EPA 160B20001
Thang 12 nam 2020
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
VUNG BIEN QUOC TE
KHONG RAC THAI
HIT&NG dAn tri£n khai
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Muc luc
GIOI THIEU 3
Vung Nirac Khong RacThai La Gi? 3
Rac Thai Biln la Gi? 4
Vin Dl Vai Rac Thai Biln 4
CacTacDong Tir RacThai Biln 5
TRIEN KHAI CHITONG TRlNH VUNG NITOC KHONG RAC THAl 6
Birac 1: Thanh lap nhom triln khai chirong trinh vung nirac khong rac thai 7
Birac 2: Tiln hanh danh gia tinh hinh 8
Muc dich cua Danh gia tinh hinh 8
Cach tiln hanh Danh gia tinh hinh 8
Sir dung cac kit qua tip Danh gia tinh hinh 10
Birac 3: B6 tri cuoc d6i thoai giCra cac ben lien quan 11
Lap kl hoach cho (cac) cuoc d6i thoai giCra cac ben lien quan 11
T6 chirc (cac) cuoc d6i thoai giCra cac ben lien quan 12
Xac djnh cac vln dl va cac dy an tilm nang 14
Biln cac dy an thanh giai phap 15
Bipac 4: Thyc hien dy an va cac hanh dong tilp theo 16
Thanh lap uy ban dilu phli cac ben lien quan 16
Thyc hien dy an 17
Duy tri kit n6i va slf tham gia cua cac ben lien quan 18
Bifccc 5: Giam sat, danh gia va duy tri Chirong trinh vung nirac khong rac thai
va cac dir an cua chirong trinh 19
Giam sat, danh gia va cac bien phap lien quan 19
KET LUAN VA CHIA SE NHU'NG THANH CONG CUA CHITONG TRlNH
VUNG NU'OC KHONG RAC THAl 22
TAl LIEU THAM khAo 23
PHU LUC 25
Dl cirong danh gia tinh hinh 25
Bang cau hoi cua chirong trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai cua Jamaica 26
Dir an chirong trinh vung nirac khong rac thai tai cira song vjnh San Juan:
Miu phat hien vat lieu xac djnh dac tinh rac thai 28
Dir an chirong trinh vung nirac khong rac thai tai cira song vjnh San Juan:
Miu xac djnh dac tinh rac thai 29
Thir mai tham gia chirong trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai 33
Thuc dly va tai trg cho cac hoat dong cua chirang trinh TFW cua SJBEP 35
Dilu khoan tham chilu cua Uy ban vl vung nirac khong rac thai 41
Trang thong tin vl chirong trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai 43
Thir tin tire vl chirong trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai trong nirac cua EPA Hoa Ky 45
Bilu miu danh gia vl Cuoc d6i thoai giCra cac ben lien quan 52
Hifdng din triln khai chifang trinh qu6c ti vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 2
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GIQI THIEU
Hirang din qu6c tl vl chirang trinh viing nirac khong rac thai (TFW) la mot cong cu dirge thilt kl dl cung
clp huang dSn tung buac cho cac dai dien chinh phu, cac to chirc phi chinh phu (NGO) va cac lanh dao
cong ding nhlm muc dich lap kl hoach va triln khai chuang trinh TFW. Huang din nay dua tren TFW, giai
phap dua tren cac ben lien quan cua Ca quan Bao ve Moi truang Hoa Ky (EPA) dl giai quylt vln dl rac thai
biln. Huang din nay co thl dirge sir dung dl thirc hien TFW duai dang mot chuang trinh qu6c gia hoac a
clp d|a phu'ong trong cac cong d6ng doc ba biln hoac phia thirgng ngu6n 6 vung duong phan thuy. TFW
dirge thilt ki dl cho phep tit ca cac ben lien quan tham gia vao qua trinh ra quylt djnh nhlm giai quylt cac
vln dl vl biln, ven biln va vung dirong phan thuy, cung nhir cai thien hoat dong quan ly chit thai rln. TFW
hoat dong blng each tap hgp cac ben lien quan lai vai nhau dl xac djnh va iru tien cac nhu clu clp bach
nhlt cua hp va phat triln cac giai phap co thl hanh dong dl giai quylt cac nhu clu do.
VUNG NUQC KHONG RAC THAI LA Gi?
Vung niroc khong rac thai (TFW) la mot giai phap chiln lirgc dua vao cac ben lien quan dl giai quylt vln
dl rac thai biln thong qua cai thien cong tac quan ly chit thai rln va iiu tien cac nhu clu cua cong ding.
Cac nhu clu cua cong ding dirge xac djnh thong qua mot quy trinh tung birac tap hgp cac ben lien quan
lai vai nhau dl thao luan vl tlnh trang rac thai biln va cac vln dl lien quan din cong tac quan ly chit thai
rln 6 clp qu6c gia hoac dia phirang. Cac ben lien quan se sir dung quy trinh nay dl xac djnh va iru tien
cac dir an nhlm ngan chan va giam thilu rac thai xa vao cac nguln nirac va culi cung dl ra dai dirang.
Huang dan then khai chucmg trinh quoc te ve vung nwac khong rac thai dira tren kinh nghiem cua EPA khi
hgp tac vai Jamaica, Panama va Peru dl triln khai cac chirang trinh TFW cua rieng ho. Hirang din nay
trinh bay giai phap TFW theo tung bir6c dl hirang din ngu ai dung each triln khai chuong trinh TFW a
clp qulc gia hoac dja phuang.
Nhilu qulc gia gap phai nhCrng kho khan dang can tra nhCrng n§ lire giai quylt vln dl rac thai biln.
VI du, kinh nghiem cua EPAtai Jamaica, Panama va Peru cho thly cac qulc gia gap phai nhu'ng kho khan
trong viec tim hilu vai tro cua cac bo nganh, kho khan trong viec giai quylt nhCrng thilu sot hoac bit cap
vl chfnh sach va thirc thi, nguln lire han chl va tlnh trang luan chuyln lien tuc cac nha lanh dao phu trach
vln dl nay. Nhilu qulc gia gap phai nhCrng kho khan tirang tir nay, bao glm ca Hoa Ky, va TFW co thl
dong vai tro la mo hinh cho cac qulc gia giai quylt nhCrng kho khan nay va quan ly tit han cac nguln rac
thai biln co nguln gle tir dlt liln cua hp.
Huang dlri triln khai chirang trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 3
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RAC THAI BIEN LA Gl?
Rac thai biln dugc djnh nghTa la chit thai do con ngirai tao ra mot each cd y hoac vo tlnh thai vao moi
trirang, bao gdm cac vung nirac noi thuy va ao hd, c6ng thoat nipac mipa do thj, cipa song ven biln va dai
dipang1. Khi hang hoa tieu dung, dac biet la cac mat hang sip dung mot lln nhir tui ni long, gily boc thuc
phlm va chai nirac giai khat, dirge quan ly khong dung each, chung co thl dipgc thai vao cac dong song,
con sudi va dipang thuy khac. NhCrng vung nipac nay sau do se dd vao dai dipang. Dai djch CON/ID gin
day da lam gia tang dang kl cac mat hang nhira sip dung mot lln nhip thilt bj bao ho ca nhan (PRE). Do
viec sip dung PRE vai s6 lirgng ian ben ngoai moi tripang lam sang, nen chung co nguy co cao tra thanh
rac thai biln va se cln dime xem xet dac biet va nang cao nhan thipc tap trung dd giam thilu thai ra moi
tripang biin.
Cac ngu6n thai co ngudn g6c tip dlt liln chilm khoang 80% rac thai biln dirge phat hien tren cac ba biln
tren toan thl giai, theo cac cuoc khao sat tip cac n§ Iipc don sach va loai bo rac thai ven biln2. Cac vat lieu
ph6 biln nhit cua rae thai biln la nhira, thuy tinh, kim loai, gily, vai, cao su va g§1. 20% lipgng rac con lai
dipgc tlm thly trong qua trlnh don sach ba biln co thl la do cac hoat dong xa rac vo tlnh hoac c6 y tip cac
tau viln dipang, ngip cu va bly danh bit ca bj mlt hoac bj thai bo hoac cac tau vo chu va bj bo lai3.
Cac vi du ve rac thai bien pho bien co nguon goc tCr dat lien
VAN Vai RAC THAI Bl£N
Rac thai biln la mot vln dl nghiem trong dang anh hipang din cac dai dipang tren toan thl giai. 80% rac
thai biln co nguln g6c tip dlt liln phln Ian ia do cong tac quan ly chit thai rln khong dly du. Lipgng xa
thai cua nam qu6c gia a chau A chilm han mot nipa lipgng chit thai xa vao dai dirong. Do la cac qu6c gia
Trung Qulc, Indonesia, Philippines, Thai Lan va Viet Nam2. Mot nghien ciru gin day ipactinh ring 88-95%
lipgng rac thai nhira khong dipgc quan ly tdt tren toan clu dirge xa ra tip cac ngudn nipac chinh bit ngudn
tip 10 con song, 8 trong sd do nlm a Chau A4. Phln ian cac ngudn rac thai biln tip dlt liln nay ia rac thai
nhira. Tai Hoa Ky, rac thai nhira chi chilm chipa din 13% tdng lipgng dong chit thai rln do thj, tuy nhien
vi loai rac thai nay nhe, ndi tren mat nirac va co thl dl dang dipgc gio dly di va tdn tai lau dai trong moi
tripang, nen do la thanh phln dl thly nhlt cua rac thai biln.
Rac thai khong dirge thu gom la nguyen nhan chinh gay ra vln dl nay. Theo irac tinh, chipa din 50% chit
thai a cac nipac kern phat triln nhlt du'gc thu gom va khoang 90% chit thai du'gc ddt hoac tieu huy tai
cac bai rac lo thien5. 20% lirgng rac thai biln con lai chu ylu din tCr cac ngudn tren biln, la rac thai tip cac
tau viln dipang xa thai vo y hoac cd tlnh, va tip cac ngip cu danh bit bj mlt hoac bj bo lai. Global Ghost
Gear Initiative (Sang kiln loai bo ngu1 cu ma toan clu) ipac tinh ring hang nam co khoang tip 640.000 din
800.000 tin ngip cu bj mlt hoac bj bo lai trong cac dai dipang, cira song ven biln va cac vjnh.
Hifang din triln khai chu'ang trlnh qu6c t§ v§ vung nirac khong rac thai | 4
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Mac du vln dl nlm a moi trirang biln, nhirng giai phap nay cln co nhCrng cai tiln dang kl vl cong tac
quan ly chit thai rln tren dlt liln. Lirgng chit thai khong dirge thu gom va quan ly dung muc dich dirge
dl vao dai dirang ngay cang nhilu trong nhilu thap ky qua, gay ra thiet hai vl kinh tl va moi trirang ngay
cang tang. Chit thai va rac thai co thl dirge xa vai kh6i lirgng Ian vao dai dirong thong qua cac tuyln
dirang thuy, va cung co thl tich tu tren cac bai biln, ba biln va h6i chuyln vai kh6i lirgng Ian tip rac thai
dirge dly tir ngoai khai vao. Rac thai cung co thl gay hai cho moi trirang s6ng cua dong vat hoang da,
mang theo cac chit o nhilm hoa chit va dinh dirang, ding thai anh hirang din viec sir dung cac moi
trirang song, biln va ven biln cua con ngirai.
cAc tAc DONG tip rAc thAi bien
Kinh te
Rac thai bien tac dong din nln kinh tl theo nhilu each. Rac thai va cac manh vun co
the anh hirong din giao thong dirong bien va hoat dong danh b§t ca thifo'ng mai va
giai tri, tac dong din co so ha ting do thi do lam t§c nghen he thing thoat nifoc mira
va clng ranh, ding thoi khiln cac cong ding ven biln phai tra mot khoan tiln I6n cho
hoat dong loai bo va bao tri lien tuc. Rac thai lam giam gia tri tham my va giai tri cua
cac con song, bai biln va he sinh thai ven biln, khiln cac cong ding sing dira vao
nganh du lich phai chiu ton thlt I6n. Vi du, o Indonesia, theo iroc tinh qulc gia nay
mit khoang 166 trieu do la My tir doanh thu du lich hang nam do thilu cong tac quan
ly va thu gom rac thai6. To chirc Hop tac Kinh tl Chau A-Thai Binh Diro'ng (APEC)
iroc tinh chi phi rac thai biln dli voi nganh du lich, danh b§t va van tai biln la 10,8 ty
USD chi rieng khu vyc do7.
Moi tripong
Khi rac thai tich tu trong cac vung niroc cua chung ta, cac loai sing phu thuoc vao
nhung moi trirong nay dl kilm an va tru an co thl bi suy giam. Cac sinh vat ven song,
ven biln va sinh vat biln bi de doa boi cac mli nguy hilm thirc tl do nult phai va
virong vao, cung nhir cac tac dong co hai co thl xay ra tir cac chit gay o nhilm dinh
tren cac loai rac thai nhira va manh vun khac. Hanh dong xa rac bit ho,p phap vao cac
tuyln dirong thuy co thl lam trim trong them tinh trang ngap lut va kha nang phan huy
cua chit thai khong dirge phan loai, ehira dirge xir ly - du dirge thu gom hay thai bo -
giai phong khi me-tan, mot loai khi nha kinh manh gop phln gay ra biln doi khi hau8
Su>c khoe cong dong
Rac thai trong cac tuyln dirgng thuy co kha nang hip thu cac hoa chit gay lo ngai tir
moi trirgng va la cac co chi van chuyln toan clu dl chung xam nhap vao chuli thirc
an, tac dong din con ngirgi. Cac cong ding dac biet dl bi anh hirong la nhCrng cong
ding chu ylu dira vao hai san lam nguln thirc pham chinh. Rac thai va manh vun
trong moi trirgng nay co thl la noi giCr niroc va tro thanh noi sinh san cua muli, co
kha nang lam tang nguy co lay Ian cua cac benh nhir Zika, Chikungunya va Sit xult
huylt Dengue. Cac cong ding co cac bai rac lo thien va chit thai khong dirge thu gom
cung cho thly si ca mlc benh dirong ho hip cao hon va tang ty le o nhilm chuli thirc
pham5. O nhCrng khu virc noi co nhilu gia dinh dlt hoac xa rac ra moi trirong, thi ty
le mic benh tieu chay cao glp hai va viem dirong ho hip clp cao glp sau lln so voi
nhCrng khu virc dirge thu gom rac thirong xuyen9. Hoat dong thu gom rac thai khong
dirge kilm soat cung anh hirong din sire khoe cua nhCrng ngirdi thu gom rac hoac
ngirdi boi rac, nhCrng ngirdi nay co nguy co mlc benh cao hon10
(TO
Hirang din triln khai chirang trinh qu6c tl vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 5
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TRIEN KHAI CHUQNG TRlNH VUNG NUQC
KHONG RACTHAl
TFW tuan theo giai phap logic, tirng birac, dl sir dung va dl thirc hien ngay ca vcci cac nguln lire han
chl. Muc dich cua giai phap timg birac nay la giai quylt vln dl rac thai biln mot each t6ng thl va co slf
tham gia cua cac ben lien quan chu ch6t
e>
Thanh lap nhom trien khai chipong trinh vung nipac
khong rac thai
Tien hanh danh gia tinh hinh
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B6 tri (cac) cuoc d6i thoai giCpa cac ben lien quan
o>
Thicc hien die an va cac hanh dong tiep theo
©>
Giam sat, danh gia va duy tri Chipang trinh vung
nipac khong rac thai
Hifdng din triln khai chifcng trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 6
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Thanh lap nhom triln khai chu'cng trinh vung
niroc khong rac thai
Nhom triln khai chirong trlnh TFW la thanh ph§n ca ban cua chirong trinh Vung nuac khong rac thai.
Nhom triln khai bao g6m mot nhom nho cac ben lien quan chu ch6t du'gc dSu tu de giai quylt vln dl rac
thai biln a clp qu6c gia hoac dja phirang. Thong thirang, Nhom triln khai se bao g6m cac dai dien tip
chinh phu. cac t6 chiic phi chinh phu va nlu co the, mot nha hoat dong cong d6ng. M6i quan tarn chinh
cua Nhom triln khai la khai dong chirang trinh va cac thanh vien co thl co chuyen mon vl rac thai biln
va/hoac quan ly chit thai rSn a c§p cong d6ng hoac qu6c gia.
Thanh vien cua Nhom trien khai se co cac trach nhiem sau:
• Khai dong chirong trinh Vung niroc khong rac thai tong the
• Phoi hgp va tien hanh Danh gia tinh hinh
• Xac djnh va tham gia vol cac ben lien quan
• Lap ke hoach va bo tri (cac) cuoc doi thoai vai cac ben lien quan rpng hcen
• Thong bao cho chinh phu, cong chung va phipcng tien truyen thong ve cac hanh dong dang dirge
thirc hien
M6i thanh vien cua Nhom trien khai phai dam nhan mot trach nhiem cu the va dong vai tro la diem lien lac
cho hang muc hanh dong do. Nhom triln khai phai nhom hop thirang xuyen dl xac djnh cac muc tieu cua
chirong trinh, phuong hudng chiln luge va thilt lap kl hoach thirc hien Danh gia tinh hinh va d6i thoai
vai cac ben lien quan.
Tai Jamaica, Ca quan Bao ve Moi
trifdng Qu6c gia (NEPA) da quan ly
Nhom trien khai TFW bao g6m cac ben
lien quan nhif Quy Moi trifang Jamaica,
Mang lirai Hoat dong vl Moi tru-ang cua
Thanh nien trong Cong dfing, To chiic
Sandals va To chuc Hoa binh Hoa Ky.
Cac to chuc khac nhir Bo Phat trien
Kinh tl va Tao viec lam cua Jamaica va
Ca quan Quan ly Chit thai Rin Qu6c
gia da dong nhung vai tro quan trong
sau khi trien khai. Chuang trinh Moi
truang Lien Hap Qu6c (UNEP) va EPA
da cung clp cac khoan tai tra va huang
din cho n§ lire chung nay.
Ooi thoai giCra cac ben lien quan ve TFW cua Jamaica ¦
Thang 2 nam 2017
Huang din triln khai chirang trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 7
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P Tiin hanh danh gia tinh hinh
MUC DICH CUA DANH GIA TINH HINH
Birccc tilp theo trong viec triln khai chirong trinh TFW la xac djnh va hilu ro vln dl rac thai va rac thai
biln trong khu virc dang dirge giai quylt. Birccc nay lien quan din viec tiin hanh Danh gia tinh hinh. Danh
gia tinh hinh la mot qua trinh thu thap, ting hop va truyln tai dCr lieu va thong tin vl vln dl rac thai biln
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Xem danh sach cau hoi dirai day dl xac djnh nhCrng cau hoi nao co thl dirge ap dung chinh xac nhlt
trong cong ding dirge chon va se h§ trg cac ben lien quan xac djnh cac giai phap. Day chi la mot mlu cau
hoi ma phln Danh gia tinh hinh phai tra lai ma khong phai pham vi toan dien cua mot ban Danh gia. Nhom
triln khai cung co thl dira ra cac cau hoi cua rieng minh, tuy thuoc vao nh&ng dilu din thilt dl phan anh
thirc tl cua qu6c gia hoac cong ding dirge chon dl cung clp thong tin tit hen cho viec ra quylt djnh.
Trong cong dong dirge chon, co luat nao lien quan den cong tac quan ly rac thai bien hoac chat thai ran
khong?
Vai tro va trach nhiem cua chinh phu trong viec thirc hien cong tac quan ly chit thai la gl?
Trong cong ding dirge chon, co cac djch vu quan ly chit thai ca ban khong? Nlu co, dau la pham vi cua
cac djch vu do?
Nlu co hoat dong thu gom rac thai, thi trong mot cong ding dan cir diln hinh, hoat dong do diln ra nhir
thl nao?
O cac khu virc cong cong co thung rac dirge thu gom thirang xuyen khong?
Nhan thirc cua cong ding vl chit thai va nhCrng tac dong cua chit thai din moi trirang nhir thl nao?
Dau la cac dilu kien rang buoc vl tai chinh trong viec cung clp cac djch vu quan ly chit thai cho cong
ding dirge chon?
NhCrng nl lire hien tai hoac trong qua khir nao da dirge thirc hien dl giai quylt vln dl rac thai biln?
Chinh phu da tiln hanh nghien cCru vl dac tinh chit thai cho cong ding dirge chon chira?
Dau la "dilm nong" cua rac thai biln - cac khu virc tich tu chit thai tren ba biln hoac gin cac tuyln
dirang thuy?
NhCrng nl lire giai quylt vln dl nao da dirge thirc hien nhirng khong thanh cong? NhCrng nl lire nao da
thanh cong?
Lfng dung vi dCp lieu rac thai yeu thich cua ban la gi?
Marine Debris Tracker - http://www.marinedebris.engr.uga.edu
Dirge tao bai phong thi nghiem cua Tiln sT Jambeck thuoc Dai
hoc Georgia, irng dung nay co thl ting hgp va cho phep truy
cap tit ca dCr lieu dirge phan loai theo tirng loai rac thai do
ngirai dung thu thap. DCr lieu nay giup phong thi nghiem cua
Jambeck lap mo hinh va phan tich lien quan din rac thai nhira
tir cac nguln tren dlt liln.
Clean Swell - https://coastalcleanupdata.org
UVig dung Clean Swell cua Ocean Conservancy nhap thong tin
vao ca sa dCr lieu don dep ba biln Ian han, giup dira ra phan
tich hieu qua. Lfng dung nay sir dung cac danh muc gilng nhir
the dCr lieu gily.
Litterati - https://www.litterati.org
Tit ca cac dCr lieu chira thl tai xulng cong khai, nhirng vai
hinh anh cln thilt cho moi muc, bo dCr lieu nay la dCr lieu hieu
qua nhlt khi noi din kilm soat chit lirgng. Cac nha phan tich
co thl xem xet nhilu dac tinh nhir loai rac thai, loai vat lieu va
thirang hieu.
Global Alert - https://www.oceanrecov.org/global-oceanalert-
system/solution.html
Ocean Recovery Alliance da tao ra Global Alert nhir mot cong
cu trirc tuyln cho phep ngirai dung bao cao, xlp hang va lap
ban dl cac dilm nong vl rac thai trong cac tuyln dirang thuy
va ba biln cua hp thong qua cac thilt bj di dong va nln tang
dira tren web.
Open Litter Map - https://openlittermap.com/
Cach thirc nay cua Ha Lan so sanh cac qulc gia khac nhau
dira tren viec thu gom rac thai. Moi ngirai dung dlu co thl tiln
hanh phan tich cua rieng minh. Viec sir dung hinh anh dl chup
canh quan se giup kilm soat chit lirgng.
Theo Danh gia tinh hinh tai
Jamaica, cac tinh nguyen vien
cua To chirc Hoa Binh Hoa Ky da
khao sat cong ding cua ho vl cac
bien phap quan ly chit thai r§n va
cung clp dCr lieu cho Co quan Bao
ve Moi trirong Qulc gia (NEPA).
NEPA da kit hgp Danh gia do vao
mot cuoc khao sat toan qulc ma ho
da sir dung de thong bao cho viec
ra quylt dinh vl cai thien cong tac
quan ly chit thai.
DCr lieu vl cac nguln va loai rac
thai bien, nlu co, co the la mot
thanh phln quan trong cua Danh
gia. Co rlt nhilu irng dung tren
dien thoai thong minh giup thu thap,
liru tru va dli chilu dCr lieu vl cac
loai rac thai bien dirge tim thly
trong moi trirong tai dia phiro'ng.
Cac irng dung khac rlt h&u ich
trong viec lap ban dl cac diem
nong rac thai tai vung dirong phan
thuy. Cac irng dung dirge neu trong
tai lieu nay phu hgp ho,n v6i mo
hinh khoa hoc cong ding va khong
thay thl cho cac nghien ciru chinh
thirc vl dac tinh chit thai do cac
quan chirc dia phiro'ng thirc hien.
Hirang din triln khai chirang trinh qu6c tl vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 9
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SIP DUNG CAC KET QUA TUOANH GIA TINH HINH
Thong tin dirge thu thap til Banh gia tlnh hinh cln dirge ting hgp thanh bao cao hoac ban trlnh chilu dl
co thl dl dang chia se voi cac ben lien quan va cong chung. Banh gia nay se dirge si> dung khi thong bao
cho cong chung va tuong tac voi cac quan chi>c chinh phu, lanh dao cong ding va khu virc tu' nhan vl
vln dl rac thai biln.
Banh gia nay se cung clp nhCrng thong tin quan trong vl hien trang moi trirong lien quan din quan ly rac
thai biin va chit thai rln. Ngoai ra, viec con giup danh gia nang lire va ngu6n lye cua cac t6 chirc va cong
d6ng dugc lira chon thyc hien chuong trinh TFW. Sir dung Banh gia nay dl thong bao vl tiin trinh, dac
biet la dl xac djnh cac ben lien quan nao se co y nghTa d6i vai chirong trinh va qua trinh d6i thoai vai cac
ben lien quan.
Sau day la cac nguln tham khao vl each tiln hanh va phat triln Banh gia tinh hinh hoac pham vi tai lieu
cin thilt dl dira vao danh gia (nhir mlu xac djnh dac tinh chit thai). Cac nguln co trong Phu luc cua tai
lieu nay.
• Hii'dng din tham gia cua cong dong (https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/public-
participation-guide-view-and-print-versions) ~ Hu"ang din nay cung clp thong tin ting quan ro rang vl
nhCrng liru y quan trong khi xay dung va thirc hien mot chircng trinh co sy tham gia cua cong ding co
y nghTa, bao glm thong tin h&u ich vl Banh gia tlnh hinh. Huang din cung co sin blng tilng lay Ban
Nha, tilng A-rap, tilng Phap va tilng Trung.
• Miu phat hien vat lieu xac djnh dac tfnh rac thai - Theo doi mlu dl ghi lai cac chit dugc tlm thly,
day la mlu lly tir Puerto Rico, (xem Phu luc)
• MSu xac djnh dac tinh rac thai (tiing Tay Ban Nha) - Mot mlu cua Puerto Rico dl xac djnh dac tinh
vat lieu rac thai, (xem Phu luc)
• Cuoc khao sat ve nhan thii'c cua cong dong & Jamaica cua T6 chuc Hoa Binh Hoa Ky - Mot cupc
khao sat cong ding nhlm danh gia cac y tuong cua cong ding vl cac bien phap quan ly chit thai rin.
(xem Phu luc)
Llip dat Litter Gitter, hay bly rac, dirge liip dat doc theo
mot con lach a Hoa Ky.
Nhan vien phan loai rac thai dirge thu gorn tir
Litter Gitter
Hirang dSri trilri khai chirang trinh qu6c tl vl vung nu'ac khorig rac thai | 10
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o
~ B6 trf cuoc
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cua rac thai biln d6i vai cong ding va co kiln thCrc chuyen mon va kiln thCrc chung din thilt d! cung dip
thong tin t6t hen cho viec ra quylt djnh va h§ trg cho mot cuoc d6i thoai hieu qua.
Theo thai gian, cac ben lien quan se cung nhau xay dung mang lirai va vai cac thanh vien cong ding va
cac nha lanh dao. Cac mang lirai va m6i quan he trong cong ding nay se tang cirong nang Ilfc cua cac
thanh vien cong ding, giup hp nhan thCrc ro hen vl vin dl, xac djnh ro hen nhung cau hoi din dirge dat
ra va each giai dap va tham gia vao cac cuoc thao luan tang cirong giCra cac ben lien quan dl giup xac
djnh cac giai phap phu hop.
Cin co sip tham gia cua bao nhieu ben lien quan?
S6 lirgng cac ben lien quan co thl khac nhau, nhung s6 lirgng ngirai tham gia cang it thi nhom se cang
hieu qua, ly tirong nhit la 30 ngirai tham gia tra xulng. Duy tri s6 lirgng ngirai tham gia thip cho (cac)
cuoc d6i thoai se dam bao cac nhom lam viec hieu qua va cho phep cac ben lien quan co nhilu thai gian
hen dl chia se quan dilm cua hp va lam viec vai nhau dl xay dung cac giai phap.
Cac ben lien quan co th§ cung cip nhu'ng dong gop gi?
Cac ben lien quan cung cip thong tin co gia trj vl hien trang cua vln dl. Slf tham gia cua cac ben lien
quan trong cuoc d6i thoai vl chirong trinh Vung ninccc khong rac thai se giup:
• Cung cip thong tin dly du vl vln dl
• Bira ra cac quan dilm khac nhau vl nhu'ng thong tin se dirge coi la dang tin cay, chit lirgng cao va hCru ich
• Tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho viec thao luan vl cac dCr lieu va thong tin da thu thap hien co (nhir cac cuoc
khao sat vl nhan thirc cua cong ding, nghien ciru dac tinh chit thai, v.v.)
• Dam bao sir tham gia rong rai cua cac thanh vien cong ding vao chirong trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai
• Kit nli cac ben ra quylt djnh vai nhCrng ngirai bj anh hirang bai rac thai biln
• Quan ly rui ro, dac biet nlu chirang trinh gay tranh cai
Sau khi du'O'c xac djnh, Nhom trieu khai nen giao tiep vo'i
cac ben lien quan nh^thi nao?
Duy tri ca sa dCr lieu cua cac ben lien quan la mot phln quan
trong trong hoat dong tilp can vai cac ben lien quan. Nhilu
nhom lien quan tao ra cac nhom WhatsApp, trang Facebook
hoac sir dung cac nln tang mang xa hoi va danh sach email
khac dl giao tilp hieu qua vai cac ben lien quan.
TO CHLPC (CAC) CUOC OOl THOAI GIIM CAC BEN
LIEN QUAN
Din day, cac ben lien quan da dirge xac djnh, Nhom triln khai
co thl bit dlu lap kl hoach hau din dl tl chirc (cac) cuoc dli
thoai. Cong tac lap kl hoach bao glm xac djnh mot dilu phli
vien co nang lire va mot dja dilm, soan thao (cac) chirong
trinh lam viec va xem xet moi nhu diu vl ngan sach.
Cac ben lien quan chu ch6t co the co
thoi gian de chia se mot s6 cong viec
cua ho trong cuoc d6i thoai. Vi du, d
Jamaica, Jamaica Environment Trust
(JET) da thyc hien mot chiln dich nang
cao nhan thCrc cua cong d6ng noi tilng
vl viec ch6ng xa rac tren dao v6i ten
goi "Nuh Dutty Up Jamaica". Yeu clu
cac ben lien quan trinh bay vl nhung
n§ lye thanh cong co the vCra la dong
lye cho cac dy an m6i vCra la ban torn
tit cong viec hien tai.
Dilu phdi vien
Mot (hoac cac) dilu phli vien co nang lire se giup nhCrng ngirai tham gia xac djnh hoac lam ro muc tieu
cua hp, mang lai nhCrng quan dilm da dang hirong tai sir ding thuan va duy tri dong lire mot each chuyen
nghiep vai ngirai tham gia ding thai giup hp dat dirge muc tieu theo each co chiln lirgc. (Cac) dilu phli
vien phai la mot diln gia trung lap, nang dong, co hilu bilt sau rong vl cac vin dl va co kha nang dli pho
vai nhCrng kho khan va bit ding khong lirang trirac dirge co thl phat sinh trong suit qua trinh dli thoai.
Hifang din triln khai chirong trinh qu6c tl vl vung nifdc khong rac thai | 12
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Chiccmg trinh lam viec
(Cac) chirang trinh lam viec din dirge soan thao cSn than dl dap ling nhu clu va muc tieu cua cac ben
lien quan cung nhir muc tieu cua cupc d6i thoai. Thai lirgng dirge phan bl cho cupc d6i thoai co thl rSt
khac nhau. Nhir da dl cap a tren, cuoc d6i thoai co thl diln ra cung mot luc theo mot hinh thirc kit hgp
hoac co thl la mot chuSi cac cuoc d6i thoai trong mot khoang thai gian dai hen. lit ca nhCrng dilu nay
phu thuoc vao kha nang tham dir va dong lye cua cac ben lien quan dl tap hgp lai vai nhau va dilu nay
ckn dirge danh gia trong qua trinh tilp xuc ban dlu vai ho. Dl t6i da hoa thai gian va co kit qua d6i thoai
t6t nhlt, chirang trinh lam viec cln bao glm nhCrng npi dung sau:
• Giai thieu vl chirang trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai • Xac djnh va iru tien cac giai phap
• Ting quan vl vln dl
• Trinh bay Danh gia tinh hinh
• NhCrng kho khan va ca hoi
Danh gia tien do
Xay dirng va quan ly dir an
Duy trl chirang trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai
Dja diem
Vj tri thirc tl cua (cac) dja dilm phai dl
tilp can cho tit ca nhCrng ngirai tham gia
va phai cung clp du khong gian cho cac
phien hop theo nhom nho. O' cac thanh
ph6 Ian, dja dilm co thl la a khach san,
toa nha cua bp nganh hoac bit cir noi
nao co khong gian phong hoi nghj. Cac
cong ding nho han co thl can nhic sir
dung trung tam cong ding hoac trirang
hoc. Tit nhlt la bl tri cac ban tron co
5-6 ngirai tham gia mli ban. Dilu nay
giup tao dilu kien thao luan theo nhom
tit han trong suit cupc dli thoai.
NhCfng ngifdi tham gia hoi thao se hop tai trung tam cong dong tai
Peru de tham gia cuoc doi thoai giCra cac ben lien quan ve TFW
Mot si ngirai tham gia co thl khong thl tham dir trirc tilp nhirng cam kit xay dirng va thirc hien chirang
trinh TFW. Mac du, sir tirang tac trirc tilp giCra tit ca nhCrng ngirai tham gia la each thirc tit nhlt dl dat
hieu qua trong cac cuoc thao luan, nhirng Nhom triln khai phai dam bao ring dja dilm co cac tien ich ky
thuat, thong qua he thing hoi nghj tir xa hoac hoi nghj tren web, dl truyln tai trirc tuyln cuoc dli thoai tai
nhCrng ngirai tham gia tCr xa khong thl tham gia trirc tilp.
Thy moM
Thir mai phai co chirang trinh lam viec va cac muc tieu cua cuoc dli thoai. Thir mai phai dirge giri trirac
thai gian diln ra cuoc dli thoai dl cac ben lien quan va nhCrng ngirai tham gia khac co thl chuln bj. Ban
co thl xem mSu thir mai trong phln Phu luc.
Kinh phi - Kiem tra xem lieu co cdn ngan sach hay khong
Sau khi irac tinh dirge chi phi cho mot cupc dli thoai, hay xac djnh nhCrng nguln tai chinh nao dirge clp
cho cuoc dli thoai va thirc hien dir an, ngay ca khi do chi la mot kit qua irac tinh. Tim hilu cac nguln kinh
phi, thong qua cac khoan tai trg, quyen gop hoac cac nha dlu tir. Xac djnh va quan ly cac nguln nay la
mot phin quan trong cua qua trinh dli thoai. Vi du, Chirang trinh cira song qulc gia vjnh San Juan cua
Puerto Rico co ban mo ta vl giai phap cua hp dli vai kinh phi cho chirang trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai
vai tieu dl "Thuc dly va hi trg tai chinh cho cac hoat dong TFW cua SJBEP". Ban co thl xem trong
Phu iuc.
Hirang dSri trilri khai chirang trinh qu6c tl vl vung nu'ac khong rac thai | 13
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t
Tom tat cac hanh dong chinh de lap ke hoach va to
1. Xac djnh ngay, gia va dja dilm diln ra cuoc d6i
thoai giCra cac ben lien quan vl chirong trinh Vung
nirac khong rac thai.
2. Ghi ra danh sach cac ben lien quan se dirge mai.
3. Xac djnh (cac) dilu ph6i vien co nang lire.
4. Xac djnh cac muc tieu va muc dich cua (cac) cuoc
d6i thoai.
5. Lap chirong trinh lam viec dl dap irng cac muc
tieu va muc dich cua (cac) cuoc d6i thoai giCra cac
ben lien quan.
chirc (cac) cuoc doi thoai gitra cac ben lien quan:
6. Soan thao thir mai va giri din tit ca nhCrng
ngirai tham gia. Giri kem chirong trinh lam viec
va ban sao cua Danh gia tinh hinh.
7. Thu thap tai lieu cho cuoc d6i thoai. Trong do co
thl bao glm the ghi chu, bang trinh bay, gily
khi Ian, but, gily ghi chu theo quy each, danh
muc tai lieu, v.v.
8. Xac nhan si ngirai tham dir thong qua RSVP.
9. Tl chirc (cac) cuoc d6i thoai!
XAC DjNH CAC VAN DE VA CAC DIP AN TIEM NANG
Muc dich chinh cua viec tl chirc (cac) cuoc d6i thoai giCra cac ben lien quan la dl xac djnh cac vln dl va
iru tien cac dir an lien quan dl giai quylt cac vln dl do. Dilu quan trong la phai co mot dilu ph6i vien
gioi dl giup ting hap cac quan dilm khac nhau cua cac ben lien quan. Qua trinh nay se mang lai sir ding
thuan dl xac djnh cac vln dl cip bach nhlt va lira chon cac dir an dirge thong bao theo y kiln dong gop
cua cac ben lien quan.
Dilu phli vien nen chia cac ben lien quan thanh cac nhom nho co dli tirgng dai dien da dang dl trao dli
thong tin tit hon va bl tri dii thai gian dl thao luan vl chu dl nay. Thong qua cac cuoc thao luan theo
nhom nho, cac ben lien quan din dat dirge cac muc tieu sau:
• Xac djnh cac vin dl trong cong tac quan ly rac • Xac djnh ngirai quan ly/ngirai phu trach cho m§i dir an
thai bien va chat thai ran va cac thieu sot trong
cong ding
1 Xac djnh va iru tien cac giai phap ngin, trung va
dai han dl giai quylt cac thilu sot do
1 Thilt lap cac dir an thirc tl, co thl dat dirge va
co thl do lirang cho cac giai phap nay
¦ Chi djnh cac muc hanh dong va nhiem vu cho
nhCrng ngirai tham gia
¦ Xac djnh cac nguln lire co sin cho m§i dir an
¦ Phat triln cac torn tit y tirang cho cac dir an tilm nang
¦ Len Ijch cho cac cuoc dli thoai tilp theo, nlu din
Khi thao luan ve cac giai phap, cac ben lien quan can xem xet cac dir an cai thien cong tac quan ly chat
thai rin hieu qua va an toan vai moi trirang a moi kha nang. Nlu khong, cac ben lien quan co thl bj thu
hut bai nhCrng "thing Igi nhanh chong" nhir don dep bai biln, mac du co Igi nhirng chi giai quylt vln dl
mot each hai hgt va khong tap trung n§ lire vao nguln gle cua vin dl.
LUU Y CHO DIEU PHOl VIEN HOAC
NHOM TRIEN KHAI
Tot nhat cac ben lien quan nen lam viec theo nhom nho de xac djnh ro han cac van de va iru tien cac dir
an tilm nang. Cac nhom nho phai cir ra mot trirang nhom va mot ngirai ghi chu/bao cao vien dl vilt ra
nhCrng dilm chinh din trao dli dl giri thong bao din cac ben lien quan. Thong tin nay se dirge dilu phli
vien cua cuoc dli thoai torn tit lai. Tham khao Hirang din tham gia cua cong ding cua EPA11 tren World
Cafe (www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/public-participation-auide-world-cafes): mot phirang phap
vl each tiln hanh mot cuoc thao luan nang dong va
tirang tac theo nhom nho.
Vi du, phirang phap hi trg cua The World Cafe hi
trg thu thap thong tin trong bli canh khong dli diu
va cho phep ling nghe nhCrng quan dilm tir nhCrng
ngirai tham gia it dirge dai dien. Quy trinh cua The
World Cafe dat ra cac cau hoi rieng cho cac cuoc
thao luan theo nhom nho giup lo ra nhCrng dilm
manh, dilm ylu, ca hoi va mli de doa dl giai quylt
vln dl rac thai biln.
Phln nay cua cuoc dli thoai co thl tra thanh
mot phien dli thoai khi nhCrng vln dl gay birc
xuc dirge trut bo. Dilu phli vien din el ging
duy tri khong khi thoai mai va biln cuoc tro
chuyen thanh ca hoi dl tim hilu nhCrng tra
ngai ma hp dang gap phai va culi cung la xac
djnh cac each giup giam bat cac rao can nay.
Hifang din triln khai chirong trinh qu6c tl vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 14
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BIEN CAC DIP AN THANH GIAI PHAP
Cac giai phap da dirge xac djnh se cin dirge cu thl hoa thanh cac dir an thirc tl, co thl dat dirge va co
thl do lirang phan anh nhCrng vln dl da dirge thao luan trong cuoc d6i thoai. Sau khi nhCrng ngirai tham
gia xac djnh dirge cac vln dl va giai phap iru tien, hp din danh thai gian lam viec theo cac nhom nho
dl phat triln torn tit y tirang cua dir an mot each rpng rai, phac thao cac dir an tilm nang cin thirc hien.
Vi du, trong chirang trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai a Jamaica, cac ben lien quan da xac djnh ba dir an
thi dilm tilm nang cho chirong trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai. M§i nhom xac djnh mot dir an co chi phi
thlp, cong nghe thlp va giai quylt cac thilu sot dirge trinh bay trong cuoc d6i thoai giCra cac ben lien
quan.
Tom tat y tirang co the ngan gon, nhir tai lieu mot trang minh hoa muc tieu cua dir an, cac doi tac lien
quan, cac nguln kinh phi va tan dung tilm nang va mo ta ngin gon vl viec thirc hien. Co thl co mot s6
dir an tilm nang phat sinh trong qua trinh d6i thoai, vi vay dilu quan trong la cac nhom nho phai thanh lap
mot Uy ban dilu ph6i cac ben lien quan dl giup hirang qua trinh din giai doan thirc hien tilp theo.
LPu tien dy an
Cac dir an da xac djnh co thl mo ta cong viec khac nhau vl
pham vi, thai gian, chi phi va mire do n§ lire va hgp tac din
thilt dl thirc hien thanh cong. Cac ben lien quan din thirc
tl va ban dlu din xem xet iru tien cac dir an co thl dl thirc
hien hen va/hoac co thl thirc hien trong thai gian ngin. Vi du,
nhCrng dir an co chi phi thlp thirang co thl dirge thirc hien
trong 6-8 thang va cln it ylu t6 cong nghe, dilu nay khiln
chung tra thanh nhCrng dir an hieu qua dlu tien. Cac ben lien
quan cung nen thao luan vl cac dir an trung han (1-2 nam) va
dai han (2-5 nam tra len) dl xem xet, nhirng nhCrng dir an nay
co thl din nguln v6n Ian va phai bit dlu xay dirng quan he
d6i tac sau rong va cln dirge coi la co mire do iru tien thip khi
cln hanh dong tire thai. Vi du vl cac dir an trung va dai han
co thl la thilt lap cac tuyln dirang thu gom chit thai trong cac
khu dan cir mai, dam bao cac nguln lire nhir xe thu gom chit
thai hoac xay dirng mot bai chon lip hgp ve sinh. Theo thai
gian, cac ben lien quan co thl xay dirng m6i quan he va tim
kilm cac nguln lire ben ngoai dl dirge h§ trg thirc hien cac
dir an Ian han.
Chircmg trinh TFWtai Jamaica:
Dir an Giam thieu chit thai rln cua
Whitehouse and Bluefields da thilt lap
mot he th6ng thu gom chit thai sau do
dirge phan loai thanh cac chit u hCru co
va nhira. Chit u hCru co dirge cung clp
cho nong dan trong cong d6ng va nhira
da dirge cac B6i tac tai chi tai Jamaica
tong hgp, thu gom va bao lanh. Sandals
Foundation la d6i tac tai trg cho viec
thu gom va tai chi trong cac cong d6ng
xung quanh cua Sandals Resorts. Cu6i
cung, muc tieu cua dir an la thilt lap co
chi tai chinh de cac cong d6ng co the
kilm tiln tir viec ban nhCrng thCr ho thu
thap dirge.
Uy ban dilu ph6i cac ben lien quan se quan ly tit ca cac torn tit y tirang vl dir an co lien quan va mire do
iru tien cua cac dir an. Viec liru trCr hi sa nay co vai tro quan trong d6i vai tinh bin vCrng cua chirang trinh
TFW, vi no cho phep cac ben lien quan co kha nang di dung hirang va tilp tuc hirang tai cac muc tieu
trung va dai han da dat ra.
Hirang din triln khai chirang trinh qu6c tl vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 15
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©>~
Thyc hien dy an va cac hanh dong tiep theo
THANH LAP UY BAN Bl£U PHOl CAC BEN LIEN QUAN
Dl thyc hien cac dy an hieu qua va thanh cong, dilu quan trong la phai thanh lap mot Uy ban dilu ph6i
cac ben lien quan dl danh gia cac dy an tilm nang da dirge thao luan trong cuoc dli thoai va dira chung
vao giai doan triln khai.
Uy ban dieu phoi cac ben lien quan la gi?
Uy ban dilu ph6i cac ben lien quan la mot nhom cac ben lien quan nho han co trach nhiem huang din
thyc hien cac dy an da duoc xac djnh trong cuoc dli thoai va duy trl hoat dong ph6i hgp vai tit ca cac
ben lien quan tham gia. Uy ban dilu ph6i co the hoat dong nhir mot diln dan de cac ben lien quan va cac
d6i tac dy an rpng han thirang xuyen tham gia theo each chfnh thire hoac khong chinh thuc dl:
• Danh gia torn tat y tirang dy an da dirge nop trong hoac sau cuoc d6i thoai giura cac ben lien quan dl
triln khai thirc hien
• Dam bao cac dy an da dirge xac djnh trong cuoc dli thoai giCra cac ben lien quan se dirge triln khai hien
hoac co kl hoach triln khai
• Thao luan vl cac ca hoi ngSn, trung va dai han da xac djnh trong cuoc d6i thoai giCra cac ben lien quan
• Dira ra nhQ'ng quylt djnh kjp thai trong cac cuoc hop co sy tham gia tryc tilp va cam kit cua cac ben
lien quan
• Hoat dong nhu' mot ban c6 vln cho cac ben lien quan va d6i tac dy an rong han cung nhir toan cong ding
Trong Uy ban dilu phli cac ben lien quan, cSn xac djnh (nhCrng) Ngirai phu trach chirang trinh Viing
nirac khong rac thai. Ngirai phu trach chirang trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai la ngirai se co vai tro la
dilu phli vien trirang cua chirang trinh TFWva duy trl tfnh bin vCrng va sy phli hgp cua ban dilu phli
trong suit thai gian thyc hien sang kiln. Ngirai phu trach co thl la bit ky ai, nhirng ho phai co tl chit lanh
dao va cam kit giai quylt v&n dl rac thai biln trong cong ding hoac 6 dip qulc gia. Vf du, a Jamaica
va Panama, cac chuyen gia trong cac ca quan quan ly moi trirang qulc gia la Ngirai phu trach; mot thj
trirang hoac lanh dao cong ding cung co thl dam nhan vai tro do.
Uy ban dilu phli cln dirge cong nhan chfnh thirc theo giiy ta dl dam bao ring tit ca cac ben tham gia
se duy trl mli quan he va nang cao tlrn nhin cung nhir tlm quan trong cua nhom. Tai lieu vl Dilu khoan
tham chilu co thl hi trg viec cong nhan Uy ban va cung c!p cac giiy ta xac minh va cung clp tai lieu vl
muc dfch, chirc nang, thanh phln va hoat dong cua uy ban. Tai lieu vl Dilu khoan tham chilu cua Uy ban
TFW mlu dirge cung cSp trong phln Phu luc. Nhilu Uy ban dilu phli TFW hop vai lln mli nam, tiiy thuoc
vao nhu c§u thirc hien.
mm 4 ^ ^ ^ - ». *
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Cac chai thuy tinh tai pha Condado. San Juan,
Puerto Rico
Khoang 80% lu-gng rac thai song ho den tif
cac nguon tren mat dat
Huong din triln khai chirang trinh qulc tl vl viing nu'dc khong rac thai | 16
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Du'O'i day la nhung cau hoi cdn xem xet khi thanh lap Uy ban dilu phdi cac ben lien quan va xac
djnh vai tro va trach nhiem cua Uy ban:
1. NhCrng ai nen tham gia Uy ban?
2. Dau la ca clu phu hgp nhlt cho Uy ban, dira tren nhu clu cua khu virc hay cong ding?
3. M§i ngirai tham gia co vai tro nhir thl nao trong Uy ban? NhCrng ai va thuoc tl chirc nao se co quyln
lanh dao va ra quylt djnh? NhCrng ngirai tham gia phai cam kit va chju trach nhiem trirac uy ban.
4. Chiln lirgc ting thl cua Uy ban la gi? It nhlt, chiln lipgc phai bao g6m:
a. B6i thoai giCra cac ben lien quan
b. Cac ngu6n kinh phi tilm nang
c. Thirc hien va lap kl hoach dy an
d. Chiln djch nang cao nhan thirc cua cong ding
e. Lap mot nhom Ilfc lirgng dac trach hoac mot uy ban cl vin (hoac mot nhom co tl chirc khac)
dl lanh dao
THLPC HIEN DIP AN
Sau khi thanh lap Uy ban dilu phli cac ben lien quan, uy ban nay din tap trung vao viec thirc hien dy an.
Muc tieu cua chircng trinh TFW la dat dipgc cac kit qua hCm hinh tip viec dli thoai giCra cac ben lien quan.
Cac ben lien quan muln thiy vin dl dirge giai quylt. Uy ban dilu phli cac ben lien quan co vai tro hirccng
din viec thirc hien dir an. Cac thanh vien ca nhan cua Uy ban cung co thl co trach nhiem thirc hien noi bo.
Dl thirc hien thanh cong cac dir an do Uy ban dilu phli xac djnh, din phai co mot kl hoach thirc hien dir
an chi tilt bao glm bilu tiln do, ngan sach, vai tro va trach nhiem va cac sir cl bit nga trong trirang hgp
co nhCrng vin dl khong lirang trirac dirge do cac trirang hgp bit ngo\ Trirac khi bit dlu cong viec, Uy
ban dilu phli phai lam viec vai cac dli tac noi bo dl dira ra kl hoach triln khai va bang ke cong viec.
Soan thao kl hoach triin khai
Kl hoach triln khai phac thao cac hoat dong va quylt djnh din thilt dl biln cac muc tieu chiln lirgc va muc
dich cua dir an thanh hien thirc va giup dam bao sir thanh cong trong noi bo. TFW tap hgp nhilu ben lien
quan tir cac khu virc kinh tl khac nhau thanh quan he dli tac se thirc hien cac dir an noi bo. Viec nay lien
quan din nhilu dli tirgng tham gia khac nhau, ngan sach, vai tro va trach nhiem. Kl hoach triln khai se giup
dira nhCrng chi tilt cu thl nay vao mot tai lieu co thl tham khao dirge trong suit qua trinh cua dir an.
Bi§u tiln do
Kl hoach triln khai din co mot bilu tiln do ro rang vl cac sir kien va hoat dong din thilt dl thirc hien
thanh cong. Bilu tiln do din tinh din toan bo qua trinh, tir viec dam bao kinh phi va vilt bang ke cong
viec vai cac dli tac dir an cho din khi hoan thanh va danh gia thanh cong. Thong thirang, cac dir an TFW
co chi phi thlp, cong nghe thlp va co thl dirge thirc hien trong thai gian tirang dli ngln - mot nam tra
xulng. Cac dir an lau han, phirc tap han co thl doi hoi nhilu nguln lire va kl hoach. Bilu tiln do cung
phai bao glm cac mlc quan trong cho cac san phlm hoac sir kien dirge giao, tuy thuoc vao dir an.
Vai tro va trach nhiem
Cln xac djnh ro rang cac vai tro va trach nhiem trong Kl hoach triln khai. NhCrng ca nhan soan lap Kl
hoach triln khai co thl khong phai la ngirai thirc hien cong viec. Vi TFW tap hgp nhilu ben lien quan nen
co thl gay nhlm lin khi khong xac djnh dirge cac vai tro va trach nhiem, dac biet la cac vai tro tir thirc
hien cong viec va giam sat viec thirc hien dir an va ngan sach. Day la nhCrng vj tri quan trong cln dirge
xac djnh sam va se duy tri sir thanh cong cua dir an.
Hifang din triln khai chirong trinh qu6c tl vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 17
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Ngan sach
ChLFang trinh TFW khong phai luc nao cung co sin cac nguln Ilfc dl thyc hien dy an. Do do, dilu quan
trong la cac ben lien quan phai doan kit cung nhau va tap hgp moi nguln Ilfc ma hp co thl co vao mot
dy an co thl hanh dong mang lai kit qua co y nghTa cho cong ding, thanh ph6 hoac qu6c gia. Cac dy an
khong phai luc nao cung din co lirgng ngan sach Ian va nguln ngan sach thip se khong ngan can cac
ben lien tilp tuc thyc hien dy an. Xem xet tan dung cac nguln Ilfc tCr cac dy an khac dang diln ra trong
khu vyc dl t6i da hoa cac n§ lyc thyc hien. Ngan sach cho mot dy an TFW phai bao glm chi phi lao
dong, vat lieu, di lai, cung nhLF chi phi hoat dong chung dl duy tri cong tac quan ly dy an.
Sip c6 bit ngo'
Dy an TFW khong phai luc nao cung diln ra suon se nhLF kl hoach dat ra. Cac dy an co thl bj tri hoan, tin
thlt Igi ich cua mot ben lien quan chu chit hoac vat lieu co thl bj hLF hong hoac bj danh dip. Mac du hilm
gap, nhurig dilu quan trong din lap kl hoach dy phong cho moi sy cl bit nga co thl xay ra. Khi xay ra
truing hgp tri hoan, hay thao luan vl cac phLFcng an ngay vai cac ben lien quan va canh bao cho cac can
bo dja phLFcng vl hanh vi trom cit vat lieu. Cac sy cl bit nga co thl bao glm viec xem xet cac bien phap
an ninh hoac giam sat bl sung dl ngan chan moi sy cl tri hoan vo y hoac nglu nhien. Dilu quan trong la
phai linh hoat khi thyc hien dy an va nlu dy an khong diln ra theo kl hoach, hay can nhic chuyln sang mot
dy an khac da dLFgc xac djnh trong cuoc dli thoai co thl dl dang hen dl triln khai tryc tilp.
DUY TRl K£T NOl VA SLP THAM GIA CUA CAC BEN LIEN QUAN
Dilu quan trong la cac ben lien quan phai duy tri kit nli, tham gia va tilp tuc cong viec da bit dlu theo
(cac) cuoc dli thoai giCra cac ben lien quan. Uy ban dilu phli cac ben lien quan co vai tro duy tri sy tham
gia vai cac dli tac dy an va cac ben lien quan rong hen. Vi chLFong trinh TFW chu ylu la ty nguyen, nen
chLFong trinh nay co thl bj coi nhe do cac thanh vien Uy ban va cac ben lien quan khac coi trong cac lfu
tien va trach nhiem canh tranh. Co thl duy tri dong lyc vai cac ben lien quan blng each len Ijch cho cac
cuoc hop djnh ky, hoac cac cuoc hop chinh thLFC, tryc tilp, hay cac buli "dilm danh" nhanh, khong chinh
thLFC. Nh&ng hoat dong nay co thl dLFgc Uy ban bl tri va tao dilu kien.
Viec duy tri lien lac vai mot nhom Ian co thl rlt kho khan. Uy ban din xem xet viec tao ra mot nln tang
nhin tin theo nhom tren thilt bj di dong (vi du: WhatsApp, Facebook messenger, v.v.) dl duy tri kit nli vai
cac dli tac triln khai va cac ben lien quan cung nhLF bit ky ca nhan nao khac muln tilp tuc tham gia va
dLFgc cung dip thong tin. Uy ban co thl slf dung cac nln tang kit nli nay dl chia se thong tin vl cac bLFac
tilp theo, cac vin dl va thong tin cap nhat vl dy an vai cac ben lien quan. Cac cuoc hop tryc tilp rit quan
trong trong viec duy tri mli quan he gi&a cac ca nhan din thilt vi sy bin vung cua chLFang trinh, nhLFng
co thl kho len Ijch. Cac buli dilm danh khong chinh thLFC co thl du dl dam bao sy tham gia, nhLFng tien
ich va hieu qua cua chung phu thuoc vao nhu du cua cac ben lien quan va dli tac triln khai cua ban.
Ngoai viec dilm danh hang tuln hoac cuoc hop tryc tilp, co nhilu each khac dl duy tri kit nli va tham
gia cho cac ben lien quan. Vi du, cac thLF tin tijc hoac tin nhin email co thl dLFgc slf dung dl nhic nha vl
nhung hoat dong dang diln ra, cac cuoc hop cong ding, cac sy kien khoa hoc cong ding cung nhu1 cac
hanh dong va hoat dong khac. Vi du vl thLF tin tijc vl chLFang trinh Vung nLFac khong rac thai trong nLFac
cua EPA co trong Phu luc.
Hifang din triln khai chirong trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 18
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0Giam sat, danh gia va duy tri Chipong trinh
vung niro'c khong rac thai va cac du> an cua
chiFcng trinh
Sau khi kit thuc (cac) cuoc d6i thoai, dilu quan trong la phai duy tri hieu qua cua chuang trinh TFW thong
qua viec giam sat du an, danh gia va xac djnh cac ca hoi dl ma rong. Uy ban dilu ph6i cac ben lien quan,
nhu da giai thfch a Buac 4, phai co quy trinh giam sat va danh gia cung nhu cac bien phap cho tit ca cac
dir an da diro'c cac ben lien quan xac djnh la mot phln cua Ki hoach triln khai cua ho. Diiu quan trong la
Uy ban phai n§ lire thyc hien cang nhilu dir an da dirge xac djnh cang t6t; cln co mot k§ hoach ro rang
cho cac dir an uu tien. Mot s6 dir an co the duoc thuc hien d6ng thai. Niu co the thuc hien d6ng thai,
thanh lap cac tilu ban cho m§i du an se thilt lap trach nhiem giai trinh, duy tri dong luc va tang them su
ph6i hgp giua cac du an.
GIAM SAT, DANH GIA VA CAC BIEN PHAP LIEN QUAN
Viec giam sat va danh gia lien tuc rit quan trong trong viec duy tri chuang trinh TFW manh me, phii hgp
va hieu qua giup xac djnh cac khau con ylu va dam bao thanh cong v§ lau dai. Vi du, Cuoc d6i thoai giua
cac ben lien quan phai co danh gia sau d6i thoai d! xac djnh nhung phln nao cua cuoc d6i thoai co hieu
qua, nhung phln nao cln cai thien va tao ca hoi de cac ben lien quan dua ra y kiln phan h6i. Cuoc d6i
thoai giua cac ben lien quan bit buoc phai dugc danh gia lien tuc d! dam bao ring thong tin cua cuoc d6i
thoai h§ trg ca viec thuc hien chuang trinh va du an. Vi du vl bilu mlu danh gia Cuoc d6i thoai giua cac
ben lien quan dugc cung clp trong Phu luc.
O" clp dp du an, cln giam sat va danh gia chat che cac giai doan thuc hien. Trong mot s6 truang hgp,
cac cong d6ng thuc hien du an cua hp co the gap phai nhung kho khan khong luang truac va/hoac thanh
cong ngoai du tinh. Vi du, vln d§ ban dlu dugc xac djnh trong cuoc d6i thoai giua cac ben lien quan la
mot giai phap dan gian co thl khong dl dang thuc hien dugc do nhung truang hgp khong luang truac,
Giam sat va danh gia la cong cu giup nguai thuc hien nhan rong nhung thanh phln da dap ung cac muc
tieu cua du an, d6ng thai suy xet lai cac thanh phln du an chua thanh cong.
M§i du an TFW se co cac bien
phap khac nhau, tuy thuoc vao
muc tieu cua du an. Thong
thuang, muc tieu chinh cua du
an TFW se nhlm giam lugng
rac thai biln trong moi truang
trong mot khoang thai gian cu
thl. Duai day la cac vi du v'e
du an giup minh hpa cac muc
tieu, bien phap tuang irng va
cac hoat dpng giam sat va
danh gia co thl dugc thuc hien
truac, trong va sau mot du an.
Hinh anh tif Chirarig trinh Marine Debris cua NOAA
Huang din triln khai chuang trinh qu6c tl v§ vung nu'ac khong rac thai | 19
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VI DU 1 | DU' AN: Nang cao nhan thii'c cua cong ddng v§ rac thai bai bi§n
MUC TIEU: Nang cao nhan thCrc vl tac dong cua viec xa rac tren bai biln cua du khach
(CAC) BIEN PHAPTIEM NANG:
1. Tinh ting cac chiln djch nang cao nhan thCrc dirge thirc hien trong mot khoang thai gian.
2. Tiln hanh mot cuoc khao sat ban dlu vl du khach dl danh gia nhan thCrc cua hp vl vln dl nay. Vao
cu6i chiln djch nang cao nhan thCrc, hay tiln hanh mot cuoc khao sat tilp theo dl xac djnh xem cac
du khach khac din bai biln nhan thCrc vl vln dl nay hay khong.
3. Tiln hanh don dep bai biln trirac khi thirc hien chiln djch nang cao nhan thCrc dl xac djnh cac loai
chit thai va danh gia lirgng chit thai dirge thu gom. So sanh cac dilm dCr lieu do vai cac dilm dCr
lieu tir hoat dong don dep bai biln dirge thirc hien khi kit thuc chiln djch nang cao nhan thCrc dl xac
djnh xem co sir thay dli vl s6 lirgng va loai chit thai dirge thu gom hay khong.
HOAT DONG GlAM SAT/OANH GlA TlEM NANG:
Sau hoat dong don dep bai biln ban dlu, phai tiln hanh giam sat djnh ky theo Ijch da In djnh (chon mot
ngay trong tuln va thai gian) dl danh gia va ghi lai s6 lirgng va loai chit thai dirge tim thly trong mot
khu virc nho tren bai biln. Sir dung dilm dCr lieu nay dl tap trung vao thong diep, vj tri va d6i tirgng cua
chiln djch nang cao nhan thirc dang diln ra.
VI DU 2 | DU' AN: Cai thien hoat dong thu gom chit thai trong mot cong ddng muc tieu
MUC TIEU: Tang lirgng chit thai dirge thu gom tap trung vao cac vat lieu co thl tai chl co gia trj cao.
(CAC) BIEN PHAPTIEM NANG:
1. Tiln hanh phan tich chit thai hoac xac djnh dac tinh chit thai cua chit thai dirge tao ra trong cong
ding muc tieu. Co thl tim thong tin vl cac phirang phap xac djnh dac tinh chit thai tai
www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/06numbers.pdf. Tang cirang va/hoac cai
thien hoat dong thu gom chit thai trong khu virc muc tieu dirge thong bao bing phan tich chit thai.
2. Theo doi lirgng chit thai dirge thu gom va/hoac tai chl theo chl do thu gom mai. NhCrng dCr lieu nay
se djnh lirgng lirgng chit thai dirge quan ly va/hoac loai bo khoi cac tuyln dirang thuy.
HOAT DONG GlAM SAT/OANH GlA TlEM NANG:
Kit qua phan tich hoac xac djnh dac tinh chit thai se cung clp thong tin cu thl vl cac dong chit thai
khac nhau va ty le cua chung so vai ting dong chit thai. Vi du, nlu phan tich ban dlu cho thly chit
thai hCru ca chilm mot phln dang kl trong dong chit thai, thi cln tap trung vao viec tang cirang tai chl
chit thai hCru ca. Sau khi chirang trinh tai chl chit thai hCru ca dirge thirc hien, hay tiln hanh phan tich
chit thai djnh ky dl xac djnh xem ty le chit thai hCru ca dang giam hay dirge loai bo khoi dong chit thai
chung. Thong tin nay se giup xac djnh cac khu virc cua dir an cln dilu chinh dl tang kha nang tai chl
chit thai hCru ca.
VI DU 3 | DU' AN: He thdng thu gom rac thai hoac hang rao ndi du'O'c lip dat tai he thdng du'O'ng
thuy bj o nhilm nang
MUC TIEU: Giam lirgng chit thai a ha liru cua tuyln dirang thuy cua he thing thu gom rac thai hoac
hang rao nli
BIEN PHAPTIEM NANG:
1. Sau khi lip dat ban dlu, hay djnh lirgng lirgng chit thai va loai chit thai dirge thu gom trong he
thing thu gom rac thai (vi du: hang rao nli chin rac thai) trong khoang thai gian nhlt djnh. Viec nay
co thl dirge thirc hien nhilu lln trong khoang thai gian ma he thing thu gom rac thai dirge lip dat.
NhCrng dCr lieu nay se djnh lirgng si lirgng chit thai chay xulng ha liru cua tuyln dirang thuy.
HOAT DONG GlAM SAT/OANH GlA TlEM NANG:
Viec giam sat va danh gia lien tuc he thing thu gom rac thai hoac hang rao nli rlt quan trong giup dam
bao ring he thing lip dat dang hoat dong tit va an toan. Hoat dong nay cung se cung clp thong tin hi
trg xac djnh cac dilm nong (vj tri nai chit thai tich tu nhanh han so vai cac vj tri khac) va bit ky biln
dong theo mua nao vl loai va si lirgng chit thai. Cac dilm dCr lieu nay se dam bao hang rao nli se
hoat dong hieu qua theo vj tri va chit thai thu gom se dirge loai bo thirang xuyen.
Hifang din triln khai chirang trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nifac khong rac thai | 20
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Viec dat ra cac muc tieu thyc tl cho dy an vai cac bien phap tuang ling la mlu ch6t di chung rriinh tinh
hieu qua cua dy an TFW. Hoat dong giam sat va danh gia lien tuc cac muc tieu cua dy an va cac bien
phap da dat ra se cho phep nhCrng ngirai thyc hien dy an djnh lu"gng tac dong tCr cac hoat dong cua dy
an va xac djnh xem cac hoat dong co dap img muc tieu da dat ra hay khong. Nlu dm cai ti§n hoac thay
d8i d§ dap irng muc tieu, ho co thl dirge thong bao tir cac bo dCr lieu nay thay v] dya vao kjch ban thyc
hien thir va sai. Viec do luang va danh gia tlnh hieu qua cua dy an se cho phep nhan rong cac hang muc
thanh cong khi thyc hien cac dy an trong tu"ang lai d6ng thai tranh nhCrng sai lim khi thyc hien cac dy an
trirac do.
Thanh cong cua mot chircng trinh TFW phu thuoc vao viec tao ra mot ca clu chiu trach nhiem co thl
dirge thyc hien thong qua Uy ban dilu ph6i cac ben lien quan v6i cac d6i tac npi bo, nhir chinh quyin dja
phirang, cac t6 chirc phi chinh phu hoac cac nhom cong d6ng. Uy ban nay cln co kl hoach triln khai bao
g6m cac muc tieu, bien phap va qua trinh giam sat/danh gia lien tuc d6i vai cac dy an. Viec thyc hien dy
an thanh cong cSn dirge din dit bai cac bai hoc kinh nghiem tam thai tir cong tac giam sat va danh gia.
Hinh arih tif Chuang tririh Marine Debris cua NOAA
Huang din triln khai chirong trinh qu6c tl vl vung nu'ac khong rac thai | 21
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KET LUAN VA CHIA SE NHIJNG THANH CONG
CUA CHUQNG TRINH VUNG NUQC KHONG
rAc THAI
Hwang din qu6c tl vl TFW la mot cong cu dirge thilt kl cho cac dai dien tip tit ca cac cip cua chmh phu,
cac tl chirc phi chinh phu va cac nha lanh dao cong ding. Muc tieu cua Hirang din nay la cung cip cho
ngirai dung cac cong cu va huong din cln thilt dl tl chirc, thyc hien va duy tri mot chirang trinh TFW
trong mot cong ding hoac qu6c gia. TFW la mot ca chl hieu qua dl giup cac ben lien quan tham gia vao
qua trinh ra quylt djnh va giup xay dyng quan he d6i tac giCra cac ben iien quan tao ra cac m6i quan he
lau dai va thuc dly cac giai phap bin vCrng dl quan ly ch§t thai rin va cac vln dl vl rac thai biin. Cu6i
cung, slp thanh cong cua ch^ang trinh Vung nuac khong rac thai phu thuoc vao sy ung ho cua cong ddng
va cac nha lanh dao tarn huylt se dam bao ti§p tuc thirc hien dy an sau cuoc ddi thoai ban d§u.
Thanh cong cua chuong trinh TFW cln duoc chia se voi nh&ng nguai khac. Chia se nhung thanh cong
co th§ diln ra trong cac cong d6ng khac trong ciing lim vyc dang d6i mat vai nh&ng kho khan gi6ng nhau
hoac vai cac t6 chipc trong khu vyc va toan clu dang tlm kiim nhCrng giai phap sang tao d§ giai quylt
vSn dl rac thai biln. Viec chia se thanh cong co thl giup kit n6i cac ben lien quan tai dja phirang vai cac
chuyen gia dip qu6c gia, khu vyc hoac toan clu cung nhu' cung dip dpng lyc cho nhung nguai thyc hien
dy an. Uy ban nen xem xet phat triln cac trifang hap diln hinh vl cac giai phap sang tao dac biet dl giup
chia se nhCmg thanh cong nay dl dang va rong rai han. Cac trirang hap diln hlnh co vai tro nhir nhCrng
minh chung ngln gon, dl chia se cho cac d6i tac ben ngoai dl cho thiy kho khan cua cong ding d6i vai
vSn dl rac thai biln, giai thich ly do mot dy an nh§t djnh dirge xac djnh dl giai quylt kho khan do va mo
ta nh&ng g] da gop ph§n vao sy thanh cong cua dy an. Ban co thl xem vf du vl trirang hap diln hinh tir
mot dy an giam thilu rac thai biln cua Uy ban Hgp tac Bao ve Moi tru ong (CEC) tai http://www3.cec.org/
islandora/en/item/11836-buildina-communitv-solutions-marine-litter-in-north-america-salish-sea-en.pdf.
Cac t6 chirc khu vyc va toan clu co thl dong vai tro quan trong trong viec h§ trg chuang trinh TFW a
tirng qulc gia hoac cong ddng dja phirang, va cac nha tl chirc chu=ang trinh TFW cln sir dung chung iam
nguln lyc. Vi du, Chirang trinh Moi trirang Lien Hgp Qulc (UNEP)12 co vai tro quan trong trong viec thyc
hien chirang trinh TFW tai Panama va Jamaica (xem trang thong tin trong Phu lyc). Sy hien dien thuang
xuyen cua UNEP tai My Latinh va khu vyc Caribe cho phep tl chirc nay kit nli vai cac dy an TFW vai cac
muc tieu tirong ty trong toan khu vyc va nhCrng nai khac. Cung co nhCrng tl chirc khac trong cong ding
NGO va khu virc tu1 nhan co mli quan tarn tirang ty trong viec giup giai quylt vln dl rac thai biln, bao
glm Tl chirc Bao ve Moi trirang Biln13, Circulate Capital14, Ca quan Hgp tac Kinh tl Chau A - Thai Binh
Dirang15 va Lien minh Loai bo Rac thai Nhya16. Cac tl chirc nay dang tlm kilm cac giai phap cai tiln cho
vln dl rac thai biln, dac biet la cac giai phap co th£ nhan rong va ma rong. Do do, tit nhlt nen can nhlc
nhilu han vl cac tac dong va giai phap rong han khi chuang trinh TFW tai dja phirang co tiln triln.
Tom lai, giam cac nguln chit thai rln tir dlt liln co thl giai quylt hieu qua vln dl rac thai biln. Quan ly
chit thai rln hieu qua va an toan vai moi trirang la dilm mlu chit va cln dirge nhln manh trong bit ky
chirang trinh TFW nao. Nlu khong, cac qulc gia co thl bj thu hut bai nhCrng thing Igi nhanh chong nhu'
don dep bai biln, mac du co Igi nhirng chi giai quylt vln dl mot each hai hgt va khong tap trung n§ lyc
vao nguln gle cua vln dl. Ylu tl quan trong dl mang lai thanh cong cho chirang trinh TFW la sy tham
gia cua cac ben lien quan va cac nha lanh dao cong ding vao qua trinh ra quylt djnh. Cac lien minh manh
me giCra cac bo nganh lien quan cua chinh phu, cac tl chirc phi chinh phu va khu vyc tir nhan thuc dly sy
hgp tac bin vCrng va hanh dong cln thilt dl giai quylt toan dien vln dl rac thai biln. Khi co cam kit cua
cac ben lien quan, cac cong ding co thl dat dugc muc tieu cua minh dl giai quylt vln dl rac thai biln.
Mot tuyen dirang thiiy nguyen so a Trung My
Huang dSn triln khai chirong trinh qu6c tl vl vung nu'ac khong rac thai | 22
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tAi lieu tham khAo
1. U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Marine Debris Program.
marinedebris.noaa.gov
2. Jambeck, Jenna et al. 2015. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science. Volume 347,
Issue 6223. pp. 768-771.
3. Ocean Conservancy, Stemming the Tide: Land-based strategies for a plastic-free ocean (2015).
oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/full-report-stemming-the.pdf
4. Schmidt, C et al. 2017. Export of plastic debris by rivers into the sea. Environment, Science, and
Technology. Volume 51, Issue 21. pp. 12246-12253.
5. World Bank, "What a Waste 2.0" (2018) openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/30317
6. Hutton, G et al. 2007. Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions.
Water & Health. Volume 5, Issue 4. pp. 481-502.
7. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. 2020. Update of 2009 APEC report on economic costs of marine
debris to APEC economies. apec.org/Publications/2020/03/Update-of-2009-APEC-Report-on-Economic-
Costs-of-Marine-Debris-to-APEC-Economies
8. Ocean Conservancy, The next wave investment strategies for plastic free seas (2017)
oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/the-next-wave-1 .pdf
9. Wlson, et al. 2015. Waste management - still a global challenge in the 21st century: an
evidence-based call for action. Waste Management & Research. Volume 33, Issue 12. pp. 1049-1051.
10. Afon, Abel. 2012. A survey of operational characteristics, socioeconomic and health effects of scaveng-
ing activity in Lagos, Nigeria. Waste Management & Research. Volume 3, Issue 7. pp. 664-671.
11. U.S. EPA, Public Participation Guide, epa.gov/international-cooperation/public-participation-guide
12. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Regional Seas, www.unenvironment.org/explore-top-
ics/oceans-seas/what-we-do/working-regional-seas/marine-litter
13. Ocean Conservancy. Trash Free Seas oceanconservancy.org/trash-free-seas
14. Circulate Capital, circulatecapital.com
15. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Virtual Working Group on Marine Debris.
apec.org/marinedebris/About-Us
16. Alliance to End Plastic Waste, endplasticwaste.org
Hifang din triln khai chirong trinh qu6c ti v! vung nifdc khong rac thai | 23
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PHU LUC
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I
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I-
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o
DE CUQNG DANH GlA TlNH HlNH
I. Gio'i thieu
a. Thong tin cc ban
b. Muc dich va pham vi
c. Thong tin cc ban cho qu6c gia/khu vlfc dja phiFong
i. Dja ly
ii. Thong tin nhan khlu hoc
II. Tinh trang rac thai biln trong bdi canh qudc gia/dja phu'O'ng
a. Cac nguln rac thai
i. Cac nguln thai co nguln g6c tip dlt liln
ii. Cac nguln tip biln
b. Cac loai rac thai biln dipgc tim thly
i. Rac thai nhya
ii. Dl vat dung mot lln
iii. Khac
c. Cac khu vlfc tich tu rac thai
d. Duong di cua rac thai tip nguln thai din cac vung biln
III. DO1 lieu va thong tin vl chit thai
a. DCf lieu vl chit thai
i. S6 lirgng va loai chit thai (nlu co):
1. Da tao ra
2. Da tai chl
3. Da u phan
4. D6t chay dl thu hli nang lirgng
5. Chon lip
6. D6 bo
b. Cac cuoc khao sat vl rac thai va xu hirong
i. S6 lieu thing ke cua chinh phu
ii. DCf lieu khoa hoc cong ding
iii. Cac tl chiFC hoc thuat
IV. NhCrng nd lu'c ngan chan vin dl rac thai bi§n hien tai: Cac ngudn tu' dit liln va biln
a. Clp qulc gia/dja phiFcng
i. Cac hanh dong phap ly
1. Cac uy ban lien bo, quan he dli tac gi&a cac chinh phu va khu vlfc tip nhan
2. Cac cong cu chinh sach cu thl dl ngan chan va quan ly chit thai va rac thai biln
3. Cac luat va quy trinh cu thl cho cong tac quan ly chit thai rln
ii. Cac hanh dong tinh nguyen/khong mang tinh phap ly (giao due va nang cao nhan thirc, can
thiep khong mang tinh phap ly, v.v.)
1. Cac tieu chuln va chircng trinh giam sat
2. Bao cao va tuan thu, bao glm ca cac tieu chuln (nlu co)
3. Kinh phi cam kit
4. Cac bien phap khuyln khich kinh tl va cac chircng trinh thu hut cac ben lien quan khac
iii. Bli diF&ng nang Ilfc
1. Cac chiFong trinh nang cao nhan thirc tap trung vao:
a. Hilu bilt vl nh&ng tac dong
b. Thay dli hanh vi mong muln
c. Khuon khl theo quy djnh (vi du: chiFong trinh hoan tiln coc)
2. Hirang din theo nganh (hiFang din cho nganh thyc phlm va dl ulng, nganh du Ijch, v.v.)
3. Hoi thao va hoi nghj
V. Kit luan
Hifang din triln khai chifang trinh qu6c tl vl vung nifac khong rac thai | 25
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BANG CAU HOI CUA CHUQNG TRlNH VUNG
NUQC KHONG RACTHAl CUA JAMAICA
cAu hoi HOsa
Gio'itinh: ~ Nam ~ NCf
Dotudi: ~ 18-35 ~ 36-55 ~ 56 tra len
S6 ngu'O'i trong ho gia dinh:
Hieu Bl£TVA NHAN THLPC
Chit thai rin/rac thai la gi?
Co
Khong
Thirc phlm bo di
L6p xe cu
Chai nhya da qua slf dung
Quln ao cu
Bao bi va hop dyng da qua slf dung
(gily, tui ni long, hop cac-tong, hop x6p)
Canh cay va co da cit
D6 noi thlt va thilt bj cu
Dien thoai di dong va cac thilt
bj dien tip cu
Nirac thai
Ban co cho ring nguyen nhan la do viec
xlf ly rac thai kern?
Co
Khong
Ngap lut
Chuot
Mu§i
Benh tat (S6t xult huylt,
vi-rut Chick-V)
0 nhilm nguln niFac
0 nhilm khong khi
Co th§ tai su' dung chit thai rin/rac thai khong? ~ Co ~ Khong
Nlu co, ban co thl dira ra mot vi du khong?
Ban co biit rac thai dmyc thu gom vao ngay nao khong? ~ Co ~ Khong
Tin suit rac thai cua ban dmyc thu gom nhip th§ nao? ~ Hang ngay ~ Hang tuln
~ Hai lln mot tuln ~ Khac ~ Khong ro
thAi do
Theo ban, ddi tu'O'ng nao sau day co vai tro trong viec quan ly chit thai rin trong cong ddng cua
ban?
~ Ban ~ NSWMA ~ Hoi d6ng c6 vln/giao xlf cua ban ~ Dai bilu qu6c hoi cua ban
~ Chinh phu/bo nganh ~ Khac
Mpi ngu'O'i nen li'ng pho nhipthi nao khi rac khong du'O'c thu gom? ~ Khong lam gi ~ Khang nghj
~ Dem rac din thung rac Ian, dja dilm bo hoac d6 rac ~ Goi cho NSWMA
~ Goi cho Dai bilu qu6c hoi/hoi vien hoi d6ng
~ Khac:
Hifang din triln khai chifang trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nifac khong rac thai | 26
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BANG CAU HOI CUA CHUQNG TRlNH VUNG
NUQC KHONG RACTHAl CUA JAMAICA miptheo)
Ban ding y hay khong ding y vcci nhung nhan djnh sau?
Ding y
Khong ding y
Toi chi co trach nhiem quan ly rac thai trong nha cua minh
Tit ca chung ta dlu phai gop phln giCr gin cho cong d6ng cua chung ta
luon sach se
Tham gia vao cong tac Quan ly chit thai rin co thl giup tao viec lam cho
moi ngirai trong cong ding cua chung ta
Moi ngirai vCrt rac tren dirang phi va trong cac clng ranh va ranh nipac vi
hp khong co each nao khac dl vCrt bo (thai bo) rac thai cua minh.
Giao due cong ding vl quan ly rac thai thich hgp la mot trong nhCrng each
dl giai quylt cuoc khung hoang vl rac thai.
Di§u gi se khuyin khich ban cai thien cac quy trinh quan ly chit thai rin cua minh?
• Nlu chung toi nhan dirge them h§ trg tip Chinh phu?
• Nlu chung toi co viec lam, nhan dirge cac khoan lfu dai, tiln bac
• Nlu djch vu thu gom rac t6t hen
• Nlu chung toi bilt them vl viec tai sir dung va tai chl
• Khac:
cAc QUY TRlNH
Ban xu> ly rac thai cua minh nhy th§ nao? ~ Bit rac ~ Chon rac ~ 06 bo rac
~ Dem rac din dilm thu gom
~ Khac:
Ban tfch tru' rac & dau tru'O'c khi rac din^c thu gom?
~ Trong nha ~ Trong san ~ Tren ph6 ~ Khac:
Ban xu1 ly nhy th§ nao vai cac dd vat khong dyac co' quan quan ly chit thai dja phu'O'ng thu gom,
nhif dd dac va thiit bj dien tu' Ian?
Ban co tai su1 dung bit ky chit thai rin nao khong?
Nlu co, ban co thl mo ta viec ban lam khong?
Ban da bao gio' dd rac ra du'O'ng hay vao ranh nu'6'c chu'a?
Nlu co, tai sao ban lam vay?
Nlu khong, tai sao khong?
Hifang din triln khai chifang trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nifac khong rac thai | 27
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du An chuqng trInh vung nuqc khong rAc
THAI TAI CU7\ SONG V|NH SAN JUAN: MAU PHAT
HIEN VAT LIEU XAC DINH DAC TINH RAC THAI
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Hirong din triln khai chirong trinh qu6c tl vl vung nifac khong rac thai | 28
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d\j An chuqng trInh vung nuqc khong
rAc THAI TAI CU7\ SONG V|NH SAN JUAN: MAU
XAC D|NH DAC TfNH RAC THAI
Chu'O'ng trinh Cu'a song Vjnh San Juan nh5m muc dich xac djnh cac vat lieu du'O'c tim thiy tren dlt
li§n va cac hoat dong dpn dep du'6'i nu'6'c vo'i muc tieu thu du'O'c thong tin v§ ngudn gdc 6 nhilm.
Hoat dong va dja dilm:
Ngay:
Thai gian bit dlu:
Thai gian kit thuc:
Ten:
Email:
T6 chipc/nhom:
Loai hoat dong dpn dep: CITrendltliln ~ Dirai nirac ~ Giam sat nirac thai
Mo ta khu vu'c
Bothj: Toado:
Khu vlfc lly mlu: ~ Dim pha ~ Ranh ~ H6 chira nirac ~ Bai biln ~ Song ngoi ~ Ngoai o
Bilu kien thai gian: ~ Ning ~ Mira ~ Nhilu may
Pham vi dirge ve sinh: (Met/dam) Thai gian trong nam:
Tom tit Chu'O'ng trinh dpn dep
S6 lipong tinh nguyen vien T6ng s6 lirgng rac thai tinh theo pound:
S6 tui rac tha:
Kit qua quan sat:
Hirang din triln khai chirang trinh qu6c tl v! vung nirac khong rac thai | 29
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nep Q
National Environment
and Planning Agency
Peace Corps
CHUQNG TRlNH LAM VIEC CUA CHUQNG TRlNH
VUNG NUQC KHONG RAC THAI CUA JAMAICA
14-16 thang 2 nam 2017 • Kingston, Jamaica
Dja di§m: Bo Cong nghiep, Thirang mai, Nong nghiep va Thuy san
Muc tieu cua hoi thao: Bilu chinh va tang CLrang cac n§ lyc dang diln ra a Jamaica nhlm ngan chan va
giam thilu rac thai biln thong qua viec cai thien cong tac quan ly chit thai rin va phat triln mot chiln lipgc
ting hgp d! cac ben lien quan tham gia phan anh cac vin dl va giai phap lfu tien, d6ng thai xac djnh cac
dy an diln hinh co chi phi thlp co tilm nang cao dl cho thiy tac dong tich clfc din cac cong ding.
CHIPCNG TRlNH LAM VIEC
Dieu phoi vien: Shereen Kandil, Co quan Bao ve Moi trwang Hoa Ky
ngAyi
8:30 - 9:00 sang Co mat va dang ky
9:00 - 9:30 sang Chao mu'ng va giai thieu
NEPA - Peter Knight, CEO
Chwong trinh moi trwang Caribe cua Co quan Quan iy Bao ve Moi trwang LHQ - Chris Corbin, Giam doc
chwong trinh
To chwc Hoa Binh Hoa Ky - Paul Sully Giam doc quoc gia
9:30 - 10:00 sang Nhung vin d§ cin giai quyit trong budi hoi thao va noi quy co' ban
Dieu phoi vien: Shereen Kandil
Muc dich va nhCrng vln dl din giai quylt trong buli hoi thao cung nhir cac n§ Ilfc vl chinh sach qulc gia
va toan clu vl rac thai biln, EPA Hoa Ky, Cc quan Quan ly Bao ve Moi trirang Lien Hop Qulc va quan he
dli tac PC vl Vung nipac khong rac thai. Giai thieu nhanh vl nhCrng ngirai tham gia. Kit thuc phln giai
thieu blng (cac) doan video.
10:00 - 10:45 sang Cau chuyen v§ vung nipac khong rac thai
Dien gia: Stephanie Adrian, Co quan Bao ve Moi trwang Hoa Ky
Chirang trinh Vung nirac khong rac thai la gi va chirang trinh do diln ra nhir thl nao? Dira ra cac vi du
vl thanh cong va nhCrng kho khan ma cac dy an a Hoa Ky va Jamaica gap phai va mot si n§ Ilfc hien tai
nhlm giam thilu va ngan chan rac thai biln, vi du nhLF chiln djch Nuh Dutty Up, video vl cac dy an tai dja
phLFang, cac dy an quan ly chit thai rin dya vao cong ding cua T6 chijc Hoa Binh Hoa Ky.
&EPA
Unitsd State*
Envlronmantal Protect lor
Agancv
10:45-11:00 sang
Nghi giai lao
Hifang din triln khai chirong trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 30
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I
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CHUQNG TRlNH LAM VIEC CUA CHUQNG TRlNH
VUNG NUQC KHONG RAC THAI CUA JAMAICA
(Tilp theo)
11:00 — 12:30 tru'a Cau chuyen cua Jamaica
Dieu phoi vien: Shereen Kandil
Trinh bay torn tit vl cac chipong trinh va chinh sach hien co a Jamaica vl ngan chan va giam thilu rac
thai biln. Slf dung ma tran dipgc phat triln tip nhu'ng thong tin do cac ben lien quan gCri tripccc. Nhu'ng
ngirai tham gia se dipgc cung clp mot mlu tripccc cuoc hop dl cho phep hp chia se cac vi du vl nhu'ng
n§ Ilfc khong ngirng ma ngirai t6 chirc co thl slf dung dl trinh bay trong phien hop nay. Danh sach nay
khong nhlt thilt phai dly du nhirng din lam n6i bat nhCrng dilm ma cac t6 chirc dang slf dung ngu6n Ilfc
cua hp. Dilu nay se h§ trg cho mot bai tap a phln sau.
12:30 - 2:00 chiiu Nghi an tru'a
2:30 - 4:30 chiiu World Cafe [PhifO'ng phap tao cuoc thao luan v§ nhu'ng nd lu'c khong
ngCeng, nhu'ng kho khan va co1 hoi ti§m nang]
Dieu phoi vien: Shereen Kandil
Phien hop nay se rut ra cho cac ben lien quan mot s6 vin dl chinh dang tin tai a Jamaica lien quan din
vin dl ngan chan rac thai biln va nhCrng kho khan ma hp gap phai dang khiln hp khong thl dat dLFgc
nhilu bLFac tiln nhLF mong muln. Cac ben lien quan se xac djnh nhu'ng kho khan va thilu sot trong cong
tac quan ly chit thai rin khiln hp khong thl dat dLFgc bLrac tiln. Cac nhom se c6 ging thao luan xem
nhu'ng tra ngai nao co thl VLFat qua blng each hop tac cung nhau va nhCrng tra ngai cln dlu tLF tai chinh
Ian han hoac slf tham gia cua dang phai chinh trj. Cac nhom se bao cao sau World Cafe.
4:30 - 5:00 chiiu Tdng kit va giai thieu v§ nhu'ng vin d§ cin thao luan trong Ngay 2
Dieu phoi vien: Shereen Kandil
NGAY 2
9:00 - 9:30 sang Tom tit noi dung thao luan cua Ngay 1: Tao ti§n d§ d§ xac djnh cac nd
lu'c hap tac trong khudn khd chu'O'ng trinh TFW
Dieu phoi vien: Shereen Kandil
9:30-10:00 sang Sang ki§n quan ly rac thai nhira cua Co1 quan Quan ly Bao ve Moi tru'6'ng
LHQ tai Jamaica
Dien gia: Vincent Sweeny
Kl hoach cua Cc quan Quan ly Bao ve Moi tarong LHQ cho Sang kiln quan ly rac thai nhya tai Jamaica
va each chLFcng trinh Vung nLrac khong rac thai co thl bl sung cho n§ Ilfc do.
10:00 - 10:30 sang Nghi giai lao
10:30 - 12:30 tru'a Cac y tu'6'ng giup giam thiiu va ngan chan rac thai bi§n til' khip no'i tren
th§ gio'i
Diln gia: Andrew Horan
Bai thuylt trinh vl cac dy an, giai phap sang tao, LFng dung, cong nghe va n§ Ilfc cua cong ding tLF khip
nci tren thl giai la nhCrng vi du vl nh&ng n§ Ilfc cong nghe thip, chi phi thlp dl giam thilu va ngan chan
cac nguln rac thai tCr dit liln.
Hifang din triln khai chifang trinh qu6c ti vl vung nirac khong rac thai | 31
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CHUQNG TRlNH LAM VIEC CUA CHUQNG TRlNH
VUNG NUQC KHONG RAC THAI CUA JAMAICA
(Tiep theo)
12:30-2:00 chieu
Nghi an trifa
2:00 - 5:00 chieu Chia nhom thao luan: Phac thao du' an va u'u tien tai tro' [Bao gom gio'
nghi gifra gio' lam viec]
Dien gia: Chris Corbin/Stephanie Adrian
NGAY3
9:00 - 11:00 sang Trinh bay v§ cac du' an phac thao cudi cung va vin d§ u'u tien [bao gdm
ca gio' nghi gifpa gio' lam viec]
Dieu phoi vien: Shereen Kandil
11:00 sang - 12:00 tripa Do danh gia ti§n do
Dien gia: Anthony Mackenzie
Xac djnh muc tieu/chi tieu va each danh gia. Thao luan vl dCr lieu ca so\ Ca hoi d! thao luan vl chiln
lipgc dai han cho chirang trinh TFW co thl thong bao cho mot uy ban dilu ph6i vln dl rac thai biln rong
han. Vai tro va trach nhiem cua tit ca cac ben lien quan. Tim nhin 5 nam cua chung toi.
12:00-12:30 tru>a
Dien gia: Chris Corbin
Nang cao tarn nhin ve van de rac thai bien trong khu vyc thong qua
Cong u'O'c Cartagena va Nghj djnh thu' v§ cac ngudn rac thai tCc dit
li§n - chi djnh Jamaica lam qudc gia lanh dao trong khu virc va qudc gia
phu trach chirong trinh TFW
12:30-1:00 chieu Tong ket va giai thieu cac bu'O'c tiep theo
Dieu phoi vien: Shereen Kandil
1:00 - 2:00 chieu
Nghi an tnpa
2:00 - 4:30 chieu
Chuyen tham quan thirc te den mot ccf s& tai che
4:30 chieu
Ket thuc cuoc hpp
Hifang din triln khai chifang trinh qu6c t§ vl vung nifac khong rac thai | 32
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THU MQI THAM GIA CHUQNG TRlNH VUNG
NUQC KHONG RAC THAI
l United Nations Environment Programme
<¦'._> ! II ^ L i 'i nil ^aVI ! ' I If' I'™ l|l V. ['l'
PROGRAMME DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT • PROGRAMADE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL MEDIO AMBIENTE
nPOrPAMMA OPrAHM3AUHH OE"bEAMHEHHblX HAL|HM nO OKPYXAIOWEpi CPEflE
Programs Ambiental del Caribe
Unidad de Coordinacion Regional
Caribbean Environment Programme
Regional Co-ordinating Unit
Programme pour I'Environnement des
Caraibes/ Unite de Coordination Regionale
14-20 Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica • Tel: (876) 922-9267 to 9 • Fax: (876) 922-9292
E-mail: rcu@cep.unep.ora • Web: http://www.cep.unep.ora/
Ref. CJC//dhh 15 July 2016
Dear Colleagues,
On behalf of the United Nations Environment Program Caribbean Regional Coordinating
Unit (CAR/RCU) and the Caribbean Sub-Regional Office, Peace Corps and the US
Environmental Protection Agency, we would like to thank you all for meeting with us to introduce
the new Trash Free Waters Initiative and to share with us your efforts to address solid waste
and marine litter in Jamaica. As you know, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs Arnold
Nicholson, gave his commitment to Trash Free Waters at the Our Ocean Conference in Chile in
2015. We know there are many efforts already underway to address this issue and we welcome
your participation and enthusiasm in joining this initiative and we hope it can serve a useful
purpose in helping coordinate and strengthen stakeholder efforts while bringing additional
resources to the table.
During our meetings in June, we listened to many stakeholders involved in addressing
marine litter through improving solid waste management, and conservation and outreach, and
learned a great deal about your experiences in Jamaica. We appreciated learning about
ongoing and proposed activities, as well as challenges and opportunities that exist.
We propose to officially launch Trash Free Waters on Thursday, August 18, during a
kick-off ceremony that will publically confirm Jamaica's commitment to this joint effort. High level
officials from NEPA, the National Solid Waste Management Authority (NSWMA), Ministry of
Economic Growth and Job Creation, and all of your respective organizations will be invited to
lend their support to Trash Free Waters Jamaica and help in introducing it to the public as an
initiative that will help reduce and prevent marine litter in Jamaica. It will also help profile
ongoing and new commitments the Government of Jamaica is taking to address this issue.
In advance of the launch of Trash Free Waters Jamaica, we would like to suggest
announcing the formation of a Trash Free Waters Steering Committee that would drive the
efforts under this initiative. Initially, we would propose that two national agencies/organizations
co-chair this committee based on existing mandate and related activities. If your organization is
interested in serving in this role, please let us know.
®>UNEA<3
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THU MQI THAM GIA CHUQNG TRINH VUNG
NUQC KHONG RAC THAI (Tilp theo)
2
Following the official launch this August, our Partnership will host a public participation
workshop on marine litter involving key stakeholders from government and non-government
sectors, including your organizations. The workshop will help prioritize needs and identify pilot
projects that will address marine litter in Jamaica at the local community level.
We look forward to launching Trash Free Waters Jamaica and helping you to achieve
the marine litter goals that keep Jamaica beautiful.
Sincerely,
(
AMEP Programme Officer
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THUC DAY VA TAl TRQ CHO CAC HOAT 0QNG
CUA CHUGNG TRlNH TFW CUA SJBEP
An Overview of the San Juan Bay National Estuary Program's
Trash Free Waters Activities
Background
The San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE) is located on the north end of
Puerto Rico (PR) and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. PR is a
Caribbean island under US jurisdiction. The SJBE was
designated an estuary of national importance in 1993 and is
one of 28 estuaries in the US comprising the Environmental
PROJECT HIGHLIGHT
• Initial funding- $35k
• Leveraged funding - $545k plus
• Partners- Federal, local governments,
private corporations, PRRP, NGOs &
volunteers
• Key activities- stormwater pilot project,
cigarette butt and plastic bag litter
prevention, microplastics citizen science
pilot project, public outreach and
education (video, exhibition, guides),
media and public campaigns, cleanups
Protection Agency's (EPA)
National Estuary Program
(NEP). The SJBE has the
distinction of being NEP's
sole estuary located
outside the continental
US and is also the only
tropical estuary. An
estuary is a body of water
where the river meets the
sea.
The SJBE watershed
includes eight
municipalities within the
San Juan metropolitan
area. Per the 2010 US Census, this watershed is home to 2.48 million people; more than half of
Puerto Rico's population of reside mainly in the San Juan Metropolitan area. In October 2000,
the Governor of PR and EPA Administrator Carol Browner approved the Comprehensive
Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP) for the SJBE. The CCMP contains actions to
address water quality and living resource challenges and priorities of a given NEP. Each NEP
develops and implements a long-term CCMP based on local priorities to guide the NEP efforts.
Every year the San Juan Bay Estuary Program (SJBEP) receives EPA funding from the Clean
Water Act Section 320 to implement activities that align with the CCMP.
During summer 2014, the SJBEP integrated EPA's Trash Free Water (TFW) initiative into their
overall implementation activities to prevent and reduce the amount of trash and litter entering
watersheds and the marine environment. On September 9, 2014, the SJBEP coordinated a
multi-sectorial meeting with participation from EPA, the United Nations Environment Program-
North America (UNEP), the PR Recycling Partnership, as well as the private sector through the
PR Chamber of Commerce, PR government agencies, and other interested non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) to assess the aquatic trash problem in the area (including priority needs
and barriers), and actions to tackle this problem. As a result of this stakeholder meeting, the
SJBEP took the lead to draft the TFW PR Strategy and Projects, a document that was finalized in
August 2016
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THUG DAY VA HO TRQ TAl CHINH CHO CAC
HOAT DONG CUA CHUQNG TRINH TFW CUA
SJBEP (Tigp theo)
December 2014 and identified actions and projects that could prevent or even eliminate the
volume of aquatic trash and litter entering the watershed and the marine environment.
In January 2015, the SJBEP began implementation of the TFW through projects undertaken
throughout the watershed. The SJBEP Executive Director, Dr. Javier E. Laureano, is also co-chair
the PR Recycling Partnership's (PRRP) Trash Free Waters Committee.
SJBEP TFW Activities
In October 2014, the SJBEP hired a
TFW coordinator to recruit
volunteers, plan, organize, and
implement TFW-related activities.
From that point, SJBEP has
championed some projects identified
in the TFW PR Strategy, as well as
developed and implemented
additional key projects to support
TFW activities:
fBPS \ V : JS
Corporate partners have been an
important part in the
implementation of the SJBEP TFW
activities. Banana Boat,
MillerCoors, Walmart, and Dasani
have all partnered and funded
targeted cleanups within the SJBE
watershed. Not only do these
cleanups provide stakeholders and
volunteers with an experience that
galvanizes the need for the TFW
August 2016
public service campaign in the
mass media,
educational posters for
schools and businesses,
stormwater pollution prevention pilot project in the Condado Lagoon,
TFW educational exhibit and video,
workshops and multi-sectorial meetings,
cigarette butt and plastic bag litter prevention project in Old San Juan city,
a citizen guide to improve the water quality of the San Juan Bay Estuary,
creation of an arts and design center to reuse materials,
coastal and watershed-based cleanups and inventories, and
study and strategy to decrease microplastics in the watershed.
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THUC dAy vA ho trq tAi chinh cho cAc
HOAT DONG CUA CHUQNG TRlNH TFW CUA
SJBEP (Tilp theo)
initiative in the SJBE watershed, it also allows for the data collection of the trash and litter
picked up and disposed of.
On April 29, 2015, the SJBEP partnered with the San Juan International Airport to launch a
recycling program with a goal to recover 500 tons of recyclable material of the 1,500 tons of
total waste produced each month. The SJBEP also coordinated with the airport to develop and
display an educational exhibit showcasing the TFW message at various locations throughout the
airport.
Leveraging and Funding SJBEP TFW Activities
During the first year that SJBEP initiated and implemented TFW activities a $35,000 budget was
provided entirely by EPA's CWA Section 320 program. Of this, 70% of the budget supported the
newly appointed TFW coordinator's salary. In addition to the TFW coordinator, the SJBEP hired
and funded the stipend for an AmeriCorps VISTA volunteer in FY 16. This additional hire will
allow for continued TFW coordination in conjunction with the SJBEP staff, partners, and
volunteers.
An additional funding and leverage opportunity was provided by the Corporation for the
National Community Services (CNCS) to support additional AmeriCorps VISTA volunteers.
Because the majority of the SJBE watershed is considered an environmental justice community,
the SJBEP is eligible to participate in the AmeriCorps VISTA program. Under this program, each
AmeriCorps volunteer receives a stipend of $15,000 per year. CNCS has provided the funds to
cover the stipends for ten AmeriCorps VISTA volunteers to work on TFW-related activities since
2014.
- Partners
The SJBEP has also successfully partnered with several organizations and government agencies
to leverage the TFW Initiative budget.
Government Partners
Corporation for the National Community Services
Martin Pena Enlace Project (community-based)
NOAA- Marine Debris Program
PR Aqueduct and Sewer Authority
PR Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
PR Environmental Quality Board
San Juan Autonomous Municipality
Sea Grant
The Cantera Peninsula Integral Development Company
(community-based)
UNEP Regional Office for North America (RONA)
University of Puerto Rico
Private and NGO Partners
Banana Boat-Energizer
Crowley Maritime Corporation
Dasani
El Nuevo Dia Newspaper
GFR Media
MillerCoors
PR Contemporary Art Museum
PR Recycling Partnership's TFW Committee
Scuba Dogs Society (International Coastal Cleanup)
SJBEP volunteers
Vieques History and Conservation Trust
Walmart
Yaguazo Corridor (wetland community-based NGO)
August 2016
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THUG dAy vA ho trq tAi chinh cho cAc
HOAT B0NG CUA CHUQNG TRINH TFW CUA
SJBEP (Tigp theo)
Of particular note is the Banana Boat donation of $5,000 and the coordinated media tour they
executed during the month of April 2015 to raise public awareness concerning the SJBEP TFW
activities. As a result of Banana Boat's collaboration, the SJBEP was given coverage in
newspapers, radio, and TV, in addition to a special, in-depth, full-color, four page article in the
main island
newspaper, El Nuevo
Dia (an estimated
value of $40,000 in
free press for the
article). MillerCoors
joined the SJBEP TFW
efforts with a
donation of $5,000
and coordinated a
cleanup, monitoring,
and a red mangrove-
planting event in La
Esperanza Peninsula
in the San Juan Bay.
SJBEP TFW Progress
Since October 2014, when the first TFW coordinator joined SJBEP, the estuary program was
able to complete a total of 63 TFW activities as part of their workplan, including:
• IS cleanups (2 underwater and 16 land-based at 8 different sites with a total of 516
volunteers)
• 30 talks,
• 8 workshops,
• 15 solid waste stormwater
monitoring activities,
• one survey,
• cleanups,
• recycling program,
• plastic bag ban outreach
• educational materials,
• media campaign, and
• one marine litter educational
exhibition.
Cleanups
All cleanups included educational talks that explained the SJBEP TFW initiative and the
importance of preventing trash and litter from reaching our waterbodies. As a result of these
cleanups, a total of 20,839 items, with an additional 23,001 cigarette butts, were collected and
August 2016 4
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THUG dAy vA ho trq tAi chinh cho cAc
HOAT B0NG CUA CHUQNG TRINH TFW CUA
SJBEP (Tigp theo)
properly disposed of; nearly 2 tons of the waste collected will not become marine litter in the
SJBE.
Workshops
The eight workshops were led by 10 trained SJBEP TFW spokespersons that completed 30 talks
during the year. These talks were presented to school children in the Condado Lagoon area and
various summer camps.
Educational Exhibition- The SJBEP TFW initiative developed a marine litter educational
exhibition that included displays trash collected during underwater cleanups. These illustrative
displays were first presented to the public during the World Environment Day activity held at
the Plaza de Armas in Old San Juan. The exhibition consisted of multiple 4' x 2' acrylic display
boxes that showcased various
examples of trash collected from
the marine environment. The
exhibition received a lot of media
coverage, and over 500 children
and adults visited the installation
during the first 4 hours. The
SJBEP TFW exhibition has been
displayed at other locations
within the SJBE watershed. The
main objective of these displays
is to present the real perspective
of marine litter and its
consequences in the ecosystems.
Another achievement of the SJBEP TFW initiative was the launch of the San Juan Municipality
recycling program in Old San Juan. The municipality invested $250,000 in the project with an
overall goal to recover and recycle nearly 60% of the estimated 28,000 lbs of waste generated
in the city per day.
SJBEP TFW Media Campaign
Since 2014 the SJBEP has maintained a
media presence with features in TV
interviews, radio programs, and the
print media. In addition, the SJBEP
has developed a series TFW of public
service announcements. Over
$100,000 in free ads placement have
appeared in the island's main
newspapers.
~ m *9 015/9:23
Proyecto Aguas Libres de Basura
Implementando soluciones
Trash Free Waters Project
Implementing solutions
Kshianol^
i-it,i,.,,i — hi ...
The AmeriCorps VISTA program has
also provided critical communication support to the TFW activities through photo
August 2016
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THUG dAy vA ho trq tAi chinh cho cAc
HOAT B0NG CUA CHUQNG TRINH TFW CUA
SJBEP (Tigp theo)
documentation and SJBEP's TFW video that have been used and/or published in SJBEP
publications, the Web, YouTube and social media. The AmeriCorps VISTA volunteers (VISTAs)
also have been involved in the graphic design of guides, documents, educational videos and
posters, flyers, and other outreach materials needed to support the SJBEP's TFW activities.
Additionally, several of the SJBEP TFW activities have been highlighted in the SJBEP director's
blog.
Educational Materials
Currently, the SJBEP is in the process of creating an interactive map using data gathered by
VISTAs and SJBEP volunteers during clean up events to identify sites where the most cigarettes
butts have been collected. They also
are preparing other maps within the
SJBE watershed to identify trash
hotspots. These maps are used as
educational materials during events
such as field trips with students and
meetings with citizens. The maps will
be completed by the end of fiscal year
16.
Coda dia Megan miles de colillas de
i cigarrillos o nueslras ployas y carreteros.
ijnffip
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esiuokiorg
La verdad construye
Plastic Bag Ban Outreach
On October 31, 2015, the Governor of
.. 1 r " " ¦¦ —Puerto Rico signed an Executive Order
to ban plastic bags. The legislature then passed a bill that the Governor signed into law (247-
2015) on December 29, 2015. The ban took effect in mid-2016 and was preceded by a six-
month educational campaign. To that effect the Municipality of San Juan began the process of
the implementation of the law by reaching out to different organizations. The SJBEP provides
education and outreach regarding the implementation of the law to businesses and general
public in Old San Juan and other adjacent areas.
August 2016
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DIEU KHOAN THAM CHIEU CUA UY BAN VE VUNG
NUQC KHONG RAC THAI
1. Muc di'ch
Rac thai biln la mot vln dl nghiem trong a Jamaica va rac thai tich tu tren cac bai biln, dirang ba biln va
he sinh thai biln cua hon dao. Mac du nhilu loai vat lieu tao thanh rac thai biln, nhimg phln Ian la a dang
nhira, tin tai trong moi trirang biln hang tram nam. Theo thai gian, do phai nlng lau ngay va cac phan
irng vat ly va hoa hoc khac, nhira bj biln chit thanh nhilu manh nho, co thl dl dang lln vao thirc an, do
do gay ra cac m6i de doa d6i vai sinh vat biln, ran san ho, he sinh thai ven biln va sire khoe con ngirai.
Chinh phu Jamaica, thong qua Bo Phat triln Kinh tl va Tao viec lam (MEGJC) va Ca quan Moi trirang va
Kl hoach Qulc gia (NEPA), ding thai phli hap vai Chirang trinh Moi trirang Lien Hap Qulc (UNEP), Van
phong Tilu vung Caribe (CSRO), Dan vj Dilu phli Khu virc Caribe (CAR/RCU) cua UNEP, Tl chirc Hoa
Binh Hoa Ky va Ca quan Bao ve Moi trirang Hoa Ky (EPA) dang quan ly mli quan he dli tac nhlm h§ trg
cac bien phap giam thilu cac nguln thai co nguln glc tip dit liln bao glm ca rac thai nhya xam nhap vao
moi trirang biln cua Jamaica. Mli quan he dli tac nay thuoc Sang kiln vung nirac khong rac thai dirge
khai dong vao thang 8 nam 2016.
Uy ban vl vung nirac khong rac thai (TFWC) se giam sat viec thirc hien cac dir an va cac hoat dong co
lien quan va h§ trg cac n§ lire clp qulc gia khac nhlm giam thilu cac nguln thai co nguln glc tir dlt liln,
dac biet la tir chit thai rin. TFWC la mot nhom glm nhilu ben lien quan se hi trg nl lire dip qulc gia lien
quan din cong tac quan ly rac thai nhira.
2. Chii'c nang
Trach nhiem cua TFWC bao glm, nhirng khong nhlt thilt giai han a nhCrng trach nhiem sau:
a. Dilu phli va giam sat tiln do thirc hien cac dir an Vung nirac khong rac thai co hieu qua;
b. Xem xet thong tin cap nhat do cac ca quan tirang irng cung clp vl cac mli quan he dli tac/thoa
thuan hgp tac dang diln ra giCra cac ben lien quan;
c. Xac djnh cac ca hoi hgp tac vai cac chirang trinh, dir an va hoat dong quan ly chit thai rin khac,
dac biet la a clp cong ding;
d. Tan dung cac nguln hi trg tai chinh va/hoac ky thuat cho cac dir an cong ding bao glm viec nhan
rong va ma rong cac nl lire dang thirc hien;
e. Chia se cac quy trinh kilu mlu va kinh nghiem quan ly chit thai rin va chinh sach da dirge chirng
minh la co thl ngan chan va giam thilu rac thai biln hieu qua.
3. Thanh phdn
PAC se bao glm cac ca quan chinh phu, cac dli tac phat triln va cac tl chirc phi chinh phu co lien quan
trirc tilp din cong tac quan ly chit thai a clp dja ph^ang va qulc gia. Thanh vien cua TFWC se bao glm
cac dai dien tir cac ca quan va tl chirc dirge Net ke dirai day:
Bo Phat then Kinh te va Tao viec lam
Bo Phat triln Chinh quyln Dja phirang va Cong ding
Bo Y tl, Bo Du Ijch
NSWMA
NEPA
Ca quan Hang hai Jamaica
UNEP
> Cac doi tac tai che cua Jamaica
> Sandals Foundation
- WISYNCO Group
> Jamaica Environment Trust
- UWI-Mona
> Tl chirc Hoa Binh Hoa Ky
'Alligator Head Foundation
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"0
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I-
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o
DIEU KHOAN THAM CHIEU CUA UY BAN VE VUNG
NUQC KHONG RAC THAI (Tilp theo)
4. Cong viec cua Uy ban
Cac dai dien tip cac t6 chirc hoac ca nhan khac doi khi co thl dipgc mai tham dy cac cuoc hop hoac cung
dipgc chon tham gia chipong trinh TFWC hoac h§ trg cong viec cua chircng trinh nlu cln, nhir thong qua
cac nhom lam viec cua chuyen gia hoac cac tilu ban se tao dilu kien cho cac ben lien quan hop tac trong
viec phan loai cac chu dl co lien quan dac biet din nhiem vu cua TFWC. Sau khi thanh lap cac uy ban
hoac nhom lam viec, hp se hoat dong vai tip each la c6 vin cho TFWC va hoat dong vai mot h6 sc va Dilu
khoan tham chilu cu thl.
5. Ban thif ky
NEPA se cung clp djch vu h§ trg tip ban thip ky cho Uy ban va se chju trach nhiem lien lac va theo doi cac
hanh dong ma cac thanh vien TFWC thyc hien.
6. Quy trinh hpp
6.1 Tin suit hpp
TFWC se hpp hang quy.
6.2 S6 dai bi§u
Nam thanh vien cua Uy ban tao thanh s6 dai bilu din thilt.
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TRANG THONG TIN VE CHUQNG TRINH VUNG
NUQC KHONG RAC THAI
f/EPA
TRASH FREE WATERS INTERNATIONAL
Trash Free Waters (TFW) International is a stakeholder-based approach to assist countries in addressing their land-based
sources of marine litter. The approach helps national and local governments, communities, NGOs, and the private sector
identify marine litter problems and prioritize interventions that are cost-effective, practical, and impactful. In Jamaica,
Panama and Peru, TFW provided practical steps to understand the marine litter issue holistically, specifically on how
waste is managed, which includes identifying gaps within a waste management system to inform action by stakeholders
and decision makers. TFW prepares a country to attract larger investments critical for establishing an environmentally
sound waste management system. EPA has advanced marine litter in internationalfora like theG7, G20 and the CEC
working closely with key NGO and private sector stakeholders including Ocean Conservancy, Alliance to End Plastic
Waste, Circulate Capital and American Chemistry Council.
THE GLOBAL MARINE LITTER PROBLEM
Every year, an estimated 11 to 28 billion pounds of plastic ends up in the ocean. Eighty-percent of these plastics come
from land-based sources. Globally, Asian countries represent the top six contributors (China, Indonesia, Philippines,
Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka)of plastics into the ocean. Marine litter is largely attributed to uncollected or mismanaged
waste, and nonexistent waste management infrastructure.
JAMAICA
Project: The project in Whitehouse-Bluefields community focused on
establishing a program for waste collection and separation. The project
accelerated community action through the establishment of collection sites,
which included the strategic placement ofwaste bins to improve recycling
and awareness.
Partners: United Nations Caribbean Environment Program; Sandals
Foundation; Peace Corps Jamaica
Funding: EPA-$25K; Sandals Foundation - $5K; Leveraged Funds:$700Kfor
a UN Environment Program multi-year plastics initiative
Metrics: 200 bins labelled and placed; 34 collection locations established; 20
outreach activities conducted
PANAMA
Project:The project in Panama Cityfocused on raising public awareness an<
installed trash capture booms on Juan Diaz River, where trash initially
collected from the booms was transferred to a local recycling center for
bailing/processing. The project also developed educationaltools for local
schools and community organizations on the impacts of marine litterand
plastics in the environment.
Partners: United Nations Environment Program; Ministry of Environment
Panama; ANCON (NGO)
Funding: EPA-$25K;
Metrics: 5 environmental education and outreach campaigns conducted in
schools; 2 commercial facilities trained in waste separation and recycling; 2
trash capture devices installed; 7 neighborhoods sensitized to project and
river booms
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TRANG THONG TIN VE CHITONG TRINH VUNG
NUQC KHONG RAC THAI (Ti§p theo)
PERU
Project: The project focused on job training in two communities
within the municipality of Chincha for informal waste pickers and
improved the connection between waste pickers and a regional
recycling facility. As part of the formalization effort, our partner,
Ciudad Saludable, implemented a source segregation and selective
collection program that was expanded and now includes
alliances with recycling associations. The project also identified litter
leakage hot spots for Chincha to help prioritize removal efforts.
Partners: Ministry of Environment Peru; U.S. Embassy Peru; lea
Regional Government; Ciudad Saludable (NGO); Coca-Cola
Funding: EPA-$75K; Leveraged Funds: Coca-Cola -$300K; USAID -
$300K used to construct an additional regional collection facility for
recyclable material
Metrics: 2 regional job trainings toformalize and register waste pickers; 16 hot spot sites identified, and a plan for
regularwaste removal
OUTREACH TO INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS
EPA has been working with priority countries and international partners to address marine litter by:
• Leveraging action done by private sector and NGO partners including the Alliance to End Plastic Waste and
the Ocean Conservancy, includingth rough providing technical assistance to Ocean Conservancy's Urban
Ocean initiative in pilot cities.
• Leveraging Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Projects through the Working Group on Marine Debris
and through participation in APEC workshops to provide trainings on the TFW model.
• Working with multilateral development banks, including the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank to
address marine litter in developing countries in Asia.
• Working trilaterallythrough ongoing Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) marine litter projects
in shared border watersheds with Canada and Mexico.
• Seeking opportunities for TFW Internationalexpansion under U.S. Free Trade Agreements, including in
Central Americanand the Caribbean.
• Meeting bilaterally with priority countries in Asia at the G20 Environmental Ministerial Meeting to discuss
collaboration on regional marine litter issues.
Administrator Wheeler meets bi-laterally with Vietnam's
Deputy Minister for the Environment LE Cong Thanh
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T!
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o
THU TIN TLfC VE CHLTQNG TRINH VUNG NUQC
KHONG RAC THAI TRONG NUQC CUA EPA
HOA KY
oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA-842-N-20-001
May 2020
THE FLOW OF... TRASH FREE WATERS
HOW'S IT FLOWING?
Philadelphia "Community Cans"
Ribbon Cutting Event 1
Trash Free Texas Adopt-a-Spot
Program Expands ,...2
Alaska Marine Debris Summit ...2
Trash Capture in the Proctor
Creek Watershed 3
Stormwater & Litter Workshop ...3
Update on Hayward Youth
Based Capture Expansion 4
New Story Map Highlighting
Marine Debris Clean Up in
Samish Traditional Territory 4
Salish Sea Hydrodynamic Model
for Microplastics Hotspots 5
Coastal Heartland NEP "Trash
Tackle" Cleanup Event 5
Schuylkill CleanSweep App 6
The Rapids: News Drops 6
Administrator Wheeler Discusses Marine Litter During Visit to Brazil
INSIDE THIS ISSUE
Administrator Wheeler
Discusses Marine Litter During
Visit to Brazil 1
In February, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) Admin-
istrator Andrew Wheeler became
the first Administrator to visit the
Amazon. He participated in a
variety of events in Manaus,
Brazil to increase awareness
around recycling and projects
that address marine litter.
"Building partnerships to reduce
marine litter is one of my
priorities. EPA looks forward to
developing collaboration with
Brazil to reduce marine litter
through the sharing of informa-
tion and best practices," said
Administrator Wheeler.
Among other activities, Adminis-
trator Wheeler met with Minister
of the Environment Ricardo
Salles and Amazonas State
Governor Wilson Miranda Lima to
discuss shared environmental
challenges including marine litter.
He joined them to witness the
Administrator Wheeler, Minister Salles, Governor Lima, and
Congressman Ramos participate in a beach cleanup event.
signature of a Brazilian decree to
implement a national agenda on
urban environmental quality, in
partnership with the Amazonas
state government. This program
promotes stakeholder engage-
ment to reduce the volume of
plastic waste transported by the
rivers to the oceans.
Following the signing, Adminis-
trator Wheeler volunteered with
other dignitaries and community
members to clean up trash at
Ponta das Lajes beach.
This newsletter is intended to
provide the latest information
to all of our Trash Free Waters
(TFW) partners and friends.
The Flow...of Trash Free
Waters is our opportunity to
highlight recent successes, as
well as shine a spotlight on
news and other related items.
It is produced by the U.S.
Environmental Protection
Agency, with support from lEc.
Mention of commercial
products, publications, or Web
sites in this newsletter does
not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use by
EPA, and shall not be used for
advertising or product
endorsement purposes.
Philadelphia "Community Cans" Ribbon Cutting Event
On December 12th, 2019, a
ribbon cutting press event was
held in recognition of the ongoing
Philadelphia Community Cans
project. Community Cans is a
public-private partnership
program through which the City
of Philadelphia partners with
community organizations,
commercial corridor managers,
and businesses to increase public
trash can coverage along
Philadelphia commercial
corridors. Community partners
take responsibility for maintaining
the cans, which are strategically
(continued on p.2) Tiden Middle School students painting can lids for Southwest Philly.
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THE FLOW OF...TRASH FREE WATERS
Trash Free Texas Adopt-a-Spot Program Expands
MAY 2020 - ISSUE 13
(continued from p. 1)
placed to improve litter condi-
tions along each specific
corridor. The City consults with
each participating group to
determine the best location for
each Community Can, us-
ing Citv-wide Litter Index data
along with maps of existing
trash can locations to place the
Community Cans to most
effectively reduce litter and
illegal dumping.
The initiative was adopted
under Clean PHLs Zero Waste
and Litter Cabinet, which is
working towards the ambitious
city-wide goal of becoming zero
waste and litter-free by 2035.
The Partnership for the
Delaware Estuary, the Philadel-
phia Water Department, and
Mural Arts Philadelphia are
additional partners. This project
was supported by a 2018 EPA
grant. Read more about this
initiative at: https://www.metro.
us/news/local-news/philadel-
phia/trash-can-painted-art-in-
stalled-southwest-phillv-junia-
ta-park and https://cleanphl.
org/portfolio-item/2018pro-
gressreport/.
Photo courtesy of the
Partnership for the Delaware
Estuary.
The Trash Free Texas (TFTx)
Adopt-A-Spot site and online
mapping tool works to foster
a litter-free environment in
Texas watersheds and track
trash removal activities by
connecting volunteers to
litter cleanup opportuni-
ties. Locations from Waco,
Texas have just been added
to the Trash Free Texas
network thanks to ongoing
engagement with regional
stakeholders and partners
including affiliate chapters
of Keep Texas Beautiful,
the Texas Department of
Transportation, the North
Central Texas Council of
Governments, and more.
On February 14th, 2020 the
EPA Alaska Operations Office
hosted a Marine Debris
Summit, "Leveraging our
Collective Efforts, Identifying
Needs, and Moving Forward,"
to complement the Alaska
Forum on the Environment
hosted by the National
Oceanographic and Atmo-
spheric Administration
(NOAA). The Summit
attendees included other
federal agency partners (e.g.,
NOAA, US Department of
Agriculture, National Park
Service), tribal representa-
tives, local and state
government representatives,
academics, NGO partners,
and representatives from
Senator Sullivan's office.
The morning sessions
characterized marine debris
in Alaska and discussed
New communities are coming
on board each month as the
initiative expands across the
state. The TFTx team is
currently developing a Commu-
nications and Outreach Strategy
for the program to help enhance
reach and solidify brand and
messaging. This strategy will be
complemented by new out-
reach material explaining the
responsibilities of joining as a
coordinator and helpful
resources to get started. Learn
more at: https://www.trashfree-
texas.org/volunteer.
In addition, on April 15,2020,
TFTx Champions from the City
of Fort Worth, Keep Texas
microplastics in the Arctic. The
afternoon session, led by EPA
Region 10, focused on marine
debris disposal. A special
emphasis of the meeting was
on best practices, successes,
challenges, needs, and case
study lessons learned regarding
the nexus of waste disposal
and marine debris. Summit
sessions worked to: 1) Charac-
terize marine debris issues
onshore/nearshore, reporting,
and points of contact, 2)
Discuss microplastics in the
Arctic, 3) Cover marine debris
disposal in Alaska through case
studies and a discussion panel,
4) Identify action plan inputs,
and 5) Discuss next steps.
The session on characterizing
marine debris and reporting
highlighted impediments to
disposal and solutions to
address these issues. Cost, lack
TRASH
FREE
TEXAS
Beautiful, and the host, Texas
State University, held a webinar
in which they explained the
history, use and evolution of
this important tool. Look for the
archived webinar at: https://
www.epa.aov/trash-free-wa-
ters/trash-free-waters-webi-
nar-series.
of transportation infrastructure,
inaccessibility of shoreline,
volume and weight of debris,
contaminants/hazardous
waste, and a large geographic
area are all potential barriers to
more efficient marine debris
cleanups. Prevention efforts
such as recycling education,
reduced plastic consumption,
and improved infrastructure for
disposal of old fishing nets and
gear were identified as strate-
gies to reduce the impact of
marine debris in the region.
Clean up protocol training and
assistance in navigating
funding opportunities were
identified as community needs
moving forward.
—Layne Marshall,
EPA ORISE participant,
Marshall.Layne@epa.gov
Alaska Marine Debris Summit
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THE FLOW OF...TRASH FREE WATERS MAY 2020 - ISSUE 13
Trash Capture in the Proctor Creek
Watershed
Trash capture in the Proctor
Creek watershed serves as an
example of interagency
collaboration and private sector
engagement to advance clean,
trash-free communities. The
Proctor Creek Urban Waters
Federal Partnership ambassa-
dor and the Region 4Trash Free
Waters coordinator work
closely to leverage resources
and reach goals within the
community. Thanks in part to
their advocacy, Coca-Cola has
invested in the watershed to
enhance trash capture efforts
as part of their World Without
Waste campaign. Coca-Cola
has now funded two trash
capture projects in six locations
within the Proctor Creek
Watershed. One project is being
carried out in partnership with
the Chattahoochee RiverKeeper
and the other through the
National Recreation and Park
Association (NRPA) and City of
Atlanta. Various trash capture
devices such as litter gitters
have been installed both in the
main spine of Proctor Creek
and in several tributaries. They
are placed in accessible and
highly visible areas close to
elementary schools, greenways,
and pedestrian walking bridges
where people can view first-
hand the amount of in-stream
trash being collected.
Other aspects of the projects
include data collection using
the EPA's Escaped Trash
Assessment Protocol (ETAP)
tool, continued maintenance
training and workforce develop-
ment, and outreach and
education with schools and
adult learning centers. This
trash capture network is
considered a demonstration
project which can be used to
provide information for parties
domestically and abroad that
could be interested in planning
and designing a similar
Trash capture device in Proctor Creek, Atlanta.
system of traps to clean up
waterbodies.
The Proctor Creek UWFP is
currently discussing next steps
for the project after it officially
ends in December 2020.
Litter gitter technology has
greatly expanded since the first
test site in 2017. By the end of
March 2020, there will be a
projected 29 total active litter
gitter sites throughout the nation
including 6 in the Dog River
Watershed outside Mobile, AL
and 3 in the Mill Creek Water-
shed outside Cincinnati, OH.
—Chris Plymale,
USEPA Region 4,
Plvmale.chris@epa.gov
Stormwater & Litter Workshop
On February 10th, Clean Virginia
Waterways hosted the 2020
Stormwater and Litter Work-
shop in Ashland, VA. The goal
of the workshop was to help
stormwater and litter-prevention
professionals address urban
trash pollution and implement
strategies and engineered
solutions to intercept trash.
Topics included the connection
between stormwater and our
oceans, state legislative
solutions to reducing litter,
stormwater technology, using
MS4 permits to monitor and
control plastic pollution, and
reducing littering behavior
through community-based
social marketing. The second
half of the workshop included a
group discussion and exercise
to help direct future trash
interception efforts under the
Virginia Marine Debris Reduc-
tion Plan. The Clean Virginia
Waterways Stormwater & Litter
Workshop has now become an
annual event for professionals
to gain insight and training.
Visit http://www.longwood.edu/
cleanva/stormwater.html to
view the workshop presenta-
tions.
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MAY 2020 - ISSUE 13 THE FLOW OF...TRASH FREE WATERS
Update on Hayward Youth Based Capture Expansion
Under the San Francisco Bay Area storm-
water permit, Hayward is one of 76
municipalities responsible for achieving a
100% reduction in trash discharges into the
Bay by 2022. From 2015- 2019, the City of
Hayward installed three large trash capture
devices treating over 1,000 acres of the
city's watersheds, with the goal of prevent-
ing over 20,000 gallons of trash from
entering San Francisco Bay per year. EPA's
San Francisco Bay Water Quality Improve-
ment Fund provided the funding to support
this project. A fourth trash capture device
will be implemented this fall in another high
trash-generating area. The scope of this
project includes not only capturing trash,
but also characterizing and quantifying the
trash collected and implementing actions to
engage the public (specifically youth) to
prevent littering. Hayward is continuing to
implement a 1 st-through-12th grade trash
reduction curriculum in all schools during
the project period in partnership with public
and private schools and college interns.
High school curricula will include more
sophisticated aspects of trash reduction,
including trash capture design and attend-
ing trash capture device installation and/or
clean-outs. Learn more here.
New Story Map Highlighting Marine Debris Clean Up in Samish Traditional Territory
decided to survey the region for
marine debris before sending
out cleanup crews. They found
that over 325 creosote or
marine debris sites were
present within the San Juan
Islands and used imagery, GPS
coordinates, and size of debris
to expedite the process and
prioritize highly contaminated
shorelines. Pre-cleanup data
collection was used to make
informed decisions about
where to allocate resources for
efficient cleanup and removal
efforts. In 2019, the team
resurveyed the 2017 survey
area and found 141 fewer
contaminated sites.
The Samish DNR and its
partners plan to continue their
cleanup efforts this summer.
Restoring the Samish Territory
ensures the protection of the
Samish People's cultural identity
which is deeply connected to
the Salish Sea coastal environ-
ment. Check out the Creosote
Marine Debris Data Summary
Report Story Map here: https://
storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/
907423ba45d84895b769db1d
bd061502
A creosote piling being removed from Lopez Island, WA.
A GIS story map tool was
recently developed by the
Samish Indian Nation Depart-
ment of Natural Resources
(DNR) with support provided by
EPA Region 10. Over the past
six years, the Samish DNR
partnered with the Washington
Department of National
Resources, Washington
Conservation Corps, Veterans
Conservation Corps, and
EarthCorps to remove over
76,000 pounds of treated wood
and other marine debris
(equivalent to 18,000 gallons of
chemical creosote) from public
and private shorelines of Skagit
County, Island County, Southern
Whatcom County and the San
Juan Islands within the San
Juan Archipelago off the coast
of mainland Washington.
Projects highlighted in the story
map include removing creosote
treated wood and other debris
like plastic and Styrofoam that
washes onto beaches, lagoons,
and estuaries, as well as
removing derelict shoreline
structures.
The story map highlights which
shorelines were addressed
under the cleanup project each
year. In 2017, the Samish DNR
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MAY 2020 - ISSUE 13
Salish Sea Hydrodynamic Model for Microplastics Hotspots
In 2018, EPA hired the Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory (PNNL) to use their
Salish Sea Hydrodynamic Model to
examine transport and accumulation
patterns of waste plastics entering the
Salish Sea, the complex fjord system
shared by Washington State and British
Columbia. The southern part is frequently
referred to as Puget Sound. Coast Salish
people in the region use the term Salish Sea
for these waters, north and south, to
highlight their longstanding stewardship of
it and the cross-border interconnections.
The increasing level of escaped plastic
trash in the Pacific Northwest has been
identified as a significant concern to the
health of the Salish Sea marine ecosystem.
The Salish Sea Model (SSM) was developed
through a collaborative effort between
PNNL and state and federal agencies to
model water circulation and transport
throughout the Salish Sea watershed. The
2018 Trash Free Waters study sought to
answer four questions: 1) If microplastics
were uniformly entering the Salish Sea,
where would they accumulate? 2) How is
the micro plastic load from wastewater
treatment plants expected to travel in the
Salish Sea? 3) How great is the potential
for microplastics to accumulate in regions
where shellfish beds are located? and 4)
Where would macro trash (greater than
5 mm) accumulate if it was uniformly
entering the Salish Sea watershed?
When the questions were posed, the
uniform entry of microplastics seemed
unlikely, and the model run was proposed
to better understand comparative factors
between scenarios. Since the model run,
EPA has become aware of findings that
indicate that tire particle wear, a normal
part of tire use, may be releasing micro
plastics in what is indeed a broad scale
across the landscape and that storm water
is bringing those particles into waterways
such as the Salish Sea.
While the SSM is geographically specific,
there are similar hydrodynamic models in
other waterways. Using them for studies
like this help us all determine where to
focus our efforts. For more information on
the Salish Sea Model, visit https://sal-
ish-sea.pnnl.gov/SSM/projects/marine-pol-
lution/microplastic-transportstm.
y^r/*/2 Vancouver
Seattle
Portland
Newport
Salish Sea Model Domain (from website)
Coastal Heartland NEP "Trash Tackle" Cleanup Event
The Coastal & Heartland National Estuary
Partnership (CHNEP) held a 'Trash Tackle'
on Saturday, February 29th, in partnership
with Keep Charlotte Beautiful and to
celebrate #EmbracetheGulf2020 and
Great American Cleanup month. CHNEP
staff educated the 33 volunteers about
single use plastics and microplastics.
Volunteers and staff then picked up
marine debris out of the mangroves and
shoreline along Charlotte Harbor in Punta
Gorda, FL. This event was part of a
monthly volunteer event series that
CHNEP offers to educate and equip
citizens to protect and restore the natural
resources in their own communities.
Volunteers at the CHNEP cleanup event (photo courtesy of CHNEP)
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THE FLOW OF...TRASH FREE WATERS
Schuylkill CleanSweep App
The new and improved
Schuylkill CleanSweep App
(Streets and Walkways Educa-
tion and Enforcement Program)
is officially up and running.
CleanSweep is a free tool which
can be used to find and record
cleanup efforts, register
cleanup events and teams, and
report and adopt litter hotspots.
The expansion of the Clean-
Sweep App was designed to
help volunteer cleanup coordi-
nators document and record
team successes within the
watershed. The app is comple-
mented by a "Guidebook for
Leading Litter Cleanups."
Project sponsors include the
Schuylkill Action Network,
Partnership for the Delaware
Estuary, Schuylkill River
Greenways, and William Penn
Foundation. This litter data
collection system expansion
was supported by a 2018 EPA
Urban Waters grant. Metrics
and photos uploaded through
the app will also be displayed
on the Schuylkill CleanSweep
website here: https://schuylkill-
cleansweep.org/. This app will
serve to enhance the ongoing
work being done in the
Schuylkill watershed to connect
people, science, and nature
for a healthy Delaware River
and Bay.
Get the CleanSweep App & Manual!
KB
Record Your Clean Up Efforts
Schuylkill CleanSweep app and manual.
The Rapids: News Drops
NEWS
Gulf of Mexico Trash Free Waters Grant Program
On September 24th, 2019, EPA announced the availability of grant
funding for innovative projects focused on reducing the amount of
trash in our waterways through trash prevention and/or removal in
the Gulf of Mexico. Overall, EPA's Gulf of Mexico Division received
just over 40 grant applications. Final awards are expected by June
2020. For updates, visit the Trash Free Waters website at: https://
www.epa.aov/trash-free-waters
Save Our Seas 2.0
On January 9th, the Senate unanimously passed the Save Our Seas
2.0 Act (SOS 2.0). The related bill in the House is still in committee.
The legislation seeks to help reduce the creation of plastic waste,
find uses for the plastic waste that already exists to keep it from
entering the oceans, spur innovation, and tackle the problem on a
global scale. It builds on the initial progress of the Save Our Seas
Act of 2018.
NOAA Announces Release of 2020 Florida Marine Debris
Reduction Plan
The 2020 Florida Marine Debris Reduction Plan was created
through the voluntary, collaborative effort of 41 organizations to
address marine debris in Florida through coordinated actions. This
Reduction Plan encompasses work that will be undertaken in the
next five years (2020-2025) and establishes a comprehensive
framework for strategic action to help ensure that Florida and its
coasts, people, and wildlife are free from the impacts of marine
debris. Learn more at: https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/reaional-ac-
tion-plan/florida-marine-debris-reduction-plan
Nurdle Patrol Update
In February 2020, Nurdle Patrol volunteers removed 8,524 nurdles
from beaches primarily around the Gulf of Mexico. (Nurdles are
small round plastic pellets that are the base material used to manu-
facture most plastic items.) The Shedd Aquarium in Chicago is
now partnering with Nurdle Patrol, and will be holding education
programs and spreading the word in the Great Lakes region. This
makes 28 Nurdle Patrol partners to date. In addition, The Nurdle
Patrol methodology paper has been published and is open access.
Facebook page Nurdle Patrol now has 2,162 followers. Visit www.
nurdlepatrol.org for more information.
—Jace Tunnell, Mission-Aransas National
Estuarine Research Reserve.jace.tunnell@austin.utexas.edu
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EPA's Trash Free Waters program will be providing
recipients of The Flow with news about upcoming
funding opportunities, webinars, and more via a
new monthly "The Rapids" email. Please look for
that first email in your in-box on June 1, 2020.
Have a TFW Story to Share?
The Flow is always looking for TFW articles, news and event information.
Contact the editor at mayio.alice(5)epa.gov for submission deadlines.
THE FLOW OF...TRASH FREE WATERS MAY 2020 - ISSUE 13
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES
National Science Foundation Proposal: Micro- and Nano-plastics
The National Science Foundation seeks proposals that tackle some
of the fundamental scientific questions underlying micro- and
nano-plastic characterization, behavior, and reactivity in the environ-
ment, as well as their elimination from land and water systems. NSF
is considering proposals in a wide range of research having to deal
with chemistry, toxicity and the geoscience, ecological and evolu-
tionary science interactions of micro- and nano-plastics as well as
solutions regarding engineering, innovation, and education around
the topic. Learn more at: https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2Q20/
nsf2Q050/nsf20Q5Q.jsp?WT.mc ev=click&WT.mc id=USNS-
F 25&utm medium=email&utm source=GovDelivery
WEBINAR
Webinar: Plastics or Planet? Moving Beyond Plastics
June 4, 2020 at 1pm Eastern/IOam Pacific/5pm UTC
Judith Enck of Beyond Plastics will explore the environmental,
economic, and health implications of plastic production, use, and
disposal, and will discuss the latest plastic reduction laws. The
webinar is co-hosted by the EBM Tools Network and OCTO. To
register, visit: https://zoom.us/webinar/register/WN -tb3QBx7TJi-
9rCik7w4aJg
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Building community solutions to prevent land-based litter from entering
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&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
BATTELIE
Cong viec thilt kl va trinh bay dirge thirc hien thong qua sir hop tac theo thoa thuan
hop tac giCra Ca quan Bao ve Moi trirang Hoa Ky va Battelle qua Grant # 83617201.
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