CAP88-PC Version 3.0 User Guide
Reid Rosnick, EPA Project Manager
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
Ariel Rios Building
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20460
By
Trinity Engineering Associates, Inc.
8832 Falmouth Dr.
Cincinnati, OH 45231-5011
December 09, 2007
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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Purpose 1
1.3 Model Summary 2
1.4 Validation 3
1.5 Limitations 3
1.6 Summary of Version 2.1 Changes from Version 2.0 4
1.7 Summary of Version 3 Changes from Version 2.1 5
1.8 Error Handling 6
2. GETTING STARTED 7
2.1. Installation of Version 3.0 7
2.2 Installation Notes: 7
2.2.1 Installation Procedure 8
2.3. Running Version 3.0 9
2.3.1 Initial Post-Installation Running of Version 3.0 9
2.3.2 Building an Example Data Set 9
2.4 Lninstall CAPSS-PC Version 3.0 21
3. FILE MENU 23
3.1 NewDataset 23
3.2 OpenDataset 23
3.3 Close Dataset 23
3.4 Save Dataset 23
3.5 Save Dataset As 23
3.6 Print Setup 23
3.7 Print Preview 23
3.8 Maintenance 24
3.9 File Maintenance 24
3.10 List Maintenance 24
3.11 Convert SCR File 24
3.12 Create INPUT.DAT File 24
3.13 Exit 24
4. RUN MENU 25
4.1 Execute 25
4.2 Scan Population File Format 25
4.3 Population File Editor 26
4.4 Population File Library 26
4.5 Scan Wind File Format 26
4.6 Wind File Library 26
4.7 Stability Array/Wind File Generator 27
5. NEW DATASET INFORMATION 28
5.1 New Dataset Information Form 28
6. SELECT DATASET INFORMATION 29
6.1 Select Dataset Form 29
7. PRINT/VIEW 30
7.1 Print/View 30
8. MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS 31
8.1 File Maintenance Operations Form 31
8.2 Select File 32
8.3 Save File As Form 32
8.4 Change List Information Form 33
9. DATASET DATA 35
9.1 Facility Data 35
9.2 Run Options 36
9.3 Meteorological Data 38
TOC. 1
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9.4 Source Data 39
9.5 Agricultural Data 40
9.6 Nuclide Data 41
10. DEFAULT FILE CHANGES 44
10.1 Purpose Of Default Value 44
10.1.1 User Changeable Defaults 44
10.1.2 Permanent Defaults 44
10.2 Changeable Defaults 44
10.2.1 Variable Names and Descriptions 44
10.2.2 Changing Default Values 46
10.2.3 Restoring DEFAULT.DAT Values 47
10.2.4 Alternative DEFAULT.DAT Files 48
10.3 PERMANENT DEFAULTS 49
11. CONVERTING WEATHER DATA WITH GETWIND 50
11.1 Purpose 50
11.2 Program Input 50
11.3 Program Output 50
11.4 Running GETWIND 50
11.5 Error Messages 51
12. MATHEMATICAL MODELS 53
12.1 Environmental Transport 53
12.1.1 Plume Rise 53
12.1.2 Plume Dispersion 54
12.1.3 Dry Deposition 57
12.1.4 Precipitation Scavenging 57
12.1.5 Plume Depletion 58
12.1.6 Dispersion Coefficients 61
12.1.7 Area Sources 62
12.1.8 Carbon-14 and Tritium 62
12.1.9 Rn-222 Working Levels 62
12.1.10 Ground Surface Concentrations 63
12.1.11 Buildup Factor Method 63
12.2 Dose and Risk Estimates 65
12.2.1 Air Immersion 66
12.2.2 Surface Exposure 66
12.2.3 Ingestion and Inhalation 66
12.2.4 Maximally-Exposed Individual 67
12.2.5 Collective Population 67
13. REFERENCES 68
Appendix A: Valid Radionuclides
Appendix B: STAR File Format
Appendix C: State Agricultural Productivities
Appendix D: Weather Data Library
Appendix E: Differences With Mainframe Versions of AIRDOS-EPA/DARTAB
Appendix F: Population File Format
Appendix G: Outputs fromMODTEST Sample Case File
Appendix H: MODTEST Case Input File
TOC. 2
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
On October 31, 1989 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued final rules for
radionuclide emissions to air under 40 CFR 61, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAPS). Emission monitoring and compliance procedures for Department of
Energy (DOE) facilities (40 CFR 61.93 (a) ) require the use of CAP-88 or AIRDOS-PC computer
models, or other approved procedures, to calculate effective dose equivalents to members of the
public.
The CAP88 (which stands for Clean Air Act Assessment Package - 1988) computer model is a set
of computer programs, databases and associated utility programs for estimation of dose and risk
from radionuclide emissions to air. CAP88 is composed of modified versions of AIRDOS-EPA
(Mo79) and DARTAB (ORNL5692). The original CAP88 model is written in FORTRAN77 and
has been compiled and run on an IBM 3090 under OS/VS2, using the IBM FORTRAN compiler, at
the EPA National Computer Center in Research Triangle Park, NC.
1.2 Purpose
The original CAP88-PC software package, version 1.0, allowed users to perform full-featured dose
and risk assessments in a DOS environment for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with 40
CFR 61.93 (a). CAP88-PC provides the CAP-88 methodology for assessments of both collective
populations and maximally-exposed individuals. The complete set of dose and risk factors used in
CAP88 is provided. CAP88-PC differs from the dose assessment software AIRDOS-PC in that it
estimates risk as well as dose, offers a wider selection of radionuclide and meteorological data,
provides the capability for collective population assessments, and allows users greater freedom to
alter values of environmental transport variables. CAP88-PC version 1.0 was approved for
demonstrating compliance with 40 CFR 61.93 (a) in February 1992.
CAP88-PC version 2.0 provided a framework for developing inputs to perform full-featured dose
and risk assessments in a Windows environment for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with
40 CFR 61.93 (a). The changes from version 2.0 to version 2.1 included the addition of more decay
chains, improvements in the Windows code error handling, and a modified nuclide data input form.
Section 1.6 provides a summary of the changes in Version 2.1 relative to Version 2.0.
CAP88-PC Version 3.0 is a significant update to the version 2 system. Version 3 incorporates dose
and risk factors from Federal Guidance Report 13 (FGR 13, EPA99) in place of the RADRISK data
that was used in previous versions. The FGR 13 factors are based on the methods in Publication 72
of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP72). . In addition, the CAP88-PC
database, the user interface, input files, and output files, were modified to accommodate the FGR 13
data formats and nomenclature. Section 1.7 describes the modifications incorporated into Version 3
relative to Version 2.1.
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1.3 Model Summary
CAP-88 PC uses a modified Gaussian plume equation to estimate the average dispersion of
radionuclides released from up to six emitting sources. The sources may be either elevated stacks,
such as a smokestack, or uniform area sources, such as a pile of uranium mill tailings. Plume rise
can be calculated assuming either a momentum or buoyant-driven plume. Assessments are done for
a circular grid of distances and directions for a radius of up to 80 kilometers (50 miles) around the
facility. The Gaussian plume model produces results that agree with experimental data as well as
any model, is fairly easy to work with, and is consistent with the random nature of turbulence.
There are a few differences between CAP88-PC and earlier mainframe versions of AIRDOS,
PREPAR and DARTAB. In particular, population assessments are easier to perform in CAP88-PC.
When performing population assessments, population arrays must always be supplied to the
program as a file, using the same format as the mainframe version of CAP88. Sample population
files are supplied with CAP88-PC, which the user should modify to reflect their own population
distributions. Population files for the mainframe version of CAP88 may be downloaded in ASCII
format and used with CAP88-PC. When performing population dose assessments, CAP88-PC uses
the distances in the population array to determine the sector midpoint distances where the code
calculates concentrations. Note that CAP88-PC only uses circular grids. When an individual
assessment is run, the sector midpoint distances are input by the user on the Run Option tab form.
Direct user input of radionuclide concentrations is not an option in CAP88-PC.
CAP88-PC has the capability to vary equilibrium fractions; previously they were set to a constant of
0.7. The new method varies the equilibrium fractions depending on the distance from the source.
Linear interpolation is used to determine the equilibrium fractions for distances that do not match
the set distances given.
Agricultural arrays of milk cattle, beef cattle and agricultural crop area are generated automatically,
requiring the user to supply only the State name or agricultural productivity values. When a
population assessment is performed, the arrays are generated to match the distances used in the
population arrays supplied to the code, and use State-specific or user-supplied agricultural
productivity values. The state name (standard two letter abbreviation) must be provided on the
Facility Data tab form. Users are given the option to override the default agricultural productivity
values by entering the data directly on the Agricultural Data tab form. If Alaska, Hawaii, or
Washington, D.C. is selected, agricultural productivity values are set to zero and must be provided
by the user.
CAP88-PC is also modified to do either "Radon-only" or "Non-Radon" runs, to conform to the
format of the 1988 Clean Air ActNESHAPS Rulemaking. "Radon-only" assessments, which only
have Rn-222 in the source term, automatically include working level calculations; any other source
term ignores working levels. Synopsis reports customized to both formats are automatically
generated. Assessments for Radon-222 now automatically include Working Level calculations
when only a single source term of Rn-222 may be used in this option. Input of any additional
radionuclides, even Rn-220, will cause CAP88-PC to omit working level calculations. Version 3
has not changed the "Radon Only" methodology relative to the previous versions 2.0 and 2.1.
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The calculation of deposition velocity and the default scavenging coefficient is defined by current
EPA policy. Deposition velocity is set to 3.5e-2 m/sec for Iodine, 1.8e-3 m/sec for Particulate, and
0.0 m/sec for Gas. The default scavenging coefficient is calculated as a function of annual
precipitation, which is input on the Meteorological Data tab form. Version 3 has not modified these
calculations.
Organs and weighting factors have been modified in Version 3 to follow the FGR 13 method. In
accordance with the FGR 13 dose model, the code now calculates dose for 23 internal organs, rather
than the 7 organs used in earlier versions. A '24th' organ is also calculated, which is the total
effective dose equivalent. The code now reports cancer risk for the 15 target cancer sites used in
FGR 13. As was the case in version 2, changing the organs and weights will invalidate the results.
1.4 Validation
The CAP88-PC programs represent one of the best available validated codes for the purpose of
making comprehensive dose and risk assessments. The Gaussian plume model used in CAP88-PC
to estimate dispersion of radionuclides in air is one of the most commonly used models in
Government guidebooks. It produces results that agree with experimental data as well as any
model, is fairly easy to work with, and is consistent with the random nature of turbulence. Version
3 has not modified the basic Gaussian plume algorithm used by the AIRDOS module of CAP88-PC,
and comparison cases between version 2 and 3 have shown no significant changes in the dispersion
calculations.
The Office of Radiation and Indoor Air has made comparisons between the predictions of annual-
average ground-level concentration to actual environmental measurements, and found very good
agreement. In the paper "Comparison of AIRDOS-EPA Prediction of Ground-Level Airborne
Radionuclide Concentrations to Measured Values" (Be86), environmental monitoring data at five
Department of Energy (DOE) sites were compared to AIRDOS-EPA predictions. EPA concluded
that as often as not, AIRDOS-EPA predictions are within a factor of 2 of actual concentrations.
1.5 Limitations
Like all models, there are some limitations in the CAP88-PC system.
While up to six stack or area sources can be modeled, all the sources are modeled as if located at the
same point; that is, stacks cannot be located in different areas of a facility. The same plume rise
mechanism (buoyant or momentum) is used for each source. Also, area sources are treated as
uniform. Variation in radionuclide concentrations due to complex terrain cannot be modeled.
Errors arising from these assumptions will have a negligible effect for assessments where the
distance to exposed individuals is large compared to the stack height, area or facility size.
Dose and risk estimates from CAP88-PC are applicable only to low-level chronic exposures, since
the health effects and dosimetric data are based on low-level chronic intakes. CAP88-PC cannot be
used for either short-term or high-level radionuclide intakes.
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1.6 Summary of Version 2.1 Changes from Version 2.0
Version 2.1.of CAP88-PC is an incremental change from Version 2.0, meaning that no significant
modifications were introduced to the algorithms for calculating transport, uptake, dose, and risk.
The changes have primarily been improvements to the Visual Basic code which performs the user
interface and data collection functions. Some small changes were made to the FORTRAN
calculation routines in order to accommodate variable input for humidity and to permit greater
numbers of nuclides in a dataset. Additionally, the database files that are part of CAP88-PC's data
management system have been updated to be more widely compatible with various versions of
Windows. Some important modifications to the CAP88-PC code in Version 2.1 include:
More extensive input field checking for valid values
An error handling routine has been added to provide a text file output of errors encountered
by the code. Most errors are now written to a file named 'YYYYMMDDErrorlog.txt',
where the date code refers to the date when the error occurred. This file will be located in
the CAP88-PC install directory
Many updates to the directory structure, which provide more installation flexibility and
better default initialization in the selection boxes for custom wind and population files.
Added an absolute humidity entry on the Met Data tab for site specific calculation of tritium
concentration in vegetables.
Added a user selectable distance and sector (JLOC and ILOC) option for the individual
assessment case. Setting these to non-zero values will cause the code to provide results for
the distance and sector indicated.
Increased the number of radionuclides allowed in a run to 120 from 36
Incorporated the Year 2000 patch needed by Version 2.0
Eliminated all third party functions and software packages that were in the Version 2.0
Visual Basic code
Eliminated the dialog box that asked the user if they wanted to use MS-DOS mode
Updated and shortened the initial splash screen
The toolbar is now located at the top of the window in accordance with Windows standard
practice
The data environment (the accompanying database) has been updated to Microsoft Access
for greater compatibility with Windows
The 'Open From File' option is provided to allow the user to open input datasets that have
not yet been included in the drop-down file list of available cases
The default directory locations for the wind and population library are now the default
install directories for these files.
The radionuclide entry method has been changed. Rather than enter data directly into the
Nuclide Data tab, the user now selects either Add Nuclide', 'Edit Nuclide' or 'Delete
Nuclide' from the buttons on the form. When 'Add Nuclide' or 'Edit Nuclide' are selected,
a new data entry form containing all selectable data for the nuclide is presented.
A new ' Save and Close' button is available on the Nuclide Data tab of the input data form.
The user interface for Version 2.1 was built in Visual Basic 6.0, and the install package was made
using InstallShield 7.2. The installer technology has been updated and tested with all Windows
versions from 95(b) to XP. It will now check for some necessary Windows components, such as
DCOM and Windows Scripting, and will install these if needed. This has eliminated the
requirement for a separate installation of the DCOM98 module.
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1.7 Summary of Version 3 Changes from Version 2.1
Version 3 of CAP88-PC is a significant update to the previous version 2.1. Version 3 incorporates
all the Version 2.1 updates listed in Section 1.6, along with the following additional modifications:
• Expansion of the nuclide database to 825 nuclides, including all FGR 13 decay chains
• Full implementation of the FGR -13 decay chains using a modified Bateman solution
• Calculation of the build-up factors on a case-specific basis for all isotopes in all chains
• Incorporation of the new FGR 13 dose and risk factors
• User-selectable analysis time period (default 100 years to maintain consistency with
previous versions)
• User-selectable length of the decay chains (default to 5 to maintain consistency with
previous versions)
• User-selectable time step length for the calculation of build-up factors (default to 1 day for
maximum accuracy for cases involving isotopes with short half-lives)
• Elimination of the calculation of Genetic Effects
• Dose factors are now a function of radionuclide chemical form, wherever that is included in
the FGR 13 database
• Organ dose equivalent is now calculated for 23 internal organs
• Cancer mortality risk is calculated for 15 cancer sites
• The radionuclide inhalation absorption 'Class' terminology has been replaced by the new
'Type' nomenclature. The new types are F (fast), M (medium), and S (slow), and are
analogous to the older classes D (day), W (week), and Y (year).
• All particulate sizes are 1.0 micron per the FGR 13 model data, except gases and vapor
forms which are 0.
• Default values for all radionuclide inputs are included; these defaults correspond to the
recommended values from FGR 13 wherever a recommendation was available.
• The radionuclide transfer factors for all elements in the CAP88-PC database have been
updated to the values from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement
(NCRP) report number 123 (NCRP123).
• The nuclide input form has been modified to allow selection of the nuclide absorption type
and the nuclide chemical form wherever dose factors based on multiple values of these are
included in the database
• The code now contains additional data for:
o Age dependent dose factors
o Dose factors for additional pathways such as drinking water ingestion and external
exposure from multiple depths of soil contamination,
o Dose factors for external exposure to infinite clouds
o Cancer morbidity risk factors in addition to mortality risk factors
Although much of this information is now included in the CAP88-PC model, Version 3 of the code
still reports data in the same formats and nomenclature as were used in the previous versions. This
has been done to retain conformance of the model to the applicable regulation, 40 CFR Part 61
Subpart H. Accordingly, the dose factors used in version 3 for reporting dose to the maximum
exposed individual and the populations are the values in FGR 13 for adults. The risk values
reported by Version 3 are those for mortality, not morbidity. It is important to note that, because of
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the extensive data modifications, Version 3 does not allow the use of case input files created under
earlier versions to be used as input for Version 3. Previous POP and WIND files are still useable.
1.8 Error Han dling
Version 3 of CAP88-PC contains an internal error logging and tracking system. In the case of
internal code errors, the code will write a file named YYYMMDDERRORLOG.TXT into the
directory where CAP88-PC version 3 was installed. Sending this file to the EPA representative
listed on the splash screen will facilitate troubleshooting.
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2. GETTING STARTED
2.1. Installation of Version 3.0
The CAP88-PC Windows version 3.0 can be downloaded from the following EPA web site:
http://www.epa.gov/radiation/assessment/CAP88/index.html
Follow steps 1-4 in section 2.2.1 if you have an existing installation of an earlier beta version of
CAP88-PC version 3.0. If you do not have an existing installation of CAP88-PC version 3.0 then
begin with step 5. CAP88-PC creates the following directory structure during a default installation:
St D:\Program Files\CAP88 PC30
File Edit View Favorites Tools Help
Q Back ~ ) ~ jM Search Folders
JnJ_x
X*Q OS-
Address _? D:\Program Files\CAP88-PC30
¦d a go
Data Datasets Output Popfiles Poplib Star WindLib Wndfiles AIRDOS.EXE
• ~ ~ ~ ~ £ *| 3 §
CAP8830.exe DARTAB.EXE DEFAULT.EXE STARDOE.EXE WINDGET.EXE DFORRT.DLL QueryNuc.dll FGR13PAK.INI BLANK.DAT
CHEMDATA.... DEFAULT.DAT Input.Dat REFA.DAT F77L3.EER If90.eer F12TIH1.EXT F12TDB.EXT F12TIII7.EXT
RUNINFO FGR13ING.GDB cap88pcw.GID FGR13JNH.HDB CAP88PCW.... FGR13CD.NDX DEFAULT.PER INPLJTPOP FGR13EXT.RB5
FGR13ING.RBS ;FGR13INH.RBS| If90.cer CAP88PCW.INF AIRDOS
DARTAB DEFAULT STARDOE WINDGET
i 0 i § §
LibPOPHELP.... LibWindHELP.... ReadMe.txt INPUT.WND input.works
2.2 Installation Notes:
CAP88-PC Version 3.0 will not install properly under Windows 95a, Linux, or Unix.
If you are running Windows NT, 2000, XP, or Vista we strongly recommend that you be
logged on with administrative privileges to properly install CAP88-PC Version 3.0.
We recommend that you disable all virus scanners prior to installation.
The new installation program eliminates the need for a separate installation of DCOM98.
Installation of DCOM98 and the Windows Scripting engine are included in the installation
package. Installation of these Windows components may require rebooting the system
during the installation process.
The procedure in Section 2.2.1 assumes you have an existing installation of CAP88-PC
Version 3.0. If you do not have any existing installations begin at step 5.
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Steps 5 and 6 assume you are installing the software after downloading the CAP88-PC
Version 3.0 ZIP archive. If you are installing from a CD then you may skip steps 5 and 6.
2.2.1 Installation Procedure
1. Save any user created input or output files that are in the 'Datasets' and 'Outputs'
subdirectories of the previous install. Do not save the CAP88$ files as these are included in
the install package.
2. Save any user generated wind or population files that are in the 'Popfiles' or 'Wndfiles'
subdirectories of the previous install.
3. Uninstall any previous beta versions of CAP88-PC version 3.0.
4. Delete the directory structure from the previous install.
5. Create a temporary directory and download the .ZIP archive or self-extracting .EXE archive
to the temporary directory.
6. Extract the files in the archive to the temporary directory. (Note - we recommend using a
temporary directory as a location for the setup files rather than the directory where you
intend to install CAP88-PC Version 3.0 to facilitate removal or archiving of the setup
package following installation)
7. Run the SETUP.EXE program contained in the install package or on the CD. We
recommend using the default installation directory for CAP88-PC Version 3.0. The install
package will create the installation directory, and will also create a set of subdirectories
underneath the installation directory. Please see section 2.1 of this document for a
description of the directory structure created by the CAP88-PC Version 3.0 installation
routine (this structure is not changed from Version 2.1, other than the top level name).
8. As part of the installation, SETUP will install the Windows Scripting System and, for users
running a WIN9x operating system, may install DCOM98 if it is not detected as already
installed on your system.
9. Accept the Windows Scripting installation and the DCOM installation if they are requested
by SETUP. If these are installed and you are running Windows 95b, 98, or ME, you may
need to reboot during the CAP88-PC installation.
10. Copy any saved input files from step 1 into the new 'Datasets' subdirectory if you wish
them to be readily available in the new version.
11. Copy any saved output files to the new 'Outputs' subdirectory if desired.
12. Copy any .WND or .POP saved during step 2 into the 'Windlib' or 'Poplib' subdirectories of
the new CAP88-PC directory.
13. If you are running Windows 95b, 98, or ME, we recommend rebooting after the installation
is completed. This may not be necessary under Windows 2000 or Windows XP.
14. Restart any virus scanner software that was disabled during installation of CAP88-PC.
We recommend placing your previously saved wind and population files into the library
subdirectories rather than the 'Wndfiles' or 'Popfiles' subdirectories, because the code will treat
these initially as new files. The default open locations in CAP88-PC Version 3.0 for new wind or
population files are the 'Windlib' and 'Poplib' subdirectories, not the 'Wndfiles' or "Popfiles'
subdirectories, so this will make the files more readily accessible the first time you use them in the
new installation. The code will subsequently save these files in the 'Wndfiles' and 'Popfiles'
subdirectories after you select them for a run and perform a save of the case.
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2.3. Running Version 3.0
The installation package of CAP88-PC Version 3.0 ships with two pre-existing input files, named
CAP88DEF.dat and MODTEST.dat, along with the associated output files for those input datasets.
The input files and their backup file (e.g. CAP88DEF.dat and CAP88DEF.bak), reside in the
'Datasets' subdirectory of the installation directory. Output files are still written into the 'Output'
subdirectory in the same formats as under Version 2.0 and Version 2.1.
2.3.1 Initial Post-Installation Running of Version 3.0
When running Version 3.0 for the first time, no input datasets are included in the dropdown file
selection list. In this instance, when selecting , , the user will receive a
message box stating "Nothing to Open!". The user has a choice to create a new dataset, or open an
existing input dataset from a file. If the user selects to open an existing file, a listing of the
available files that reside in the 'Datasets' subdirectory is provided in the directory navigation
window. The user may select one of these, or may navigate to another directory and select an input
file from there. Once the dataset is created either by manual entry or by opening an existing file,
perform a save of the dataset. This dataset will then be included in the drop-down file list for
opening and for executing the case.
2.3.2 Building an Example Data Set
1. Start the code by double-clicking on the desktop icon or by using the icons installed on the
, , location on the Windows start menu. After the initial splash
screen, you will be at the following screen:
File gun Help
¦ I_d|bs|hI Iml&l i b I ?l
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Note that in many cases the input screens have not changed from those in Version 2.1, so these
screens are still applicable to these examples.
2. Select from the menu bar, then to begin creating a new CAP88-PC case.
Enter the information for Dataset Name, Dataset Filename, and the two comment fields, and then
click . Dataset Name must less than or equal to sixteen (16) characters, and Dataset Filename
less than or equal to eight (8) characters. The comment fields are now optional; entries in each field
must be less than fifty (50) characters.
v CAP88-PC Version 3.
File Run Help
^Jnj_xJ
J22
D
a
¦ m a |j£
IS"
if
PT
up
¦
3
?
New Dataset Information
~ rive
Directories
_Jd:
jProgram Files
_jCAP88-PC30
EE
Enter Dataset Name
|Sample Data
Enter Dataset Filename
[Samplel
Comments
Sample Dataset osing
Co-60, U-238+chain, 1 stack]
OK
Cancel
3. The next screen is the initial tab of the main form used to provide dataset information to CAP88-
PC. The form consists of six tabs; each tab provides fields of related data. The user fills in these
fields to build the dataset for the case being analyzed. This particular tab, shown here, is used to
provide descriptive information regarding the facility being modeled. Providing the sample case
data to this tab results in the following screen.
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uij.wMwmmu
File Run Help
- n x
~
?y|ig|*Wg|Mlal j_
Data set Name :test
Facility Data ] Run Options | Met Data | Source Data ] Agri. Data | Nuclide Data
Facility |Test Facility
Address
5432 The Street
City |Mayberry
State Ohio
~T] Zip |45231
Emmission "Tj
Comments
Source A Stack
Test Run Using Co-60 and U-238 Chain
1 Stack, Pop run
4. Select the tab, which will display the fields for selecting the type of run for this
dataset (population or individual), for selecting the population file, and for selecting the type of
output files for the run. For this sample dataset, select the data as shown in the figure below. Note
that when the radio button for Population File Directory is selected, the file selection control is a
drop down list of the population files that have been extracted into CAP88-PC's data environment.
If the Custom Population File button is selected, then the file selection control allows selecting a
population file by navigating to any file location. The initial default directory for the Custom
Population File selection is the POPLIB subdirectory of the CAP88-PC Version 3.0 installation
directory. The example case below shows a custom population file.
Also note that the Build-up time in years can be specified on this form. The default value of 100
years is the value specified in the basis model for CAP88-PC assessment (theNUREG 1.109
approach). Using a value other than 100 years in this field will invalidate the run for compliance
purposes. The option to change this field is provided only to permit future use of the code for
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File Run Help
m|_d] ^|g |
r|s?Mll3l ?l
Dataset Name :Sample Data
Facility Data { Run Options | Met Data ] Source Data | Agri. Data | Nuclide Data
<• Wind File Directory C Custom Wind File
|03813 | MACON/LEWIS B WILSON | 1988,1989,19_»J
Annual Precipitation: |
Annual Ambient: j
Height of Lid: |
Absolute Humidity:
100.
9.84
1000
(cm/year)
(Celsius)
(meters)
(grams/cu meter)
For this sample dataset, do not use the Wind File Directory button, since no wind file applicable to
Columbus Ohio has been extracted into the CAP88-PC data environment. Select the Custom Wind
File button to change the file selection control to one that will permit selecting a wind file from a
separate directory. The tab should now display as follows:
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File Run Help
m|_d] ^|g |
r|s?Mll3l ?l
Dataset Name :Sample Data
Facility Data { Run Options | Met Data ] Source Data | Agri. Data | Nuclide Data
Annual Precipitation:
Annual Ambient:
Height of Lid:
Absolute Humidity:
100.
9.84
1000
8.
(cm/year)
(Celsius)
(meters)
(grams/cu meter)
Click the button to di splay a list of wind files stored in the Windlib subdirectory of the
CAP88-PC Version 3.0 installation directory. Select the file named 14821.wnd, and the following
sub-screen should result:
14
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Locate Wind File
jjj, and the file should be selected for use as the input wind file. The tab
should now appear as follows:
CAP88-PC Version 3.0
File Run Help
Dataset Name :test
Facility Data j Run Options ] Met Data | Source Data Agri. Data ] Nuclide Data
Annual Precipitation:
Annual Ambient:
Height of Lid:
Absolute Humidity:
100.
9.84
1000
8.
(cm/year)
(Celsius)
(meters)
(grams/cu meter)
15
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6. Select the tab to enable the fields that describe the physical parameters of the
release. This sample dataset only uses a single stack release, but up to 6 sources can be selected.
Note that although CAP88-PC allows up to 6 different sources, all sources must be of the same type
(area or stack). Also, CAP88-PC models the sources as being co-located, i.e. they have the same
physical center point. The displayed screen should be as follows after all data for the sample
dataset have been entered:
*V CAP88 PC Version 3.
File Run Help
^Jnijo
M|j3|ag|aldj 3|a
Dataset Name :test
Facility Data | Run Options | Met Data | Source Data; Agri. Data [ Nuclide Data
7. The next tab to be selected is the tab, which allows entry of the food pathway
information for the dataset. The various options for the food sources determine the fraction of the
food products grown either local to the analysis location, within the overall assessment area, or from
outside the assessment area. Foods produced outside the assessment area are considered in the
CAP88-PC code to be uncontaminated. The populated fields for the sample dataset will result in a
screen appearing as follows:
16
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v CAP88-PC Version 3.
File Run Help
- BJ *J
D. it B if
^13
Dataset Name :test
Facility Data [ Run Options f Met Data | Source Data } Agri. Data | Nuclide Data
EPA Food Source Scenarios
® Urban C Rural C Local C Regional Imparted Entered
Vegetable
Milk
Meat
Fraction home produced:
0.076
0
0.008
Fraction from assessment area:
0.924
1
0.992
Fraction imported:
0
0
0
Beef cattle density:
Milk cattle density:
Land fraction cultivated for vegetables:
2.030e 01 (#/km2)
4.560e-02 (#f/km2)
1.700e-02
8. The final tab to be selected is . This tab has been modified from Version 2.0 to
include a button, and, more significantly, to add a sub-form where all additions
or modifications to radionuclide data is performed. Initially, the tab will have the
following appearance:
17
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@ CAP38-PC Version 3,0
11 a
File Run Help
¦ |_d|^|b |af|£
mm
Dataset Name :ManSam
Facility Data Run Options | Met Data Source Data Agri. Data Nuclide Data!
Number of Radionuclides:
-1-1
Time Step Days |l
Limit Daughters
(7 Set Chain |5
Radionuclide Data For Source 1
NUCLIDE
Rel. Rate (Ci/vr)
SIZE
Type
Chem. FORM
-
Modify Nuclides
Add
Nuclide
Edit
Nuclide
Delete
Nuclide
Note the fields for Time Step Days and for Set Chain. Time Step Days is the number of days for
each time step that will be used by CAP88-PC for calculating the build-up factors. Longer time
steps will shorten the build-up factor run time, but may reduce the accuracy of the build-up factor
calculation. In general, the length of the time step should not be greater than 10% of the shortest
half-life (in days) of the isotopes with non-zero release rates for any source. For build-up times
greater than 1 year the time step length need be no shorter than 1 day. Time step lengths over 100
days are not recommended unless only isotopes with half-lives over 1000 years are in the input list
for all sources.
If the check box under Limit Daughters is unchecked, all isotopes in each decay chain will be
included in the build-up factor, dose, and risk calculations. If the check box is checked, the Set
Chain option allows the user to specify the maximum depth of the isotope chain that CAP88-PC
will use in the analysis. Chains shorter or equal in length to the Set Chain value will be fully
analyzed as if there was no chain limit. Chains longer than the Set Chain value will be truncated to
the length specified. NOTE: It is strongly recommended to never set the chain length less than
3. Eliminating all daughters (e.g. a chain length of zero) will eliminate consideration of all progeny
from the dose calculation. In many cases, such as Cs-137, much of the dose is actually derived
from the short half-life daughter isotope that typically exists in secular equilibrium with the named
parent isotope. Setting the Chain Length to zero will eliminate calculation of the dose from the
short half-life daughter. The default of 5 is consistent with older versions of CAP88-PC.
18
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For this case, leave the default values for Set Chain and Time Step Days. To begin adding nuclides,
click , which displays the nuclide data entry sub-form displayed in the next graphic.
Add/Edit Nuclide
Nuclide
Release Rate (Ci/Y)
FGR13 Chern. Form
Size
FGR13 Type
Enter/Add Another I Enter-Close
Use the Nuclide drop down list to select the first nuclide to be included in the analysis, which in the
sample case is Co-60. After the nuclide is selected, the remaining four nuclide data fields are
activated. Enter the release rate for the radionuclide (in Curies per year) from the currently selected
source. Use 100 Ci/yr for the sample dataset. Note that in this example only one source tab is
available on the form.
Select the particle size, type, and chemical form of the nuclides from their respective drop down
lists. The only options available for the nuclides are those that are included in the CAP88-PC data
environment, which is derived from the data contained in the FGR 13 dose and risk coefficient files
used by CAP88-PC. Since two primary radionuclides are used in the sample dataset, select
Repeat the selection process for U-238.
Add/Edit Nuclide
Nuclide
Release Rate (Ci/Y)
FGR13 Chern. Form
Size
FGR13 Type
Enter/Add Another I Enter-Close
Co-60
100.E+00
unspecified
i 3
M ~ |
Cancel
U-238| T]
100.E+00
unspecified
T 3
M ~ |
Cancel
19
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When adding U-238, a prompt will appear asking if you wish to add the rest of the U-238 decay
chain.
In Chain
2d
Nuclide U-238 is part of the Chain.
Do you wish to enter the rest of the chain?
Yes
No
Add the decay chain for the sample problem dataset by clicking . Then select
to terminate entry of radionuclides and return to the tab. If
is erroneously used, clicking will terminate entry of nuclide data but will not remove the
previously entered information.
The tab should now appear as follows:
File Run Help
ll^ly erlffl
Eg* Sf
Dataset Name :ManSam
Facility Data | Run Options Met Data Source Data Agri. Data Nuclide Data
Number of Radionuclides: E
-1-|
Time Step Days 1
Limit Daughters
| |7 Set Chain [5
Modify Nuclides
Add
Nuclide
Radionuclide Data For Source 1
NUCLIDE
Rel. Rate (Ci/vr)
SIZE
Type
Chem. FORM
Co-GO
100.E+00
M
unspecified
U-238
100.E+00
M
unspecified
Th-234
0.0E+00
S
unspecified
Pa-234m
0.0E+00
M
unspecified
Pa-234
0.0E+00
M
unspecified
U-234
0.0E+00
M
unspecified
Edit
Nuclide
Delete
Nuclide
20
-------
Nuclide data may be modified using the button. Drop down lists will be available
for data fields that have options in the FGR 13 database.
I Add/Edit Nuclide
Nuclide
Th-234
Release Rate (Ci/Y)
O.OE+CC
1
FGR13 Chem. Form
[unspecified
Size
I1 zl
1
FGR13 Type
|S ¦
F
M
S
1
Once the data has been completely entered, click to return to the initial startup
form for CAP88-PC Version 3.0. At this time the dataset has been saved as the file named
samplel.dat in the Datasets subdirectory of the Cap88-PC Version 3.0 installation directory. The
case may be run by selecting , and from the menu bar. Select the [Sample Data]
dataset from the Dataset Name dropdown list, and then click . Output files will be written to
the Output subdirectory, and are viewable within the code environment by clicking on the icon on the button bar and selecting [Sample Data] from the dataset name dropdown list.
2.4 Uninstall CAP88-PC Version 3.0
The Uninstall process will uninstall only those files that were installed with CAP88-PC Version 3.0.
Any extracted or created Population and Wind Files, as well as any Datasets and Output Files, will
not be deleted. Uninstall is best performed using the Add/Remove Programs option in the Control
Panel.
21
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-------
3. FILE MENU
3.1 New Dataset
Open a New Dataset by providing descriptive information in the New Dataset Information form and
selecting OK. A set of six tabbed forms appears to assist in the preparation of an input file (dataset)
containing the data needed to execute CAP88-PC.
3.2 Open Dataset
An existing dataset is selected and opened for review and modification. If the dataset name does
not appear in the dataset list (down arrow), use the Maintenance option to locate and Restore an
existing dataset.
3.3 Close Dataset
Close the open dataset without making any changes. Data revisions for a current session are made
to a copy of the dataset. If Close Dataset is selected, the dataset will not have been updated,
possibly resulting in a loss of data. If a New Dataset was opened, it will have been created and
added to the dataset list, but will not have any data revisions saved.
3.4 Save Dataset
Save all data and any changes made to the opened dataset, using the filename of the opened dataset.
The data entry tab forms are then closed. The user must save or close a dataset before the dataset
may be used to execute the CAP88 Model (see Run/Execute).
3.5 Save Dataset As
Save all data and any changes made to the opened dataset, using the filename provided by the user.
This operation creates a new dataset and a new file. The filename must be unique, or the file with
the same name may be overwritten, with user approval.
3.6 Print Setup
This is a standard Windows form for reviewing and setting printer options. The Floating Toolbar
can not be selected or moved when this form is open.
3.7 Print Preview
Select Print Preview to display and print CAP88-PC output reports. The output reports have the
same filename as the dataset, but with CAP88-PC standard file extensions. Use the tabs on the Print
Preview form to move from one report to another. Use the scroll bar to scroll down or up to view
each report. When the Print Current View option is selected, the entire report shown in the tab
window is printed. To print several reports at once, check the report boxes and choose the Print
button.
23
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3.8 Maintenance
There are two maintenance options, File Maintenance and List Maintenance. These options assist
the user in archiving, deleting, restoring, and renaming Datasets, Population Files, and Wind Files,
as well as maintain the lists that describe the Population Files and Wind Files.
3.9 File Maintenance
This menu item assists the user in archiving, deleting, restoring, and renaming Datasets, Population
Files, and Wind Files. File Maintenance will perform the indicated operation and also maintain the
file selection lists used in the data entry portion of the program. If the Windows File Manager is
used to perform these operations, files selected from drop down lists may not be found.
3.10 List Maintenance
This menu item assists the user in maintaining Location Descriptions and Census Dates or
Reference Dates, for Population Files and Wind Files, respectively. Select each file name and enter
or revise descriptive information, then select OK to update the lists. If Cancel is selected, the lists
will not be updated.
3.11 Convert SCR File
Use this option to locate, read, and reformat a dataset file (.SCR) that was created using the CAP88-
PC Version 1 (DOS) program. CAP88-PC Version 3.0 stores and reads dataset files in the format
of the INPUT.DAT file that is read by the FORTRAN programs comprising the CAP88 Model.
Note that this conversion will not allow version 1.0 input sets to be run under version 3.0.
3.12 Create INPUT.DAT File
Some users may prefer executing the CAP88 FORTRAN programs from Windows by using a shell
to DOS. In this case, the user may select this option to write the required input for the FORTRAN
codes DEFAULT, AIRDOS, and DARTAB for the selected dataset to a file named INPUT.DAT in
the CAP88-PC working directory. (The working directory can be viewed in Windows by selecting
the File/Properties menu item when the CAP88-PC 3.0 icon is highlighted.) The user then may exit
Windows and, from DOS, change directory (CD) to the working directory and run the following
programs to generate desired output (this order is mandatory for proper results):
DEFAULT,
AIRDOS,
DARTAB
After successful completion of these three programs, return to CAP88-PC Version 3.0 to view
(Print Preview) the output files or view them from any text viewer. The output files will be in the
OUTPUT subdirectory with the same name as the case input file, but different file extensions.
3.13 Exit
Close all files and exit the CAP88-PC Version 3.0 program. Any open dataset should be saved or
closed to exit the program properly.
24
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4. RUN MENU
4.1 Execute
This option runs the CAP88-PC model. Before actually executing the assessment, the program will
check to make sure that you have selected the following items in the dataset: a State, a Population
File (if the run is a population assessment), a Wind File, and at least one Radionuclide. If the
preceding items are present, the program will execute the selected dataset by shelling out to DOS to
run the FORTRAN programs DEFAULT, AIRDOS, and DARTAB. If one or more of the required
data items are missing, a message will be displayed so you will know to modify the dataset
accordingly. If, for some reason, a Population File or Wind File has been selected but no longer
exists, a message will be displayed and the programs will not be executed. Note that the user may
elect to just use the Windows interface to create the input file for that case, and then run the
programs DEFAULT, AIRDOS, and DARTAB from the DOS environment. In this case, see
Create INPUT.DAT File in section 3.12 for instructions.
4.2 Scan Population File Format
This menu item reads the indicated Population File and determines if the data is in proper format.
No guarantees are made to the correctness of the data, though the distance increments are checked
to be consecutively increasing.
The Population File Editor can be used to create or modify a Population File and maintain the
proper file format. The Population file format should be as follows:
Row 1 should have a dollar sign ($) in the first column. The location description, latitude, and
longitude on row 1 are for information only to verify that the file desired is the file the user has
selected. The number of distances associated with the population file must be in columns 68 and
69. The number of distances may be any integer between 2 and 20; single digit distances (2-9)
should be in column 69.
Distances begin in row 2 and all numbers are right justified. The number of distances found in the
file will be the number specified by NRAD. The distances are edgepoints of each sector (the
midpoints used in the calculations will be calculated by the program) and are entered in the
population file in kilometers. The CAP88 programs will multiply each distance by 1000 before
calculating the midpoints and using them in the assessment. For example, the first distance in the
sample file, .62 kilometers, will become 620 meters and the midpoint calculated from that will be
310 meters. There can be up to 20 distances, but the typical number of distances is 13. Only
distances up to 80 kilometers should be used. The assessment is not valid for distances above 80
kilometers.
The population values are entered with distances across (columns) and directions down (rows);
however, each row will not be a new direction. There will be 20 distances for each direction
(regardless of the number of distances specified in the population file). The extra distances (usually
7) will simply contain zero. There will always be 8 population values per row with the first value
ending at column 10 and each subsequent value ending at multiples of 10 with the last value per
row ending in column 80. This means that for the direction N, the population values will be
contained on the first, second and part of the third row of the distance-direction population values.
25
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The first population value for the next direction, NNW, will be contained in columns 41 through 50
of the third row and subsequent values for direction NNW will be contained on the remaining part
of the third row, the fourth, and part of the fifth row. There are 16 directions in counterclockwise
order starting with North.
4.3 Population File Editor
This utility program assists the user in creating or displaying a Population File. An 'empty'
Population File, TESTDATA.POP is provided as a template for building a properly formatted
Population File. Any Population File intended for use with a CAP88-PC dataset should be able to
be read, displayed, or printed by this program.
4.4 Population File Library
This utility program provides Population Files that were distributed with CAP88-PC Version 1.
The files in the library are stored in a compressed format. Choose a location from the grid by
clicking (highlighting) the grid row and download the Population File by selecting the Extract
button. The Extracted Population File is in the proper format to be used by CAP88-PC.
4.5 Scan Wind File Format
This menu item reads the indicated Wind File and determines if the data is in the proper format. No
guarantees are made as to the correctness of the data, though the sum of frequencies is checked.
Frequencies should sum to 1.0000, within a tolerance of 0.0005 for rounding. The format of a Wind
File is as follows:
Record 1 - three hexadecimal file marks are written by the GETWIND program. This record is
ignored.
Record 2 - average wind speed (not used). [0000.00000]
Record 3 - wind direction frequency totals for each of the 16 wind directions. [0.0000] The
numbers on this record should sum to 1.0000 within a tolerance of .0005 for rounding.
Records 4 through 10 - each record has 16 reciprocal-averaged wind speeds, for each of the 7
stability categories. [0.000]
Records 11 through 17 - each record has 16 true-averaged wind speeds, for each of the 7 stability
categories. [0.000]
Records 18 through 33 - each record has frequencies for the 7 stability categories, for each of the 16
wind directions. [00000.0000] The numbers on these 16 records should sum to 1.0000 within a
tolerance of .0005 for rounding.
4.6 Wind File Library
This utility program provides Wind File data for many National Weather Service (NWS) stations in
a compressed format. The Wind File Library also contains the meteorological data issued with
CAP88-PC Version 1. Choose a weather station from the grid by clicking (highlighting) the grid
row and download the station file by selecting the Extract button. The Extracted Wind File is in the
proper format to be used by CAP88-PC.
26
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4.7 Stability Array/Wind File Generator
The STAR Distribution Program assists the user in extracting and processing National Climactic
Data Center (NCDC) or site-specific meteorological data based on several popular methods. Each
of the processing methods creates a Stability Array file (.STR) that is then used to create a Wind
File for input to CAP88-PC. If the user is not an experienced meteorologist-modeler, it is strongly
suggested that the user work with a meteorologist-modeler to prepare NCDC or on-site
meteorological data for input to CAP88-PC.
There are 96 records in the Stability Array file, one for each of the 16 wind directions (N, NNE, NE,
ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW, and NNW) and Stability Category
(A-F) Sixteen records are entered for Stability Category A, then Stability Category B, etc., through
Stability Category F. Stability Classes used for CAP88-PC are: A - extremely unstable, B -
unstable, C - slightly unstable, D - neutral, E - slightly stable, and F - stable.
All records are of the same format. The total of all the frequencies entered on the 96 records should
add to 1.00000 within a tolerance of .05 percent. The format of a Stability Array (STAR) record
follows:
Column 1 is blank.
Columns 2-4 contain the wind direction, right justified (E would be in column 4, and NE would be
in columns 3 and 4). Column 5 is blank.
Column 6 contains the Stability Category, A through F.
Column 7 is blank.
Columns 8-14 contain the frequency for winds 1-3 knots (for example 0.00041).
Columns 15-21 contain the frequency for winds 4-6 knots.
Columns 22-28 contain the frequency for winds 7-10 knots.
Columns 29-35 contain the frequency for winds 11-16 knots.
Columns 36-42 contain the frequency for winds 17-21 knots.
Columns 43-49 contain the frequency for winds greater than 21 knots.
Once a Stability Array file has been created, use the button Create Wind File for CAP88-PC to run
the program which converts the STAR file to a Wind File for input to CAP88-PC. A common
dialog box will appear for the user to identify the STAR file to be converted. The Create Wind File
option runs the program WINDGET.EXE. WINDGET.EXE is identical to the GETWIND.EXE
program used by CAP88-PC Version 1, but is now compatible with the filenames and pathnames
provided by the call from a Windows program.
NOTE: File names for the *.str files used as input to the STAR conversion program must be less
than or equal to 8 characters before the .str extension. Output file names that are longer than 8
characters before the extension will be truncated.
For the format of a Wind File, see Scan Wind File Format.
27
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5. NEW DATASET INFORMATION
5.1 New Dataset Information Form
Use this form to locate, name, and describe the dataset to be created. A new dataset is created, even
if the user later closes a file without saving changes.
Drive, Dataset
Select a drive that the new dataset will be copied to. The current drive is suggested. Choosing a
network drive or a floppy drive that will not always be available to the program will create an error
if the drive is not found when the dataset is selected again for modification or execution.
Directory, Dataset
Select a directory that the New Dataset will be copied to. The datasets subdirectory in the program
directory is suggested. Change the directory chosen by double-clicking on the main directory and
selecting the desired subdirectory.
Name, Dataset
Enter a Dataset Name, up to 20 characters; do not use apostrophes or double quotes. This name will
appear in the drop down list on the Select Dataset screen, and in the label of the data entry tabbed
forms. The Dataset Name should be descriptive enough to allow accurate selection of a Dataset.
Filename, Dataset
Enter a Dataset Filename, up to 8 characters. This filename must not contain any spaces, piping
(vertical dashes), or asterisks, as these are not valid for DOS naming conventions. This filename
must be unique in the directory in which it will be created.
Comment, Dataset
Enter Comments, up to 50 characters. Do not use an apostrophe or double quotes, all other
characters and spaces are allowed. The Comments should accurately describe the assessment
scenario.
Comment Additional, Dataset
Enter Comments, up to 50 additional characters. Do not use an apostrophe or double quotes, all
other characters and spaces are allowed. The Comments should accurately describe the assessment
scenario.
Cancel Button
Select the Cancel button to exit the New Dataset form without creating a new Dataset.
OK Button
Select the OK button to create the New Dataset with the parameters defined. The New Dataset
Information form will be closed and the CAP88-PC data input tab forms will appear.
28
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6. SELECT DATASET INFORMATION
6.1 Select Dataset Form
Use this form to select a dataset for the desired operation. Except for the Dataset Name List, all
other fields on this form are read-only and will be filled with appropriate data when a dataset is
selected. When the code is run for the first time, no datasets may be available for opening. In this
case, the code will produce a message box stating that no datasets are available in the system, and
asking if you wish to open from a dataset input file stored elsewhere in the system or if you wish to
create a new dataset. If you choose to open a dataset stored elsewhere on the system, you will be
provided a file selection box from which you can navigate to the directory where your dataset input
file is stored. The default location for stored dataset input files is the Datasets subdirectory of the
install directory.
Name List, Dataset
Click on the down arrow to display the list of datasets recognized by CAP88-PC. Select a dataset
name from the list by clicking once on the name. To add a dataset to the dataset name list, either
open a new dataset or use the file maintenance function to restore an existing dataset.
Cancel Button, Select Dataset
Close the Select Dataset form, without performing the desired operation.
OK Button, Select Dataset
Use the selected dataset for the desired operation. The Select Dataset form will be closed and the
CAP88-PC data input tab forms will appear.
29
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7. PRINT/VIEW
7.1 PrintA/iew
Use this form to view CAP88-PC Output Reports and select which reports, if any, will be printed.
Tabs, Output Report
Click on these tabs to change the CAP88-PC Output Report being displayed. If a tab is missing,
that report was not created, or was deleted from the directory. Return to the Run Option tab of the
data entry form to view report selection information. If necessary, select a new report option
(Yes/No), save the data, and re-execute CAP88-PC.
Print Check Boxes, Output Report
Select the boxes next to the report names for reports to be printed (in their entirety). An X will
appear in the selected box. Click again to remove the X and un-select a report. The selected reports
will not be sent to a printer until the Print button is selected.
Print Current View Button
Print the entire CAP88-PC Output Report shown in the view window. Partial reports cannot be
printed with this viewer. If partial reports are desired, another text editor may be used to view and
print relevant portion of the report.
Cancel Button, Print Preview
Close the Print Preview form.
Print Button
Any Output Reports for the dataset that have an X in the check box will be printed (in their
entirety).
30
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8. MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
8.1 File Maintenance Operations Form
The File Maintenance Operations described below will perform the operation described as well as
maintain the drop-down file lists supported by CAP88-PC Version 3.0. Warning: Using the
Windows File Manager to perform these operations will result in the drop-down file program lists
not accurately reflecting the true list of available files. Files deleted using the Windows File
Manager will not be found when selected from the Dataset list, the Population File list, or the Wind
File list. Files renamed or copied using the Windows File Manager will not appear in the Dataset
list, Population File list, or the Wind File list until Restored using this option.
Archive, Delete, Restore, Rename
Select the operation to be performed. Archive will copy the selected file(s) to a location (diskette,
directory, etc.) indicated by the user and remove the filename from any lists maintained by the
CAP88-PC Version 3.0 program. Archive does not compress the files (all CAP88-PC files,
excluding Output Reports, are rather small text files). Delete will erase file(s) from the location
selected and removes the filename(s) from the Dataset list, Population File list, or Wind File list, as
appropriate. Restore copies file(s) from another location and adds the filename(s) to the Dataset
list, Population File list, or Wind File list, as appropriate. Restore checks each filename to be
restored for uniqueness, and will ask before overwriting a file with the same name. Rename
changes the name of the file indicated by the user and revises the Dataset list, Population File list, or
Wind File list, as appropriate. For example, the user may wish to rename Wind Files extracted from
the Wind File Library to change the filename from the Station ID to a city or location name that is
more easily recognizable.
Select Type of File for File Maintenance Operation
Selection of the Dataset file type will allow the user to select an existing dataset from the Dataset
Name list. Selection of the Dataset file type will also perform the identical operation on any Output
Report files that exist for the Dataset. Selection of the Population File type will remove from, add
to or revise the Population File list when files are deleted, restored, or renamed. Selection of the
Wind File type will remove from, add to or revise the Wind File list when files are deleted, restored,
or renamed. Use the List Maintenance option to revise file descriptions and date information for the
Population Files or Wind Files.
Cancel Button, Select Maintenance Operation
This closes the Select Maintenance Operation form.
OK Button, Select Maintenance Operation
If both a File Maintenance Operation and a File Type have been selected, the OK button will submit
the request and the appropriate form will appear for selecting the particular file to be altered. If
either the File Maintenance Option or the File Type has not been selected, an error message will
appear.
31
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8.2 Select File
Select a file from the current directory or locate a file in another directory.
Population File Directory
Choose this option if the Population File appears in the Population File list in the current directory.
The current directory is a subdirectory named Popfiles that is subordinate to the directory where
CAP88-PC Version 2.1 was installed.
Custom Population File
Choose this option to locate a Population File in a directory other than the Popfiles subdirectory.
The user is provided a form to select a drive, directory, and filename for the desired file.
Population File List
If the Population File resides in the Population File Directory, a Population File list will be
displayed and a Population File may be chosen from that list. If the Population File is not in the
default directory, then select the Locate button to choose the drive and directory of the desired file.
Wind File Directory
Choose this option if the Wind File appears in the Wind File list in the current directory. The
current directory is a subdirectory named Wndfiles that is subordinate to the directory that CAP88-
PC Version 2.1 was installed to.
Custom Wind File
Choose this option to locate a Wind File in a directory other than the Wndfiles subdirectory. The
user is provided a form to select a drive, directory, and filename for the desired file.
Wind File List
If the Wind File resides in the Wndfiles subdirectory, a Wind File list will be displayed and a Wind
File may be chosen from that list. If the Wind File is not in the current directory, then select the
Locate button to choose the drive and directory of the desired file.
Cancel Button
Close the Select File form.
OK Button
If a filename appears on this form, the next archive form will appear. If no file has been selected,
an error message will appear.
8.3 Save File As Form
Change the name of the file if desired. The name of the selected file appears at the top of the form.
Dataset Filename
Filenames are limited to 8 alphanumeric characters and exclude blanks, asterisks, and pipe (vertical
dishes) characters.
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Population Filename
Filenames are limited to 8 alphanumeric characters and exclude blanks, asterisks, and pipe (vertical
dashes) characters.
Wind Filename
Filenames are limited to 8 alphanumeric characters and exclude blanks, asterisks, and pipe (vertical
dashes) characters.
Cancel Button
Close the Save File As form.
OK Button
Perform the desired operation.
8.4 Change List Information Form
Use this form to enter list information for both the Population File list and the Wind File list. NO
CHANGES ARE MADE UNTIL THE OK BUTTON IS SELECTED, at which time both the
Population File list and the Wind File list are updated. If changes are made and the Cancel button is
selected, THE LISTS WILL NOT BE UPDATED.
Population File Directory
Choose this option to change the list of Population File information (description and census date)
for files in the Popfiles subdirectory.
Population File List
Select the down arrow to display and select the Population File description and census date to be
displayed and altered.
Population File Description
Enter a location description, limited to 36 characters, which will identify the Population File.
Population File Census Date
Enter the year that the population assessment was performed.
Wind File Directory
Choose this option to change the list of Wind File information (description and reference dates) for
files in the Wndfiles subdirectory.
Wind File List
Select the down arrow to display and select the Wind File description and reference dates to be
displayed and altered.
Wind File Description
Enter a weather station description, limited to 36 characters, which will identify the Wind File.
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Wind File Period of Record
Enter the year(s) that meteorological data was collected for frequency distribution analysis.
Cancel Button
Close the Change List Information form, WITHOUT updating either the Population or Wind File
lists.
OK Button
Close the Change List Information form, after updating both the Population File list and the Wind
File list.
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9. DATASET DATA
9.1 Facility Data
The Facility Data tab form is used to describe the facility and time period to be modeled. On the
Facility Data tab form, a State must be selected from the list provided. The State selected will
determine the agricultural values used on the Agricultural Data Tab Form. After all known Facility
Information is entered, use the Page Down key to advance to the next tab form.
Facility Name (Optional)
The Facility Name is used for identification purposes only. The Facility Name appears on each
Output Report.
Address Line 1 (Optional)
The Facility Address (line 1) appears on each Output Report
Address Line 2 (Optional)
The Facility Address (line 2) appears on each Output Report
City (Optional)
The City that the Facility is located in or near appears on each Output Report.
State Name (Required)
The State name is required because it is used by the program to establish values for agricultural
arrays of beef cattle, milk cattle, and crop production according to EPA-accepted state-wide
averages. A state name must have been selected for an assessment to be executed. State names are
chosen from a list box, which appears when you click on the down arrow when the state field is
selected. To use the list box search feature, press any letter key and the list box automatically goes
to the first state beginning with that letter. Selection of Hawaii, Alaska, or the District of Columbia
will result in zeros being loaded on the Agricultural Data tab form.
Zip Code (Optional)
Enter the Zip Code and Zip+4 Code, if known.
Emission Year (Optional)
Choose the year in which the radionuclide emissions occurred from the drop down list. If a year is
desired that is not in the drop down list, advanced users can use a database file editor to add the year
to the YEAR table in the DATA.mdb Access database in the Data subdirectory.
Source Category (Optional)
The Source Category is for information only. No particular category is enforced at this time.
Comments Line 1 (Optional)
Comments are restricted to 50 characters and appear on the first page of each Output Report.
Comments also appear on the Select Dataset form for additional identification of the dataset.
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Comments Line 2 (Optional)
Comments are restricted to 50 characters and appear on the first page of each Output Report.
Comments also appear on the Select Dataset form for additional identification of the dataset.
9.2 Run Options
The Run Options tab form is used to describe the population to be assessed and select optional
output tables and reports. CAP88-PC Version 3.0 uses population arrays in the same format as the
mainframe CAP88 program. A sample population assessment is provided with CAP88-PC Version
3.0. Other population assessments may be downloaded from the Population File Library. Users are
encouraged to create their own population arrays using the Population File Editor supplied with the
CAP88-PC Version 3.0 program. Census data or population survey data should be obtained for the
facility and area to be modeled.
Assessment Run Type
The Assessment Run Type must be selected to determine the source of the population data. If an
Individual Assessment is chosen, the midpoint distances for the assessment areas must be entered.
If a Population Assessment is chosen, the data will be read in from a Population File. The
Population File may be selected from the drop down list.
Location Index of Exposed Individual
When the Individual Assessment is chosen, a button labeled "Location Index of Exposed
Individual" will be shown on the screen. Users can click this button to open the "Location Index of
Exposed Individual" screen. There are two input boxes to let users enter a direction index and a
distance index for the exposed individual. The default values for these indices are 0, which means
that users let CAP88 to calculate the maximum exposed individual. Note that these values are
sector information, not distances in meters. Circumferential sectors are denoted 1 to 16, with 1
being N, 2 being NNW, and 16 being NNE. Radial sectors are denoted as 1 to j, where j is a
number corresponding to the midpoint distances input by the user.
Population File Directory
A Population File is required for a Population Assessment Run Type. The Population File Editor in
the Run Menu can be used to generate a Population File in the proper format. Note that when a
population is created manually, the distances entered in the population file are endpoint distances
for each sector; these are converted to midpoint distances by CAP88-PC. Also, a sample population
assessment may be extracted from the Population File Library, which will place that population file
name in the population file dropdown list. Population Files that are in the population file
dropdown list are assumed by the code to be located and maintained in the Popfiles subdirectory.
Alternatively, population files can be selected from another directory by choosing the Custom
Population File option.
Custom Population File
If the Population File resides anywhere except in the Popfiles subdirectory, choose this option and
select the Locate button to locate and select the Population File for the assessment. The default
initial directory for this directory locator box is the POPLIB subdirectory of the CAP88-PC
installation directory. This subdirectory contains the distribution library of population files
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available for extraction. To get a Custom Population File into the Population File Directory, use the
File Maintenance option to Restore a Population File, and then use the List Maintenance option to
record the population description or location and census date (year of population estimation,
adjustment or assessment). Note that it is not required that the population file be located in the
Popfiles subdirectory (see below).
Population File Location
Enter the drive, directory, and filename of the desired Population File or select the Locate button to
browse the drives and directories to locate the Population File to be used for the assessment.
Create Dose and Risk Factor File?
Select Yes to generate a Dose and Risk Factor Output Report file (.FAC) when this assessment is
used to execute CAP88-PC. Dose and Risk are estimated by combining the inhalation and ingestion
intake rates, air and ground surface concentrations with the dose and risk conversion factors used in
CAP88-PC. The effective dose equivalent is calculated for adults using the weighting factors in
ICRP Publication 72 as implemented in Federal Guidance Report 13. Cancer mortality risks are
reported for 15 cancer sites using the FGR 13 tabulated values. Dose and risk are reported as a
function of radionuclide, pathway, location and organ. CAP88-PC also tabulates the frequency
distribution of risk, showing the number of people at various levels of risk. The risk levels are
divided into orders of magnitude, from one in ten to one in a million. Dose and Risk estimates
from CAP88-PC are applicable only to low-level chronic exposures, since the health effects and
dosimetric data are based on low-level chronic intakes. CAP88-PC cannot be used for either short-
term or high-level radionuclide intakes.
Create Concentration Table File?
Select Yes to generate a Concentration Table Output Report file (.CON) when this assessment is
used to execute CAP88-PC. The Concentration Table may be quite large if many radionuclides are
selected. Radionuclide concentrations in air, rates of deposition on ground surfaces, concentrations
in food and intake rates to people from ingestion of food produced in the assessment area are
calculated by the model. Estimates of the radionuclide concentrations in food, leafy vegetables,
milk and meat consumed by humans are made by coupling the output of the atmospheric transport
models with the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.109 terrestrial food chain
models. Version 3 modifies the Regulatory Guide 1.109 method by updating the radionuclide
transfer factors used by the model. Regulatory Guide 1.109 did not contain these factors for all the
elements included in the new radionuclide list; accordingly, the model now uses transfer factors
from NCRP Report 123 (NCRP123).
Create Chi/Q Table File?
Select Yes to generate a Chi/Q analysis (.CHI) of the scenario provided for execution of CAP88-
PC. Chi/Q values are used to convert radionuclide release values to concentrations.
Build up Time in Years
This sets the analysis time period by defining the time period for calculating build-up factors. 100
years is the default to be consistent with previous versions of CAP88. This should not be changed
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for cases being submitted to demonstrate NESHAPS compliance without permission of the USEPA.
With the inclusion of the FGR-13 dose and risk factors, a 1 year build-up time period will generate
the 50 year dose and risk values resulting from annual facility releases.
Population File List
Select the down arrow to see the descriptive information and Population File names in the Popfiles
subdirectory.
Locate Button
Select this button to get a form to browse the drives and directories for a particular Population File.
Midpoint Distances (if individual case selected)
Midpoint distances are required for an Individual Assessment. These distances are the distances at
which the doses and risks are calculated, in meters. The distances must be integers between 1 and
80000 meters (inclusive). A message will be displayed if you enter a distance outside this range.
At least one distance must be entered for the dataset to execute. If no distances are entered, the
AIRDOS program will abort. The distances entered in the cells must be contiguous and ascending,
that is, no cells can be skipped and the midpoint distances must increase from left to right in each
row. Cells (at the end) may be left blank after the midpoint distances have been entered.
Set Max Exposed Individual (if individual case selected)
This button brings up a selection window where the user can tell CAP88-PC which sector (as
ILOC,JLOC) to report as the max individual sector. ILOC is the index of the directional sectors
(values from 1 to 16 with North =1) and JLOC is the index for the radial distance increments as
specified in the Midpoint Distances (1 to 20 max).
9.3 Meteorological Data
The Meteorological Data Tab Form is used to supply site meteorological data for the dispersion
modeling.
Wind File Directory
A Wind File is required for CAP88 execution. The Wind File Library in the Run Menu can be used
to obtain a Wind File in the proper format. These Wind Files were created from the National
Weather Service data which is available for many weather station sites. If the user has on-site
meteorological data, select the Stability Array Distribution program in the Run Menu to process and
convert on-site data to a properly formatted Wind File. Wind Files can be located and maintained
in the Wndfiles subdirectory, or can be located by choosing the Custom Wind File option.
Custom Wind File
If the Wind File resides anywhere except in the Wndfiles subdirectory, choose this option and select
the Locate button to locate and select the Wind File for the assessment. The default initial directory
for this directory locator box is the WINDLIB subdirectory of the CAP88-PC installation directory.
This subdirectory contains the distribution library of wind files available for extraction. To get a
Custom Wind File into the Wind File Directory, use the File Maintenance option to Restore a Wind
File, and then use the List Maintenance option to record the location and dates for which the
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meteorological data was collected. Note that it is not necessary to use a wind file that is located in
the Wndfile subdirectory (see below).
Wind File Location
Enter the drive, directory, and filename of the desired Wind File or select the LOCATE button to
browse the drives and directory to locate the Wind File to be used for the assessment.
Annual Precipitation
Enter the average annual precipitation (in centimeters) at or near the site.
Annual Ambient Temperature
Enter the average annual ambient temperature (in degrees Celsius) at or near the site. Temperatures
above 200 degrees are assumed to be in degrees Kelvin and will be converted and shown as degrees
Celsius when the dataset is re-opened.
Height of Lid
This value represents the height of the troposphere mixing layer (in meters) at or near the site. This
field must contain a positive non-zero value. A zero value will cause the AIRDOS program to abort
when the dataset is executed.
Absolute Humidity
Enter the absolute humidity in air (in grams per cubic meter) at or near the site. This value is used
for the dose and risk calculation of tritium ingestion. This field must contain a positive non-zero
value. A zero value will cause the AIRDOS program to abort when the dataset is executed.
9.4 Source Data
The Source Data Tab Form is used to identify the type of emitting source and the dimensions of
each emitting source being assessed. Stack and Area Sources cannot be mixed in a single
assessment. While up to six stack or area sources can be modeled, all the sources are modeled as if
located at the same point. The same plume rise mechanism (Buoyant, Momentum, Fixed, or Zero)
is used for each source. In the CAP88-PC implementation of the Gaussian Plume model, area
sources are treated as uniform and variation in radionuclide concentrations due to complex terrain
cannot be modeled. Errors arising from these assumptions will have a negligible effect for
assessments where the distance to exposed individuals is large compared to the stack height, area, or
facility size.
Source Type
The emitting sources must be identified as stacks (point) or area sources. While up to six stack or
area sources can be modeled, all the sources are modeled as if located at the same point. The same
plume rise mechanism (Buoyant, Momentum, Fixed, or Zero) is used for each source.
Number of Sources
Up to six (6) emitting sources (stacks or areas) may be modeled. The fields for Height,
Diameter/Area, and Plume Rise Type (if Momentum or Buoyant) change as the number of emitting
sources change, so select the number of sources before entering any associated data.
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Area Dimensions
This value is the height (in meters) and area (in square meters) of the Area Source.
Plume Rise Type
Select the Plume Rise Type for the dispersion modeling. The choices are Buoyant, Momentum,
Fixed, and Zero. The same plume rise mechanism is used for each source.
Plume Rise for Pasquill Categories
Plume Rise for each Pasquill Category for a Fixed Plume Rise Type. Enter the actual plume rise (in
meters) for each of the seven Pasquill Categories (A through G) if a Fixed Plume Rise Type is
selected. If a Zero Plume Rise Type is selected, zero is entered for each of the seven Pasquill
Categories (A through G), and no further action is required.
Heat Release Rate or Exit Velocity
Enter the heat release rate (in calories per second) for a Buoyant Plume Rise Type or enter the exit
velocity (in meters per second) for a Momentum Plume Rise Type.
Stack Dimensions
This parameter specifies height (in meters) and diameter (in meters) of each stack or point source.
9.5 Agricultural Data
The Agricultural Data Tab Form is used to enter agricultural factors which will be applied to the
dispersion data to estimate uptake of emitted radionuclides into the food chain.
EPA Food Source Scenarios
Selection of each EPA Food Source Scenario (Urban, Rural, Local, Regional, and Imported) will
result in different fractions appearing in the 9 cells which describe the fraction of Vegetable, Milk,
and Meat produced in the area, or imported to the area. The fractions are not editable unless the
Entered scenario is selected, in which case fractions must be entered by the user. The Entered
fractions must total to 1.0 for each column or the user will be asked to re-enter the fractions or make
another scenario selection.
EPA Food Source Scenarios - Fractions
Selection of each EPA Food Source Scenario will result in different fractions appearing in the 9
cells which describe the fraction of Vegetable, Milk, and Meat produced in the area or imported to
the area. These fractions are not editable unless the Entered scenario is selected, in which case
fractions must be entered by the user. The Entered fractions must total to 1.0 for each column,
otherwise, the user will be asked to re-enter the fractions or make another scenario selection.
Beef Cattle Density
Sample distributions of beef cattle density are provided by EPA for the assessment area using
average agricultural productivity data for each of the fifty states. Since data was not available for
Alaska, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia, the user must supply relevant agricultural data for
these areas. Using zero in this field will result in an error when the program is executed.
Milk Cattle Density
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Sample distributions of milk cattle density are provided by EPA for the assessment area using
average agricultural productivity data for each of the fifty states. Since data was not available for
Alaska, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia, the user must supply relevant agricultural data for
these areas. Using zero in this field will result in an error when the program is executed.
Land Fraction Cultivated for Vegetable Crops
Sample distributions of crop productivity are provided by EPA for the assessment area using
average agricultural productivity data for each of the fifty states. Since data was not available for
Alaska, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia, the user must supply relevant agricultural data for
these areas. Using zero in this field will result in an error when the program is executed.
9.6 Nuclide Data
The Nuclide Data Tab Form is used to display, select, and describe characteristics of the
radionuclides emitted by each source. It also permits the user to specify the length of the time steps
used in the build-up factor calculation, and to set the maximum length for the decay chains if the
chains are to be truncated. Information for a source is entered by first selecting the tab number
corresponding to the source number. Radionuclide data for that source is then entered or modified
using the Add/Edit Nuclide subform to this Nuclide Data Tab Form. To access the Add/Edit
Nuclide subform, use the Add Nuclide button or the Edit Nuclide button located to the right of the
nuclide data display table.
The button on this form will save the current dataset using the dataset filename
entered when the dataset was first opened for creation.
Time Step Days
Time Step Days is the number of days for each time step that will be used by CAP88-PC for
calculating the build-up factors. Longer time steps will shorten the build-up factor run time, but
may reduce the accuracy of the build-up factor calculation. In general, the length of the time step
should not be greater than 10% of the shortest half-life (in days) of the isotopes with non-zero
release rates for any source. For build-up times greater than 1 year the time step length need be no
shorter than 1 day. Time step lengths over 100 days are not recommended unless only isotopes with
half-lives over 1000 years are in the input list for all sources.
Limit Daughters & Set Chain
If the check box under Limit Daughters is unchecked, all isotopes in each decay chain will be
included in the build-up factor, dose, and risk calculations. If the check box is checked, the Set
Chain option allows the user to specify the maximum depth of the isotope chain that CAP88-PC
will use in the analysis. Chains shorter or equal in length to the Set Chain value will be fully
analyzed as if there was no chain limit. Chains longer than the Set Chain value will be truncated to
the length specified. Chain lengths less than 3 are strongly discouraged if the box is checked.
Nuclide List
At least one nuclide should be selected, otherwise the dataset will not be saved or executed (the
dataset may, however, be closed). After clicking the Add Nuclide button, select a nuclide from the
drop down list by clicking on the down arrow in the nuclide field and entering the first letter of the
nuclide name. The list will jump to nuclides starting with the letter selected. Click on the nuclide
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name to be added. Nuclide names appear for each emitting source, but a release rate of zero will
show that the nuclide is not emitted from a particular source. If the nuclide selected is a member of
a chain, a message will appear to request if the nuclide will be treated as an individual or whether
the chain members should be entered (see below). After each nuclide is selected, the nuclide's
release rate, size, chemical form, and type information may be entered using their respective data
entry fields or drop down selections. The nuclide size, chemical form, and type data applies to the
nuclide emitted from every source. It is recommended that the user verify the applicability of the
default values prior to running the analysis.
Once data entry for a nuclide is complete, use the button to continue with
another nuclide, or select Enter-Close to complete data entry for the last nuclide.
Adding Chains
Beginning with Version 3.0 of CAP88-PC, the code system now contains separate routines which
can develop all decay chains contained in the FGR 13 data. When a radionuclide that is a member
of a decay chain modeled in the FGR 13 data is selected, a dialogue box will appear with the
information that the nuclide is the beginning of a chain, and asking if the chain should be added. If
Yes is selected, the entire chain will be added to the list. If No is selected, then only the individual
nuclide will be added to the list.
Only radionuclides that are actually released from the stack need to be entered on the nuclide list.
CAP88-PC Version 3 will automatically calculate dose contributions from the progeny from each
nuclide listed on the nuclide release list if the nuclide has a non-zero value entered for its release
rate.
Nuclide Release Rate
The release rates can be entered in decimal or exponential notation. If a source does not emit a
nuclide in the list, the Release Rate will be zero for that source. The list of nuclides will be the
same for all sources, since the code only contains one nuclide list. However, the release rate for a
nuclide does not have to be the same for each source. If a nuclide is not part of the release for a
source, then set that nuclide's release rate to zero for that source. Each nuclide having a non-zero
release rate will be treated as the top of a progeny chain if a progeny chain exists in the FGR-13
database for that nuclide. Accordingly, progeny that are not released from the stack but that only
build-up in the environment after release of the parent nuclide should not be entered in the released
nuclide list.
Particle Size
The default particle size will appear for the selected nuclide. Select the down arrow to change the
particle size, if necessary. Select one of the allowed Activity Medium Aerodynamic Diameter
Micrometers (AMAD) for particulates. Particle size (AMAD) in micrometers for inhaled particles
is now limited to 1.0, according to the FGR 13 data model. Vapors and gases are assigned a particle
size of 0.
Nuclide Type
In Version 3, the lung clearance model data was updated to incorporate the new FGR 13
nomenclature for lung clearance categories. This new nomenclature changed the lung clearance
rate attribute from "Class" to "Type". Types F-M-S are analogous to Classes D-W-Y. Select one
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of the allowed lung clearance categories for inhaled particles. If a Type field contains 'None', then
Type is not applicable to that particular radionuclide. After each nuclide has been selected, the
default clearance category appears. Some nuclides are restricted in their clearance type allowances.
Use the drop down list as a guide to the valid classes for each nuclide.
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10. DEFAULT FILE CHANGES
10.1 Purpose Of Default Value
The DEFAULT.DAT file contains various types of default data for CAP88-PC. The file is divided
into two segments. The first segment contains default values that can, with great caution, be
changed by the user. The second segment contains permanent defaults which are values that must
never be changed by the user since any changes would corrupt the assessments.
10.1.1 User Changeable Defaults
The defaults contained in the DEFAULT.DAT file for meteorological data, inhalation and ingestion
rates, water use and agricultural productivity are the values approved by EPA to demonstrate
compliance as required by 40 CFR 61.93(a).
CAUTION: Any modification to the DEFAULT.DAT file must be approved by
EPA if the modified parameters are used to demonstrate compliance per 40
CFR 61.93(a).
There may be users who, in rare instances, might need to change one or more of these values for a
specific purpose. The user, however, should be fully aware that these values must only be changed
when and if the user fully understands the full impact that the change(s) will have upon the
assessments run with the user specified values.
CAUTION: If any of these values are changed without full knowledge of the
impact of the change(s), the resulting assessments could be invalid for the
intended purpose.
10.1.2 Permanent Defaults
The default values found in the second segment of the file contains defaults that must not be
changed by the user. These values are contained in the DEFAULT.DAT file so that if directed by
EPA, applicable defaults can be easily changed within this file and promptly disseminated to all
users. This will preclude the necessity of modifying program code and disseminating new
executable programs.
10.2 Changeable Defaults
10.2.1 Variable Names and Descriptions
The following is a list of variable names whose values can be changed by the user. Also included
are their units of measure, default values and a brief description. The variable names here will
match the names you will see in the DEFAULT.DAT file. They are grouped in categories such as
meteorological, agricultural, etc.
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VARIABLE
UNITS
DEFAULT
DESCRIPTION
TG
°K/m
.0728
Vertical temperature gradient for
.1090
Pasquill categories E, F,
.1455
and G (three element array)
DILFAC
cm
1.0
Depth of water for dilution for water
immersion doses
USEFAC
0.0
Fraction of time spent swimming
ILOC
0
Direction index of the single location used for
individual calculations
JLOC
0
Distance index of the single location used for
individual calculations
PLOC
100.0
The percentile of the total risk to use in
choosing the location for the exposure array
used for the individual tables. When ILOC
and JLOC are both 0, PLOC is used.
GSCFAC
0.5
A scaling factor used to correct ground
surface dose factors for surface roughness
Default Rates
BRTHRT
cm3/hr
9.167E+5
Inhalation rate of man
DD1
0.5
Fraction of radioactivity retained on leafy
vegetables and produce after washing
UF
kg/yr
85.0
Ingestion rate of meat by man
UL
kg/yr
18.0
Ingestion rate of leafy vegetables by man
UM
liter/yr
112.0
Ingestion rate of milk by man
UV
kg/yr
176.0
Ingestion rate of produce by man
Agricultural Defaults
FSUBG
1.0
Fraction of produce ingested grown in garden
of interest
FSUBL
1.0
Fraction of leafy vegetables grown in garden
of interest
FSUBP
0.4
Fraction of year animals graze on pasture
FSUBS
0.43
Fraction of daily feed that is pasture grass
when animal grazes on pasture
LAMW
hr"1
2.9E-3
Removal rate constant for physical loss by
weathering
MSUBB
kg
200.0
Muscle mass of animal at slaughter
P
kg/m2
215.0
Effective surface density of soil, dry weight
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VARIABLE
UNITS
DEFAULT
DESCRIPTION
(assumes 15 cm plow layer)
QSUBF
kg/day
15.6
Consumption rate of contaminated feed or
forage by an animal (dry weight)
R1
0.57
Fallout interception fraction-pasture
R2
0.2
Fallout interception fraction-vegetables
TAUBEF
3.81 E-3
Fraction of animal herd slaughtered per day
TSUBE1
hr
720.0
Period of exposure during growing season-
pasture grass
TSUBE2
hr
1440.0
Period of exposure during growing season-
crops or leafy vegetables
TSUBF
day
2.0
Transport time: animal feed-milk-man
TSUBH1
hr
0.0
Time delay-ingestion of pasture grass by
animals
TSUBH2
hr
2160.0
Time delay-ingestion of stored feed by
animals
TSUBH3
hr
336.0
Time delay-ingestion of leafy vegetables by
man
TSUBH4
hr
336.0
Time delay-ingestion of produce by man
TSUBS
day
20.0
Average time from slaughter of meat animal
to consumption
VSUBM
liter/day
11.0
Milk production of cow
YSUBV1
kg/m2
0.28
Agricultural productivity by unit area (grass-
cow-milk-man pathway)
YSUBV2
kg/m2
0.716
Agricultural productivity by unit area (produce
or leafy vegetables ingested by man)
TSUBB
yr
100.0
Period of long-term buildup for activity in soil
10.2.2 Changing Default Values
The DEFAULT.DAT file is located in the CAP88PC directory of the drive you have chosen to load
the system on. Go to this directory. Before you change anything in this file, you may want to make
a copy of the original DEFAULT.DAT file giving it a different extension or save it on a floppy disk
so that it can be easily retrieved.
Access DEFAULT.DAT (an ASCII file) using a word processor or a text editor. Find the variable
name whose value you want to change and simply replace the default value with the value you want
to use. The following are some conditions the user needs to be aware of.
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• Additional digits can be included, exponential notation can be used in place of
decimal numbers and decimal numbers can replace exponential notation. Integer
values should remain integers.
• Do not delete any variables. The program will not abort but either zero or some
unpredictable value will be used which will invalidate the assessment results.
• Do not move the variables around. They must remain in the original order and
category. Each category begins with an Ampersand (&) followed by four or more
descriptive characters. Each category ends with &END. The &END must follow the
last variable in the category or be on a line by itself immediately following the last
variable.
• The beginning of a category must be at the beginning of a line and there must be one
or more spaces separating it from the first variable in the category.
• Do not change the order or delete any of the categories. If the order is changed or
any category is eliminated the CAP88-PC system will abort and/or produce totally
invalid assessment results.
• Additional lines can be added and variables moved from one line to another as long
as the order of the variables does not change.
• There is no required number of spaces between variables but the variables must be
separated by commas. A comma is not required between the last variable in a
category and &END.
• Be sure not to eliminate the equal (=) sign between the variable and the value or
values in the case of an array. The variable TG is a three element array; therefore,
TG is followed by a single = sign which is then followed by three values separated
by commas. TG(1) will contain .0728, TG(2) and TG(3) will contain the next two
values respectively. If any or all of these values should ever be changed, be sure the
values are entered in the correct order.
• Change only the variables listed in 10.2.1 (Variable Names and Descriptions). Do
not alter in any way the variables and values in the categories that follow the
&INPUT category.
Save the user altered file into DEFAULT.DAT after making sure that you have saved the original
DEFAULT.DAT so that it will not be destroyed by your altered file. The new file is then ready to
be used with the CAP88-PC System.
10.2.3 Restoring DEFAULT.DAT Values
When an assessment is executed The DEFAULT.DAT file is checked for changes. If changes have
been made to defaults listed in Section 10.2.1, the changes will be printed to the screen as shown in
the figure below.
47
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WARNING!
The Following Default Values Have Been Changed,
DO NOT USE these changes unless you fully understand
the EFFECTS ofthese Changes:
These changes CANNOT BE USED to demonstrate compliance
per 40 CFR 61.93 unle ss specifically approved by EPA
Inhalation Rate of Man
Changed From: 9.1670E+05
To: 8.5300E+05
Resetting of individual defaults cannot be done here.
CHANGE ALL DEFAULTS Back to their Original Values?
Y/N:
The changes shown will include the description, the original default value and the user specified
value. After all changes have been printed to the screen, the user is given the opportunity to reset all
defaults back to their original values with a response of Y or N. It is not possible to reset individual
values at this point. Individual changes can only be made directly by accessing the DEFAULT.DAT
file using a text editor or word processor as described in Section 10.2.2.
If the user elects to have all defaults reset, all defaults will be overwritten with the original defaults.
The overwritten DEFAULT.DAT file will look a little different from the original file; however, the
only actual difference will be the spacing of the variables. The variable names and values will be
closer together using fewer lines.
10.2.4 Alternative DEFAULT.DAT Files
The user may want to create alternative default files with user specified values. Before initiating the
CAP88-PC system the user would copy the default file they need for a given run into
DEFAULT.DAT.
WARNING: CAP88-PC must have a DEFAULT.DAT file available in order for it
to run.
It is not possible to alter any of the specified default values once CAP88-PC has been initiated
except to reset all defaults to their original values. Therefore, when a user needs alternative default
values it is the user's responsibility to assure that the appropriate alternative DEFAULT.DAT file is
available when CAP88-PC is initiated.
48
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When a DEFAULT.DAT file containing user altered default values is used, there will be a
CAUTION message on the beginning page of the SYNOPSIS Report stating that defaults have been
changed. The specific changes will be listed on the following page including the default description,
the original default value, and the user specified value. This will alert the originators and anyone
using the outputs that defaults have been changed and what changes have been made.
10.3 PERMANENT DEFAULTS
The DEFAULT.DAT file contains defaults that must not be changed by the user. All defaults
beginning with &ORGAN through the end of the file must contain the original default values which
can only be changed at the direction of EPA.
If any of the permanent defaults are changed, except at the direction of EPA, the CAP88-PC system
Permanent Defaults that MUST NOT BE ALTERED by the user
have been changed. They will be RESET to prevent CAP88-PC
from producing invalid results.
will detect those changes and reset them to their original values. In this case, a message similar to
the one shown above will be printed to the screen informing the user that these permanent defaults
have been reset. If the user has changed default values defined as changeable by the user, the system
will not reset those user changeable values except at the direction of the user.
49
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11. CONVERTING WEATHER DATA WITH GETWIND
11.1 Purpose
GETWIND is a utility program that allows users to customize CAP88-PC by supplying their own
meteorological data, in stability array (STAR) format, to the selection of weather data files. A
listing of weather data provided with CAP88-PC is provided in Appendix D. Users are encouraged
to use site-specific weather data.
See Appendix B for an example of the STAR (Stability Array) format. The file SAMPLE. STR,
which is included with CAP88-PC, also contains a copy of this STAR format file. This file can be
used as a guide for creating meteorological files in STAR format.
11.2 Program Input
The user must supply the program with the name of the file that contains the STAR formatted
meteorological data and the name of the file that will contain the converted STAR data (the CAP88-
PC wind data file).
It is assumed that all the data files used by this program reside in the same directory as GETWIND.
For this reason space is provided for only 12 characters name with a three character extension.
Create or copy your file containing the STAR formatted meteorological data to your directory
which contains GETWIND and run the program.
All valid DOS file names are accepted by the program, subject to the length restriction. However,
file names must end with the extension ".WND", and be copied to the CAP88PC\WNDFILES
subdirectory on your hard disk, in order to be recognized by CAP88-PC.
11.3 Program Output
Converted STAR wind data is written to the file specified by the user. It is a valid CAP88-PC wind
file and can be chosen as a wind data file from the list box which is available in the Meteorological
Data screen, provided a copy of the file is made to the CAP88PCYWNDFILES subdirectory on your
hard disk.
11.4 Running GETWIND
Use DOS to get into the directory where the GETWIND.EXE program resides. Make sure that a
copy of the file to be converted for use by CAP88-PC resides in this same directory.
To run the program, type:
GETWIND
The following message appears:
50
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THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS STAR FORMAT WIND DATA
TO AIRDOS-EPA FORMAT
FILE WHICH CONTAINS THE WIND DATA TO BE CONVERTED:
BREAK TO ABORT
Enter the name of the file and press . If you have entered a valid DOS file name and the file
can be found in the current directory, the following message is then displayed:
FILE TO CONTAIN THE AIRDOS FORMATTED WIND DATA
MUST HAVE THE EXTENSION WND
Enter the name of the file that will contain the converted meteorological data. This is the file that
you will be able to select in the list box located in the Meteorological Data input screen. If the file
name already exists, the following message is displayed on the screen:
WARNING OUTPUT FILE ALREADY EXISTS
DO YOU WANT TO OVERWRITE IT? (Y/N):
Enter or to overwrite the file. Press any other key to allow you to enter another file name.
While the data is being read and converted, informative messages are displayed on the screen.
When the program is finished you will be returned to DOS.
Pressing together at any time will cause the program to abort, and you will be
returned to DOS.
11.5 Error Messages
FILE NAME CANNOT BE GREATER THAN 12 CHARACTERS
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE
If you type in a file name that has more than 12 characters, the above message is displayed. A DOS
file name can only have eight characters followed by a and a three character extension. Think of
a shorter file name and enter it again.
ERROR INPUT FILE DOES NOT EXIST...
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE
If the name of the input file which contains the meteorological data cannot be
found in the current directory, the above message is displayed. Make sure you have spelled the
name of the file correctly, and that it is located in the current directory.
51
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FILE EXTENSION MUST BE .WND
PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE
If the name of the file entered that is to contain the converted meteorological data does not end in
'.wnd', the above message is displayed. All CAP88-PC wind data files must have the file extension
' .wnd'. These are the only files that will be displayed for selection in the list box in the
Meteorological Data input screen. Retype the file name and make sure the file extension is '.wnd'.
52
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12. MATHEMATICAL MODELS
The purpose of this chapter is to present the mathematical models and equations used in CAP88-PC
for environmental transport and estimation of dose and risk. In order to facilitate comparison of the
programs with the theoretical model by interested users, the actual variable names used in the
CAP88-PC FORTRAN code have been included in brackets, where applicable, following the
explanation of the mathematical symbols used in the formulas.
12.1 Environmental Transport
CAP88-PC incorporates a modified version of the AIRDOS-EPA (Mo79) program to calculate
environmental transport. Relevant portions of this document are reproduced here, as referenced.
12.1.1 Plume Rise
CAP88-PC calculates plume rise in the subroutine CONCEN using either Rupp's equation (Ru48)
for momentum dominated plume rise, or Briggs' equations (Br69) for hot buoyant plumes (Mo79).
CAP88-PC also accepts user-supplied values for plume rise for each Pasquill stability class. The
plume rise, Ah, is added to the actual physical stack height, h [PH], to determine the effective stack
height, H. The plume centerline is shifted from the physical height, h, to H as it moves downwind.
The plume centerline remains at H unless gravitational settling of particulates produces a downward
tilt, or until meteorological conditions change.
Rupp's equation for momentum dominated plumes is:
Ah = 1.5 vd
[i (Equation 1)
where:
Ah = plume rise [PR]
v = effluent stack gas velocity (m/sec) [VEL]
d = inside stack diameter (m) [DIA]
\x = wind velocity (m/sec) [U]
CAP88-PC models Briggs' buoyant plume rise for stability categories A, B, C, and D with:
Ah = 1.6 F1/3 x2/3
\x (Equation 2)
where:
Ah = plume rise [PR]
F = 3.7xl0"5 Qh
Qh = heat emission from stack gases (cal/sec) [QH]
x = downwind distance (m)
\x = wind speed (m/sec) [U]
53
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This equation is valid until the downwind distance is approximately ten times the stack height, lOh,
where the plume levels off. For downwind distances greater than lOh, the equation used is:
Ah = 1.6 F1/3 (lOli)23
\x (Equation 3)
Equation (2) is also used to a distance of X = 2.4 (j,S"/2 for stable categories E, F, and G, beyond
which the plume is assumed to level off. For higher values of x, the stability parameter, S, is used
in the equation:
Ah = 2.9(F/|j,S)13 (Equation 4)
in which:
S = (g/Ta)(dTa/dz+r) (Equation 5)
g = gravitational acceleration (m/sec2)
Ta = air temperature (° K) [TEMPERATURE]
dTa/dz= vertical temperature gradient (° K/m) [TG]
z = vertical distance above stack (m)
T = adiabatic lapse rate of atmosphere (0.0098° K/m)
The value of the vertical temperature gradient, dTa/dz, is positive for stable categories. In CAP88-
PC, dTa/dz values are:
7.280E-02 °K/m for Pasquill category E
1.090E-01 °K/m for Pasquill category F
1.455E-01 °K/m for Pasquill category G
The true-average wind speed for each Pasquill stability category is used in CAP88-PC to estimate
plume rise, as it is greater than the reciprocal-averaged wind speed, and produces a smaller, more
conservative plume rise. This procedure does not risk underestimating the significant contribution
of relatively calm periods to downwind nuclide concentrations which could result from direct use of
a plume rise calculated for each separate wind-speed category. This procedure avoids calculating
an infinite plume rise when wind speed is zero (during calms), since both momentum and buoyancy
plume rise equations contain wind speed in the denominator (Mo79).
CAP88-PC also accepts user-supplied plume rise values, for situations where actual measurements
are available or the supplied equations are not appropriate. For example, plume rises of zero may
be used to model local turbulence created by building wakes.
12.1.2 Plume Dispersion
Plume dispersion is modeled in the subroutine CONCEN with the Gaussian plume equation of
Pasquill (Pa61, Mo79), as modified by Gifford:
54
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X
where:
0 exp[-V2(y/oy f ]{exp[-1/2((z-H)/az f ]+exp[-1/2((z+H)/az f ]}
2 TZ Gy Gz |~l
(Equation 6)
X = concentration in air (chi) at x meters downwind, y meters crosswind, and z
meters above ground (Ci/m3) [ACON]
Q = Release rate from stack (Ci/sec) [REL]
\x = wind speed (m/sec) [U]
oy = horizontal dispersion coefficient (m)
gz = vertical dispersion coefficient (m)
H = effective stack height (m)
y = crosswind distance (m)
z = vertical distance (m)
The downwind distance x comes into Equation (6) through ay and oz, which are functions of x as
well as the Pasquill atmospheric stability category applicable during emission from the stack.
CAP88-PC converts % in Equation (6) and other plume dispersion equations from units of curies per
cubic meter to units of picocuries per cubic centimeter.
Annual-average meteorological data sets usually include frequencies for several wind-speed
categories for each wind direction and Pasquill atmospheric stability category. CAP88-PC uses
reciprocal-averaged wind speeds in the atmospheric dispersion equations, which permit a single
calculation for each wind-speed category. Equation (6) is applied to ground-level concentrations in
air at the plume centerline by setting y and z to zero, which results in:
X = Q exp[-'/2(H/oz )2 ]
7i oy gz n (Equation 7)
The average ground-level concentration in air over a sector of 22.5° can be approximated by the
expression:
Xave = fx (Equation 8)
where f is the integral of the exponential expression:
exp [-'/2(y/ov )2 ]
in Equation (6) from a value of y equals zero to infinity divided by ys, the value of y at the edge of
the 22.5° sector, which is the value of the downwind distance, x, multiplied by the tangent of half
the sector angle. The expression is:
/=-
CO
fexp
( , >
0.5/
At2
dy
0
v / y J
y*
(Equation 9)
55
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The definite integral in the numerator of Equation (9) is evaluated as
-------
Xave = 0 exp(-y2 /2<5y2 )
2.5066 oy L |j,
(Equation 14)
One obtains the sector-averaged concentration at ground level by replacing the exponential
expression containing y by f in Equation (11):
Xave = Q/(0.397825 x L |j.) (Equation 15)
It should be noted at this point that for values of the downwind distance greater than 2xL dispersion,
as expressed in Equation (16), no longer can be said to be represented by the Pasquill equation. The
model is simply a uniform distribution with a rectangle of dimensions LID and 2x tan (11.25° ).
Gravitational settling is handled by tilting the plume downward after it has leveled off at height H
by subtracting Vgx/(i from H in the plume dispersion equations. For CAP88-PC Vg is set at the
default value of zero and cannot be changed by the user.
12.1.3 Dry Deposition
Dry deposition is modeled in the subroutine CONCEN as being proportional to the ground-level
concentration of the radionuclide (Mo79):
Rd = VdX (Equation 16)
where:
Rd = surface deposition rate (pCi/cm2 -sec)
Vd = deposition velocity (cm/sec) [VD]
X = ground-level concentration (chi) in air (pCi/cm3) [ACON]
Although Vd has units of velocity, it is only a proportionality constant and is usually higher than the
actual, measured velocity of radionuclides falling to the ground. The proportionality constant must
include deposition from fallout interception by foliage, which subsequently falls to the ground and
so adds to ground deposition. Defaults for deposition velocity used by CAP88-PC are 3.5E-2 m/sec
for Iodine, 1.8E-3 m/sec for particulates and zero for gases.
12.1.4 Precipitation Scavenging
The deposition rate from precipitation scavenging (Mo79), which occurs when rain or snow
removes particles from the plume, is modeled in CONCEN with:
Rs = Oxave L (Equation 17)
where:
Rs = surface deposition rate (pCi/cm2 -sec)
O = scavenging coefficient (sec"1) [SC]
57
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Xa-
L
average concentration in plume up to lid height (pCi/cm )[ACON]
lid height (tropospheric mixing layer) (cm) [LID]
The scavenging coefficient,
-------
The integral expression must be evaluated numerically. Values for the vertical dispersion
coefficient oz are expressed as functions of x in the form x°/F where D and F are constants with
different values for each Pasquill atmospheric stability category, to facilitate integrations over x.
Values for the depletion fraction for cases where Vg is zero are obtained from the subroutine QY in
CAP-88. Subroutine QY obtains depletion fractions for the conditions Vd = 0.01 m/sec and (J, = 1
m/sec for each Pasquill stability category from the data file REFA.DAT. This file contains values
for release heights (meters) of:
1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140,
160, 180, 200, 240, 260, 300 and 400.
and for downwind distances (meters) of:
35, 65, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 650, 800, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 4,000, 7,000, 10,000, 25,000,
60,000, 90,000, and 200,000.
The stored depletion fractions were calculated numerically with a Simpson's rule routine. QY uses
a linear interpolation to produce a fraction for the required downwind value, release height and
Pasquill category for Vd = 0.01 m/sec and (J, = 1 m/sec. The value is then converted to the
appropriate value for the actual deposition velocity and wind speed by use of the equation:
(QVQ)2 = (QVQ)i 100 VdV (Equation 20)
in which subscript 2 refers to the desired value and subscript 1 refers to the value for Vd = 0.01
m/sec and \x= 1 m/sec.
For downwind distances greater than 2xL where Equation 15 applies to the ground-level
concentrations in air, the depletion is modeled with (Mo79):
0:
Ql
- f - - exp
-Vd(x-2xL)
Lju
(Equation 21)
Which shows the reduced release rates at distances x and 2xL, respectively.
The depletion fraction for radioactive decay is:
Ol
= exp (-/U) (Equation 22)
where:
Xr = effective decay constant in plume [ANLAM]
t = time required for plume travel
59
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The decay constant used is referred to as the "effective decay constant" since it is not the true
radiological decay constant in all cases. For example, if a radionuclide is a short-lived decay
product in equilibrium with a longer-lived parent, the effective decay constant would be equal to the
true radiological decay constant of the parent.
The atmospheric dispersion equations use the reciprocal-averaged wind speed, but neither this value
nor the true average wind speed can adequately be used to calculate reduced release rates to account
for radiological decay and scavenging losses because averaging of exponential terms is required.
CAP88-PC uses an approximate method of calculation for this purpose, which establishes three
wind speeds (1 m/sec, the average wind speed, and 6 m/sec) to simulate the actual wind-speed
spectrum for each specific wind direction and Pasquill category. The wind speeds 1 and 6 m/sec
were chosen because they approximate the upper and lower bounds in most meteorological data
sets.
If fi, f2 and f? are designated as the time fractions for the three wind speeds, then:
fi + (Haf2) + 6f3 = n,
fl + (f2/Ha) + f?/6 = 1 / |_lr
and
fi + f2 + f3 = 1
where:
|j,a = Arithmetic-average wind speed [UDAV]
Hr = Reciprocal-average wind speed [UDCAT]
Solving the three simultaneous equations yields:
fi = 1 - f*2 - f3
f2 = (7/6) - (W6) - (l/u.r)
(7/6) - (n.,/6) - (1/Ha)
f3 = (Lu-nn-f?)
5
The depletion fraction to account for radioactive decay is then approximated by:
fi exp(-/wx) + f2 exp[-/w(x/|_ia)] + f3 exp[-/w(x/6)]
where:
Xr = effective decay constant in plume (sec"1) [ANLAM]
|j,a = Arithmetic-average wind speed [UDAV]
x = downwind distance (m)
60
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For precipitation scavenging losses, the depletion fraction is:
fi exp(-Ox) + f2 exp[-0(x/|_ia)] + f3 exp[-0(x/6)]
where is the scavenging coefficient (sec"1).
The overall depletion fraction is calculated by multiplying the depletion fraction for dry deposition
by the fraction for radioactive decay and precipitation scavenging.
12.1.6 Dispersion Coefficients
Horizontal and vertical dispersion coefficients (oy and az) used for dispersion calculation in
CONCEN and for depletion fraction determination in QY are taken from recommendations by G.A.
Briggs of the Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Laboratory at Oak Ridge, Tennessee (Mo79,
Gi76). The coefficients are different functions of the downwind distance x for each Pasquill
stability category for open-country conditions, as shown:
Pasquill
C7y
oz
category
(m)
(m)
A
0.22 x (l+0.0001x)"/2
0.20 x
B
0.16 x (l+0.0001x)"/2
0.12 x
C
0.11 x (l+0.0001x)"1/2
0.08 x (l+0.0002x)"1/2
D
0.08 x (l+0.0001x)"/2
0.06 x (l+0.0015x)"/2
E
0.06 x (l+0.0001x)"/2
0.03 x (1+0.0003X)"1
F
0.04 x (l+0.0001x)"/2
0.016 x (l+0.0003x)_1
G
calculated by subtracting half the difference between
values for categories E and F from the value for
category F.
where:
x = downwind distance
CAP88-PC uses the functions in the form of
<3y = XA/C
az = xD /F
to facilitate integrations over x. Values for A, C, D, and F for each stability category and downwind
distance are stored in a data statement.
61
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12.1.7 Area Sources
Uniform area sources are modeled in CAP88-PC using a method described by Mills and Reeves, as
modified by Christopher Nelson, EPA, and implemented by Culkowski and Patterson (Mo79). The
method transforms the original area source into an annular segment with the same area. The
transformation is dependent on the distance between the centroid of the area source and the
receptor. At large distances (where the distance/diameter ratio is 2.5), the area source is modeled as
a point source; at close distances it becomes a circular source centered at the receptor. A point
source model is also used if the area source is 10 meters in diameter or less.
The principle of reciprocity is used to calculate the effective chi/Q. The problem is equivalent to
interchanging source and receptor and calculating the mean chi/Q from a point source to one or
more sector segments according to the angular width of the transformed source. The mean value of
chi/Q for each sector segment is estimated by calculating chi/Q at the distance which would provide
the exact value of the mean if the variation in chi/Q were proportional to r"15 for distances from the
point source to location within the sector segment. The chi/Q for the entire transformed source is
the sum of the chi/Q values for each sector weighted by the portion of the total annular source
contained in that sector.
12.1.8 Carbon-14 and Tritium
Special consideration is given to the radionuclides hydrogen-3 (tritium), carbon-14, and radon-222.
The specific activity of tritium in air is calculated based on the input absolute humidity, which has a
default value of 8 g/m3. The specific activity of atmospheric carbon-14 is calculated for a carbon
dioxide concentration of 330 ppm by volume. Concentrations of these nuclides in vegetation are
calculated on the assumption that the water and carbon content in vegetation are from the
atmosphere and have the same specific activity as in the atmosphere. Drinking water is assumed to
be one percent (1%) tritiated. For tritium in the vapor phase the inhalation dose and risk factors
have been multiplied by 1.5 to account for the skin uptake pathway that is not specifically modeled
in CAP88. The ingestion dose and risk factors have been multiplied by 2.0 to account for the dose
from organically bound tritium. Also for tritium dose and risk, CAP88-PC version 3 uses the FGR-
13 vapor phase (HTO) dose factors when the organic form is selected in order to bring the code into
conformance with the recommendations of the Environmental Monitoring for Radiation Safety
working group, which recognizes that releases of the organic form must be converted to tritiated
water or organically bond tritium in order to produce internal dose.
12.1.9 Rn-222 Working Levels
The radon decay product concentration (in working level units) is estimated using an equilibrium
fraction that varies as a function of travel time, assuming a wind speed of 3.5 meters/second, with a
final equilibrium fraction of 0.7.
Equilibrium fractions for radon decay products are calculated as a function of downwind distance,
starting at 0.267 at 150 meters and reaching a final equilibrium fraction of 0.698 at 19,551 meters.
Equilibrium fractions for specific distances are calculated by linear interpolation, using this table:
62
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Distance Equilibrium
(meters') Fraction
150
.267
200
.273
250
.276
300
.278
400
.284
500
.289
600
.293
800
.302
1000
.311
1500
.331
2000
.349
2500
.366
3000
.382
4000
.414
5000
.443
6000
.471
8000
.522
10000
.566
15000
.650
19551
.698
12.1.10 Ground Surface Concentrations
Ground surface and soil concentrations are calculated for those nuclides subject to deposition due to
dry deposition and precipitation scavenging. The deposition accumulation time, [TSUBB], is
assumed to be 100 years. This value corresponds to establishing a 100-year cutoff for the time
following a release when any significant intake or external exposure associated with deposition on
soil might take place.
Ingrowth from a parent radionuclide is calculated using a decay product ingrowth factor. The
ingrowth factor is the ratio of the decay product concentration resulting from a unit deposition rate
of the parent and the decay product respectively. The factors are for a 100 year accumulation time
and a removal rate from soil of 2 percent per year.
12.1.11 Buildup Factor Method
Build-up factors are used to calculate the isotopic activity in the soil at the end of the analysis time
period as input to the groundshine and ingestion pathway doses (the analysis time is defined by the
Buildup Time in Years field on the Run Option tab). Build-up factors in CAP88-PC version 3 are
calculated using a method where the constant release rate for each input radioisotope is broken into
a series of releases occurring in each time step over the analysis time period. The analysis time
period and the length of the time step are selectable by the user. The activity released in each time
step is decayed using a modified Bateman equation solution to generate the decay chain activity
63
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concentrations at the end of the analysis time period. The Bateman equation solution is modified to
account for a 2% per year removal rate over the analysis period. The general Bateman solution for
the ith radioisotope in a chain is well known; the solution implemented in CAP88-PC V3 can be
arrived at using LaPlace Transform methods to solve for nf(t), the number of atoms of the zth
radionuclide in the decay series as a function of time by the process:
1. Write the differential equation
2. Take the LaPlace transform of the differential equation
3. Solve for N(s)
4. Use partial fractions to rewrite N(s) as a sum of terms whose inverse LaPlace
transforms are known
5. Take the inverse LaPlace transform of N(s)
For i > 1, the number of atoms of the zth radionuclide in the radioactive decay chain as a function of
time can be calculated by solving the following first order differential equation:
~J~ = ^ i"/ (1)
at
where //,(/) and //, ,(/) are the number atoms of the zth and (/ - l)lh radionuclide in the decay chain,
respectively, and Xi and , are the decay constants of the zthand (/ - l)lh radionuclide in the
decay chain, respectively. Taking the LaPlace Transform of Equation (1):
s^i (-v) " (°) = (*) " W (-v) (2)
For i > 1, ii (o) = 0 . Solving Equation (2) for Nt (5):
(3)
The LaPlace transforms for i = 1,2, and 3, and i are given below:
N
S + Aj
n2(s)= A"'(0)
(s + ^X5 + 4)
A'3 (.v) = ¦ A2M(o)
(5 + /L3)(s + A2\s + A1)
m "1 (°) fx \ "1 (°) 4-i \ (4)
¦X(S) (s.aAUs I) (s-D(s-A ) (s + l) (4)
Using partial fractions to rewrite Equation (4) for Nt (5):
Ni{s) = ii]{q)Yj( C™ (5)
m=As + K)
64
-------
where
2-1
rk
k=1
(6)
m i-i
Taking the inverse LaPlace transform of Equation (5):
i
nXt) = ni (°)Zc/v
(7)
m=1
Which provides the activity for isotope i from decay and ingrowth over the time period defined by
the analysis period minus the time at which for that release time step occurred. The activity
generated by the Bateman solution (A;b) for each isotope is then subject to a removal calculation:
Ajf(t) = Aib(t)*(l-. 02/365.25) y where Af(t) is the final activity for isotope i at the end of the
analysis time period, and_y is the time period from the time step to the end of the analysis time.
The calculation is repeated for every parent isotope with an activity greater than 0 in the input
isotope list for each stack. Activities for common isotopes that occur in multiple chains and stacks
are combined to get the final build-up factor for each isotope.
CAP88-PC uses a database of dose and risk factors provided in Federal Guidance Report 13
(EPA99) for estimating dose and risk. Relevant portions of these documents are reproduced here,
as referenced.
Dose and risk conversion factors include the effective dose equivalent calculated according to the
methods in ICRP Publication Number 72 (ICRP72). Although FGR 13 contains age-dependent
dose factors, CAP88-PC only uses the adult factors in order to retain consistency with previous
versions. The risk factors used are those for lifetime fatal cancer risk (mortality) per FGR 13. Dose
and risk factors for the pathways of ingestion and inhalation intake, ground level air immersion and
ground surface irradiation are used in order to remain consistent with versions 1 and 2 of CAP88-
PC. Factors are further broken down by particle size [SIZE], clearance category [FMSTYPE],
chemical form [CHEMFORM], and gut-to-blood [GI ING and GI INH] transfer factors. These
factors are stored in a database for use by the program.
For assessments where Rn-222 decay products are not considered, estimates of dose and risk are
made by combining the inhalation and ingestion intake rates, air and ground surface concentrations
with the appropriate dose and risk conversion factors. CAP88-PC lists the dose and risk to the
maximum individual and the collective population. CAP88-PC calculates dose to the 23 internal
organs modeled in FGR 13, in addition to the 50 year effective dose equivalent. Risks are estimated
for the 15 cancer sites modeled in FGR 13. Doses and risks can be further tabulated as a function of
radionuclide, pathway, location and organ.
For assessments of Rn-222 decay products, CAP88-PC calculates working levels, not
concentrations of specific radionuclides. A working level [WLEVEL] is defined as any
12.2
Dose and Risk Estimates
65
-------
combination of short-lived radon decay products in 1 liter of air that will result in the ultimate
emission of 1.3 x 105 MeV of alpha particle energy. CAP88-PC calculates risk, but not dose, from
the working level calculations. Risk to the maximum individual and the collective population are
tabulated. The radon methods were not modified in Version 3 of CAP88-PC from those in Version
2.1.
For each assessment, CAP88-PC tabulates the frequency distribution of risk, that is, the number of
people at various levels of risk (lifetime risk). The risk categories are divided into powers of ten,
from 1 in ten to one in a million. The number of health effects is also tabulated for each risk
category.
12.2.1 Air Immersion
Individual dose is calculated for air immersion with the general equation:
Eij(k) DFjji Kj
P(k)
where:
Ey(k) = exposure rate, person-pCi/cm3 [EXPP]
DFiji = Dose rate factor, mrem/nCi-yr/m3 [DOSE]
P(k) = number of exposed people [POP]
Kj = 0.001 nCi/pCi x 1,000,000 cm3/m3 (proportionality factor) [FAC]
Risk is calculated similarly, by substituting the risk conversion factor, RFyi [RISK], for DFyi
[DOSE], The risk conversion factor is in units of risk/nCi-yr/m3.
12.2.2 Surface Exposure
Individual dose is calculated for ground surface exposure with the general equation:
EiiOO DFiii Kj
P(k)
where:
Ey(k) = exposure rate, person-pCi/cm2 [EXPP]
DF^ = Dose rate factor, mrem/nCi-yr/m2 [DOSE]
P(k) = number of exposed people [POP]
Kj = 0.001 nCi/pCi x 10,000 cm2/m2 (proportionality factor) [FAC]
Risk is calculated by substituting the risk conversion factor, RFyi [RISK], for DFyi [DOSE], The
risk conversion factor is in units of risk/nCi-yr/m2 .
12.2.3 Ingestion and Inhalation
Individual dose is calculated for the ingestion and inhalation exposure pathway with the general
equation:
EiiOO DFiii Kj
66
-------
P(k)
where:
Eij(k)
DFiji
P(k)
exposure rate, person-pCi/cm3 [EXPP]
Dose rate factor, mrem/nCi-yr/m3 [DOSE]
number of exposed people [POP]
0.001 nCi/pCi x 1,000,000 cm3/m3 (proportionality factor) [FAC]
Risk is calculated by substituting the risk conversion factor, RISK (risk/nCi), for DOSE.
12.2.4 Maximally-Exposed Individual
Doses for the maximally-exposed individual in population runs are estimated by CAP88-PC for the
location, or sector-segment in the radial assessment grid, of highest risk where at least one
individual actually resides. The effective dose equivalent for the maximally-exposed individual is
tabulated in mrem/yr for a 50 year exposure. Risk is estimated as total lifetime risk for a lifetime
exposure.
12.2.5 Collective Population
Collective population dose and risk are found by summing, for all sector segments, the intake and
exposure rates multiplied by the appropriate dose or risk conversion factors (ORNL5692).
Collective population dose is reported by person-Rem/yr (not millirem), and collective risk is
reported in deaths/yr. Note that collective risk is reported as annual risk, while maximally-exposed
individual risk is reported as lifetime risk.
67
-------
13. REFERENCES
Be86 "Comparison of AIRDOS-EPA Predictions of Ground-Level Airborne Radionuclide
Concentrations to Measured Values", S.K. Beal and S.C. Cohen, S. Cohen and Associates, 8200
Riding Ridge Place, McLean, VA 22102, H.J. Chmelynski, Jack Faucett Associates, Suite 200,
7300 Pearl St., Bethesda, MD 20814, B.S. Parks and J. Hardin, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460, 1986.
Br69 Briggs, G.A., "Plume Rise, AEC Critical Review Series", TID-25075, 1969.
EPA89 EPA 520/1-89-005 Risk Assessment Methodology: Draft Environmental Impact Statement
for Proposed NESHAPS for Radionuclides, Volume 1, Background Information Document, United
States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. 20460,
February 1989.
EPA92 EPA 402-B-92-001 User's Guide For CAP88-PC, Version 1.0, United States Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas Facility, P.O. Box 98517, Las Vegas,
NV 89193-8517, March 1992.
EPA99 EPA 402-R-99-001 Federal Guidance Report 13, "Cancer Risk Coefficients for
Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides", USEPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air,
Washington, DC, 1999
Gi76 Gifford, F.A., Jr., "Turbulent diffusion-typing schemes: A review", Nuclear Safety 17(1):68-
86, 1976.
ICRP26 International Commission on Radiological Protection, Recommendations of the
International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 26, Ann. ICRP, 1, (1),
Pergamon Press, 1977.
ICRP72 International Commission on Radiological Protection, "Age Dependent Doses to Members
of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides, Part 5. Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Dose
Coefficients" ICRP Publication 72, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1996.
Mo79 Moore, R.E., Baes, C.F.III, McDowell-Boyer, L.M., Watson, A.P., Hoffman, F.O., Pleasant,
J.C., Miller, C.W., "AIRDOS-EPA: A Computerized Methodology for Estimating Environmental
Concentrations and Dose to Man from Airborne Releases of Radionuclides", (Reprint of ORNL-
5532), EPA 520/1-79-009, U.S. EPA Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C., 20460.
NCRP123 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, "Screening Models for
Releases of Radionuclides to Atmosphere, Surface Water, and Ground", NCRP Report 123 Volume
1, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 1996.
ORNL5952 ORNL-5952: PREPAR: A User-Friendly Preprocessor to Create AIRDOS-EPA Input
Data Sets, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
68
-------
ORNL7745: Estimates of Health Risk From Exposure to Radioactive Pollutants, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
ORNL7105 ORNL/TM-7105: A Combined Methodology for Estimating Dose Rates and Health
Effects From Exposures to Radioactive Pollutants, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee.
ORNL5692 ORNL-5692/DE81030434 DARTAB: A Program to Combine Airborne Radionuclide
Environmental Exposure Data With Dosimetric Health Effect Data to Generate Tabulations of
Predicted Health Impact, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, November 1981.
Pa61 Pasquill, F., "The Estimation of the Dispersion of Windborne Material", Meteorology
Magazine, 90:33, 1961.
Pa97 Parks, Barry., " CAP88-PC Version 2.0 User's Guide", June 1997.
Ru48 Rupp, E.M., Beall, S.E., Bornwasser, L.P., Johnson, D.H., "Dilution of Stack Gases in Cross
Winds", USAEC Report AECD-1811 (CE-1620), Clinton Laboratories, 1948.
S168 Slade, D.H. (ed.), "Meteorology and Atomic Energy - 1968", U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission/Division of Technical Information, USAED TID-24190, 1968.
Tu69 Turner, D.B. "Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates", Air Pollution Control
Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1969.
Va68 Van der Hoven, I., "Deposition of particles and gasses", pp. 202-208, In Slade, D. (ed.),
Meteorology and Atomic Energy - 1968, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, USAED TID-24190.
69
-------
Appendix B
STAR FILE FORMAT
This is a STability ARay (STAR) file. It shows the frequencies of occurrence that the wind is
blowing FROM a particular direction, at a particular stability, at a particular speed. GETWIND
converts the star array to a WIND file which shows wind blowing TOWARD (not FROM)
particular directions. The frequencies are in x.xxxxx format, unspaced. The format is:
column 1
2-4
5
6
7
8-
¦14
15-21
22-28
29-35
36-42
43-49
N
A
NNE
A
NE
A
ENE
A
E
A
ESE
A
SE
A
SSE
A
S
A
ssw
A
sw
A
wsw
A
w
A
WNW
A
NW
A
NNW
A
N
B
NNE
B
NE
B
ENE
B
E
B
ESE
B
SE
B
SSE
B
S
B
SSW
B
sw
B
wsw
B
w
B
WNW
B
NW
B
NNW
B
N
C
NNE
C
Blank
Wind Direction
Blank
Stability Category
Blank
Start of the Wind Speed Categories (knots)
Wind Speeds 1-3 (knots)
Wind Speeds 4-6 (knots)
Wind Speeds 7-10 (knots)
Wind Speeds 11-16 (knots)
Wind Speeds 17-21 (knots)
Wind Speeds >21 (knots)
000080.000660.000000.000000.000000.00000
000160.000330.000000.000000.000000.00000
000160.000160.000000.000000.000000.00000
000080.000000.000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.000000.000000.00000
000160.000160.000000.000000.000000.00000
000410.000490.000000.000000.000000.00000
000160.000330.000000.000000.000000.00000
000330.000410.000000.000000.000000.00000
000740.000410.000000.000000.000000.00000
000570.000410.000000.000000.000000.00000
000570.001070.000000.000000.000000.00000
000330.000330.000000.000000.000000.00000
000330.000570.000000.000000.000000.00000
000160.000490.000000.000000.000000.00000
001860.001390.000250.000000.000000.00000
001800.000820.000000.000000.000000.00000
002130.000660.000000.000000.000000.00000
000410.000160.000000.000000.000000.00000
000410.000160.000000.000000.000000.00000
000330.000820.000080.000000.000000.00000
000740.001880.000000.000000.000000.00000
001480.002620.000250.000000.000000.00000
001560.002460.000080.000000.000000.00000
001230.001720.000160.000000.000000.00000
001390.001800.000330.000000.000000.00000
002130.002130.000740.000000.000000.00000
003120.002300.000160.000000.000000.00000
001880.002460.000330.000000.000000.00000
001310.003610.000250.000000.000000.00000
002050.003440.000080.000000.000000.00000
003440.003280.000900.000080.000000.00000
002620.001480.000080.000000.000000.00000
B-l
-------
NE
c
0.003120.000820
ENE
c
0.001390.001070
E
c
0.001070.001310
ESE
c
0.000570.000820
SE
c
0.001390.002460
SSE
c
0.001970.005900
S
c
0.001390.005740
ssw
c
0.001390.002790
sw
c
0.001800.004430
wsw
c
0.002210.004020
w
c
0.003940.006310
WNW
c
0.002700.004840
NW
c
0.003030.005900
NNW
c
0.003610.006890
N
D
0.010000.013360
NNE
D
0.005570.007300
NE
D
0.004590.003200
ENE
D
0.002870.003770
E
D
0.002210.004430
ESE
D
0.002790.003280
SE
D
0.002620.007460
SSE
D
0.002300.013030
S
D
0.002300.010580
SSW
D
0.004100.007130
sw
D
0.005410.016070
wsw
D
0.003030.010250
w
D
0.003850.011230
WNW
D
0.004100.008940
NW
D
0.007460.013200
NNW
D
0.011070.013200
N
E
0.007460.014180
NNE
E
0.006070.011480
NE
E
0.003770.008120
ENE
E
0.003940.007210
E
E
0.004670.012460
ESE
E
0.003770.007050
SE
E
0.002380.011970
SSE
E
0.002620.009590
S
E
0.002380.007130
SSW
E
0.002460.004260
sw
E
0.002620.003940
wsw
E
0.001390.002790
w
E
0.002790.009020
WNW
E
0.003770.010410
NW
E
0.006480.012620
NNW
E
0.010250.018120
N
F
0.000410.001070
NNE
F
0.000570.001970
NE
F
0.000980.000900
ENE
F
0.000330.002210
E
F
0.001230.001800
ESE
F
0.000660.001480
SE
F
0.000330.000820
SSE
F
0.000080.000490
S
F
0.000160.000250
SSW
F
0.000160.000000
000080.000000.000000.00000
000160.000000.000000.00000
000250.000000.000000.00000
000900.000000.000000.00000
002790.000410.000000.00000
004260.000330.000000.00000
001880.000330.000000.00000
001310.000080.000000.00000
003770.000490.000000.00000
004260.000820.000000.00000
003360.000330.000000.00000
002380.000080.000000.00000
003120.000080.000000.00000
001720.000080.000000.00000
007300.001070.000000.00000
002870.000250.000080.00000
000570.000160.000000.00000
001070.000160.000000.00000
002460.000660.000000.00000
006560.002950.000570.00008
025170.015490.001230.00000
026310.010660.000490.00008
011310.005490.000490.00016
005820.005250.001070.00016
016560.009840.000980.00016
018850.011390.000660.00000
021310.014020.002210.00016
015830.011230.000740.00016
019590.011480.000330.00000
014510.003610.000080.00008
001150.000000.000000.00000
000330.000000.000000.00000
000250.000000.000000.00000
000250.000000.000000.00000
000330.000000.000000.00000
001880.000000.000000.00000
008120.000000.000000.00000
004510.000000.000000.00000
002460.000000.000000.00000
000980.000000.000000.00000
002300.000000.000000.00000
001800.000000.000000.00000
003610.000000.000000.00000
002130.000000.000000.00000
003440.000000.000000.00000
003520.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
B-2
-------
SW F 0.000000.000080.000000.000000.000000.00000
WSW F 0.000160.000080.000000.000000.000000.00000
W F 0.000080.000490.000000.000000.000000.00000
WNW F 0.000740.001230.000000.000000.000000.00000
NW F 0.000410.001070.000000.000000.000000.00000
NNW F 0.000250.001720.000000.000000.000000.00000
94823.STR is a sample file containing typical data which can be found on the installation disk.
B-3
-------
Appendix C
STATE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
The following values are Beef Cattle Densities, Milk Cattle Densities, and Vegetable Crop Food
Fractions by state.
State
Beef
Milk
Vegetable
Alabama
1.520E-01
7.020E-03
4.160E-03
Alaska
0.000E+0
0.000E+0
0.000E+0
Arkansas
1.270E-01
5.900E-03
1.460E-03
Arizona
3.730E-02
2.800E-03
2.900E-03
California
8.810E-02
2.850E-02
1.180E-02
Colorado
1.130E-01
3.500E-03
1.390E-02
Connecticut
3.600E-02
2.500E-03
7.930E-03
Wash. D C.
0.000E+0
0.000E+0
0.000E+0
Delaware
6.480E-02
2.720E-02
5.850E-02
Florida
1.280E-01
1.370E-02
6.920E-03
Georgia
1.430E-01
8.630E-03
2.170E-03
Hawaii
0.000E+0
0.000E+0
0.000E+0
Idaho
7.190E-02
8.560E-03
7.150E-02
Illinois
3.330E-01
2.160E-02
2.800E-02
Indiana
3.340E-01
2.800E-02
2.720E-02
Iowa
7.400E-01
3.140E-02
2.430E-02
Kansas
2.900E-01
8.000E-03
5.970E-02
Kentucky
2.650E-01
2.570E-02
3.980E-03
Louisiana
1.080E-01
9.620E-03
4.350E-02
Maine
7.650E-03
8.070E-03
5.970E-02
Maryland
1.090E-01
6.110E-02
1.110E-02
Massachusetts
2.900E-02
3.130E-02
4.960E-03
Michigan
7.900E-02
3.510E-02
1.700E-02
Minnesota
1.850E+0
4.880E-02
3.050E-02
Mississippi
1.750E-01
8.700E-03
1.070E-03
Missouri
3.430E-01
1.890E-02
8.140E-03
Montana
7.290E-02
9.270E-04
8.780E-03
Nebraska
3.500E-01
8.780E-03
2.390E-02
Nevada
1.840E-02
5.650E-04
8.920E-03
New
Hampshire
1.400E-02
1.580E-02
6.690E-02
New Jersey
4.250E-02
3.290E-02
1.820E-02
New Mexico
4.130E-02
1.140E-03
1.380E-03
C-l
-------
State
Beef
Milk
Vegetable
New York
5.830E-02
8.560E-02
1.880E-02
North
Carolina
1.020E-01
1.260E-02
6.320E-03
North Dakota
1.180E-01
6.250E-03
6.290E-02
Ohio
2.030E-01
4.560E-02
1.700E-02
Oklahoma
2.680E-01
7.130E-03
2.800E-02
Oregon
4.560E-02
4.530E-03
1.590E-02
Pennsylvania
9.630E-02
6.460E-02
1.320E-02
Rhode Island
2.500E-02
2.300E-02
4.540E-02
South
Carolina
8.870E-02
7.020E-03
1.840E-03
South Dakota
2.320E-01
8.850E-03
1.200E-02
Tennessee
2.110E-01
2.000E-03
2.720E-03
Texas
1.900E-01
5.300E-03
5.770E-03
Utah
2.840E-02
4.460E-03
1.830E-03
Vermont
4.710E-02
8.880E-02
1.080E-03
Virginia
1.310E-01
1.840E-02
8.700E-03
Washington
5.620E-02
1.500E-02
5.200E-02
West Virginia
6.230E-02
6.000E-03
1.160E-03
Wisconsin
1.810E-01
1.430E-01
1.789E-02
Wyoming
5.120E-02
5.790E-04
1.590E-03
C-2
-------
Appendix D
WEATHER DATA LIBRARY
ALABAMA
HSV0544 Huntsville, AL
ARIZONA:
INW0314 Winslow, AZ
PNX0309 Phoenix, AZ
ARKANSAS:
LIT0516
LIT0165
Little Rock, AR
Little Rock, AR
CALIFORNIA:
BUR1051
LAX0304
LGB1052
NZY0380
OAK0319
SAC0320
SBA0313
SNA1467
SUU0316
Burbank, CA
Los Angeles, CA
Long Beach, CA
San Diego, CA
Oakland, CA
Sacramento, CA
Santa Barbara, CA
Santa Ana, CA
Fairfield/Travis CA
COLORADO:
DEN0618 Denver, CO
DEN0952 Denver, CO
EEE1420 Eagle Co., CO
GJT0476 Grand Junction, CO
PUB0564 Pueblo, CO
CONN:
BDL1262 Hartford, CT
BDR0558 Bridgeport, CT
NHZ0180 Brunswick, CT
DELAWARE
ILG1058 Wilmington, DE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
DCA1047 Washington, DC
60/1-64/12
49/1-54/12
55/1-64/12
55/1-64/12
72/2-73/2
60/1-64/12
64/5-69/4
60/1-64/12
67/1-71/12
60/1-64/12
66/1-70/12
60/1-64/12
72/1-76/12
60/1-64/12
60/1-64/12
70/1-74/12
76/1-76/12
60/1-64/12
66/1-70/12
55/1-64/12
65/1-69/12
60/1-69/12
60/1-64/12
68/1-73/12
D-l
-------
FLORIDA:
MIA0979 Miami, FL
PBI0054 West Palm Beach, FL
TLH0663 Tallahassee, FL
TPA0662 Tampa, FL
TPA0915 Tampa, FL
MCO0838 Orlando, FL
70/1-74/12
70/1-70/12
60/1-64/12
60/1-64/12
69/1-73/12
74/1-74/12
GEORGIA:
AGS 1018 Augusta, GA
AMB0771 Alma, GA
CSG0767 Columbus, GA
70/1-74/12
54/1-58/12
69/1-73/12
IDAHO:
BOI0653 Boise, ID
MLP1448 Mullan Pass, ID
PIH0359 Pocatello, ID
60/1-64/12
50/1-54/12
58/1-62/12
ILLINOIS:
MDW0675 Chicago/Midway, IL 73/1-73/12
MLI0269 Moline/Quad City IL 67/1-71/12
ORD0452 Chicago/OHare, IL 65/1-69/12
PIA0716 Peoria, IL 65/1-69/12
RAN0234 Rantoul/Chanute AFB IL 63/1-67/12
SPI0415 Springfield, IL 67/1-71/12
INDIANA:
EVV0406 Evansville, IN 60/1-64/12
FWA1156 Ft. Wayne, IN 60/1-64/12
IND1080 Indianapolis, IN 55/1-74/12
SBN0257 South Bend, IN 67/1-71/12
IOWA:
ALO0729 Waterloo, IA
DSM0753 Des Moines, IA
60/1-64/12
72/1-72/12
KANSAS:
FLV0561 Ft Leavenworth, KS
MKC1323 Kansas City, KS
TOP0534 Topeka, KS
KENTUCKY:
CVG0403 Covington, KY
CVG1916 Covington, KY
PAH0479 Paducah, KY
62/1-70/12
67/1-71/12
63/1-72/12
58/1-62/12
70/1-74/12
60/1-64/12
D-2
-------
LOUISIANA:
BTR0169 Baton Rouge, LA
BTR0166 Baton Rouge, LA
NBG1379 New Orleans, LA
MARYLAND:
BALI059 Baltimore, MD
FME1207 Ft Meade, MD
NHK1306 Patuxent River, MD
MASS:
BED0181 Bedford, MA
BOS0211 Boston/Logan, MA
CEFO182 Chicopee Falls MA
NZW1144 So. Weymouth, MA
MICHIGAN:
BTL1460 Battle Creek, MI
TVC0844 Traverse City, MI
MKG0251 Muskegon County, MI
YIP 1061 Detroit, MI
MINNESOTA
MSP0267 Minneapolis/St. PI, MN
MISSOURI:
COU0170 Columbia, MO
STL0603 St. Louis, MO
MISSISSIPPI:
B1X0538 Biloxi, MS
CGM0670 Columbus, MS
SGF0178 Springfield, MS
JAN 1169 Jackson, MS
MONTANA:
BIL0331 Billings, MT
BTM0357 Butte, MT
NEBRASKA:
LNK1142 Lincoln, NE
OMA0991 Omaha/Eppley, NB
NEVADA:
UCC1026 Yucca Flats, NV
72/1-72/12
55/1-64/12
67/1-71/12
69/1-73/12
60/1-64/12
75/1-75/12
63/1-67/12
67/1-71/12
60/1-64/12
70/1-74/12
50/1-54/12
74/1-74/12
67/1-71/12
63/10-68/9
67/1-71/12
64/1-68/12
60/1-64/12
60/1-64/12
66/1-70/12
66/1-70/12
55/1-64/12
67/1-71/12
56/1-60/12
59/1-63/12
55/1-64/12
61/12-64/11
D-3
-------
NEW JERSEY
NEL0505 Lakehurst, NJ
68/1-72/12
NEW MEXICO:
ABQ0282 Albuquerque, NM
CNM1741 Carlsbad, NM
FMN0285 Farmington, NM
GNT1246 Grants, NM
SAF1184 Santa Fe, NM
60/1-64/12
50/1-54/12
63/5-68/4
54/1-54/12
50/1-54/12
NEW YORK:
ALB0523 Albany, NY
BUF0741 Buffalo, NY
HPN0429 White Plain, NY
IAG0905 Niagra Falls, NY
LEAO189 New York/LaGuardia
LEA0435 NY/Ft Totte, NY
ROC0598 Rochester, NY
SWF0185 Newburgh, NY
60/1-64/12
73/1-73/12
49/1-53/12
55/1-59/12
65/1-70/12
65/1-69/12
55/1-64/12
65/1-69/12
NORTH CAROLINA:
CLT0682 Charlotte, NC
FBG0075 Ft Bragg, NC
HAT0392 Cape Hatteras, NC
INT0531 Winston Salem, NC
NKT0106 Cherry Pt, NC
ILM0104 Wilmington, NC
RDU0083 Raleigh, NC
69/1-73/12
66/1-70/12
66/1-70/12
60/1-64/12
67/1-71/12
66/1-70/12
66/1-70/12
NORTH DAKOTA:
DIK0509 Dickinson, ND
60/1-64/12
OHIO:
CLE1140 Cleveland, OH
CMH0243 Columbus, OH
DAY0404 Dayton, OH
DAY 1502 Dayton, OH
IBG0745 Perry, OH
TOL0990 Toledo, OH
70/1-74/12
60/1-64/12
65/1-69/12
76/1-76/12
49/1-49/12
60/1-64/12
OREGON
PDX0364 Portland, OR
67/1-71/12
PENNSYLVANIA:
AVP0499 Wilkes-Barre, PA
ERI0610 Erie, PA
HAR0631 Harrisburg, PA
RDG0184 Reading, PA
60/1-64/12
64/1-73/12
64/1-64/12
49/1-49/12
D-4
-------
RHODE ISLAND:
PVD0560 Providence, RI
68/1-72/12
SOUTH CAROLINA:
CAE1371 Columbia, SC
FL00600 Florence/Gilbert SC
GSP0528 Greenville/Sparta SC
MYR1027 Myrtle Beach, SC
56/1-75/12
60/1-64/12
68/1-72/12
66/1-70/12
SOUTH DAKOTA:
RAP0336 Rapid City, SD
67/1-71/12
TENNESSEE:
BNA0149 Nashville, TN
CHA0711 Chattanooga, TN
MEMO 143 Memphis, TN
TRI1191 Bristol, TN
TYS1328 Knoxville, TN
66/1-70/12
68/1-73/12
67/1-71/12
74/1-74/12
55/1-64/12
TEXAS:
AMA0621 Amarillo, TX
CRP1459 Corpus Christi, TX
SAT0064 San Antonio, TX
55/1-64/12
73/7-77/6
60/1-64/12
UTAH:
HV40302 Hanksville, UT
SLC1411 Salt Lake City, UT
49/1-54/12
72/1-76/12
VIRGINIA:
IAD0398 Wash/Dulles, VA
GVE0824 Gordonsville, VA
ROA0526 Roanoke, VA
66/1-70/12
56/1-60/12
68/1-72/12
WASHINGTON:
GEG0360 Spokane, WA
MWH0486 Moses Lake, WA
YKM0484 Yakima, WA
67/1-71/12
61/1-65/12
50/1-54/12
WEST VIRGINIA:
CRW0655 Charleston, WV
HTS0019 Huntington, WV
68/1-73/12
67/1-71/12
WISCONSIN:
EAU0715 Eau Claire, WI
ERB0776 Green Bay, WI
69/1-73/12
64/1-73/12
D-5
-------
Appendix E
DIFFERENCES WITH MAINFRAME VERSIONS OF AIRDO S-EPA/DARTAB
There are differences between CAP88-PC and earlier versions of AIRDOS, PREPAR and
DARTAB. CAP88-PC is optimized for doing population assessments. Population arrays
must always be supplied to the program as a file, using the same format as the mainframe
version of CAP88. Sample population files are supplied with CAP88-PC, the user may
modify the supplied files to reflect their own population distributions. Population files for
the mainframe version of CAP88 may be downloaded in ASCII format and used with
CAP88-PC. CAP88-PC is programmed to use the distances in the population array to
determine the distances used to calculate concentrations, to eliminate human error.
CAP88-PC only uses circular grids; square grids are not an option. Direct user input of
concentrations is also not an option. Agricultural arrays are generated automatically, as a
function of state-specific productivity data, requiring the user to supply only the State
abbreviation or agricultural productivity values.
Note that input files generated with previous version of CAP88-PC or the mainframe
version will not run in CAP88-PC version 3.
CAP88-PC is also modified to do either "Radon-only" or "Non-Radon" runs, to conform
to the format of the 1988 Clean Air Act NESHAPS Rulemaking. "Radon-only"
assessments, which only have Rn-222 in the source term, automatically include working
level calculations; any other source term ignores working levels. Synopsis reports
customized to both formats are automatically generated.
Organs and weighting factors are modified to follow the ICRP-72 Effective Dose
Equivalent calculation, which eliminates flexibility on specifying organs and weighting
factors. The calculation of deposition velocity and the default scavenging coefficient is
also modified to incorporate current EPA policy.
Incorporation of FGR-13 Dose and Risk Factors
CAP88-PC Version 3 incorporates the dose and risk factors from Federal Guidance
Report 13 (FGR-13). Using the FGR-13 data also increased the supported isotope list to
825 from 256.
Organs and Weighting Factors
The FGR 13 model includes 23 organs and their associated weighting factors. The data
in the model also include a '24th organ', the effective dose equivalent. CAP88PC
Version 3 uses this new data structure to directly calculate total effective dose equivalent
rather than using the weighted sum of the organ doses. This method is also used for the
risk calculations. The list of organs contained in Version 3.0 is:
Adrenals
B Surface
Breasts
St Wall
ULI Wall
Kidneys
Lungs
Ovaries
Red Marrow
Spleen
Thymus
Uterus
Blood Wall
Brain
Esophagus
SI Wall
LLI Wall
Liver
Muscle
Pancreas
E-l
-------
Appendix E
DIFFERENCES WITH MAINFRAME VERSIONS OF AIRDO S-EPA/DARTAB
Skin Testes Thyroid Effective
ULI = Upper Large Intestine
LLI = Lower large Intestine
SI = Small Intestine
Changing the organ list or the weighting factors will invalidate the results.
Cancer Risk Sites
The FGR 13 data in CAP88PC Version 3 includes cancer morbidity and mortality risk
factors for 15 cancer induction sites, including the total risk listed as the 15th factor.
CAP88PC Version 3 only outputs results for cancer mortality risk, not cancer morbidity
risk. This is done to retain consistency with previous versions of the CAP88 model. The
cancer sites included in CAP88PC Version 3 are:
Esophagus Stomach Colon Liver Lung
Bone Skin Breast Ovaries Bladder
Kidneys Thyroid Leukemia Residual Total
As with the organ data, changing the cancer site information will invalidate the results.
Build-up Factors Calculated for the Specific Case
CAP88-PC Version 3 does not incorporate the old build-up factor methodology, which
utilized pre-calculated factors for a limited number of decay chains list. The greatly
expanded isotope list contained in the FGR-13 data required a more complete method for
calculating build-up factors that depended upon the actual isotopes selected during the
input process. Accordingly, CAP88-PC version 3 has removed the old method for
determining the radionuclide build-up and implemented a solution to the Modified
Bateman equations for progeny build-up and removal from surface soils that is consistent
with the build-up and removal process described in Section 8.1.10 of the CAP88-PC
manual. In the new method, activities for both parent and progeny isotopes are calculated
for each isotope with a non-zero activity release rate in the nuclide input list (the nuclides
released from the stacks). Progeny that occur in multiple chains for a stack release have
their respective chain activities summed after the build-up calculation is performed for
each chain. An example would be the activity of Ra-226 if U-238 and U-234 are both
listed as being released from the stack, and both have non-zero release activities. The
build-up time period is selectable by the user during the case input process. The default
period is 100 years, which corresponds to the hard-coded build-up factor period in
versions prior to version 3. The selectable build-up time permits analyses that calculate
dose and risk to receptors resulting from only the previous 1 year of activity releases.
Selectable Progeny Chain Length and Buidup Factor integration Time Step
CAP88-PC version 3 permits the user to select the length of the progeny chain for which
dose and risk will be calculated. Previous versions of CAP88-PC limited the decay chain
to a maximum of five isotopes. The selectable chain length permits analyses to include up
to the entire decay chain modeled in FGR-13. The default length is five isotopes. The
E-2
-------
Appendix E
DIFFERENCES WITH MAINFRAME VERSIONS OF AIRDO S-EPA/DARTAB
time step length for the buildup factor integration is also user-selectable. The default
value is one day, which is the minimum any case should need. Longer time steps will
speed up the buildup factor calculation but may reduce accuracy when isotopes with short
half lives are in the list of released isotopes. Time steps should not be selected that are
greater than 10% the length of the shortest half life for the isotopes being released from
the stacks.
NCRP-123 Elemental Transfer Factors
The plant and food chain transfer factors for each element are now the factors found in
publication 123 of the National Council on Radiation Protection. The old transfer factors
used through version 2.1 did not include all the elements that are in the FGR-13 dataset.
Population Arrays
Population arrays must be entered only as a file. In the 1985 CAAC version of
AIRDOSEPA/DARTAB, population arrays could be entered as instream data in
PREPAR. Population files for the mainframe version of CAP88 may be downloaded in
ASCII format and used with CAP88-PC. Sample population files are supplied with
CAP88-PC, the user may modify the supplied files to reflect their own population
distributions. The distances at the top of the population file are used by CAP88-PC to
determine the distances used in the assessment. This was programmed to eliminate errors
caused by mismatching the distances used to calculate concentrations with the distances
used to generate the population array. Distances used for calculating concentrations are
now automatically set in CAP88-PC so as to calculate concentrations for the midpoint of
each sector.
Distances
In population assessments, distances for calculating concentrations (IDIST) are calculated
automatically as a function of the distances in the population array file. CAP88-PC is
written to only allow user assignments of IDIST for individual assessments.
Agricultural Arrays
Arrays of milk cattle, beef cattle and agricultural crop area are automatically generated by
the CAP88-PC; the user is not required to supply the arrays. The arrays are generated to
match the distances used in the population arrays supplied to the code, and use State-
specific agricultural productivity values. The state name (standard two letter
abbreviation) must be provided to the variable STATE. Users are given the option to
override the default agricultural productivity values.
Radon-222 Assessments
Assessments for Radon-222 automatically include Working Level calculations. When the
only radionuclide entered is Rn-222, CAP88-PC assumes the run is a 'Radon Only' run;
in this case the code generates total effective dose and mortality risk resulting from the
Working Level calculations and omits the organ calculations. If Rn-222 is included as
part of a case that has multiple radioisotopes in the release source, then organ dose and
risk calculations are performed for the nuclides in the list, and the Working Level
E-3
-------
Appendix E
DIFFERENCES WITH MAINFRAME VERSIONS OF AIRDO S-EPA/DARTAB
calculations of total effective dose and mortality risk are also performed and reported.
Working Level calculations are only omitted if Rn-222 is not included in the isotope list.
Square Grids
Option 2 in earlier versions of AIRDOS-EPA allowed users to choose either a square (0)
or circular grid (1). Since CAP88-PC requires a circular grid for population assessments,
this option is not available.
Scavenging Coefficient
The subroutine SETSC (from PREPAR) is no longer used. The default scavenging
coefficient (SC) is now calculated as a function of rainfall rate (RR). The formula used is:
SC = RR * 1E-7. Users are given the option of overriding the default value.
Direct Input of Concentrations
In CAP88-PC, the user may not supply concentrations as input. The subroutine DIRECT
has been removed.
Deposition Velocity
The subroutine SETVD is no longer used to calculate deposition velocity (VD). VD is set
as follows:
Class VD (m/sec)
Iodine 3.5E-2
Particulate 1.8E-3
Gas 0
Equilibrium Fractions
CAP88-PC has the capability to vary equilibrium fractions; previously they were set to a
constant of 0.7. The new method varies the equilibrium fractions depending on the
distance from the source. Linear interpolation is used to determine the equilibrium
fractions for distances that do not match the set distances given. The equation is as
follows:
EFY = EFX + ((EFZ - EFX) * ((Y - X) / (Z - X)))
Where you have X Y Z
X and Z are the set distances given and Y is the user given distance (between X and Z).
The new method finds the equilibrium fraction for EFX, and EFZ is the value returned by
the subroutine SETEQUTLFRACTIONS corresponding to the set distances.
DOSMIC Subroutine
DOSMIC was modified to print only Working Levels. Working Levels are only output
for RN-222. Checks are performed before DOSMIC is called to determine if Working
Levels are needed.
Water Arrays
Arrays of water areas are not used in CAP88-PC
E-4
-------
Appendix E
DIFFERENCES WITH MAINFRAME VERSIONS OF AIRDO S-EPA/DARTAB
NOMA fix
CAP88-PC uses a slightly different approach in calculating NOMA, following discovery
of a potential error in the 1985 CAAC version of AIRDOS-EPA. In the earlier version,
this error caused multiple point sources to be treated as an area source if the nuclides
emitted from each stack had identical characteristics. This may cause some differences
with previous assessments.
Wind Frequencies
The GETWND routine has been modified to accept wind speeds greater than 10 m/sec.
Earlier versions would only accept wind speeds less than 10 m/sec, and there was a
problem with some facilities, which had high wind speeds, generating overflow errors in
the wind speed arrays. In order to accommodate higher wind speeds, and remain
compatible with existing wind data sets, precision limits force the calculations to truncate
the last digit in the wind speed data. This may cause a slight variation in the
determination of PERD, the wind frequency for each direction, caused by roundup error.
This may cause a variation in concentrations as compared with earlier versions of
PREPAR and AIRDOS.
E-5
-------
Appendix F
POPULATION FILE FORMAT
Users are encouraged to use site-specific population arrays with CAP88-PC. Users who have been
operating the CAP88 mainframe software may download their population files for use on the
CAP88-PC system. In order for CAP88-PC to recognize the new population files, they must be
copied to the \CAP88PC\POPFILES subdirectory, and the filename must have the .POP extension.
They must be in the same format as the following file.
It is critical that all information be in the same exact locations with the "$" sign being in the first
column of the first row of the file.
The population file name, latitude, and longitude on row 1 are information only for the purpose of
verifying that the file desired is the file the user has selected.
NRADS is the number of distances within the population file. The value associated with NRADS
must be in columns 68 and 69 of row 1 of the population file and the last digit must always found
column 69 (right justified).
Distances begin in row 2 and all numbers are right justified. The number of distances found in the file
will be the number specified by NRAD. The distances are edge points of each sector (the midpoints
used in the calculations will be calculated by the program) and are entered in the population file in
kilometers. The CAP88 programs will multiply each distance by 1000 before calculating the
midpoints and using them in the assessment. For example, the first distance in the file, .62 kilometers,
will become 620 meters and the midpoint calculated from that will be 310 meters. There can be up to
20 distances, but the typical number of distances is 13.
The population values are entered with distances across (columns) and directions down (rows);
however, each row will not be a new direction. There will be 20 distances for each direction
(regardless of the number of distances specified in the population file). The extra distances (usually 7)
will simply contain zero. There will always be 8 population values per row with the first value ending
at column 10 and each subsequent value ending at multiples of 10 with the last value per row ending
in column 80. This means that for the direction N, the population values will be contained on the first,
second and part of the third row of the distance-direction population values. The first population value
for the next direction, NNW, will be contained in columns 41 through 50 of the third row and
subsequent values for direction NNW will be contained on the remaining part of the third row, the
fourth and part of the fifth row. There are 16 directions in counterclockwise order starting with North.
The following is the population file PORTS.POP used in the sample assessment.
-------
CAP88-PC Version 3
Appendix G
MODTEST Sample Case Output Files
-------
CAP88-PC
Version 3.0
Clean Air Act Assessment Package - 1988
SYNOPSIS REPORT
Non-Radon Population Assessment
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
Facility: CAP88-PC Version 3
Address: 1111 Simulation Dr
City: Portsmouth
State: OH Zip: 45111
Source Category: Single Stack
Source Type: Stack
Emission Year: 2006
Comments: Modtest problem
for Version 3 User Manual
Effective Dose Equivalent
(mrem/year)
5.00E+02
At This Location:
805 Meters East Northeast
Dataset Name:
Dataset Date:
Wind File:
Population File:
12/10/2007 3:05:00 PM
C:\Program Files (x86)\CAP88-PC30\WindLib\PO
C:\Program Files (x86)\CAP88-PC30\Poplib\POR
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
SYNOPSIS
Page 1
MAXIMALLY EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL
Location Of The Individual:
Lifetime Fatal Cancer Risk:
805 Meters East Northeast
4 . 05E-04
ORGAN DOSE EQUIVALENT SUMMARY
Organ
Selected
Individual
(mrem/y)
Collective
Population
(person-rem/y)
Adrenals
B Surfac
Breasts
St Wall
ULI Wall
Kidneys
Lungs
Ovaries
R Marrow
Spleen
Thymus
Uterus
Bid Wall
Brain
Esophagu
SI Wall
LLI Wall
Liver
Muscle
Pancreas
Skin
Testes
Thyroid
EFFEC
2 . 10E + 00
4 . 78E + 01
2 . 28E + 00
2 . 16E + 00
2.52E+00
1.73E+01
1.86E+02
2.10E+00
5.29E+00
2.14E+00
2.12E+00
2.10E+00
2.14E+00
2.11E+00
4.35E+01
2.17E+00
3.31E+00
6.81E+00
2 . 25E + 00
2 . 08E + 00
2.72E+01
2.27E+00
2.18E+00
5.00E+02
3.78E+00
8.64E+01
4.10E+00
3.92E+00
4.88E+00
3.13E+01
2.27E+02
3.79E+00
9.54E+00
3.85E+00
3.82E+00
3.79E+00
3.85E+00
3.80E+00
5.39E+01
3.96E+00
6.93E+00
1.23E+01
4.04E+00
3.75E+00
4.82E+01
4.09E+00
3.93E+00
6.41E+02
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF LIFETIME FATAL CANCER RISKS
# of People Deaths/Year Deaths/Year
# of in This Risk in This in This Risk
Risk Range People Range or Higher Risk Range Range or Higher
1.0E+00 TO 1.0E-01 0 0
1.0E-01 TO 1.0E-02 0 0
1.0E-02 TO 1.0E-03 0 0
1.0E-03 TO 1.0E-04 194 194
1.0E-04 TO 1.0E-05 4495 4689
1.0E-05 TO 1.0E-06 78913 83602
LESS THAN 1.0E-06 578619 662221
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0 . 00E + 00
5.96E-04
1.27E-03
2.41E-03
2 . 2 3E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
5.96E-04
1.87E-03
4.28E-03
6.51E-03
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm SYNOPSIS
Page 2
RADIONUCLIDE EMISSIONS DURING THE YEAR 2006
Source
#1 TOTAL
Nuclide Type Size Ci/y Ci/y
U-238
M
1
1. 0EH
H01
1. 0EH
H01
U-235
M
1
1. 0EH
H01
1. 0EH
H01
U-234
M
1
CO
o
_l_
H00
CO
o
_l_
H00
SITE INFORMATION
Temperature: 10 degrees C
Precipitation: 100 cm/y
Humidity: 8 g/cu m
Mixing Height: 1000 m
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
SYNOPSIS
Page 3
SOURCE INFORMATION
Source Number: 1
Stack Height (m): 10.00
Diameter (m): 1.00
Plume Rise
Buoyant (cal/s): 1.00
(Heat Release Rate)
AGRICULTURAL DATA
Vegetable Milk Meat
Fraction Home Produced: 0.700 0.400 0.440
Fraction From Assessment Area: 0.300 0.600 0.560
Fraction Imported: 0.000 0.000 0.000
Beef Cattle Density: 2.03E-01
Milk Cattle Density: 4.56E-02
Land Fraction Cultivated
for Vegetable Crops: 1.70E-02
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
SYNOPSIS
Page 4
POPULATION DATA
Distance
(m)
Direction
805
2415
4025
5635
7245
12075
24150
N
0
0
19
443
803
3785
0
NNW
0
9
14
10
34
1069
3248
NW
0
121
0
371
141
1106
2284
WNW
0
0
0
0
33
922
1600
W
30
0
40
57
46
876
1348
WSW
57
6
9
16
20
569
1674
SW
46
7
57
224
20
707
1375
SSW
38
0
173
40
71
1631
3183
S
7
18
207
144
36
3518
30593
SSE
0
104
18
35
170
1656
13613
SE
7
39
10
3
75
986
4587
ESE
2
12
5
57
63
878
1980
E
6
54
40
2
96
1102
5808
ENE
1
65
37
93
95
1023
2435
NE
0
12
20
63
225
359
2329
NNE
0
10
82
79
567
2780
2266
Distance
(m)
Direction
40250
56350
72200
N
42304
7518
26978
NNW
4 62 8
4028
21176
NW
4111
12150
7605
WNW
6021
13838
9880
W
5591
7376
18285
WSW
2464
11058
17205
SW
1923
2702
5657
SSW
3732
6222
4633
S
4489
3037
14068
SSE
14145
43111
76266
SE
4108
4698
14064
ESE
6106
5645
25178
E
7400
4997
8015
ENE
11823
5583
9245
NE
2653
3232
16780
NNE
3879
7594
12216
-------
CAP88-PC
Version 3.0
Clean Air Act Assessment Package - 1988
DOSE AND RISK EQUIVALENT SUMMARIES
Non-Radon Population Assessment
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
Facility: CAP88-PC Version 3
Address: 1111 Simulation Dr
City: Portsmouth
State: OH Zip: 45111
Source Category: Single Stack
Source Type: Stack
Emission Year: 2006
Comments: Modtest problem
for Version 3 User Manual
Dataset Name:
Dataset Date: 12/10/2007 3:05:00 PM
Wind File: C:\Program Files (x8 6)\CAP8 8-PC3 0\WindLib\PORTS3 0.WND
Population File: C:\Program Files (x86)\CAP88-PC30\Poplib\PORTS.POP
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
GENERAL
Page 5
NUMBER OF BEEF CATTLE
Distance (meters)
Direction 805 2415 4025 5635 7245 12075 24150
N
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
NNW
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
NW
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
WNW
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
W
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
WSW
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
SW
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
SSW
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
S
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
SSE
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
SE
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
ESE
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
E
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
ENE
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
NE
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
NNE
10
31
52
72
93
775
3100
Distance (meters)
Direction 40250 56350 72200
N
5166
7232
8979
NNW
5166
7232
8979
NW
5166
7232
8979
WNW
5166
7232
8979
W
5166
7232
8979
WSW
5166
7232
8979
SW
5166
7232
8979
SSW
5166
7232
8979
S
5166
7232
8979
SSE
5166
7232
8979
SE
5166
7232
8979
ESE
5166
7232
8979
E
5166
7232
8979
ENE
5166
7232
8979
NE
5166
7232
8979
NNE
5166
7232
8979
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
GENERAL
Page 6
NUMBER OF MILK CATTLE
Distance (meters)
Direction 805 2415 4025 5635 7245 12075 24150
N
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
NNW
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
NW
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
WNW
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
W
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
WSW
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
SW
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
SSW
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
S
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
SSE
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
SE
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
ESE
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
E
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
ENE
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
NE
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
NNE
2
7
12
16
21
174
696
Distance (meters)
Direction 40250 56350 72200
N
1160
1625
2017
NNW
1160
1625
2017
NW
1160
1625
2017
WNW
1160
1625
2017
W
1160
1625
2017
WSW
1160
1625
2017
SW
1160
1625
2017
SSW
1160
1625
2017
S
1160
1625
2017
SSE
1160
1625
2017
SE
1160
1625
2017
ESE
1160
1625
2017
E
1160
1625
2017
ENE
1160
1625
2017
NE
1160
1625
2017
NNE
1160
1625
2017
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
GENERAL
Page 7
AREA OF VEGETABLE CROP PRODUCTION (M**2)
Distance (meters)
Direction 805 2415 4025 5635 7245 12075 24150
N
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
o
_l_
4.3E+04
6 . 1EH
o
_l_
7 . 8EH
o
_l_
6 . 5EH
H05
2.6E+06
NNW
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4 . 3E + 04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
NW
8.7E+03
2 . 6E-
1-04
4 . 3E + 04
6.1E+04
7.8E+04
6 . 5EH
H05
2.6E + 0 6
WNW
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4.3E+04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
W
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4 . 3E + 04
6 . 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2.6E+06
WSW
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4.3E+04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2.6E+06
SW
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4 . 3E + 04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
SSW
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4.3E+04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
S
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4 . 3E + 04
6 . 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
SSE
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4.3E+04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8E-
1-04
6.5E+05
2 . 6E + 0 6
SE
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4 . 3E + 04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
ESE
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4.3E+04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
E
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4 . 3E + 04
6 . 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2.6E+06
ENE
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4.3E+04
6. 1E-
1-04
7 . 8E-
1-04
6. 5E-
1-05
2.6E+06
NE
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4.3E+04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
NNE
8 . 7E + 03
2 . 6EH
H04
4 . 3E + 04
6. 1EH
H04
7 . 8EH
H04
6 . 5EH
H05
2 . 6E + 06
Distance (meters)
Direction 40250 56350 72200
N
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
O
_l_
7.5E+06
NNW
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
NW
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
WNW
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
W
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
WSW
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7 . 5E + 06
SW
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7 . 5E + 06
SSW
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7 . 5E + 06
S
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
SSE
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
SE
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
ESE
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
E
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
ENE
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
NE
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7.5E+06
NNE
4 . 3E + 06
6. 1EH
H06
7 . 5E + 06
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
GENERAL
Page 8
VALUES FOR RADIONUCLIDE-INDEPENDENT PARAMETERS
HUMAN INHALATION RATE
Cubic centimeters/hr
9 . 17E + 05
SOIL PARAMETERS
Effective surface density
(Assumes 15 cm plow layer)
[kg/sq m, dry weight)
2 . 15E + 02
BUILDUP TIMES
For activity in soil (years) 1.00E+02
For radionuclides deposited on ground/water (days) 3.65E+02
DELAY TIMES
Ingestion of pasture grass by animals (hr)
Ingestion of stored feed by animals (hr)
Ingestion of leafy vegetables by man (hr)
Ingestion of produce by man (hr)
Transport time from animal feed-milk-man (day)
Time from slaughter to consumption (day)
0.00E+00
2 . 16E + 03
3.36E+02
3.36E+02
2.00E+00
2 . 00E + 01
WEATHERING
Removal rate constant for physical loss (per hr)
2.90E-03
CROP EXPOSURE DURATION
Pasture grass (hr)
Crops/leafy vegetables (hr)
7 . 20E + 02
1. 44E + 03
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
Grass-cow-milk-man pathway (kg/sq m) 2.80E-01
Produce/leafy veg for human consumption (kg/sq m) 7.16E-01
FALLOUT INTERCEPTION FRACTIONS
Vegetables
Pasture
2.00E-01
5 . 70E-01
GRAZING PARAMETERS
Fraction of year animals graze on pasture
Fraction of daily feed that is pasture grass
when animal grazes on pasture
4.00E-01
4.30E-01
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
GENERAL
Page 9
VALUES FOR RADIONUCLIDE-INDEPENDENT PARAMETERS
ANIMAL FEED CONSUMPTION FACTORS
Contaminated feed/forage (kg/day, dry weight)
1.56E+01
DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY
Milk production of cow (L/day)
1. 10E + 01
MEAT ANIMAL SLAUGHTER PARAMETERS
Muscle mass of animal at slaughter (kg)
Fraction of herd slaughtered (per day)
2.00E+02
3.81E-03
DECONTAMINATION
Fraction of radioactivity retained after washing
for leafy vegetables and produce
5.00E-01
FRACTIONS GROWN IN GARDEN OF INTEREST
Produce ingested
Leafy vegetables ingested
1. 00E+00
1. 00E + 00
INGESTION RATIOS:
IMMEDIATE SURROUNDING AREA/TOTAL WITHIN AREA
Vegetables
Meat
Milk
7 . 00E-01
4 . 40E-01
4 . 00E-01
MINIMUM INGESTION FRACTIONS FROM OUTSIDE AREA
(Actual fractions of food types from outside area can
be greater than the minimum fractions listed below.)
Vegetables
Meat
Milk
0 . 00E + 00
0 . 00E + 00
0 . 00E + 00
HUMAN FOOD UTILIZATION FACTORS
Produce ingestion (kg/y)
Milk ingestion (L/y)
Meat ingestion (kg/y)
Leafy vegetable ingestion (kg/y)
1. 76E + 02
1. 12E + 02
8 . 50E + 01
1. 80E + 01
SWIMMING PARAMETERS
Fraction of time spent swimming
Dilution factor for water (cm)
0 . 00E+00
1.00E+00
-------
CAP88-PC
Version 3.0
Clean Air Act Assessment Package - 1988
WEATHER DATA
Non-Radon Population Assessment
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
Facility: CAP88-PC Version 3
Address: 1111 Simulation Dr
City: Portsmouth
State: OH Zip: 45111
Source Category: Single Stack
Source Type: Stack
Emission Year: 2006
Comments: Modtest problem
for Version 3 User Manual
Dataset Name:
Dataset Date: 12/10/2007 3:05:00 PM
Wind File: C:\Program Files (x8 6)\CAP8 8-PC3 0\WindLib\PORTS3 0.WND
Population File: C:\Program Files (x86)\CAP88-PC30\Poplib\PORTS.POP
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
WEATHER
Page 2
FREQUENCIES OF STABILITY CLASSES (WIND TOWARDS)
Pasquill Stability Class
Dir A B C D E F G
N
NNW
NW
WNW
W
WSW
SW
SSW
s
SSE
SE
ESE
E
ENE
NE
NNE
TOTAL
0 . 0452
0.0607
0.0627
0.0564
0.0707
0.0850
0.0777
0.0605
0 . 0696
0.0803
0.0793
0.0878
0.0765
0.0646
0.0580
0.0621
0.0661
0.0537
0.0461
0.0536
0.0533
0.0662
0.0835
0.0731
0.0586
0.0698
0.0779
0.0613
0.0746
0.0693
0.0604
0.0568
0.0599
0.0622
0.0640
0.0506
0.0382
0.0441
0.0554
0.0744
0.0852
0.0605
0.0849
0.0577
0.0772
0.0727
0.0815
0.0771
0.0885
0.0749
0.0701
0.3403
0.3023
0.2881
0.3030
0.3208
0.3515
0.3675
0.3575
0.4515
0.4131
0.4470
0.3996
0.3672
0 . 3706
0.3566
0.3169
0.3592
0.2540
0.1895
0.1706
0.1766
0.1578
0.1288
0.1527
0.2187
0.1182
0.1620
0.1432
0.1286
0.1504
0.1703
0.1869
0 . 2221
0.1793
0 .2429
0 . 3509
0.3869
0.3666
0.3292
0.2769
0 .2437
0 .2441
0.2060
0 .2090
0 . 1920
0 .2367
0 .2551
0 .2571
0.2531
0.2640
0 . 2630
0 . 0000
0.0000
0.0000
0 . 0000
0 . 0000
0.0000
0.0000
0 . 0000
0 . 0000
0.0000
0.0000
0 .0000
0 . 0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
ADDITIONAL WEATHER INFORMATION
Average Air Temperature: 10.0 degrees C
283.16 K
Precipitation: 100.0 cm/y
Humidity: 8.0 g/cu m
Lid Height: 1000 meters
Surface Roughness Length: 0.010 meters
Height Of Wind Measurements: 10.0 meters
Average Wind Speed: 2.413 m/s
Vertical Temperature Gradients:
STABILITY E 0.073 k/m
STABILITY F 0.109 k/m
STABILITY G 0.146 k/m
-------
CAP88-PC
Version 3.0
Clean Air Act Assessment Package - 1988
DOSE AND RISK CONVERSION FACTORS
Non-Radon Population Assessment
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
Facility: CAP88-PC Version 3
Address: 1111 Simulation Dr
City: Portsmouth
State: OH Zip: 45111
Source Category: Single Stack
Source Type: Stack
Emission Year: 2006
Comments: Modtest problem
for Version 3 User Manual
Dataset Name:
Dataset Date: 12/10/2007 3:05:00 PM
Wind File: C:\Program Files (x8 6)\CAP8 8-PC3 0\WindLib\PORTS3 0.WND
Population File: C:\Program Files (x86)\CAP88-PC30\Poplib\PORTS.POP
-------
Dec 10, 2007 03:14 pm
FACTOR
Page 1
DOSE AND RISK FACTOR UNITS
The units for each type of dose rate conversion factor are
shown below, by pathway:
Pathway Units
Ingestion millirem/picoCurie
Inhalation millirem/picoCurie
Immersion millirem-cubic cm/microCurie-year
Surface millirem-square cm/microCurie-year
Risks for internal exposures (inhalation and ingestion)
are the lifetime risk of premature death in a birth cohort
of 100,000 people for a 1 picoCurie/year intake rate,
where the average lifetime is 70.7565 years.
This is simplified to lifetime risk per 100,000 picoCuries.
The units for each type of risk conversion factor are
shown below, by pathway:
Pathway Units
Ingestion lifetime risk/100,000 picoCuries
Inhalation lifetime risk/100,000 picoCuries
Immersion lifetime risk-cubic cm/100,000 picoCurie-years
Surface lifetime risk-square cm/100,000 picoCurie-years