
Winkler bottle or reagent
kit
Dissolved Oxygen
(manual)
Sample collected at surface with care to avoid entraining bubbles into the bottle. If bubbles get in,
empty and begin again. Sample is fixed immediately on site. Store in dark. Best sampled before
sunrise to capture "worst case".
Rain gauge
Rainfall amount
Develop and follow an SOP.
Refractometer
Hvdrometer
Salinity
Calibrate instrument to zero using distilled water before using
Velocity meter or Flow
meter
Water velocity and
streamflow
Due to the complexities involved in accurately estimating streamflow, streamflow measurements
using velocimeters should only be performed by experts. Staff gauge readings (that are
incorporated into a site-specific stage-discharge curve developed by experts) are more appropriate
for volunteer groups. Streamflow measurement for educational purposes is appropriate.
Beaches
- lakes
- rivers
- coastal
Manual grab sample
E. coli
Enterococci
Same as E.coli above.
Source: Adapted from Schoen and Warren, 2006.
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Table 8. Chain of Custody Form
[Note to OAPP writer: This example table only applies if water samples are being collected when conducting the sanitary
survey. The information below is provided as examples.]
Sampler's Signature: [Insert]
Organization: [Insert]
Name of Lab: [Insert]
Site ID/
Waterbody
Name
Sample IDs
Date &
Time of
Collection
Type of
Sample
Collected
#Bottles
Analyses
Comments
Relinquished by (print name and provide
signature):
Received by (print name and provide signature):
Sample condition when received (i.e., warm, cool,
frozen):
Date/Time:
Additional
Comments:
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8.4 Sampling Safety
When conducting field sampling, personal safety will be a primary responsibility for all field
staff and volunteers. No sampling will occur when personal safety is at risk. The [specify the
appropriate staff lead - e.g., Project Manager Lead and Monitoring Coordinator] will decide
whether adverse weather or other conditions pose a threat to safety of monitoring volunteers and
will cancel or postpone sampling when necessary. For safety reasons, sampling will take place in
teams of [specify team size, e.g., two or more]. Samplers will wear life vests when sampling
from boats or wading in waters under difficult conditions. Samplers will wear proper clothing to
protect against the elements, especially footwear and raingear. When sampling in rivers,
samplers will estimate flow and avoid sampling when conditions are unsafe, i.e., when river
depth (in feet) x velocity (feet per second) is 5 or greater (Note: 1.5 foot depth * 4 feet/second
velocity = 6 = unsafe conditions) (Schoen and Warren, 2006).
When sampling where HABs are suspected, use appropriate safety equipment, for example
gloves, eye protection (such as goggles), and waders/boots during sampling. Do not ingest water
or allow the water to come into contact with exposed skin. Avoid inhaling spray caused by boats,
wind or other water surface disturbances. If these conditions are present, wear a mask to avoid
inhalation of water spray. Hands should be washed thoroughly after sampling before eating or
drinking. Waders/boots should be rinsed before storage. Sampling crews should also watch for
and report any symptoms of exposure to cyanotoxins, which can occur immediately to several
days following exposure. Personal protective equipment should be rinsed between uses to help
avoid any potential cross-contamination of waterbodies if multiple waterbodies are sampled
using the same equipment. More information cyanotoxin monitoring can be found in
Recommendations for Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxin Monitoring in Recreational Waters.
9.0 Equipment List, Instrument Maintenance, Testing, Inspection
and Calibration
[Note to OAPP writer: Section 9 is optional and only applies if water samples are being
collected when conducting sanitary surveys.]
Prior to a sampling event, all sampling instruments and equipment will be tested and inspected in
accordance with the manufacturers' specifications. All equipment standards (thermometers, pH
meters, etc.) will be calibrated appropriately and within stated certification periods prior to use.
Regular inspection and calibration of field instruments will be conducted prior to the field season
[Note to OAPP writer: see example Table 9], Monitoring staff will document and ascertain that
required acceptance testing, inspection, and maintenance have been performed. Records of this
documentation will be kept with the instrument/equipment kit in bound logbooks or data sheets
(see Section 5.0). Contracted and subcontracted laboratories will follow the testing, inspection
and maintenance procedures as stated in the Field SAP.
Records to be maintained include equipment and reagents/calibration solutions inventory,
calibration records, and maintenance records.
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Table 9. Example of Typical Instrument Calibration Procedures
[Note to OAPP writer: This example table only applies if water samples are being collected when
conducting sanitary surveys.]
Instrument
Inspection and
Calibration
Frequency
Standard of Calibration of
Equipment Used
Corrective Action
Calibrated line (for
secclii disk, line
bailer)
Annually
Tape Measure
Recalibrate or replace with
calibrated line
Multi-probe meter
Before each sampling run
Standard solutions, according to
manufacturer's recommendations
According to manufacturer's
instruction.
pH meter
Before each sampling run
pH buffers 4.01 and 7 or external standards
Adjust instrument, clean
electrodes, replace electrodes
Thermometer
Annually
NIST certified thermometer
Replace or provide correction
factor
DO/other water
quality meter
Before each sampling run
Follow manufacturer's instruction. DO
meter: compare against Winkler titration
Replace membrane or correct
instrument
Electronic balance
(solids)
Before each sampling run
Use of certified inspection standards
Adjust and recalibrate
Conductivity meter
Before each sampling run
Known Standards
Adjust according to manufacturer's
recommendations
Turbidity meter
Before each sampling run
External standards
Adjust instrument
Flow meter
Before each sampling run
N/A
According to
manufacturer's instruction.
Also see Office of Surface
Water Tech Memo 99.06
Refractometer
Before each sampling run
Fresh water, 0 Salinity
Recalibrate, replace, repair as
needed
* External standards refer to standards of reliable quality obtained from reputable commercial or another supplier. Known standards refer
to those where the value is knownbefore calibration.
Source: Schoen and Warren, 2006.
The following is a list of some basic water quality field sampling supplies and equipment for any
volunteer field activity (USEPA 1997, 2021). Some of this equipment is optional but will
enhance the volunteers' safety and effectiveness. Table 10 includes a sample list of acceptance
procedures for supplies and equipment.
• Sample bottles or containers
• Sampling labels
• Chain of custody forms
• Cooler with ice
• Boots or waders; life jackets if you are sampling by boat
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• Personal identification (e.g., driver's license)
• Latex gloves
• Goggles/ Eye Protection (e.g., sunglasses)
• Hat
• Walking stick of known length for balance, probing, and measuring
• Bright-colored snag- and thorn- resistant clothes; long sleeves and pants are best
• Hand sanitizer
• Distilled water
• Paper towels
• Disinfectant surface cleaner
• First aid kit, flashlight, and extra batteries
• Whistle to summon help in emergencies
• Refreshments and drinking water
• Clipboard, preferably with plastic cover
• Pencils
• Tape measure
• Thermometer
• pH meter
• Conductivity meter
• Secchi disc
• GPS (note: Sanitary Survey app automatically geolocates sampling locations).
• Information sheet with safety instructions, site location information, and numbers to
call in emergencies
• Camera and charger, to document particular conditions (Note: The Sanitary Survey app
has photo taking capability and photo storage)
• Cellular phone, tablet or computer with downloaded sanitary survey app
• Paper copies of sanitary surveys (as backup)
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Table 10. Example of Typical Supplies Inspection, Acceptance Procedures
[Note to OAPP writer: This table only applies if water samples are being collected when conducting sanitary surveys.]
Supplies
Inspection Frequency
Type of Inspection
Available Parts
Maintenance
Reagents, titration
cartridges, alcohol
Before each sampling date
Visual inspection of quantity
and expiration date
Spare, fresh reagents/cartridges
Store according to manufacturer's
recommendations; replace annually
prior to start of sampling season
Calibration standards
Before each sampling date
Visual inspection of quantity
and expiration date
Spare, fresh solutions
Membranes, filters, bags
(e.g., Whirlpak, ziplock)
Before each sampling date
Visual inspection of quantity,
integrity
Spares
Store according to manufacturer
recommendations
Field and lab sample
sheets
Before each sampling date
Visual
Additional copies
--
Waders or life
preservers
Before each sampling date
Visual inspection for damage
Patch kit
As needed
Sample bottles
Before each sampling date
Verified sterility of bacterial
sample bottles, equipment or
reinstate blank for reused
bottles
One set of spare bottles
Clean after use
Cooler
Before each sampling date
Cleanliness, ice packs
—
Replace annually or as needed
Source: Schoen and Warren, 2006.
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10.0 Analytical Methods
[Note to OAPP writer: Section 10 is optional and only applies if water samples are being
collected when conducting sanitary surveys.]
The methods used by personnel in the [specify lab name] to analyze water samples for fecal
indicator bacteria density will be approved for monitoring of FIB in ambient water. EPA
approved methods for E.coli (for freshwater samples) or enterococcus (for fresh and marine
waters samples) [specify methods] in ambient water are available at https://www.epa.gov/cwa-
methods/approved-cwa-microbiological-test-methods. [Specify organization name] will follow
the state/tribal sponsoring agency methods.
11.0 Field and Analytical Laboratory Quality Control Summary
[Note to OAPP writer: Section 11 is optional and applies only if water samples are being
collected when conducting sanitary surveys.]
Water quality sampling will include field and lab quality control samples to assess general data
quality issues. It is standard practice to take field quality control samples for 10% of all water
quality samples collected. Example numbers of QC samples required to meet an approximately
10% rate are as follows (Schoen and Warren, 2006):
I-10 samples taken; 1 QC sample is processed.
II-20 samples taken; 1-2 QC samples are processed.
21-30 samples taken; 2-3 QC samples are processed.
Specific procedures for field and lab QC samples will be defined in the Field SAP or appropriate
SOPs. Lab QC protocols will be discussed with the lab prior to sampling to ensure acceptability.
12.0 Data Management
The [specify the appropriate staff lead -e.g., Project Manager Lead] will be responsible for
ensuring that all requirements for data management are met. All field data generated during this
study will be recorded, stored, and managed in accordance the organization's SOPs for data
management. One advantage to using the Sanitary Survey app is that all the data collected are
stored and can be managed on the EPA GeoPlatform. This data will be available to the staff and
volunteers of [specify organization name] who have completed surveys. Volunteers and staff
should export their data from the EPA GeoPlatform and either submit it to the [specify the
appropriate staff lead-e.g., Project Manager Lead] or upload to a project review folder for
QA/QC review.
A copy of sanitary survey data from the app or paper surveys generated at each site will be
maintained in the appropriate project folder organized by year (see Section 5.0). This data will
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be available to the staff of [specify organization name], [Specify organization name] will engage
with the state, tribal and local public health and environmental agencies and other community
partners to share data and identify areas of concerns.
13.0 Reporting, Oversight and Assessments
13.1 Assessments and Response Actions
Assessments may be conducted during the field investigation according to Category 2 projects,
to ensure the QAPP is being implemented as approved. Category 2 projects are defined in the
SESD Operating Procedure for Project Planning (USEPA 2007) as environmental studies of
moderate complexity that covers a limited area during a limited timeframe.
The [specify the appropriate staff lead - e.g., Project Manager Lead] is responsible for all
corrective actions while in the field. Any issues that may arise during sampling will be
documented in the logbooks. This documentation and any corrective actions taken will be used
to determine the overall quality and usability of the data. [Specify the appropriate staff lead -
e.g., Project Manager Lead] will review the data to determine whether it is acceptable. The field
sampling team will be notified of sampling issues and the corrective action taken.
Documentation of sampling issues and corrective actions will be included in the project
management files (See Section 5.0).
13.2 Reports to Management
Data collected using the Sanitary Survey app and QC laboratory sample will be provided to the
[insert sponsoring organization or Agency]. The [specify the appropriate staff lead, e.g., Project
Manager Lead] will also prepare a final report and provide quarterly preliminary results to the
sponsoring agency or to the management of [specify organization name]. The [specify the
appropriate staff lead-e.g., Project Manager Lead] will be responsible for notifying
stakeholders if any circumstances arise during the field study that may adversely impact the
quality of the data collected. Any problems noted during field sampling that could result in
unusable data will be addressed in the final report. Data that does not meet all method
requirements will not be reported but may be useful for problem identification and SOP
modifications.
14.0 Data Review and Usability
14.1 Validation Methods
[Note to OAPP writer: Data validation determines whether the data sets meet the requirements
of the project-specific intended use as described in the OAPP. That is, were the data results of
the right type, quality, and quantity to support their intended use? Data validation also attempts
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to give reasons for sampling and analysis anomalies, and the effect that these anomalies have on
the overall value of the data.]
Any actions taken to correct QA/QC problems in sampling, sample handling, and analysis will
be noted. Under the direction of the [specify the appropriate staff lead - e.g., Project
Manager Lead and or Project OA Manager], project staff will document any QA/QC problems
and QA/QC corrective actions taken. The [specify the appropriate staff lead - e.g., Project
Manager Lead or his her designee] is responsible for reviewing field log notebooks and field
data sheets for accuracy and completeness within 48 hours of each sample collection activity, if
possible. Sampling will be repeated if there are issues.
All laboratory data will be validated by the Laboratory QA Officer according to the laboratory's
QAPP and SOPs prior to issuing the laboratory report, and will become part of the laboratory's
permanent record. The rationale for any anomalies in the QA/QC of the laboratory data will be
provided to the [specify the appropriate staff lead - e.g., Project Manager Lead] along with the
data results. Completed COC forms (Table 7) will be returned by the laboratory to the [specify
who receives COC forms - e.g., Project Manager Lead]. Data will be qualified as necessary.
[Note to OAPP writer: Use of the app will avoid transcription errors from paper forms to
electronic files. However, when developing a OAPP for data collection using field log notebooks
and or data field sheets instead of the app, then the OAPP should include that the appropriate
staff lead will compare the app survey data with the field logs to ensure that no transcription
errors have occurred, and to verify project OC criteria have been met. The OAPP should also
indicate that the appropriate staff lead, if necessary, will decide if any OA OC corrective action
will be taken if the precision, accuracy (bias) and data completeness values exceed the project's
data quality objectives as defined in Section 2.2. Data that do not meet the data quality
objectives will not be used or if used, the problems with the data will be clearly defined, flagged
appropriately and data use clearly delimited and justified.]
14.2 Verification Methods
The primary goal of verification is to document that applicable methods, procedures and contract
requirements were met in field sampling and laboratory analysis. Verification checks will be
conducted to determine if the data are complete and if sampling and analysis were performed in
accordance with the QAPP, Field SAP and SOPs. Data verification is the responsibility of the
Project QA Officer. The Project QA Officer will verify at least 10% of generated project data.
14.3 Reconciliation With User Requirements
The [specify the appropriate staff lead -e.g., Project Manager and the Project OA Officer] will
review and validate data against the project's defined data quality objectives prior to final
reporting stages. If there are any problems with water quality sampling and analysis, the issues
will be addressed immediately, and changes will be made (if necessary) to sampling methods to
ensure that data quality objectives are met. The sponsoring organization will be notified and the
approved QAPP will be revised accordingly. Only data that has been validated and qualified, as
necessary, will be provided to the sponsoring organization.
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15.0 Project Organization Chart
[Note to OAPP writer: Include an organization chart with reporting structure for the
watershed organization. Figure 2 is a sample chart]
I SponsoringOrganization
(e.g., State/Tribal/Local
Agency
Figure 2. [Specify Watershed Organization Name J Monitoring Program Organization Chart
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16.0 Project Organization
[Note to OAPP writer: Include a table as shown below with project roles and responsibilities for
the watershed organization's monitoring program. Table 11 is an example table. Changes can
be made to this table without the needfor an immediate revision to the OAPP.]
Table 11. Project Organization for [Specify Organization Name] Monitoring Program
Name
Title
Organization
Responsibilities
[Enter Name]
Project
Manager/Lead
[Enter Organization Name]
The Project Manager/Lead is responsible
for managing the water quality monitoring
program; obtaining adequate equipment and
supplies; training personnel; managing the
volunteer sampling process; scheduling,
reporting, and taking constructive corrective
actions when required.
[Enter Name]
QA Manager
[Enter Organization Name]
The QA Manager is an individual with
adequate expertise in analytical chemistry
and field operations to review procedures
and data generated. When necessary, the
QA Manager consults outside experts,
including appropriate Federal, regional and
state agencies (e.g., Department of
Environmental Protection) on relevant
technical issues. The QA Manager ensures
that every provision of the QAPP is
conducted to the maximum extent
practicable. The QA Manager reports any
problems to the monitoring program Project
Manager/Lead after sampling events, and
works with the Project Manager/Lead to
document and correct any deviations,
consulting outside experts and
advisers as necessary. As appropriate,
significant deviations will be reviewed for
approval by signatories. The QA Manager
must be independent from project
execution.
[Enter Name]
Monitoring
Coordinator
[Enter Organization Name]
For a given sampling event, the Monitoring
Coordinator is responsible for organizing
and ensuring samples are collected and
processed for delivery to labs for analysis.
The Monitoring Coordinator receives
samples from volunteer samplers and
maintains proper preservation of samples
prior to transport to the lab. The Monitoring
Coordinator supervises volunteer monitors
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filling out chain of custody forms.
Volunteers should contact the Monitoring
Coordinator when sampling problems or
scheduling issues arise. The Monitoring
Coordinator is also responsible for
replenishing supplies for the monitoring
volunteers for the next sampling event. For
a given event, the role of Monitoring
Coordinator may be executed by the QA
Manager, Project Manager/Lead, other
trained staff members, or by a suitably
trained volunteer.
[Enter Name]
Field Training
Lead (if different
from Project Lead)
[Enter Organization Name]
The Field Training Lead trains and
evaluates monitoring volunteers and must
be familiar with the monitoring program
QAPP and other field documentation. It is
recommended that instructors who are not
trained staff members conduct at least one
year of independent sampling and field
analysis before assuming the role of Field
Training Lead. At the training, topics
discussed will include proper
sampling techniques and locations, safety,
and handling of samples.
[Enter Name]
Monitoring
Volunteers
[Enter Organization Name]
Monitoring Volunteers perform all field
measurements, complete all records, and
coordinate the actual collection of samples
during a sampling event. Volunteers are
required to read, understand, and perform
all procedures in the QAPP. In addition,
they are required to participate in the
monitoring program Training Program.
[Enter Name]
Sponsoring
Organization
[Enter Organization Name]
The Sponsoring Organization partners with
[specify organization name], and provides
guidance, technical and logistical support,
training, and quality assurance and field
sampling documentation.
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17.0 Project Distribution List
[Note to OAPP writer: Include in the table below project participants who should receive a copy
of the OAPP and supporting documents (e.g., SOPs). A link to or a copy of the OAPP must be
shared with EPA when using the Sanitary Survey app (refer to Part 2 of the surveys for OAPP
requirements).]
Table 12. QAPP Distribution List for [Specify Organization Name] Monitoring Program
Recipient/Title
Organization
Affiliation
Telephone
Number
Email Address
Project Manager/Lead
QA Manager
Monitoring Coordinator
Field Training Lead
Monitoring Volunteers
Laboratory Contact
Sponsoring organization
(e.g., state Agency) Contact
(if applicable)
Grant Project Officer (if
applicable)
US EPA
US EPA HQ
EPA_SanitarySurveyApp@epa.gov
18.0 Resources
[Note: the following resources are providedfor OAPP writer as additional potential sources of
information. The OAPP writer may decide to include these resources in OAPP for reference.]
The following are additional resources with information pertinent to water quality monitoring
that meet data quality requirements. Participatory scientist and volunteer water quality
monitoring organization staff should contact their state, tribal, or EPA regional quality assurance
staff for specific information or guidance.
• Volunteer Monitor's Guide to Quality Assurance Project Plans
• Quality Assurance Handbook and Guidance Documents for Citizen Science Projects
• EPA Sanitary Survey Website provides instructions and other resources on the app.
o Marine Sanitary Survey User Manual
o Freshwater Sanitary Survey User Manual
o Instructions for Obtaining Credentials and Accessing Surveys
o Data Export Tool Instructions
o Video demos:
¦ Freshwater Sanitary Routine Survey
o Playlist: Water Contact Sanitary Survey Workshop
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o Data Export Tool
• EPA Volunteer Stream Monitoring: A Methods Manual provides information and
guidance to program managers who want to launch a new stream monitoring program or
enhance an existing program. Volunteer Stream Monitoring presents methods that have
been adapted from those used successfully by existing volunteer programs.
• EPA Volunteer Estuary Monitoring A Methods Manual explains how to establish and
maintain a volunteer monitoring program, as well as working effectively with volunteers
and ensuring their safety.
• Georgia Adopt-A Stream (GAAS) is a statewide volunteer water quality monitoring
program in the Georgia Environmental Protection Division funded by an EPA Section
319(h) grant.
o Bacterial Monitoring Manual provides information on GAAS bacterial
monitoring program for E.coli.
o Visual Stream Survey Manual provides information on monitoring rivers and
streams.
o Macroinvertebrate and Chemical Stream Monitoring Manual provides
information on measuring physical/chemical parameters.
19.0 References
Chattahoochee Riverkeeper. 2012. Neighborhood Water Watch (NWW) Quality Assurance
Project Plan - An EPA Urban Waters Small Grant Program Funded Project.
Georgia Adopt-A-Stream. 2014. Bacterial Monitoring. Georgia Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental Protection Division. Atlanta, GA.
Georgia Adopt-A-Stream. 2014. Visual Stream Survey. Georgia Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental Protection Division. Atlanta, GA.
Georgia Adopt-A-Stream. 2015. Macroinvertebrate and Chemical Stream Monitoring. Georgia
Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division. Atlanta, GA.
Schoen, J and B. Warren. 2006. Massachusetts Volunteer Coastal Monitoring General Quality
Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). http://www.umass.edu/mwwp/pdf/general-qapp.pdf.
Accessed on April 9, 2021.
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. Volunteer Stream Monitoring: A
Methods Manual. EPA 841-B-97-003. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Water, Washington, DC.
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2007. Project Planning Operating Procedure.
Region 4, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory Services and Applied
Science Division, Athens, Georgia.
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USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Recreational Water Quality Criteria.
EPA 820-F-12-058. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington,
DC.
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2014. National Beach Guidance and
Required Performance Criteria for Grants, 2014 Edition. EPA-823-B-14-001. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2019. Recommendations for Cyanobacteria
and Cyanotoxin Monitoring in Recreational Waters, Revision 1. EPA 823-R-19-001.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2021. User Manual: Sanitary Surveys for
Fresh Water with Recreational Uses, EPA-820-B-21-002. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 1995. A Guide to Safe Field Operations, U.S. Geological
Survey Open-File Report 95-777. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-777/wq act.html.
Accessed on November 18, 2021.
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