&EPA

This Update Will
Tell You About

•	Completed site activities

•	U.S EPA's new project
manager

•	How you can obtain more
information about the site

•	The Natural Resource
Trustees

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Public Affairs
Region 5

77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, Illinois 60604

Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, Wisconsin

Feasibility Study Nears Completion for
Sheboygan River and Harbor Superfund Site

Sheboygan County, Wisconsin	November 1998

Introduction

This update will provide information
about the work completed to date at the
Sheboygan River and Harbor Superfund
site, the schedule for upcoming site ac-
tivities, and whom you can contact for
more information.

The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (U.S. EPA) will provide addi-
tional information regarding the site as
significant milestones are reached.

Site Background

The Sheboygan River and Harbor site
(See Location Map) includes the lower
14 miles of the Sheboygan River from
the Sheboygan Falls Dam downstream
to, and including, the harbor. This seg-
ment of the river flows through
Sheboygan Falls, Kohler, and Sheboygan
before entering Lake Michigan. The
Sheboygan River drains 280 square miles
in east central Wisconsin.

The river was divided into three sec-

Location Map

tions based on its physical characteristics
as part of the Remedial Investigation (RI)
of the site. The RI is a study to determine
the nature and extent of contamination.
The Upper River extends 4 miles from the
Sheboygan Falls Dam downstream to the
Waelderhaus Dam in Kohler. The Upper
River is 100 to 120 feet wide and typically
2 to 4 feet deep. The Onion River flows
into the Sheboygan River in this segment.

The Middle River extends 7 miles from
the Waelderhaus Dam to the railroad
bridge. The Middle River is approximately
100 feet wide and typically a few inches to
2 feet deep.

The Lower River extends 3 miles from the
railroad bridge to the Pennsylvania Av-
enue bridge in downtown Sheboygan. The
Lower River is approximately 150 feet
wide but widens to 300 feet wide near the
harbor. Depth ranges from 1 to 20 feet.

The Inner Harbor includes the Sheboygan
River from the Pennsylvania Avenue

Sheboygan
Point

Superior Ave

Kohler,

Memorial Rd.

Sheboygan
Breakwater
Light

Sheboygan

Union Ave.

Wilson Ave.

Washington Ave.

Sheboygan Falls

Sheboygan
Falls Dam

Kohler

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bridge to the river's outlet to the Outer
Harbor. The Inner Harbor is approxi-
mately 250 feet wide and its depth ranges
from 1 foot (near shore) to 20 feet. The
Outer Harbor is defined as the area formed
by the two breakwalls. The Outer Harbor
depth ranges from 1 to 28 feet. The
Sheboygan Marina in the Outer Harbor is
not part of the Sheboygan River and Har-
bor Superfund site.

Land use along the river is industrial and
residential in Sheboygan Falls. The Kohler
Company owns land adjacent to the river
in Kohler. Land use in this area consists of
a horse farm, tree nursery and the
company's historic River Bend property
and the Black Wolf Run golf course. The
800-acre, Kohler-owned River Wildlife
Area is on the south side of the river adja-
cent to the Upper and Middle River. The
wildlife area is used as a private hunting
and fishing club. Two landfills are lo-
cated adjacent to the Middle River. Land
use adjacent to the Lower River and Har-
bor is primarily commercial and indus-
trial with some residential areas.

The Sheboygan River is not used as a pub-
lic water supply but drains into Lake
Michigan, which is used as a drinking
water supply by Sheboygan, Sheboygan
Falls, and Kohler. There are no public
beaches along the river or harbor. There
is considerable seasonal fishing in the
Harbor and Lower and Middle River,
while fishing is more limited in the Upper
River. According to Wisconsin Depart-
ment of Natural Resources (WDNR) sur-
veys, most fishing occurs during spring
and fall salmon and trout runs. A fish
consumption advisory is in effect for
Sheboygan River fish. A similar fish con-
sumption advisory is in place for Lake
Michigan fish.

Site History

In 1969, the U.S. Army Corps of Engi-
neers detected heavy metals and other
pollutants in samples collected from
dredged sediment. In 1974, U.S. EPA
found elevated levels of lead, zinc, chro-
mium, and arsenic in Sheboygan Harbor
sediment. During routine sampling of fish
from the Sheboygan River in 1977, the
WDNR found elevated levels of polychlo-
rinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the fish. The
presence of PCBs and heavy metals was
confirmed in 1979 during harbor dredg-
ing.

In 1985, the Sheboygan River and Harbor
were proposed to be added to the Na-
tional Priorities List (NPL). The NPL is a
list of the nation's most serious uncon-
trolled or abandoned hazardous waste
sites. The site was officially added to the
NPLin 1986. In April 1986, U.S. EPAand
WDNR signed an agreement with
Tecumseh Products Company, one of
three parties potentially responsible for
the contamination, to conduct the RI and
Feasibility Study (FS) for the site. The FS
develops and evaluates alternative meth-
ods of addressing contamination. The
facility in Sheboygan Falls has been used
by Tecumseh and its predecessor to pro-
duce small engines since the 1950s. As
part of this operation, the use of PCB oils
led to the release of PCBs into the river.

Site Contamination

Tecumseh prepared the RI between 1987
and 1990. The results of the RI indicated
PCBs and eight heavy metals are the" con-
taminants of concern" in the river and
harbor sediment, with PCB concentra-
tions higher in the Upper River than in
downstream sections.

During the RI, several areas of the most
heavily contaminated sediment were
identified in the Upper River. U.S. EPA
determined that these areas should be
addressed as soon as possible. In 1990
and 1991, Tecumseh removed about 4,000
cubic yards of contaminated sediment
from these "hot spots." This sediment
was stored in two containment facilities
at Tecumseh's Sheboygan Falls plant. In
addition, approximately 1,200 square
yards of highly contaminated sediment
were capped or "armored" to prevent con-
tamination from entering the river.

After numerous pilot studies and tests of
possible cleanup methods, Tecumseh be-
gan work on the FS in 1996. U.S. EPA is
completing its review of the FS with the
results to be summarized in a proposed
plan fact sheet that will be sent to the site
mailing list in Spring 1999 (see "Upcom-
ing Schedule").

U.S. EPA and Tecumseh evaluated the
potential health risks of the contamina-
tion in 1990 and 1993. The 1990 and 1993
studies found that routine consumption
of fish from the river could pose a health
concern. Eating certain waterfowl also
posed a health concern according to these
studies. The 1990 and 1993 studies used

conservative consumption rates for fish
and waterfowl. These risks will be ad-
dressed in the upcoming proposed plan
for cleanup.

Natural Resource Trustees

U.S. EPA is the "lead agency" for the
cleanup of the Sheboygan River and Har-
bor and other similar Superfund sites. U.S.
EPA is given this authority under the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act.
However, CERCLA also gives several
other state and federal agencies responsi-
bility for protecting natural resources such
as land, fish, wildlife, air, and water. These
agencies are called "trustees" for these
resources and CERCLA requires U.S. EPA
to coordinate with them during Superfund
cleanups.

The natural resource trustees involved in
the Sheboygan River and Harbor cleanup
are the WDNR, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser-
vice (FWS), and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
U.S. EPA works with these agencies dur-
ing the assessments, investigations, and
planning for the Sheboygan River and
Harbor site. U.S. EPA also notifies the
trustees of negotiations with potentially
responsible parties. The WDNR and FWS
are trustees for fish and wildlife resources.

New U.S. EPA Remedial
Project Manager for
Sheboygan River and
Harbor Site

Tom Short, an engineer in
U.S. EPA's Office of Superfund has
recently replaced Steve Padovoni
as U.S. EPA's Remedial Project Man-
ager. Tom has been with U.S. EPA
since 1990 and has managed con-
tracts for several large Superfund
cleanup projects in Ohio, Michigan
and Illinois. Prior to working for
U.S. EPA, Tom was an engineer with
the Department of Defense for
7 years. Steve will continue to be
involved in the site over the next
several months to ensure a smooth
transition as a proposed cleanup
plan is developed.

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NOAA is the trustee responsible for com-
mercial interests related to the river,
namely the Sheboygan Harbor and navi-
gable portions of the Sheboygan River.

The trustees have been working with U.S.
EPA since May 1998 to include their inter-
ests in the proposed plan for cleanup of

the Sheboygan River and Harbor. The
trustees have met with U.S. EPA through-
out the summer to ensure that a proposed
cleanup plan is developed that includes
restoration of these resources. A Record
of Decision, the document outlining the
final cleanup plan, will also include these
elements.

Upcoming Schedule

Completed FS	Fall 1998

Proposed Cleanup Plan Spring 1999
Public Comment Period Spring 1999
Record of Decision Summer 1999

For Additional Information

Anyone interested in learning more about the Sheboygan River and Harbor Superfund site is encouraged to review site-
related documents available at the information repositories:

Mead Public Library

710 North 8 th Street
Sheboygan,WI

Sheboygan City Hall

828 Center Avenue, 2nd Floor
Sheboygan, WI

As previously mentioned, several state and federal agencies are involved in the Sheboygan River and Harbor Superfund
site. The following people may be contacted for more information:

Susan Pastor, P-19J
Community Involvement
Coordinator

(312) 353-1325
pastor.susan@epa.gov

U.S. EPA Contacts

Tom Short, SR-6J
Remedial Project Manager

(312) 353-8826
short.tom@epa.gov

State of Wisconsin

U.S. EPA Region 5

77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604
Toll Free: 1-800-621-8431
http:www.epa.gov/region5

The WDNR serves as a support agency to U.S. EPA on the Sheboygan River and Harbor site. The Wisconsin Department of
Health and Family Services works with U.S. EPA to assess public health risks related to the site.

Tom Wentland
Project Manager
WDNR

4041 North Richards Street
Milwaukee, WI 53212
(414) 229-0853
wentlt@dnr.state.wi.us

Henry Nehls-Lowe
Epidemiologist
Wisconsin Dept. of Health and
Family Services

1414 East Washington Avenue, Room 96
Madison, WI 53703-3043
(608) 266-3479
nehlshl@dhfs.state.wi.us

Natural Resource Trustees

WDNR, NOAA and FWS are natural resource trustees involved in the site.

Kathy Patnode
Trustee Representative
WDNR

P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI 53707
(608) 267-7974
patnok@dnr.state.wi.us

David DeVault
Trustee Representative
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Great Lakes Region

1 Federal Drive
BHW Federal Building
Ft. Snelling, MN 55111
(612) 713-5340

david_devault@mail.fws.gov

Todd Goeks, SR-6J
Trustee Representative
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration

77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 886-7527
crc5@hazmat.noaa.gov

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I	1

¦ Mailing List Additions	¦

| If you did not receive this fact sheet in the mail, you are not on the mailing list for the Sheboygan River and Harbor	i

I Superfund Site. To add your name, or to make a correction, please fill out this form and mail it to:	i

Susan Pastor

| U.S. EPA Region 5	|

I Office of Public Affairs (P-19J)	I

77 West Jackson Boulevard

I Chicago, Illinois 60604	I

Name	

Address _
Affiliation

Phone (Daytime) 	 (Evening)

I	I

Once you are on the mailing list, you will automatically receive information from U.S. EPA regarding the Sheboygan River and Harbor Site.

oEPA

Official Business, Penalty for
Private Use $300

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5

Office of Public Affairs (P-19J)
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, Illinois 60604

FIRST CLASS

ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED

Sheboygan River and Harbor Update

This fact sheet is printed on paper made of recycled fibers.


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