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Software for Model Attainment Test -
Community Edition (SMAT-CE)
User's Guide
Software version 2.1
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EPA-454/B-22-013
August 2022
Software for Model Attainment Test - Community Edition (SMAT-CE)
User's Guide
Software version 2.1
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Air Quality Assessment Division
Research Triangle Park, NC
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SMAT-CE User's Guide
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Acknowledgements
In Cooperation with the U.S. EPA and the University of North Carolina Institute for the
Environment developed the SMAT-CE software. Abt Associates provided much of the
content for this User's Guide through the MATS User's Manual (Abt Associates, 2014).
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SMAT-CE User's Guide Contents
Acknowledgements i
Table of Figures iv
1 Introduction 1
2 Quick Start 2
2.1 Install Software 2
2.2 Start SMAT-CE 2
2.3 Load a Previous Project 3
2.4 Annual PM Analysis Quick Start 3
2.5 Daily PM Analysis Quick Start 7
2.6 Ozone Analysis Quick Start 12
2.7 Visibility Analysis Quick Start 15
3 SMAT-CE Installation 18
4 SMAT-CE Start Page 20
5 Running SMAT-CE 23
5.1 Load Previous SMAT-CE Project 23
5.2 New SMAT-CE Analysis 23
5.3 Running SMAT-CE in Batch Mode 24
6 Annual PM Analysis 26
6.1 Choose Desired Output 28
6.2 Output Choices-Advanced 31
6.3 Data Input 34
6.4 Species Fraction Options 37
6.5 PM2.5 Calculation Options 41
6.6 Model Data Options 44
7 Daily PM Analysis 47
7.1 Choose Desired Output 49
7.2 Output Choices-Advanced 52
7.3 Data Input 54
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7.4 Species Fraction Options 57
7.5 PM2.5 Calculation Options 62
7.6 Model Data Options 64
8 Ozone Analysis 68
8.1 Desired Output 70
8.2 Data Input 75
8.3 Filtering/Interpolation 79
8.4 RRF/Spatial Gradient 81
9 Visibility Analysis 87
9.1 Choose Desired Output 89
9.2 Data Input 103
9.3 Filtering Ill
10 The SMAT-CE Data Viewer 115
10.1 Starting the Data Viewer 115
10.2 Starting an Analysis Session 116
10.3 Creating Data Displays 118
10.4 GIS Window 120
10.5 Map Window 123
10.6 Data Table Display 126
10.7 Chart Display 128
10.8 The SMAT-CE Configuration File 131
10.9 Exporting Data from SMAT-CE 132
11 Getting Help 134
12 References 135
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Table of Figures
Figure 3-1. SMAT-CE installation window 19
Figure 4-1. SMAT-CE start page window 21
Figure 4-2. SMAT-CE About window 21
Figure 4-3. SMAT-CE development log window 22
Figure 5-1. SMAT-CE batch script 25
Figure 6-1. Annual PM Analysis initial window 27
Figure 6-2. Choose Desired Output for Annual PM2.5 Analysis 28
Figure 6-3. Output Choices-Advanced for Annual PM2.5 Analysis 31
Figure 6-4. Data Input for Annual PM2.5 Analysis 34
Figure 6-5. Species Fraction Options for Annual PM2.5 Analysis 37
Figure 6-6. PM2.5 Calculation Options for Annual PM2.5 Analysis 41
Figure 6-7. Model Data Options for Annual PM2.5 Analysis 44
Figure 6-8. Annual PM25 Analysis run status 45
Figure 6-9. Annual PM Analysis Data Viewer 46
Figure 7-1. Daily PM Analysis initial window 48
Figure 7-2. Choose Desired Output for Daily PM2.5 Analysis 49
Figure 7-3.Output Choices-Advanced for Daily PM2.5 Analysis 52
Figure 7-4. Data Input for Daily PM2.5 Analysis 54
Figure 7-5. Species Fraction Options for Daily PM2.5 Analysis 57
Figure 7-6. PM2.5 Calculation Options for Daily PM2.5 Analysis 62
Figure 7-7. Model Data Options for Daily PM2.5 Analysis 64
Figure 7-8. Daily PM25 Analysis run status 66
Figure 7-9. Daily PM Analysis Data Viewer 67
Figure 8-1. Ozone Analysis initial window 69
Figure 8-2. Choose Desired Output for Ozone Analysis 70
Figure 8-3. Data Input for Ozone Analysis 75
Figure 8-4. Filtering/Interpolation for Ozone Analysis 79
Figure 8-5. Ozone Analysis run status 85
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Figure 8-6.Ozone Analysis data viewer 86
Figure 9-1. Visibility Analysis initial window 88
Figure 9-2. Choose Desired Output for Visibility Analysis 89
Figure 9-3. Data Input for Visibility Analysis 103
Figure 9-4 Format for Daily PM Model Data 106
Figure 9-5 Example for forecast IMPROVE daily visibility file 108
Figure 9-6. Example for File Linking IMPROVE Monitors and Class I Areas 110
Figure 9-7. Filtering for Visibility Analysis Ill
Figure 9-8. Visibility Analysis run status 113
Figure 9-9. Visibility Analysis data viewer 114
Figure 10-1. SMAT-CE Data Viewer 115
Figure 10-2. Data Viewer window with a completed project 116
Figure 10-3. Log & Msg display window 117
Figure 10-4. Configuration & Batch File display window 118
Figure 10-5. Output files right-click menu 119
Figure 10-6. Output files GIS map view 119
Figure 10-7. SMAT-CE GIS window 121
Figure 10-8. GIS map right-click menu 122
Figure 10-9. GIS window with highlighted map controls 123
Figure 10-10. SMAT-CE map window 124
Figure 10-11. Map window with right click menu 125
Figure 10-12. Map window with highlighted map controls 126
Figure 10-13. SMAT-CE Data table window 127
Figure 10-14. Data window with highlighted configuration options 128
Figure 10-15. SMAT-CE chart window 129
Figure 10-16. Chart window with highlighted configuration options 130
Figure 10-17. Viewing a SMAT-CE configuration file 131
Figure 10-18. SMAT-CE Configuration File view 132
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1 Introduction
The Software of Model Attainment Test - Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is the next
generation of Modeled Attainment Test Software (MATS). SMAT-CE implements
modeled attainment tests for particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), and performs
the uniform rate of progress analysis for regional haze (visibility). The results from
SMAT-CE can be used to provide scientific support for air pollution control strategies
and decision making. Details of the modeled attainment tests formulated by the U.S.
EPA and implemented in SMAT-CE are available in the Draft Modeling Guidance for
Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and Regional Haze (US EPA, 2014).
This document provides instructions on how to use SMAT-CE to conduct modeled
attainment tests for PM2.5 and O3, and to perform the uniform rate of progress analysis
for regional haze (visibility). In addition to a quick start guide, this document includes
a description of the SMAT-CE interface, configuration options, and a step-by-step
tutorial for using SMAT-CE with sample data from the Eastern U.S.
This manual includes the following sections:
Chapter 2. Quick Start Guide to quickly get users up and running
Chapter 3. SMAT-CE installation
Chapter 4. SMAT-CE User Interface
Chapter 5. Start new analyses and load previously saved analyses
Chapter 6. Annual PM2.5 attainment test details
Chapter 7. Daily PM2.5 attainment test details
Chapter 8. O3 attainment test details
Chapter 9. Uniform rate of progress analysis for regional haze details
Chapter 10. Using the SMAT-CE Data Viewer for analyzing results
Chapter 11. Where to get help for using SMAT-CE
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2 Quick Start
This chapter provides the steps required to install SMAT-CE and run it for various
analyses. The Quick Start will use a pre-loaded Community Multiscale Air Quality
(CMAQ) model tutorial data set to demonstrate how to run each of the SMAT-CE
analysis modules. These steps will use the default SMAT-CE settings and do not
describe the configuration settings for each analysis. For details of the configuration
settings for the individual SMET-CE modules, refer to the User's Guide chapter for
each module.
2.1 Install Software
Details: User's Guide Chapter 3
• Download the SMAT-CE Windows Setup.exe file from ABaCAS website
(http://www.abacas-dss.com/abacas/Software.aspx). SMAT-CE runs on 32-bit
and 64-bit Windows Operating Systems.
• Uninstall all previous versions of SMAT-CE.
• Install SMAT-CE by double-clicking the Setup.exe file. Follow the instructions
to install the program to the default location on your computer.
2.2 Start SMAT-CE
Details: User's Guide Chapter 4
• Double click the SMAT-CE desktop icon or SMAT-CE.exe file to start the
program.
• The SMAT-CE Start Page window will appear on your screen. There are five
main modules available on the Start page: Process Data, Analyze/Visualize
Data, Single Source Impact Analysis, BenMAP Benefit Module, and
Support & Help.
• The Process Data module is on the left-hand panel of the SMAT-CE Start Page.
This module allows users to either Load a Previous Project or start a new model
attainment test for annual PM2.5, daily PM2.5, ozone, or visibility.
• The Data Viewer is available through the Analyze/Visualize Data module on
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the lower left section of the SMAT-CE Start Page. The Data Viewer allows
users to load results files (i.e., *.proj files) from completed in SMAT-CE
analyses and view these data in maps, tables, and charts; or export the data.
• The Single Source Impact Analysis is on the top of the right-hand panel of the
SMAT-CE Start Page. This module is used to conduct single source PM2.5 and
O3 air quality impact analyses using output from gridded, dispersion, or fused
model data.
• The BenMAP Benefit Module is on the middle of the right-hand panel of the
SMAT-CE Start Page. This module is used to estimate health and economic
benefits that result from changes in modeled concentrations of PM2.5 and O3.
• The Support & Help links to this User's Guide and the About button displays
information about the current version of the software.
2.3 Load a Previous Project
Details: User's Guide Chapter 5
• Click Load a Previous Project on the SMAT-CE Start Page to launch a
Windows Explorer window. Use this window to navigate to the directory where
SMAT-CE project (*.proj) files are saved to load a previous project.
2.4 Annual PM Analysis Quick Start
Details: User's Guide Chapter 6
The steps below describe how to use SMAT-CE to compute monitor RRFs and design
values for the NAAQS annual PM2.5 standard.
Step 1. Click Annual PM Analysis on the SMAT-CE Start Page to launch the Annual
PM Analysis module window.
Step 2. The Choose Desired Output window display first. This window sets the
output that SMAT-CE will generate for the Annual PM Analysis. SMAT-CE
can conduct a Standard Analysis (i.e., forecast point estimates at ambient
monitors), output quarterly model data, and output a species fractions file,
o Click on the Choose Desired Output hyperlink to display an electronic
version of the User's Manual for this window.
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o Type a Project Name in the dialog box. For example, type
"AnnualPMTutorial" in the Project Name box.
o Standard Analysis. Leave the box checked next to "Interpolate monitor
data to FRM monitor sites. Temporally-adjust." SMAT-CE will create
forecasts for each monitor in the monitor file,
o Quarterly Model Data. Uncheck these options. (If checked, SMAT-CE
generates quarterly model files from daily input data). SMAT-CE will
run faster if it can skip the step of creating quarterly data from daily data,
o Species Fraction. Check the box next to Output species fractions file,
o Actions on run completion. Check the box next to Automatically
extract all selected output files. Upon completing its calculations,
SMAT-CE will extract the results into a folder with the name of your
scenario.
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Choose Desired Output
window to proceed to the next step.
Step 3. With the advanced options in the Output Choices - Advanced window, you
can generate spatial fields and a variety of files useful for quality assurance.
Simply review these options and then uncheck them all.
o Click on the Output Choices-Advanced hyperlink to display an
electronic version of the User's Manual for this window,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Output Choices-
Advanced window to proceed to the next step.
Step 4. The Data Input window sets the species and PM2.5 monitor data and the model
data to use for the PM attainment test. SMAT-CE calculates the ratio of the
base and future year model data to calculate a relative response factor (RRF)
for each PM species. SMAT-CE uses the PM2.5 monitor data and interpolated
species monitor data to estimate species values at each FRM site, multiplies
the species values from the monitor data with the species-specific RRFs, and
then estimates a future-year design value.
Use the default settings in the Data Input window.
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o Click on the Data Input hyperlink to display an electronic version of
the User's Manual for this window,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Data Input window to
proceed to the next step.
Step 5. The Species Fraction Options window has several functions related to the
IMPROVE-STN (species) monitor data and the (unofficial) PM2.5 monitor
data. These functions include identifying the years of monitor data to use,
deleting any specific data values, and choosing the minimum data
requirements of monitors to use in the PM analysis.
Use the default settings in the Species Fraction Options window.
o Click on the Species Fraction Options hyperlink to display an
electronic version of the User's Manual for this window,
o Monitor Data Years. Sets the years of monitor data to use for the PM
attainment test. The default is to use the three-year period 2010-2012.
The default period is based on a modeling year of 2011. The start and
end years should be changed to applicable time periods, depending on
the base modeling year,
o Delete Specified Data Values. The default is to delete the observations
specified by EPA. Valid data are flagged with a value of "0" and
observations that should be deleted are flagged with values of "1" to
"10". (Leave unchecked the option for the user to flag data.)
o Minimum Data Requirements. There are three sets of minimum data
requirements for the PM attainment test:
1. Minimum number of valid days per valid quarter. This sets the
minimum number of site-days per valid quarter. The default is 11
days, which corresponds to >75% completeness for monitors on a 1
in 6-day monitoring schedule. This is the minimum number of
samples that is routinely used in calculations of quarterly average
concentrations.
2. Minimum number of valid quarters required for valid season.
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This sets the number of years of data (within the start year and end
year specified) for which valid quarters for a given season are
available. The default value is 1 year. If the value is set = 2, then there
will need to be 2 years of valid data from quarterl in order for quarter
one to be considered complete (and the same for the other 3 quarters).
3. Minimum number of valid seasons required for valid monitor.
This sets the number of valid seasons that are needed in order for a
particular monitor's data to be considered valid. The default is 1 for
IMPROVE-STN monitor data and the range is 1-4. For example, if
the value is = 1, then a monitor's data will be used in the species
fractions calculations if it has at least one valid season. If the value =
4, then the site must have all 4 seasons of valid data to be used. The
default for PM2.5 depends on whether the data are used in point
calculations (default = 4) or spatial field calculations (default = 1).
o Species Fraction Options - Advanced. Sets additional advanced
options for the PM attainment test. Generally speaking, the default
options settings are consistent with the EPA modeling guidance. One set
of options sets the interpolation weighting to use and whether the
interpolation involves a maximum distance or not. The second set of
options involves choices regarding ammonium, blank mass, and organic
carbon.
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Species Fraction Options
window to proceed to the next step.
Step 6. The PM2.5 Calculation Options window sets the particular years of monitor
data to use from the input file specified in the Data Input Window
Keep the default settings:
o PM2.5 Monitor Data Years. Start Year = 2009 and End Year = 2013
o Official vs. Custom Values. Set to "Official Design Values"
o Valid FRM Monitors. Keep the minimum number of design values
equal to the default value of 1, and do not specify any particular design
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values for inclusion in the calculations,
o NH4 Future Calculation. Sets how to forecast NH4 values. Use the
default approach, which is to use baseline DON values,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the PM2.5 Calculation
Options window to proceed to the next step.
Step 7. The Model Data Options window sets how to perform temporal adjustments
on the monitoring data. This option sets how many model grid cells to use in
the calculation of RRFs for point estimates and for spatial estimates. Use the
default option: 3x3 set of grid cells. Note that for PM analyses, SMAT-CE
calculates mean concentrations across the grid cell array (as compared to
maximum concentrations used for ozone analyses).
Use the default settings in the Model Data Options window.
o Click on the Model Data Options hyperlink to display an electronic
version of the User's Manual for this window,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Model Data Options
window to complete the Annual PM Analysis configuration and run the
attainment test.
o Click Save & Run Project in the pop-up window. Click Save to create
a project (*.proj) file for this tutorial exercise. The Filename should
reflect the text entered in the Project Name box from Step 2 above.
The Annual PM Analysis will complete after a few minutes and the SMAT-CE Data
Viewer will present the results of the analysis. See Chapter 10 for details on how to use
the Data Viewer to analyze the results.
2.5 Daily PM Analysis Quick Start
Details: User's Guide Chapter 7
The steps below describe how to use SMAT-CE to compute monitor RRFs and design
values for the NAAQS daily PM2.5 standard.
Step 1. Click Daily PM Analysis on the SMAT-CE Start Page to launch the Daily PM
Analysis module window.
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Step 2. The Choose Desired Output window display first. This window sets the
output that SMAT-CE will generate for the Daily PM Analysis. SMAT-CE can
conduct a Standard Analysis (i.e., forecast point estimates at ambient
monitors), output quarterly model data, and output a species fractions file,
o Click on the Choose Desired Output hyperlink to display an electronic
version of the User's Manual for this window,
o Type a Project Name in the dialog box. For example, type
"DailyPMTutorial" in the Project Name box.
o Standard Analysis. Leave the box checked next to "Interpolate monitor
data to FRM monitor sites. Temporally-adjust." SMAT-CE will create
forecasts for each monitor in the monitor file,
o Quarterly Peak Model Data. Check this option. SMAT-CE will
generate quarterly model files from daily input data,
o Species Fraction. Check the box next to Output species fractions file,
o Actions on run completion. Check the box next to Automatically
extract all selected output files. Upon completing its calculations,
SMAT-CE will extract the results into a folder with the name of your
scenario.
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Choose Desired Output
window to proceed to the next step.
Step 3. With the advanced options in the Output Choices - Advanced window, you
can generate spatial fields and a variety of files useful for quality assurance.
Simply review these options and then uncheck them all.
o Click on the Output Choices-Advanced hyperlink to display an
electronic version of the User's Manual for this window,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Output Choices-
Advanced window to proceed to the next step.
Step 4. The Data Input window sets the species and PM2.5 monitor data and the model
data to use for the PM attainment test. SMAT-CE calculates the ratio of the
base and future year model data to calculate a relative response factor (RRF)
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for each PM species. SMAT-CE uses the PM2.5 monitor data and interpolated
species monitor data to estimate species values at each FRM site, multiplies
the species values from the monitor data with the species-specific RRFs, and
then estimates a future-year design value.
Use the default settings in the Data Input window.
o Click on the Data Input hyperlink to display an electronic version of
the User's Manual for this window,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Data Input window to
proceed to the next step.
Step 5. The Species Fraction Options window has several functions related to the
IMPROVE-STN (species) monitor data and the (unofficial) PM2.5 monitor
data. These functions include identifying the years of monitor data to use,
deleting any specific data values, and choosing the minimum data
requirements of monitors to use in the PM analysis.
Use the default settings in the Species Fraction Options window.
o Click on the Species Fraction Options hyperlink to display an
electronic version of the User's Manual for this window,
o Monitor Data Years. Sets the years of monitor data to use for the PM
attainment test. The default is to use the three-year period 2010-2012.
The default period is based on a modeling year of 2011. The start and
end years should be changed to applicable time periods, depending on
the base modeling year,
o Delete Specified Data Values. The default is to delete the observations
specified by EPA. Valid data are flagged with a value of "0" and
observations that should be deleted are flagged with values of "1" to
"10". (Leave unchecked the option for the user to flag data.)
o Minimum Data Requirements. There are three sets of minimum data
requirements for the PM attainment test:
1. Minimum number of valid days per valid quarter. This sets the
minimum number of site-days per valid quarter. The default is 11
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days, which corresponds to >75% completeness for monitors on a 1
in 6-day monitoring schedule. This is the minimum number of
samples that is routinely used in calculations of quarterly average
concentrations.
2. Minimum number of valid quarters required for valid season.
This sets the number of years of data (within the start year and end
year specified) for which valid quarters for a given season are
available. The default value is 1 year. If the value is set = 2, then there
will need to be 2 years of valid data from quarterl in order for quarter
one to be considered complete (and the same for the other 3 quarters).
3. Minimum number of valid seasons required for valid monitor.
This sets the number of valid seasons that are needed in order for a
particular monitor's data to be considered valid. The default is 1 for
IMPROVE-STN monitor data and the range is 1-4. For example, if
the value is = 1, then a monitor's data will be used in the species
fractions calculations if it has at least one valid season. If the value =
4. then the site must have all 4 seasons of valid data to be used. The
default for PM2.5 depends on whether the data are used in point
calculations (default = 4) or spatial field calculations (default = 1).
o Species Fraction Options - Advanced. Sets additional advanced
options for the PM attainment test. Generally speaking, the default
options settings are consistent with the EPA modeling guidance. One set
of options sets the interpolation weighting to use and whether the
interpolation involves a maximum distance or not. The second set of
options involves choices regarding ammonium, blank mass, and organic
carbon.
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Species Fraction Options
window to proceed to the next step.
Step 6. The PM2.5 Calculation Options window sets the particular years of monitor
data to use from the input file specified in the Data Input Window
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Keep the default settings:
o PM2.5 Monitor Data Years. Start Year = 2009 and End Year = 2013
o Valid FRM Monitors. Keep the minimum number of design values
equal to the default value of 1, and do not specify any particular design
values for inclusion in the calculations,
o NH4 Future Calculation. Sets how to forecast NH4 values. Use the
default approach, which is to use baseline DON values,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the PM2.5 Calculation
Options window to proceed to the next step.
Step 7. The Model Data Options window sets how to perform temporal adjustments
on the monitoring data. This option sets how many model grid cells to use in
the calculation of RRFs for point estimates and for spatial estimates. Use the
default option: 3x3 set of grid cells. Note that for PM analyses, SMAT-CE
calculates mean concentrations across the grid cell array (as compared to
maximum concentrations used for ozone analyses).
Use the default settings in the Model Data Options window.
o Click on the Model Data Options hyperlink to display an electronic
version of the User's Manual for this window,
o Temporal Adjustment at Monitor. Sets how many model grid cells to
use in the calculation of RRFs for point and spatial estimates. Use the
default option for both: lxl set of grid cells. Note that for PM analyses,
SMAT-CE should be set to calculate mean concentrations across the grid
cell array.
o Advanced Options: RRF Model Values Used. Sets which monitor data
to use to characterize peak values (e.g., top 10 percent of daily model
days).
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Model Data Options
window to complete the Daily PM Analysis configuration and run the
attainment test.
o Click Save & Run Project in the pop-up window. Click Save to create
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a project (*.proj) file for this tutorial exercise. The Filename should
reflect the text entered in the Project Name box from Step 2 above.
The Daily PM Analysis will complete after a few minutes and the SMAT-CE Data
Viewer will present the results of the analysis. See Chapter 10 for details on how to use
the Data Viewer to analyze the results.
2.6 Ozone Analysis Quick Start
Details: User's Guide Chapter 8
The steps below describe how to use SMAT-CE to compute monitor RRFs and design
values for the NAAQS O3 standard.
Step 1. Click Ozone Analysis on the SMAT-CE Start Page to launch the Ozone
Analysis module window.
Step 2. The Desired Output window displays first. This window sets the ozone
analysis output that SMAT-CE will generate. SMAT-CE can output the
quarterly model data used in the calculations, use different approaches to
interpolate the monitor data, and selectively output data for all of the design
value periods.
o Click on the Desired Output hyperlink to display an electronic version
of the User's Manual for this window,
o Type a Project Name in the dialog box. For example, type "03_Tutorial"
in the Project Name box.
o Point Estimates. Leave the box checked next to "Forecast ozone design
values at monitors." SMAT-CE will create forecasts for each monitor in
the monitor file.
o Quarterly Model Data. Check this option. SMAT-CE will generate
quarterly model files from daily input data,
o Spatial Field. Leave unchecked. If checked, SMAT-CE would
interpolate from the monitor data to calculate design values for the entire
modeling domain.
o Actions on run completion. Check the box next to Automatically
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extract all selected output files. Upon completing its calculations,
SMAT-CE will extract the results into a folder with the name of your
scenario.
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Desired Output window
to proceed to the next step.
Step 3. The Data Input window sets the monitor and model data to use for the O3
attainment test. SMAT-CE calculates the ratio of the base and future year
model data to calculate a relative response factor (RRF) for O3. SMAT-CE
multiplies the O3 monitor data by the RRFs, and then estimates a future-year
design value.
SMAT-CE includes options to use model data in different ways when
calculating forecasts at each monitor. Options include selecting results from
the single grid cell that contains the monitor or selecting a grid cell array of
3x3, 5x5, or 7x7 model cells around each monitor. The tutorial dataset
contained in SMAT-CE is at 12km resolution and should use a 3x3 grid cell
array. The default for ozone analysis is to choose the maximum daily
concentration in the array for the RRF calculation
Use the default settings in the Data Input window.
o Click on the Data Input hyperlink to display an electronic version of
the User's Manual for this window,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Data Input window to
proceed to the next step.
Step 5. The Filtering/Interpolation window has several functions related to
interpolating monitoring data. These functions include identifying the years of
monitor data to use in the RRF calculations, choosing the particular monitors
to use in the analysis, and (when calculating spatial fields) specifying the
interpolation method.
Use the default settings in the Filtering/Interpolation window.
o Click on the Filtering/lnterpolation hyperlink to display an electronic
version of the User's Manual for this window.
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o Choose Ozone Design Values. Sets the years of monitor data to use for
the O3 attainment test. The default is to use a 5-year period (covering
three 3-year design value periods) centered on the modeling year. The
default modeling year in SMAT-CE is 2011, so the Start Year is 2009-
2011 and the End Year is 2011-2013. The start and end years should be
changed to applicable time periods, depending on the base modeling
year.
o Valid Ozone Monitors. Identifies the "valid" monitors to include in the
analysis. The default settings are to use monitors with at least one valid
design value period and that are within 25 kilometers of a model grid
cell. SMAT-CE includes a setting to force that a particular design value
be available (e.g., 2005-2007) for the data to be valid. The default is
to require none in particular,
o Default Interpolation Method. Sets the method to combine the design
values from different monitors into a single estimated design value. This
option is only used when generating estimates for a Spatial Field. Since
we are only generating Point Estimates, this set of options is not active
in SMAT-CE.
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Filtering/Interpolation
Options window to proceed to the next step.
Step 6. The RRF/Spatial Gradient window sets the days to be used in the RRF
calculation and the model values to use in the calculation of a Spatial Field.
Keep the default settings:
o RRF Setup. Sets the days to be used in the calculation of RRFs. By
default, SMAT will select the top 10 highest days for the calculation.
Each monitor must meet the minimum allowable threshold value and the
minimum number of days at or above minimum allowable threshold
value specified in this screen, or it is dropped from the calculation. The
default values are 60 and 5, respectively.
o Spatial Gradient Setup. Sets the model values that will be used in the
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calculation of a Spatial Field. Since we are only generating Point
Estimates, this set of options is not active in SMAT-CE.
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the RRF/Spatial Gradient
Options window to complete the Ozone Analysis configuration and run
the attainment test.
o Click Save & Run Project in the pop-up window. Click Save to create
a project (*.proj) file for this tutorial exercise. The Filename should
reflect the text entered in the Project Name box from Step 2 above.
The Ozone Analysis will complete after a few seconds and the SMAT-CE Data Viewer
will present the results of the analysis. See Chapter 10 for details on how to use the
Data Viewer to analyze the results.
2.7 Visibility Analysis Quick Start
Details: User's Guide Chapter 9
The steps below describe how to use SMAT-CE to forecast visibility at U.S. Class I
Areas.
Step 1. Click Visibility Analysis on the SMAT-CE Start Page to launch the Visibility
Analysis module window.
Step 2. The Choose Desired Output window displays first. This window sets the
visibility analysis output that SMAT-CE will generate.
o Click on the Choose Desired Output hyperlink to display an electronic
version of the User's Manual for this window,
o Type a Project Name in the dialog box. For example, type
"Visibility Tutorial" in the Project Name box.
o Forecast. Leave the box checked next to "Temporally adjust visibility
levels at Class I Areas" SMAT-CE will create forecasts for each Class I
Area in the modeling domain. SMAT-CE includes two IMPROVE
equations for calculating visibility from speciated PM2.5. Use the new
version of the equation,
o Use model grid cell at monitor. A single IMPROVE monitor is
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associated with each Class I Area. SMAT-CE multiplies the monitor
value by an RRF, which is the modeled future-year visibility divided the
modeled current-year visibility, to calculate future year visibility in the
Class I Area. SMAT-CE provides the option to use either the model
values in the grid cell at the IMPROVE monitor or to use the model
values in the grid cell at the Class I Area centroid. Select the default
option of using model values in the grid cell at the monitor,
o Actions on run completion. Check the box next to Automatically
extract all selected output files to direct SMAT-CE to export CSV files
with the results of this analysis,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Choose Desired Output
window to proceed to the next step.
Step 3. The Data Input window sets the monitor and model data to use in the visibility
forecasts. SMAT-CE calculates the ratio of the future to base year model data
to calculate RRFs for the 20% best (B20) and 20% worst (W20) visibility days
of the year. SMAT-CE then multiplies the calculated observed visibility at the
monitor B20 days by the B20 RRF to calculate a future-year estimate for
visibility on the best visibility days. SMAT-CE performs an analogous
calculation for the worst visibility days.
SMAT-CE installs with IMPROVE visibility monitor values from 2000
through 2020. It also comes loaded with an example model output dataset for
visibility for 2011 and 2017.
SMAT-CE includes options to use model data in different ways when
calculating forecasts at each Class I Area monitor. Options include selecting
results from the single grid cell that contains the monitor or selecting a grid
cell array of 3x3, 5x5, or 7x7 model cells around each monitor. The tutorial
dataset contained in SMAT-CE is at 12km resolution and should use a 3x3 grid
cell array.
Use the default settings in the Data Input window.
o Click on the Data Input hyperlink to display an electronic version of
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the User's Manual for this window,
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Data Input window to
proceed to the next step.
Step 5. The Filtering window has several functions related to interpolating
monitoring data. These functions include identifying the years of monitor data
to use in the RRF calculations, choosing the particular monitors to use in the
analysis, and (when calculating spatial fields) specifying the interpolation
method.
Use the default settings in the Filtering window.
o Click on the Filtering hyperlink to display an electronic version of the
User's Manual for this window,
o Choose Visibility Data Years. Sets the years of monitor data to use for
the visibility forecast. The default is to use a 5-year period (covering
three 3-year design value periods) centered on the modeling year. The
default modeling year in SMAT-CE is 2011, so the Start Monitor Year is
2009 and the End Monitor Year is 2013. The Base Model Year is 2011.
o Valid Visibility Monitors. Identifies the "valid" monitors to include in
the analysis. The default setting, which is consistent with the EPA
Modeling Guidance, is to exclude monitors with less than three years of
data.
o Click the Next arrow at the bottom right of the Filtering Options window
to complete the Visibility Analysis configuration and run the attainment
test.
o Click Save & Run Project in the pop-up window. Click Save to create
a project (*.proj) file for this tutorial exercise. The Filename should
reflect the text entered in the Project Name box from Step 2 above.
The Visibility Analysis will complete after a few minutes and the SMAT-CE Data
Viewer will present the results of the analysis. See Chapter 10 for details on how to use
the Data Viewer to analyze the results.
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3 SMAT-CE Installation
This section of the SMAT-CE User's Manual describes how to install the software on a
PC running Windows; SMAT-CE is currently not available for other operating systems.
Before installing SMAT-CE, uninstall any previous versions of the software. See Table
3-1 for a description of the recommended PC configuration for running SMAT-CE.
Table 3-1. SMAT-CE computing system recommendations.
System
Host
Minimum
Component
kecomnKMicliition
kiTommciHliilion
CPU
Intel, Quad-Core, 3 GHz
Intel, Duo-Core, 1.6 GHz
Memory (RAM)
6 Gb
2 Gb
Free Disk Space
10 Gb
10 Gb
Operating System
64-bit Windows 10
32-Bit Windows XP
Screen Resolution
1024 x 768 pixels
Font Size
normal
After downloading SMAT-CE from ABaCAS website (http://www.abacas-
dss.com/abacas/Software.aspx). double click on the SMAT-CE Setup.exe binary file to
initiate the SMAT-CE - InstallShield Wizard (Figure 3-1), click the next button, and
follow the tips in the window until the installation is finished.
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Welcome to the InstaKShield Wizard for SMAT
?»
The InstalShiekl(R) Wizard wi install SMAT on your computer.
To continue, ckk Next.
< i I %
i \A1/V *
< Back f Next >
Cancel
1
Figure 3-1. SMAT-CE installation window
A successful installation will result in a SMAT-CE desktop icon:
MAT «
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4 SMAT-CE Start Page
Double click the SMAT-CE desktop icon to start the program. The SMAT-CE Start Page
(Figure 4-1) will appear on your screen. This window provides access to the following
SMAT-CE modules:
• The Process Data module is the interface for loading air quality data into the
software for conducting attainment tests. Users can select data from a project
that had been loaded previously, or load new data for conducting PM, ozone, or
visibility analysis. The Annual PM, Daily PM, Ozone, and Visibility Analysis
options each open new windows to configure and run attainment tests for the
applicable pollutant.
• The Analyze/Visualize Data module links to the SMAT-CE Data Viewer. The
Data Viewer provides an interface to load previously generated results files
(*.proj files), and view the data as maps, tables and charts; or to export the
results as a text file.
• The Support & Help module links to the SMAT-CE User's Guide and
information about the current version of the software. The About option under
this module (Figure 4-2) provides the software version number, a suggested
citation for SMAT-CE, and a Development Log (Figure 4-3) listing release notes
for current and previous versions of the software.
Additional details about configuring and running the different SMAT-CE
processing and analysis modules are included in the following sections.
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®. SMAT-CE 2.1 - ~ X
Welcome to SMAT-CE (Community Edition)
Version: SMAT-CE 2.1
Welcome to SMAT-CE: Software for Model Attainment Test - Community Edition
- developed by U.S. EPA. SMAT-CE is primarily intended as a tool to implement
the modeled attainment tests for particulate matter (PMi.s) and ozone (03), and
regional haze (visibility).
What would you like to do?
Process Data Analyze/Visualize Data
Q
Load Previous Project
©
Data Viewer
(?M
Annual PM Analysis
Support & Help
(jWI
Daily PM Analysis
o
User Guide
©
Ozone Analysis
o
About
(jQjaze
Visibility Analysis
Exit
SNAT-CE
Figure 4-1. SMAT-CE start page window
About SMAT-CE 2.1
X
Sr^
$
5
30
\
.w
(¦*
prcT^
z
UJ
o
Software for Model Attainment Test - Community Edition
Version: 2.1 (August 26, 2022}
Copyright © US Environmental Protection Agency
Suggested report citation for SMAT-CE: US Environmental
Protection Agency (2015-2022). Software for Model
Attainment Test - Community Edition (Version 2.1). Prepared
for Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC.
Development Log
OK
Figure 4-2. SMAT-CE About window
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ibi Development Log
—
~
X
File Print Exit
SMAT-CE Development Log
Release Version SMAT-CE 2.0
Release Date 2022.07.12
Main Improvements:
1. The SMAT-CE package has been split into setup and data package ("SMAT-CE 2.0
Setup.exe" and "SMAT-CE 2.0 Data.exe"). It means that users should install both setup
and data package before running SMAT-CE;
2. Update new monitoring data with 2020/2019 from 2017. These data can be found in
"SMAT-CE 2.0 Data.exe" (After installation, it will be found under "...\My SMAT-CE Files
\Data\SampleData\Monitor_data");
3. Change the "SMAT-CE 2.0" installation directory from "C:\Program files\SMAT-CE" to User
Documents under "...\My SMAT-CE Files\Tool" (similar to NEXUS & FAST-CE)
Release Version SMAT-CE 1.8
Figure 4-3. SMAT-CE development log window
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5 Running SMAT-CE
Using SMAT-CE to conduct model attainment tests begins with the Process Data
module on the Start Page. From this module, users may load a previous project or
conduct new model attainment test for Annual PM, Daily PM, Ozone, and Visibility.
One of the key features of SMAT-CE is the project (*.proj) file. This file stores
configuration information from a previous SMAT-CE analysis to facilitate recreating or
continuing the analysis at a later time. Users may also choose to modify an existing
project file to generate a new set of results, avoiding the need to rerun an entire SMAT-
CE analysis from the beginning.
To conduct an attainment test with SMAT-CE, either select Load Previous Project or
one of the pollutant Analysis options in the Process Data module on the Start Page.
5.1 Load Previous SMAT-CE Project
SMAT-CE projects that were run previously may be accessed through the Load
Previous Project menu on the Start Page. When this option is selected a Windows file
explorer opens to the default directory (C:/Users/[user ID]/My Documents/My SMAT-
CE Files/Result/Project) containing SMAT-CE project files. It is recommended that
all project files be saved to this directory. Upon selecting one of the existing projects,
SMAT-CE will open to the Analysis module (i.e., Annual PM, Daily PM, Ozone, or
Visibility) associated with the project.
Once a previous project is loaded, you will begin from the point where the loaded
project was last saved. Refer to the following relevant sections for the details of how to
continue the analysis of a previous project.
5.2 New SMAT-CE Analysis
A new SMAT-CE attainment test is initiated by selecting one of the four Analysis
options under the Process Data section on the Start Page:
• Annual PM Analysis (Chapter 6): SMAT-CE will forecast annual PM2.5 design
values at monitor locations. The software will also optionally calculate
quarterly model data files and a species fractions file.
• Daily PM Analysis (Chapter 7): SMAT-CE will forecast daily PM2.5 design
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values at monitor locations. The software will also optionally calculate
quarterly model data files and a species fractions file.
• Ozone Analysis (Chapter 8): SMAT-CE will forecast ozone design values at
explicit (point) monitor locations. Options are also available for a variety of
approaches to calculate design values for a spatial field, such as a matrix of
model grid cell surrounding each monitor.
• Visibility Analysis (Chapter 9): SMAT-CE will forecast visibility at specific
point locations (centroid) in Class I Areas. Different versions of the
IMPROVE light extinction algorithm may be selected along with the option to
use either model data at the monitor linked to each Class I Area or model data
closest to the Class I Area centroid.
• Analyze/Visualize Data (Chapter 10): The Data Viewer provides a graphical
and tabular interface to the input/output data from the attainment test analyses
produced by SMAT-CE.
5.3 Running SMAT-CE in Batch Mode
SMAT-CE Configuration Files can be concatenated in a Windows batch script to
automatically run multiple SMAT-CE analyses in sequence. A SMAT-CE Configuration
File stores the configuration options for one SMAT Analysis (i.e., Annual PM, Daily
PM, Ozone, or Visibility). Multiple Configuration Files can be used to define a suite of
analyses to run at once through a batch script. The Configuration Files are created
and saved automatically when setting up an attainment test analysis in SMAT-CE. They
can be edited either through the Data Viewer or using a text editor outside of SMAT-
Ce.
An example batch script (batsmat.bat) and configuration files (*.cfg) are included in
"Program Files (x86)\SMAT-CE\BatchExample\Batch64". The script "batchsmat.bat"
includes a list of configuration files for the four types of analyses supported by SMAT-
CE (Figure 5-1). New configuration files can be added to the batch script to run
additional analyses.
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r bdlc hsnval. Ixt Notepad
start /wait a*AT,e*e "c:\j5rogram f 1"1«(.*86)\5ma,t cE\outpi/t\armij.il analysis.cfg"
start /wait SMAT.exe "C:\pragram filesfx86)\SHAT CE\OutpLit\dai 1y analysis.cfg
start /Walt SMAT.exe "C:\program f-i"les(:x86)\SHAT CE\Outpt/t\o2one analysis.cfg"
start /wait SMAT.exe "C:\program fil es(x86,l\SHAT CE\Output\vis1bi1ity analysis.cfg"
Figure 5-1. SMAT-CE batch script
After editing the SMAT-CE batch script, save it and double click on the file to run the
analyses. A Windows command window will display the status of the different
SMAT-CE analysis runs. SMAT-CE will start and run in the background and when the
runs are complete, the command window will shut down automatically. The results of
the SMAT-CE batch runs are output to the My Documents\My SMAT-CE
Files\Result\Batchjob directory. The *.proj files from these runs can be loaded into the
SMAT-CE Data Viewer to probe the results from these runs.
Details of the SMAT-CE Analysis options are provided in the following Chapters. A
Continental U.S. (CONUS) example project is used in each of the analysis chapters to
demonstrate the options available for each attainment test.
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6 Annual PM Analysis
SMAT-CE can forecast annual design values at PM2.5 monitor locations — these
forecasts are referred to as Point Estimates. SMAT-CE can also use a variety of
approaches to calculate design values for a Spatial Field. A Spatial Field refers to a set
of values comprising calculations for each grid cell in a modeling domain from Eulerian
grid models such as CMAQ and CAMx.
The Annual PM Design Value Analysis in SMAT-CE is organized into seven steps. The
steps include the input/output and configuration options for computing ozone design
values. The following configuration steps correspond to different SMAT-CE windows
and are described in detail in this chapter:
• Output Choice. Select whether to run the Standard Analysis, and whether to
output a species fractions file and/or quarterly model data.
• Output Choice - Advanced. Configure miscellaneous Point Estimate output
files for quality assurance of the PM design value calculations.
• Data Input. Specify the species monitoring data, species fractions file, PM2.5
ambient monitoring data, and the modeling data to use for the design value
calculations.
• Species Fractions Calculation Options. Select the years of daily STN-
IMPROVE and FRM monitoring data and identify valid monitors. Define data
filtering specifications.
• Species Fractions Calculation Options - Advanced. Select the method to
identify peak monitor values. Choose interpolation options for PM2.5 and
species monitoring data. Choose assumptions for the ammonium calculation,
default blank mass, and organic carbon.
• PM2.5 Calculation Options - FRM Monitor Data. Select the years of
quarterly FRM monitoring data and identify valid monitors. Select the approach
for calculating future year ammonium.
• Model Data Options. Specify the maximum distance of monitors from
modeling domain. Choose method to identify peak model values. Specify which
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model grid cells will be used when calculating RRFs at monitor locations.
File ~ Analysis » Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis * Start Page
p|^| Annual PM Analysis
c o
X—
"V Choose Desired Output
! 1 Output Choices-Advanced
' 1 Data Input
' > Species Fraction Options
» 1 PM2.5 Calculation Options
t f Model Data Options
V-
v
Log/Msg
Choose Desired Output
Project Name:
Standard Analysis
03 Interpolate monitor data to FRM monitor sites. Temporal I y-adjust.
Quarterly Model Data
(VI Output quarterly average model data file.
IS Output used quarterly average model data file.
Species Fraction
03 Output species fractions file.
Actions on run completion
0 Automatically extract all selected output files.
Back Next
Clear
Save Project & Run
Save Project
Figure 6-1. Annual PM Analysis initial window
To conduct an attainment test for the annual PM2.5 NAAQS, select Annual PM
Analysis from the Process Data module on the SMAT-CE Start Page. Figure 6-1 shows
the initial window that is displayed when Annual PM Analysis is selected. The box in
the upper left of the window (highlighted in red in Figure 6-1) lists the configuration
steps of the Annual PM Analysis. Each step listed in this box has a different set of
configuration options that are displayed in the Annual PM Analysis window. Once
each step is successfully configured, the yellow buttons in the box will change from
yellow to green. In general, the configuration steps must be followed in order, from top
to bottom, as they are listed in the box. Previously completed steps may be accessed
and modified by double clicking on the step name in the box. Once the configuration
for a step is complete, you may move to the next step by either clicking on it or by
selecting the Next button (shown in the blue box in Figure 6-1).
A previous project may be loaded or a new project may be initiated at any time in the
Annual PM Analysis window by selecting one of the icons to the right of the "Annual
PM Analysis" text above the red box in Figure 6-1.
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Each of the Annual PM Analysis configuration steps are described in the following
sections.
6.1 Choose Desired Output
File " Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis ~ Start Page
pj\/| Annual PM Analysis
OA
! Choose Desired Output
f Output Choices-Advanced
1 Data Input
' Species Fraction Options
' PM2.5 Calculation Options
1 Model Data Options
Log/Msg
Choose Desired Output ©<
Project Name:
Standard Analysis
E3 Interpolate monitor data to FRM monitor sites. Temporally-adjust.
Quarterly Model Data
® Output quarterly average model data file.
M Output used quarterly average model data file.
Species Fraction
0Z3 Output species fractions file,
Actions on run completion
0 Automatically extract all selected output files.
Save Project & Run
Back Next
Save Project
Figure 6-2. Choose Desired Output for Annual PM2.5 Analysis
Choose Desired Output is the first configuration step that is displayed when the
Annual PM Analysis module is selected (Figure 6-2). The blue hyperlinked text in this
window brings up the documentation for this configuration step. The settings in this
step include:
Project Name
Text string to identify this analysis and set the name of the project file
Standard Analysis
Since most Federal Reference Method (FRM) PM2.5 monitoring sites do not have
collocated chemical speciation monitors, spatial interpolation is used to estimate
species data at FRM PM2.5 monitor locations. SMAT-CE provides options to use
different methods for spatially interpolating chemical speciation information to the
FRM monitors. These options are available from the Output Choices-Advanced
configuration window. Complete details of the Standard Analysis approach, including
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the formula used to calculate species concentrations, are available in the U.S. EPA Draft
Modeling Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and
Regional Haze (U.S. EPA, 2014) and in Section 5.1.2 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt,
2014).
Most SMAT-CE users will run the standard analysis and it is checked by default.
Quarterly Model Data
Directs SMAT-CE to calculate and output quarterly averaged modeled PM2.5 data from
daily model data input to the system. SMAT-CE requires two types of data input:
ambient monitor data and gridded model output data. For the annual PM2.5 calculations,
SMAT-CE will accept either SMAT-CE formatted daily average gridded model files or
quarterly average files. If daily average model files are used as inputs, SMAT-CE will
calculate quarterly averages from the daily averages and optionally output the quarterly
average concentrations into text files (CSV files). The quarterly average text files can
then be re-used in subsequent SMAT-CE analyses. Quarterly average input files are
smaller and run faster than daily average files.
There are two options to output quarterly average model concentration CSV files:
• Selecting the Output quarterly average model data file box creates quarterly
average CSV for all grid cells in the modeling domain. SMAT-CE will create
one baseline year file and one future year file. This will create relatively large
files, but they will still be -90 times smaller than daily average files (assuming
a full year of model data).
• Selecting the Output used quarterly average model data file causes SMAT-
CE to output only the grid cells that are subsequently used in the particular
SMAT-CE configuration. For example, if SMAT-CE calculates future year
design values at 20 FRM sites using a 1 X 1 grid array, then SMAT-CE will
output base and future model values for only 20 grid cells (assuming each
monitor is in a unique grid cell). The advantage of these files is that they are
extremely small. But if subsequent SMAT-CE runs use a different set of
monitors or grid arrays, then the files may not contain all of the necessary data
to complete the analysis. This option is recommended as a QAtool to examine
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the grid cells and the model concentrations that SMAT-CE is using in the
analysis.
Additional details of the Quarterly Model Data option are available in Section 5.1.3 of
the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014).
Species Fractions
After calculating the ambient level of SO4, NO3, OC, EC, PBW, NH4, and crustal,
SMAT-CE then divides these ambient levels by the non-blank mass of PM2.5 to calculate
species fractions. Select this box to output a text file of species fractions at each FRM
monitor. This species fraction file can be re-used in MATS as an input file. The species
fraction file can be useful for several reasons. One, using a species fraction file saves
time because MATS won't have to interpolate species data and calculate fractions each
time it is run. Two, it can provide consistency between MATS runs by ensuring that the
same species fractions are used each time. And for the same reason, the species fraction
file can be used interchangeably between different users to ensure that multiple groups
are using the same species fractions (if that is a goal). And finally, the fractions file can
serve as a template for creating a custom species fractions file using whatever data and
techniques (e.g. alternative interpolation techniques) are desired by any particular user.
Additional details of the Species Fractions calculation are available in Section 5.1.4 of
the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014).
Actions on run completion
Checking the "Automatically extract all selected output files" box will export CSV files
of all selected output to a separate folder named with the Project Name in the SMAT
"\Result\Output" folder. The results may also be exported later from the Data Viewer.
6.1.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
The default settings for these options, and the configuration to use for the Eastern U.S.
example project, is to check all of the boxes in the SMAT-CE Choose Desired Output
window. After setting a Project Name and selecting all of the boxes in the window either
click Next or double-click the Output Choices-Advanced button in the upper left-hand
panel of Annual PM Analysis window. The icon next to Choose Desired Output will
turn from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
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6.2 Output Choices-Advanced
File ' Analysis 7 Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Start Page
f'p^l Annual PM Analysis
^ Choose Desired Output
# Output Choices-Advanced
~M .1 Data Input
Hi # Species Fraction Options
Q Log/Msg
PM2.5 Calculation Options
1 Model Data Options
Name Running Messages
Output Choices-Advanced
Spatial Field Estimates
Forecast
—1 Interpolate FRM and speciation monitor data to spatial field.
Temporally adjust (VNA)
|—| Interpolate gradient-adjusted FRM and speciation monitor data
to spatial field. Temporally adjust (eVNA)
|—j Interpolate gradient-adjusted model and monitor data by
Downscaler Algorithm (Downscaler)
Miscellaneous Outputs
Quarterly average files
0 Point
~ Spatial Field (VNA)
V
Back Next
Clear Save Project & Run Save Project
Figure 6-3. Output Choices-Advanced for Annual PM2.5 Analysis
The Output Choices - Advanced configuration step provides detailed control over the
calculations, output, and quality assurance fields used by SMAT-CE (Figure 6-3). The
blue hyperlinked text in this window brings up the documentation for this configuration
step. The settings in this step include the following.
Spatial Field Estimates
This option provides PM2.5 forecasts for each grid cell in the modeling domain (e.g.,
CMAQ 36 km). The Interpolate FRM & speciation monitor data to spatial field.
Temporally-adjust (VNA) option calculates interpolated spatial fields that are
temporally adjusted using the Voronoi Neighbor Averaging (VNA) technique. This
option creates gridded spatial fields of future year PM2.5 data. To create PM2.5 spatial
fields, SMAT-CE interpolates both speciation data and PM2.5 data (FRM and
IMPROVE).
The Interpolate gradient-adjusted FRM & speciation monitor data to spatial field.
Temporally-adjust (eVNA) option calculates interpolated spatial fields that are
temporally adjusted and gradient adjusted. Check this option to create gridded spatial
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fields of gradient adjusted future year PM2.5 data. To create PM2.5 spatial fields, SMAT-
CE interpolates both gradient adjusted speciation data and PM2.5 data (FRM and
IMPROVE). This option creates the recommended spatial fields for the "Unmonitored
Area Analysis" from the PM2.5 modeling guidance.
The Interpolate gradient-adjusted model and monitor data by Downscaler
Algorithm (DS) option calculates interpolated spatial fields by using Markov chain
Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods with Gibbs sampling to develop a relationship between
observed and modeled concentrations, and then predicting concentrations at points in
the spatial domain.
The configuration options in this step provide a variety of output files that can be used
in the quality assurance of the SMAT-CE calculations. The options are organized under
the "Miscellaneous Outputs" heading and include the following.
Quarterly Average Files
Augments the SMAT-CE default of outputting annual average results for all analyses
(point, spatial fields). Checking any one of these boxes will direct SMAT-CE to output
more detailed quarterly average data, which are the basis of all of the SMAT-CE annual
PM2.5 calculations.
High County Sites
Augments the SMAT-CE default of outputting the point results for all FRM sites.
Checking this box will also produce a file that contains the single highest monitor in
each county, based on the highest future year value. This dataset is a subset of the all
sites file.
Species Fractions Spatial Field
Produces the same result as the species fraction file created from the Standard
Analysis except it outputs the species fractions file created from a spatial field. The file
will contain species fraction data for each quarter for each grid cell.
Quarterly Average Speciated Monitors
Directs SMAT-CE to produce a file with the raw quarterly average speciated data that
were used to interpolate species fractions to the FRM monitors. These data are derived
from the "species for fractions" input file.
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Design Value Periods
Directs SMAT-CE to produce a file with the standard SMAT-CE output for each design
period within the period covered by the analysis. By default, SMAT-CE outputs one set
of files covering the entire analysis period specified by the user. The outputs represent
the averages of the values for each 3-year design value period. If the "Output design
value periods" option is checked, SMAT-CE will produce discrete outputs for each
design value period. The output files will be the same as a standard analysis, but with
"Period 1", "Period 2", etc., attached at the end of the name. Selecting this option will
increase the SMAT-CE run time.
Neighbor files
Directs SMAT-CE to produce files of "nearest neighbor" data for the VNA interpolation
scheme. The data include the distance to neighbor monitors and weights used to do the
interpolations. There is information for each FRM monitor (for point analyses) or each
grid cell (for spatial fields) for each quarter and for each species.
Additional details of the Output Choices - Advanced options, including the formats of
the output files from this step, are available in Section 5.2 of the MATS User's Manual
(Abt, 2014).
6.2.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for these options for the Eastern U.S. example project. Either
click Next or double-click the Data Input button in the upper left-hand panel of
Annual PM Analysis window. The button next to Output Choices-Advanced will turn
from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
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6.3 Data Input
File' Analysis ' Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis " Start Page
p|\/| An n u a I PM An aly sis
© ©
:¦ & Choose Desired Output
i Output Choices-Advanced
i ' 1 Data Input
;• * t Species Fraction Options
j ' ' PM2.5 Calculation Options
< > Model Data Options
Data Input
0
Species Data
-
0 Species Monitor Data File
Species-for-fractions-02-10-v3.csv
1 * iL!
Species Fractions File
point "I
spatial ffel v [_
1 1
PM2.5 Monitor Data
Unofficial Daily Average PM2.5 Data File
(for All Species Fraction PM2.5 Spatial Field)
PM25-for-fractions-02-10-v3.csv
1 a 1-
Back Next
Clear ] Save Project & Run
| Save Project J
Log/Msg
Figure 6-4. Data Input for Annual PM2.5 Analysis
The Data Input configuration step sets the ambient PM2.5 species data, PM2.5 monitor
data (FRM and IMPROVE), and the gridded model output data to use for the SMAT-
CE project (Figure 6-4).
There is specific terminology that is used on the Data Input page. "Official" data refers
to PM2.5 FRM data that can be used to determine official design values for compliance
purposes (comparison to the NAAQS). Other datasets which may not have rigid
regulatory significance are sometimes referred to as "unofficial" data. The blue
hyperlinked text in this window brings up the documentation for thi s configuration step.
The settings in this step include:
Species Data
SMAT-CE uses ambient PM2.5 species data to calculate species concentrations at FRM
monitoring sites and spatial fields. Users have a choice of supplying a "Species Monitor
Data File" or a "Species Fractions File".
• Species Monitor Data File. This is the SMAT-CE default of daily average
species data from STN and IMPROVE sites across the country. Users can also
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provide their own ambient data file. MATS uses the daily average species data
to calculate species fractions at each FRM monitor (or at each grid cell, in the
case of spatial fields). The species fraction data is combined with the "unofficial
daily average PM2.5 data" to calculate species concentrations. The default
SMAT-CE species data file contains all available data. However, there is a data
flag to indicate site days that are recommended to be removed from the species
fractions calculations. SMAT-CE has incorporated flagging routines that
remove data that are considered to be outliers and/or incomplete data. Section
5.4.2 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014) describes the flags used in the
species fractions calculations.
• Species Fraction File. An alternative to the Species Monitor Data File. This
file contains pre-calculated species fractions with quarterly species information
for the FRM monitors of interest. SMAT-CE can use a species fractions file
(either "point" or "spatial fields") generated by a previous project. To use an
existing fractions file, enter the correct path to the file in the Data Input window.
When using spatial fields for existing species fractions files, select either
"spatial field" or gradient adjusted spatial fields" from the drop-down box.
PM2.5 Monitor Data
SMAT-CE uses both "official" and "unofficial" data in its calculations.
• Unofficial Daily Average PM2.5 Data File. PM2.5 data that are needed to
calculate species fractions. These data are used in combination with the Species
Monitor Data File. This file is not needed if the user supplies a pre-calculated
species fractions file.
Similar to the Species Monitor Data File, the Unofficial Daily Average PM2.5
Data File contains a data flag to indicate site days that are recommended to be
removed from the species fractions calculations. The flagged data is matched
between the species file and the PM2.5 file so that the same site days are removed.
The PM2.5 data file contains additional data (sites that don't contain speciation
measurements) and therefore has additional flagged site days. These are not the
same data flags that have been identified by State agencies. SMAT-CE has
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incorporated flagging routines that remove data that are considered to be outliers
and/or incomplete data. SMAT-CE users are free to alter the flags as needed for
their applications.
• Official Quarterly Average FRM Data File. The EPA-approved quarterly
average FRM data that have been used to calculate PM2.5 design values. These
data are used to calculate design values and 5 year weighted average design
values as part of the attainment test.
The default data file in SMAT-CE was created by EPA OAQPS. In most cases,
the data should not be altered, however in some cases (e.g. sensitivity analyses)
there may be a need to add or remove data.
A detailed description of the formats of the input data files used in this step, are
available in Section 5.3.2 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014).
Model Data
These are gridded model output from models such as CMAQ or CAMx. The user can
choose either daily model data input or quarterly model data input (which is just a
quarterly average of the daily model data). Either will work for the Annual PM2.5
Analysis. The default setting is daily average data. Model data must be selected for all
SMAT-CE projects. The size of the modeling grid defines the outputs for point estimates
and for spatial fields. For point estimates, SMAT-CE will output the results for all
specified monitors within the domain. For spatial fields, SMAT-CE will create spatial
fields that match the size of the gridded model domain.
SMAT-CE requires both a Baseline File and a Forecast File. The baseline file should be
consistent with the historical monitor data used for the project, and the forecast year is
the future-year of interest.
6.3.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the Data Input options for the Eastern U.S. example project.
Either click Next or double-click the Species Fraction Options button in the upper
left-hand panel of Annual PM Analysis window. The button next to Data Input will
turn from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
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6.4 Species Fraction Options
File ' Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking Start Page
Annual PM Analysis OO
Figure 6-5. Species Fraction Options for Annual PM2.5 Analysis
The Species Fraction Calculation Options configuration step shown in Figure 6-5 has
several options related to the speciated monitor data (IMPROVE and STN) monitor
data and the total PM2.5 monitor data (FRM and IMPROVE). These functions include
identifying the years of monitor data to use in the attainment test, deleting any specific
data values, and choosing the minimum data requirements of monitors to use in the
analysis. These options are listed below.
• IMPROVE-STNMonitor Data. The speciation data from STN and IMPROVE
monitors are interpolated by SMAT-CE in order to provide species data for any
point in a modeling domain. The interpolated species data is used to calculate
species fractions at FRM monitors (point estimates) and/or species fractions at
all grid cells (spatial fields). Note that you do not need to have values for all
species for a monitor to be considered valid, as each species is considered
individually. However, the "EPAFlag" variable in the default "species for
fractions" file has been set so that all monitor days that do not have complete
species data are not used in the calculations (flag = 1). If the user wants to use
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the incomplete species data, the flag should be set to "0".
• PM2.5 Monitor Data. The total PM2.5 data from FRM are used by SMAT-CE to
calculate species fractions for point estimates (in conjunction with the
interpolated speciation data from STN and IMPROVE monitors). The
interpolated species data is used to calculate species fractions at FRM monitors
(point estimates) and/or species fractions at all grid cells (spatial fields).
Monitor Data Years
Use the drop-down menus to choose the three years of monitor data for the Annual
PM2.5 Analysis. The SMAT-CE default is to use the three-year period 2010 to 2012.
(That is, for both IMPROVE-STN and PM2.5 monitor data, the Start Year is 2010 and
the End Year is 2012) The default period is based on a modeling year of 2011. The
start and end years should be changed to applicable time periods, depending on the base
modeling year.
SMAT-CE handles multiple years of data by calculating averages for each species by
quarter and year. SMAT-CE then averages the quarterly values across the years (e.g.,
average quarter 1 values of SO4 across two years to get a single "quarter 1" estimate).
After completing this step, SMAT-CE will have four quarterly estimates for each
species at each monitor. These quarterly values are then ready to be interpolated to
FRM sites or to grid cell centroids in spatial fields.
Delete Specified Data Values
The default is to delete the observations specified by EPA. Valid data are given a value
of "0" and observations that should be deleted are given a value of "1" to "10". There is
also an option for the user to flag data, using the same convention of "0" for valid data
and "1" to "10" for data marked for deletion. If both the EPA-specified and User-
specified flags are checked, then SMAT-CE deletes any observations that are marked
for deletion by either the EPA or the user. These settings make it easy for the user to
flag additional data for removal from the calculations (without deleting the actual
record from the ambient data file). See Section 5.4.2 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt,
2014) for a description of the observational data flags.
Minimum Data Requirements
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There are three sets of minimum data requirements for calculating design values:
• Minimum number of valid days per valid quarter. This is the minimum number
of site-days per valid quarter. The default is 11 days, which corresponds to > 75%
completeness for monitors on a l-in-6 day monitoring schedule. This is the
minimum number of samples that is routinely used in calculations of quarterly
average concentrations.
• Minimum number of valid quarters requiredfor valid season. This is the number
of years of data (within the start year and end year specified) for which there
are valid quarters for a given season. The default value is 1 year. If the value is
set = 2, then there will need to be 2 years of valid data from quarter 1 in order
for quarter one to be considered complete (and the same for the other 3 quarters).
• Minimum number of valid seasons requiredfor valid monitor (point and spatial
fields calculation). This is the number of valid seasons that are needed in order
for a particular monitor's data to be considered valid. The default is 1 for
IMPROVE-STN monitor data and the range is 1-4. For example, if the value is
= 1, then a monitor's data will be used in the species fractions calculations if it
has at least one valid season. If the value = 4, then the site must have all 4
seasons of valid data to be used. The default for PM2.5 depends on whether the
data are used in point calculations (default = 4) or spatial field calculations
(default =1).
Section 5.4.3 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014) shows an example of how the
minimum data requirements are used in calculating averages for monitoring data.
Clicking the Advanced box displays additional Species Fractions Calculations Options.
The Species Fractions Calculation Options - Advanced screen allows you to make
relatively advanced choices for your analysis. Generally speaking, the default options
settings are consistent with the EPA modeling guidance document. One set of options
allows you to specify the interpolation weighting that you want to use and whether the
interpolation involves a maximum distance or not. The second set of options involves
choices regarding ammonium, blank mass, and organic carbon. These options are
described below.
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Interpolation Options
The selections in this section set how SMAT-CE will interpolate, or combine, the values
from different monitors. One approach is to use Inverse Distance Weights, which
assigns a weight to any particular monitor that is inversely proportional to its distance
from the point of interest. A second approach is Inverse Distance Squared Weights,
which means that the weights are inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
And the third approach is Equal Weighting of Monitors. The default approach for PM
is Inverse Distance Squared Weights.
When interpolating monitor values, SMAT-CE identifies monitors based on their
distance away from the point of interest (e.g., the center of a grid cell). The first step in
the interpolation process is to identify the monitors that are nearby, or neighbors, for
each point of interest. The next step is to determine the distance (in kilometers) from
the nearby monitors to the point of interest. The default approach is to include all valid
monitors (i.e., those that satisfy the three criteria in the Species Fractions Calculation
Options panel), regardless of distance. To limit the use of monitors based on distance,
type in the distance in km (e.g., 100) next to the pollutant of interest. Note that a distance
of one hundred (100) kilometers means that any monitors further than 100 kilometers
can no longer be used in the interpolation. If a point of interest has no monitors within
the specified distance, then no value is calculated.
The Miscellaneous Options panel sets the following options for SMAT-CE:
Ammonium
Specify whether to use degree of neutralization (DON) values to calculate ammonium
(NH4) or to use measured ammonium in conjunction with an assumption about the
percentage of NH4 that evaporates. The default option is to use DON values. To use
measured ammonium, click the button and choose aNH4 percentage evaporating (e.g.,
50). The default is "0", which assumes that no ammonium evaporates from the FRM
filters.
Default Blank Mass
The Default Blank Mass option sets default blank mass to the desired level. The default
is 0.5. Either type in or use the arrows to increase or decrease the value.
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Organic Carbon
Set the "floor" and the "ceiling" for the mass balance calculation for organic carbon.
6.4.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the Species Fraction Options for the Eastern U.S. example
project. Either click Next or double-click the PM2.5 Calculation Options button in the
upper left-hand panel of Annual PM Analysis window. The button next to Species
Fraction Options will turn from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
6.5 PM2.5 Calculation Options
File " Analysis ' Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking Start Page
^p|^| Annual PM Analysis
Figure 6-6. PM2.5 Calculation Options for Annual PM2.5 Analysis
The PM2.5 Calculation Options window shown in Figure 6-6 sets the particular years
of monitor data to use from the input file specified in the Data Input window. The
following options are available in this window.
PM2.5 Monitor Data Years
The Start Year and End Year drop-down menu options list the years of available official
PM monitor data to use in the calculation of future PM2.5 design values. The default
approach in SMAT-CE is to use five years of data.
SMAT-CE provides the option to use "official" design values, which are generally
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recommended, or to choose "custom" design values. The custom design values option
requires the specification of the minimum number of observation days in each quarter
and the minimum number of quarters to produce valid design values.
Valid FRM Quarters
Set the minimum number of site-days per valid quarter. The default is 11 days, which
corresponds to > 75% completeness for monitors on a l-in-6 day monitoring schedule.
This is a minimum number of samples that is routinely used in calculations of quarterly
average concentrations.
Valid FRM Design Values
Set the minimum number of quarters for which there are data within three consecutive
design value periods. The default value is 12 quarters. If the value is set to 11, then there
will need to be at least 11 valid quarters (i.e., two years must have 4 valid quarters and
one year must have at least 3 valid quarters.)
Completion Code
Use this variable from the official quarterly PM2.5 monitor database to identify valid
data. As noted above in Section 6.4, the completion code has values of: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;
and the codes are valid for the end year of each three-year design value period. SMAT-
CE uses the completion code variable somewhat differently when using official design
values and when using custom design values:
• When using official data, SMAT-CE will only use completion codes: 1 and 2.
• When using custom data, SMAT-CE will potentially use completion codes: 1, 2,
3, and 4 (if the user specified completion criteria are met).
The following is an explanation of the official EPA completion codes:
• Code " 1"- complete data and violates the NAAQS
• Code "2"- complete data that is below the NAAQS
• Code "3"- incomplete data and violates the NAAQS
• Code "4" - incomplete data that is below the NAAQS
• Code "5" - data that is not comparable to the NAAQS and should not be used.
For example, FRM data collected at a micro-scale site cannot be compared to
the annual PM2.5 NAAQS.
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Valid FRM Monitors
By default, SMAT-CE assumes that there only needs to be one design value for a
monitor to be considered valid. In addition, SMAT-CE assumes that no particular design
value is required, so different monitors with different years of data could be used.
For example, a start year and end year as 2005 and 2009 gives potential 3-year design
values of 2005-2007, 2006-2008, and 2007-2009. When the Minimum Number of
Design Values is set to 1, one monitor could have data for, say, 2005-2007 and another
monitor data for 2006-2008, and both monitors would be used. A Minimum Number of
Design Values setting of 2 would only use monitors that have design values for two of
the three design value periods, ignoring monitors that only have design values for a
single period.
NH4 Future Calculation
SMAT-CE can forecast NH4 in two different ways. The default approach uses base year
DON values. See Section 5.1.2.3 of the MATS User's Manual for details on the forms
of the two equations that are available to forecast NH4.
6.5.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the PM2.5 Calculation Options for the Eastern U.S. example
project. Either click Next or double-click the Model Data Options button in the upper
left-hand panel of Annual PM Analysis window. The button next to PM2.5 Calculation
Options will turn from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
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6.6 Model Data Options
File' Analysis' Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis ~ Start Page
pjy| Annual PM Analysis
oo
Choose Desired Output
^ Output Choices-Advanced
Data Input
Species Fraction Options
M PM2.5 Calculation Options
Model Data Options
Log/Msg
Model Data Options
Temporal adjustment at monitor
Grid for Point Forecast Grid for Spatial Forecast
3x3
lxl
Save Project & Run
Save Project
Running Messages
Figure 6-7. Model Data Options for Annual PM2.5 Analysis
The Model Data Options window shown in Figure 6-7. This window sets the temporal
adjustments for each monitor:
Temporal Adjustment at Monitor
This option specifies how many model grid cells to use in the calculation of RRFs for
point estimates and for spatial estimates. A drop down menu provides options to use
lxl, 3x3, 5x5, and 7x7 arrays of model grid cells. The default for a 12 kilometer by 12
kilometer grid is to use a 3x3 array of grid cells. The U.S. EPA Draft Modeling
Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and Regional Haze
(U.S. EPA, 2014) includes discussion on selecting the appropriate grid call array size
for different model resolutions.
Note that for PM analyses, SMAT-CE calculates mean concentrations across the grid
cell array (as compared to maximum concentrations used for ozone analyses).
6.6.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the Model Data Options for the Eastern U.S. example
project. Either click Next, which will bring up a window prompting to "Save & Run
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Project" or click the Save Project & Run button at the bottom of the SMAT-CE window.
The Annual PM2.5 Analysis project may also be saved without running SMAT-CE by
clicking the Save Project button. A file explorer window will request a filename to
which the project settings will be saved to a *.proj file. This file can be loaded later to
restart the analysis.
For the Eastern U. S. example, select save and run for the Annual PM2.5 Analysis proj ect.
A file explorer window will request a filename (*.proj) to which to save the project
settings. While the Analysis is running, the icon next to Model Data Options will turn
to a running status and status messages will be displayed in the Log & Msg tab on the
right panel of the SMAT-CE main window (Figure 6-8).
File " Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis " Start Page
pfy| Annual PM Analysis
o®
9 Choose Desired Output
(9 Output Choices-Advanced
'4D Data Input
£ Species Fraction Options
^ PM2.5 Calculation Options
<£> Model Data Options I
Log/Msg
Model Data Options
Temporal adjustment at monitor
Grid for Point Forecast Grid for Spa
-I [ui
&
3x3
Tip
Name
Annual PM
Running Messages
Start SMAT-CE 0.29 run 2013/11/26 14:3
Set up model data for calculating RRF: D:\Progr
Running project-
Please wait!
Back Next
Clear Save Project & Run [ Save Project |
Figure 6-8. Annual PM25 Analysis run status
When the Annual PM2.5 Analysis is completed, the Data Viewer will automatically
display in the SMAT-CE main window (Figure 6-9). The Output Files section of the
Data Viewer left panel will display all of output files selected in the Choose Desired
Output and Output Choices-Advanced Annual PM2.5 Analysis windows.
The Data Viewer provides options to display the Annual PM2.5 Analysis results as maps,
bar charts, and tables. Chapter 10 describes how to load and analyze data using the
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SMAT-CE Data Viewer.
File * Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer
Data Viewer
DataError-Checking BenMAP * Single Source Impact Analysis * USA " Start Page
Name
liil Project Name
J SMAT_AnnualPM
^Output Files
j Annual PM25 Point
lD Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
~ Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
_] Baseline Annual Avg Model Data
J Future Annual Avg Model Data
Delta Annual Avg Model Data
j Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
J Quarterly Avg NH4_DON Monitors
J) Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
Quarterly PM25 Point
Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Da
lD Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
lD High County Sites
Ik!)Log & Msg
Load
Extract All
Extract Selected
VNA ») eVNA
Send to BenMAP-CE
Annual PM Analysis
SMAT_AnnualPM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
OQ
SIS
| MaP Data | Chart Log/Msg
Config/Batch
sZSw
Name
Log Messages
H
~ SMAT
AnnualPM Start SMAT-CE 0.66 run 2/14/2017 12:10:25 PM
~
Starting Annual PM Analysis...
~
Read model data "PM_small_USA_12km_2011.csv".
~
Finish reading model data: 22 s.
~
Read model data "PM_small_USA_12km_2018.csv".
~
Finish reading model data: 26 s.
~
Read official PM monitor data "official_annual-PM25_allFRM 121013.c
~
Finish reading official PM monitor data: 0 s.
~
Read unofficial PM monitor data "PM25ForFractions2002to2012.csv".
~
Finish reading unofficial PM monitor data: 4 s.
~
Read species monitor data "SpeciesForFractions2002to2012.csv".
~
Finish reading species monitor data: 2 s.
~
Finish interpolating FRM sites: 6 s.
~
Finish interpolating SI,FRM data to grid. 0 s.
~
Finish computing RRF: 4 s.
~
Finish interpolating Spatial Field: 0 s.
~
Total SMAT-CE run time: 94 s.
~
Finish SMAT-CE run 2/14/2017 12:11:59 PM
« in .
Figure 6-9. Annual PM Analysis Data Viewer
This concludes the chapter on the SMAT-CE Annual PM2.5 Analysis. As described in
this section, details of the calculations and settings used in this analysis are available in
the U.S. EPA Draft Modeling Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone,
PM2.5, and Regional ITaze (U.S. EPA, 2014) and in Chapter 5 of the MATS User's
Manual (Abt, 2014).
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7 Daily PM Analysis
SMAT-CE can forecast daily (24-hour) design values at PM2.5 monitor locations — these
forecasts are referred to as Point Estimates. SMAT-CE can also use a variety of
approaches to calculate design values for a Spatial Field. A Spatial Field refers to a set
of values comprising calculations for each grid cell in a modeling domain from Eulerian
grid models such as CMAQ and CAMx.
The Daily PM Design Value Analysis in SMAT-CE is organized into seven steps. The
steps include the input/output and configuration options for computing ozone design
values. The following configuration steps correspond to different SMAT-CE windows
and are described in detail in this chapter:
• Output Choice. Select whether to run the Standard Analysis, and whether to
output a species fractions file and/or quarterly model data.
• Output Choice - Advanced. Configure miscellaneous Point Estimate output
files for quality assurance of the PM design value calculations.
• Data Input. Specify the species monitoring data, species fractions file, PM2.5
ambient monitoring data, and the modeling data to use for the design value
calculations.
• Species Fractions Calculation Options. Select the years of daily STN-
IMPROVE and FRM monitoring data and identify valid monitors. Define data
filtering specifications.
• Species Fractions Calculation Options - Advanced. Select the method to
identify peak monitor values. Choose interpolation options for PM2.5 and
species monitoring data. Choose assumptions for the ammonium calculation,
default blank mass, and organic carbon.
• PM2.5 Calculation Options - FRM Monitor Data. Select the years of
quarterly FRM monitoring data and identify valid monitors. Select the approach
for calculating future year ammonium.
• Model Data Options. Specify the maximum distance of monitors from
modeling domain. Choose method to identify peak model values. Specify which
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model grid cells will be used when calculating RRFs at monitor locations.
File ~ Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis ' Start Page
PM Daily PM Analysis
IfJi
ri 1 Choose Desired Output
Mi1 Output Choices-Advanced
Ml1 Data Input
i i 1 Species Fraction Options
i ' 1 PM2.5 Calculation Options
' ' Model Data Options
7
Q O
Log/Msg
Choose Desired Output
Project Name:
Standard Analysis
® Interpolate monitor data to FRM monitor sites. Temporally-adjust.
Quarterly Peak Model Data
® Output quarterly peak model data file.
Species Fraction
!?j Output species fractions file.
Actions on run completion
£Zj Automatically extract all selected output files.
Clear
Save Project & Run
Save Project
Figure 7-1. Daily PM Analysis initial window
To conduct an attainment test for the daily PM2.5 NAAQS, select Daily PM Analysis
from the Process Data module on the SMAT-CE Start Page. Figure 7-1 shows the initial
window that is displayed when Daily PM Analysis is selected. The box in the upper left
of the window (highlighted in red in Figure 7-1) lists the configuration steps of the
Daily PM Analysis. Each step listed in this box has a different set of configuration
options that are displayed in the Daily PM Analysis window. Once each step is
successfully configured, the icons next to each step in the box will change from yellow
to green. In general, the configuration steps must be followed in order, from top to
bottom, as they are listed in the box. Previously completed steps may be accessed and
modified by double clicking on the step name in the box. Once the configuration for a
step is complete, you may move to the next step by either clicking on it or by selecting
the Next button (shown in the blue box in Figure 7-1).
A previous project may be loaded or a new project may be initiated at any time in the
Daily PM Analysis window by selecting one of the icons to the right of the "Daily PM
Analysis" text above the red box in Figure 7-1.
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Each of the Daily PM Analysis configuration steps are described in the following
sections.
7.1 Choose Desired Output
File * Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Single Source Impact Analysis " USA - Start Page
p|^| Daily PM Analysis
o®
I Choose Desired Output
I Output Choices-Advanced
1 Data Input
( Species Fraction Options
i PM2.5 Calculation Options
• Model Data Options
©
Choose Desired Output
Project Name:
Standard Analysis
[Z] Interpolate monitor data to FRM monitor sites. Temporally-adjust.
Quarterly Peak Model Data
[Zl Output quarterly peak model data file.
Species Fraction
[V] Output species fractions file.
Actions on run completion
® Automatically extract all selected output files.
Clear
Save Project & Run
Figure 7-2. Choose Desired Output for Daily PM2.5 Analysis
Choose Desired Output is the first configuration step that is displayed when the Daily
PM Analysis module is selected (Figure 7-2). The blue hyperlinked text in this window
brings up the documentation for this configuration step. The settings in this step include:
Project Name
Text string to identify this analysis and set the name of the project file.
Standard Analysis
Since most Federal Reference Method (FRM) PM2.5 monitoring sites do not have
collocated chemical speciation monitors, spatial interpolation is used to estimate
species data at FRM PM2.5 monitor locations. SMAT-CE provides options to use
different methods for spatially interpolating chemical speciation information to the
FRM monitors. These options are available from the PM2.5 Calculation Options
configuration window. Complete details of the Standard Analysis approach, including
the formula used to calculate species concentrations, are available in the U.S. EPA Draft
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Modeling Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and
Regional Haze (U.S. EPA, 2014) and in Section 7.1.2 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt,
2014).
Most SMAT-CE users will run the standard analysis and it is checked by default.
Quarterly Peak Model Data
SMAT-CE requires two types of data input: ambient monitor data and gridded model
output data. For the daily PM2.5 calculations, SMAT-CE will accept either SMAT-CE
formatted daily average gridded model files or quarterly peak average files.
If daily average model files are used as inputs, SMAT-CE will calculate quarterly peak
averages from the daily averages and optionally output the quarterly peak average
concentrations into text files (CSV files). The quarterly average text files can then be
re-used in subsequent SMAT-CE analyses. Quarterly average input files are smaller and
run faster than daily average files. Choosing this option will direct SMAT-CE to
generate two types of quarterly peak average model concentration CSV files:
• All Data. SMAT-CE outputs quarterly peak data for all grid cells in the modeling
domain. MATS will create one baseline year file and one future year file. This
will create relatively large files, but they will still be much smaller than daily
average files.
• Used Data. SMAT-CE outputs quarterly peak data for the grid cells that are
subsequently used in the particular SMAT-CE configuration. For example, if
SMAT-CE calculates future year design values at 20 FRM sites using a 1 X 1
grid array, then SMAT-CE will output base and future model values for only 20
grid cells (assuming each monitor is in a unique grid cell). The advantage of
these files is that they are extremely small. But if subsequent SMAT-CE runs
use a different set of monitors or grid arrays, then the files may not contain all
of the necessary data to complete the analysis. This option is recommended as
a QAtool to examine the grid cells and the model concentrations that MATS is
using in the analysis.
Additional details of the Quarterly Peak Model Data option are available in Section
7.1.3 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014).
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Species Fraction
Checking the "Output species fraction file" box will create an output file containing the
calculated PM2.5 species fractions at each FRM site used by SMAT-CE. Species
fractions are simply the fraction of quarterly average PM2.5 at a given monitor
attributable to seven (and potentially eight) species: nitrate (NO3), sulfate (SO4),
organic carbon (OC), crustal, elemental carbon (EC), ammonium (NH4), and particle-
bound water (PBW). And pending data availability, sea salt can be included as well.
While the default SMAT-CE species files include sea salt data, it is an optional species
in the model files. If base and future year modeled sea salt data are available, a sea salt
RRF will be calculated by SMAT-CE. If the salt data are not available in the model files,
then the sea salt RRF will be set to 1.
This species fraction file can be re-used in SMAT-CE as an input file. The species
fraction file can be useful for several reasons. Using a species fraction file saves time
because SMAT-CE won't have to interpolate species data and calculate fractions each
time it is run. This file can provide consistency between SMAT-CE runs by ensuring
that the same species fractions are used each time. And for the same reason, the species
fraction file can be used interchangeably between different users to ensure that multiple
groups are using the same species fractions (if that is a goal). And finally, the fractions
file can serve as a template for creating a custom species fractions file using whatever
data and techniques (e.g. alternative interpolation techniques) are desired by any
particular user.
Additional details of the Species Fractions calculation are available in Section 7.1.4 of
the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014).
Actions on Run Completion
Checking the "Automatically extract all selected output files" box will export CSV files
of all selected output to a separate folder named with the Project Name in the SMAT
"\Result\Output" folder. The results may also be exported later from the Data Viewer.
7.1.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
The default settings for these options, and the configuration to use for the Eastern U.S.
example project, is to check all of the boxes in the SMAT-CE Choose Desired Output
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window. After setting a Project Name and selecting all of the boxes in the window either
click Next or double-click the Output Choices-Advanced button in the upper left-hand
panel of Daily PM Analysis window. The icon next to Choose Desired Output will
turn from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
7.2 Output Choices-Advanced
File' Analysis' Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis - Start Page
pjy| Daily PM Analysis
o o
Figure 7-3.0utput Choices-Advanced for Daily PM2.5 Analysis
The Output Choices - Advanced configuration step provides detailed control over the
calculations, output, and quality assurance fields used by SMAT-CE (Figure 7-3). The
blue hyperlinked text in this window brings up the documentation for this configuration
step. All of the settings in this step are organized under the "Miscellaneous Outputs"
heading and include the following.
Quarterly Average Files
SMAT-CE outputs by default the 98th percentile design values, which are based on a
weighted average of five years of data. Checking the Point box under Quarterly
average files will direct SMAT-CE to output detailed parameters from the peak
calculations that are the basis of all of the PM design value calculations. Two additional
files are output by SMAT-CE when this option is selected:
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• Daily All Years All Days PM2.5 Point. This file has baseline and future values
for the Top 32 ranked PM2.5 values and constituent species. In addition, it gives
the speciated RRFs.
• Daily All Years High Days PM2.5 Point. This file identifies the 98th percentile
PM2.5 value in the baseline and future for each year at each monitor. Note that
the baseline and future quarters and days may differ.
High County Sites
Augments the SMAT-CE default of outputting the point results for all FRM sites.
Checking this box will also produce a file that contains the single highest monitor in
each county, based on the highest future year value. This dataset is a subset of the all
sites file.
Quarterly Average Speciated Monitors
Directs SMAT-CE to produce a file with the raw quarterly average speciated data that
were used to interpolate species fractions to the FRM monitors. These data are derived
from the "species for fractions" input file.
Design Values Periods
Directs SMAT-CE to produce a file with the standard SMAT-CE output for each design
period within the period covered by the analysis. By default, SMAT-CE outputs one set
of files covering the entire analysis period specified by the user. The outputs represent
the averages of the values for each 3-year design value period. If the "Output design
value periods" option is checked, SMAT-CE will produce discrete outputs for each
design value period. The output files will be the same as a standard analysis, but with
"Period 1", "Period 2", etc., attached at the end of the name. Selecting this option will
increase the SMAT-CE run time.
Neighbor Files
Directs SMAT-CE to produce files of "nearest neighbor" data for the VNA interpolation
scheme. The data include the distance to neighbor monitors and weights used to do the
interpolations. This option will generate information for each FRM monitor (for point
analyses) or each grid cell (for spatial fields) for each quarter and for each species.
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Additional details of the Output Choices - Advanced options, including the formats of
the output files from this step, are available in Section 7.2 of the MATS User's Manual
(Abt, 2014).
7.2.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for these options for the Eastern U.S. example project. Either
click Next or double-click the Data Input button in the upper left-hand panel of the
Daily PM Analysis window. The button next to Output Choices-Advanced will turn
from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
7.3 Data Input
File' Analysis - Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis * Start Page
PM Daily PM Analysis
Choose Desired Output
Output Choices-Advanced
' 1 Data Input
! • Species Fraction Options
j 1 PM2.5 Calculation Options
' 1 Model Data Options
Data Input
Species Data
o Species Monitor Data File
o©
a
Log/Msg
Speci es-for-f ractions-02-10-v3. csv
1
Species Fractions File
point -1
1
spatial ffel ' 1^1
PM2.5 Monitor Data
Unofficial Daily Average PM2.5 Data File
(for All Species Fractions)
PM25-for-f ractions-02-10-v3. csv
I a I
t
~
Back Next
Clear ] Save Project & Run
| Save Project
Running Messages
Figure 7-4. Data Input for Daily PM2.5 Analysis
The Data Input configuration step sets the ambient PM2.5 species data, PM2.5 monitor
data (FRM and IMPROVE), and the gridded model output data to use for the SMAT-
CE project (Figure 7-4).
There is specific terminology that is used on the Data Input page. "Official" data refers
to PM2.5 FRM data that can be used to determine official design values for compliance
purposes (comparison to the NAAQS). Other datasets which may not have rigid
regulatory significance are sometimes referred to as "unofficial" data. The blue
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hyperlinked text in this window brings up the documentation for this configuration step.
The settings in this step include:
Species Data
SMAT-CE uses ambient PM2.5 species data to calculate species concentrations at FRM
monitoring sites and spatial fields. Users have a choice of supplying a "Species Monitor
Data File" or a "Species Fractions File".
• Species Monitor Data File. This is the SMAT-CE default of daily average
species data from STN and IMPROVE sites across the country. Users can also
provide their own ambient data file. MATS uses the daily average species data
to calculate species fractions at each FRM monitor (or at each grid cell, in the
case of spatial fields). The species fraction data is combined with the "unofficial
daily average PM2.5 data" to calculate species concentrations. However, there
is a data flag to indicate site days that are recommended to be removed from the
species fractions calculations. SMAT-CE has incorporated flagging routines that
remove data that are considered to be outliers and/or incomplete data. Section
7.4.2 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014) describes the flags used in the
species fractions calculations.
• Species Fraction File. Alternative to the Species Monitor Data File. This file
contains pre-calculated species fractions with quarterly species information for
the FRM monitors of interest. SMAT-CE can use a species fractions file (either
"point" or "spatial fields") generated by a previous project. To use an existing
fractions file, enter the correct path to the file in the Data Input window. When
using spatial fields for existing species fractions files, select either "spatial field"
or gradient adjusted spatial fields" from the drop-down box.
PM2.5 Monitor Data
SMAT-CE requires model data in the form of a text file. SMAT-CE uses both "official"
and "unofficial" data in its calculations.
• Unofficial Daily Average PM2.5 Data File. PM2.5 data that are needed to
calculate species fractions. These data are used in combination with the Species
Monitor Data File. This file is not needed if the user supplies a pre-calculated
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species fractions file.
Similar to the Species Monitor Data File, the Unofficial Daily Average PM2.5
Data File contains a data flag to indicate site days that are recommended to be
removed from the species fractions calculations. The flagged data is matched
between the species file and the PM2.5 file so that the same site days are removed.
The PM2.5 data file contains additional data (sites that don't contain speciation
measurements) and therefore has additional flagged site days. These are not the
same data flags that have been identified by State agencies. SMAT-CE has
incorporated flagging routines that remove data that are considered to be outliers
and/or incomplete data. SMAT-CE users are free to alter the flags as needed for
their applications.
• Official Quarterly Average FRM Data File. The EPA-approved quarterly
average FRM data that have been used to calculate PM2.5 design values. These
data are used to calculate design values and 5 year weighted average design
values as part of the attainment test.
The default data file in SMAT-CE was created by EPA OAQPS. In most cases,
the data should not be altered, however in some cases (e.g. sensitivity analyses)
there may be a need to add or remove data.
A detailed description of the formats of the input data files used in this step, are
available in Section 7.3.2 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014).
Model Data
These are gridded model output from models such as CMAQ or CAMx. The user can
choose either daily model data input or quarterly model data input (which is just a
quarterly average of the daily model data). Either will work for the Daily PM2.5 Analysis.
The default setting is daily average data. Model data must be selected for all SMAT-CE
projects. The size of the modeling grid defines the outputs for point estimates and for
spatial fields. For point estimates, SMAT-CE will output the results for all specified
monitors within the domain. For spatial fields, SMAT-CE will create spatial fields that
match the size of the gridded model domain.
Subsequent versions of SMAT-CE will support reading directly from CMAQ data files.
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This option is currently greyed out in SMAT-CE.
SMAT-CE requires both a Baseline File and a Forecast File. The baseline file should be
consistent with the historical monitor data used for the project, and the forecast year is
the future-year of interest.
7.3.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the Data Input options for the Eastern U.S. example project.
Either click Next or double-click the Species Fraction Options button in the upper
left-hand panel of Daily PM Analysis window. The button next to Data Input will turn
from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
7.4 Species Fraction Options
File " Analysis T Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking Start Page
pvr\
PM Daily PM Analysis
^ Choose Desired Output
^ Output Choices-Advanced
- Data Input
Species Fraction Options
I I PM2.5 Calculation Options
Model Data Options
Species Fraction Options
IMPROVE-CSN Monitor Data
Monitor Data Years
Start Year 2010
End Year 2012
Delete Specifed Data Values
0 EPA-specified deletions from monitor data
~ User-specified deletions from monitor data
Minimum Data Requirements
Minimum number of valid days per quarter
Minimum number of valid quarters per valid year
rihor of valiH v
Save Project & Run
iiii-pH for valid mnitor 1
Figure 7-5. Species Fraction Options for Daily PM2.5 Analysis
The Species Fraction Calculation Options configuration step shown in Figure 7-5 has
several options related to the speciated monitor data (IMPROVE and STN) monitor
data and the total PM2.5 monitor data (FRM and IMPROVE). These functions include
identifying the years of monitor data to use in the attainment test, deleting any specific
data values, and choosing the minimum data requirements of monitors to use in the
analysis. These options are listed below.
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• IMPROVE-STNMonitor Data. The speciation data from STN and IMPROVE
monitors are interpolated by SMAT-CE in order to provide species data for any
point in a modeling domain. The interpolated species data is used to calculate
species fractions at FRM monitors (point estimates) and/or species fractions at
all grid cells (spatial fields). Note that you do not need to have values for all
species for a monitor to be considered valid, as each species is considered
individually. However, the "EPAFlag" variable in the default "species for
fractions" file has been set so that all monitor days that do not have complete
species data are not used in the calculations (flag = 1). If the user wants to use
the incomplete species data, the flag should be set to "0".
• PM2.5 Monitor Data. The total PM2.5 data from FRM are used by SMAT-CE to
calculate species fractions for point estimates (in conjunction with the
interpolated speciation data from STN and IMPROVE monitors). The
interpolated species data is used to calculate species fractions at FRM monitors
(point estimates) and/or species fractions at all grid cells (spatial fields).
Monitor Data Years
Use the drop down menus to choose the three years of monitor data for the Annual
PM2.5 Analysis. The SMAT-CE default is to use the three-year period 2010 to 2012.
(That is, for both IMPROVE-STN and PM2.5 monitor data, the Start Year is 2010 and
the End Year is 2012) The default period is based on a modeling year of 2011. The
start and end years should be changed to applicable time periods, depending on the base
modeling year.
SMAT-CE handles multiple years of data by calculating averages for each species by
quarter and year. SMAT-CE then averages the quarterly values across the years (e.g.,
average quarter 1 values of SO4 across two years to get a single "quarter 1" estimate).
After completing this step, SMAT-CE will have four quarterly estimates for each
species at each monitor. These quarterly values are then ready to be interpolated to
FRM sites or to grid cell centroids in spatial fields.
Delete Specified Data Values
The default is to delete the observations specified by EPA. Valid data are given a value
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of "0" and observations that should be deleted are given a value of "1" to "10". There is
also an option for the user to flag data, using the same convention of "0" for valid data
and "1" to "10" for data marked for deletion. If both the EPA-specified and User-
specified flags are checked, then SMAT-CE deletes any observations that are marked
for deletion by either the EPA or the user. These settings make it easy for the user to
flag additional data for removal from the calculations (without deleting the actual
record from the ambient data file). See Section 7.4.2 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt,
2014) for a description of the observational data flags.
Minimum Data Requirements
There are three sets of minimum data requirements for calculating design values:
• Minimum number of valid days per valid quarter. This is the minimum number
of site-days per valid quarter. The default is 11 days, which corresponds to > 75%
completeness for monitors on a l-in-6 day monitoring schedule. This is the
minimum number of samples that is routinely used in calculations of quarterly
average concentrations.
• Minimum number of valid quarters requiredfor valid season. This is the number
of years of data (within the start year and end year specified) for which there
are valid quarters for a given season. The default value is 1 year. If the value is
set = 2, then there will need to be 2 years of valid data from quarter 1 in order
for quarter one to be considered complete (and the same for the other 3 quarters).
• Minimum number of valid seasons requiredfor valid monitor (point and spatial
fields calculation). This is the number of valid seasons that are needed in order
for a particular monitor's data to be considered valid. The default is 1 for
IMPROVE-STN monitor data and the range is 1-4. For example, if the value is
= 1, then a monitor's data will be used in the species fractions calculations if it
has at least one valid season. If the value = 4, then the site must have all 4
seasons of valid data to be used. The default for PM2.5 depends on whether the
data are used in point calculations (default = 4) or spatial field calculations
(default =1).
Section 7.4.3 of the MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014) shows an example of how the
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minimum data requirements are used in calculating averages for monitoring data.
Clicking the Advanced box displays additional Species Fractions Calculations Options.
The Species Fractions Calculation Options - Advanced screen allows you to make
relatively advanced choices for your analysis. Generally speaking, the default options
settings are consistent with the EPA modeling guidance document. One set of options
allows you to specify the interpolation weighting that you want to use and whether the
interpolation involves a maximum distance or not. The second set of options involves
choices regarding ammonium, blank mass, and organic carbon. These options are
described below.
Using Monitor Data to Calculate Species Fractions
The Using Monitor Data to Calculate Species Fractions panel sets how IMPROVE
and STN speciated monitor data and ("unofficial") PM2.5 monitor data will be used to
calculate quarterly peak values. Three data filtering options are available to apply to the
averaging calculations:
• Use Top X Percent of Daily Monitor Days. SMAT-CE uses the top "X" percent
of days per quarter to calculate the quarterly peak values. Set the percent cutoff
to use for this option.
• Use All Daily Monitor Values Greater than Fixed Amount (ug/m3). SMAT-CE
averages all monitor values greater than or equal to a concentration cutoff. Set
the concentration cutoff and the minimum number of days greater than or equal
to the cutoff concentration. If there is an insufficient number of days, SMAT-CE
will drop the data for that particular quarter.
• Use Top X Number of Daily Monitor Days. SMAT-CE averages the
concentrations for the top "X" number of days per quarter. Set the number of
days to use for this option.
These three filtering options work in essentially the same way for IMPROVE and STN
speciated monitor data and for ("unofficial") PM2.5 monitor data. Section 7.5.1 of the
MATS User's Manual (Abt, 2014) shows examples of how the data filters are used in
calculating averages for monitoring data.
Note that the IMPROVE and STN speciated monitor data uses the "measured FM"
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variable to identify peak days. Note also that it is possible that the option used to
identify peak days (e.g., Use Top X Percent of Daily Monitor Days) does not give a
unique set of days because a number of days may have the same value.
Interpolation Options
The selections in this section set how SMAT-CE will interpolate, or combine, the values
from different monitors. One approach is to use Inverse Distance Weights, which
assigns a weight to any particular monitor that is inversely proportional to its distance
from the point of interest. A second approach is Inverse Distance Squared Weights,
which means that the weights are inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
And the third approach is Equal Weighting of Monitors. The default approach for PM
is Inverse Distance Squared Weights.
When interpolating monitor values, SMAT-CE identifies monitors based on their
distance away from the point of interest (e.g., the center of a grid cell). The first step in
the interpolation process is to identify the monitors that are nearby, or neighbors, for
each point of interest. The next step is to determine the distance (in kilometers) from
the nearby monitors to the point of interest. The default approach is to include all valid
monitors (i.e., those that satisfy the three criteria in the Species Fractions Calculation
Options panel), regardless of distance. To limit the use of monitors based on distance,
type in the distance in km (e.g., 100) next to the pollutant of interest. Note that a distance
of one hundred (100) kilometers means that any monitors further than 100 kilometers
can no longer be used in the interpolation. If a point of interest has no monitors within
the specified distance, then no value is calculated.
The Miscellaneous Options panel sets the following options for SMAT-CE:
Ammonium
Specify whether to use degree of neutralization (DON) values to calculate ammonium
(NH4) or to use measured ammonium in conjunction with an assumption about the
percentage of NH4 that evaporates. The default option is to use DON values. To use
measured ammonium, click the button and choose aNH4 percentage evaporating (e.g.,
50). The default is "0", which assumes that no ammonium evaporates from the FRM
filters.
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Default Blank Mass
The Default Blank Mass option sets default blank mass to the desired level. The default
is 0.5. Either type in or use the arrows to increase or decrease the value.
Organic Carbon
Set the "floor" and the "ceiling" for the mass balance calculation for organic carbon.
7.4.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the Species Fraction Options for the Eastern U.S. example
project. Either click Next or double-click the PM2.5 Calculation Options button in the
upper left-hand panel of Daily PM Analysis window. The button next to Species
Fraction Options will turn from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
7.5 PM2.5 Calculation Options
File " Analysis ' Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking
Start Page
fpM Daily PM Analysis
© 0
r~® Choose Desired Output
I-# Output Choices-Advanced
'4D Data Input
Log/Msg
i ^ Species Fraction Options
IHIbJ PM2.5 Calculation Options
Name Running Messages
1 Model Data Options
PM2.5 Calculation Options
PM2.5 Monitor Data Years
A
Start Year 2009 ^ End Year 2013
Valid FRM Monitors
Minimum Number of Design Value Periods 1 1
Required Design Value Periods
| None selected Select
NH4 Future Calculation
^ Calculate future year NH4 using base year (constant) DON
values
_ Caln ilatp fi iti ir#» upar NHA 1 icino hatp warNHA snH thp
V
Back Next
Clear Save Project & Run Save Project
Figure 7-6. PM2.5 Calculation Options for Daily PM2.5 Analysis
The PM2.5 Calculation Options window shown in Figure 7-6 sets the particular years
of monitor data to use from the input file specified in the Data Input window. The
following options are available in this window.
PM2.5 Monitor Data Years
The Start Year and End Year drop-down menu options list the years of available official
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PM monitor data to use in the calculation of future PM2.5 design values. The default
approach in SMAT-CE is to use five years of data.
SMAT-CE provides the option to use "official" design values, which are generally
recommended, or to choose "custom" design values. The custom design values option
requires the specification of the minimum number of observation days in each quarter
and the minimum number of quarters to produce valid design values.
Valid FRM Monitors
By default, SMAT-CE assumes that there only needs to be one design value for a
monitor to be considered valid. In addition, SMAT-CE assumes that no particular design
value is required, so different monitors with different years of data could be used.
For example, a start year and end year as 2005 and 2009 gives potential 3-year design
values of 2005-2007, 2006-2008, and 2007-2009. When the Minimum Number of
Design Values is set to 1, one monitor could have data for, say, 2005-2007 and another
monitor data for 2006-2008, and both monitors would be used. A Minimum Number of
Design Values setting of 2 would only use monitors that have design values for two of
the three design value periods, ignoring monitors that only have design values for a
single period.
NH4 Future Calculation
SMAT-CE can forecast NH4 in two different ways. The default approach uses base year
DON values. See Section 7.1.2.4 of the MATS User's Manual for details on the forms
of the two equations that are available to forecast NH4.
7.5.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the PM2.5 Calculation Options for the Eastern U.S. example
project. Either click Next or double-click the Model Data Options button in the upper
left-hand panel of Daily PM Analysis window. The button next to PM2.5 Calculation
Options will turn from yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
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7.6 Model Data Options
File' Analysis' Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis ' Start Page
PM Daily PM Analysis
Choose Desired Output
Output Choices-Advanced
& Data Input
^ Species Fraction Options
PM2.5 Calculation Options
~*S' Model Data Options
Model Data Options
Temporal Adjustment at Monitor
Grid for Point Forecast [ lxl
Grid for Spatial Forecast |~lxl
Statistic I Mean
Advanced Options: RRF Model Values Used
RRF-model values used
° Use top X percent of daily model days
Use all daily model values greater than fixed
amount(ug/m3)
Minimum number of days required above
Clear
Save Project & Run
Figure 7-7. Model Data Options for Daily PM2.5 Analysis
The Model Data Options window shown in Figure 7-7. This window sets the temporal
adjustments for each monitor:
Temporal Adjustment at Monitor
This option specifies how many model grid cells to use in the calculation of RRFs for
point estimates and for spatial estimates. A drop down menu provides options to use
lxl, 3x3, 5x5, and 7x7 arrays of model grid cells. The default for a 12 kilometer by 12
kilometer grid is to use a 3x3 array of grid cells. The U.S. EPA Draft Modeling
Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and Regional Haze
(U.S. EPA, 2014) includes discussion on selecting the appropriate grid call array size
for different model resolutions.
Note that for PM analyses, SMAT-CE calculates mean concentrations across the grid
cell array (as compared to maximum concentrations used for ozone analyses).
Advanced Options: RRF Model Values Used
This option allows presents three different ways to calculate quarterly peak modeled
values: (1) the top X percent of daily model days, (2) all daily model values greater than
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or equal to a specified amount, and (3) the top X number of model days. The three
options are described in Section 7.4: Species Fractions Calculation Options - Advanced.
SMAT-CE determines the peak modeled days by sorting the PM2.5 concentrations in the
baseline model data input file.
7.6.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the Model Data Options for the Eastern U.S. example
project. Either click Next, which will bring up a window prompting to "Save & Run
Proj ect" or click the Save Proj ect & Run button at the bottom of the SMAT-CE window.
The Daily PM2.5 Analysis project may also be saved without running SMAT-CE by
clicking the Save Project button. A file explorer window will request a filename to
which the project settings will be saved to a *.proj file. This file can be loaded later to
restart the analysis.
For the Eastern U.S. example, choosing to save and run the Daily PM2.5 Analysis project.
A file explorer window will request a filename (*.proj) to which to save the project
settings. While the Analysis is running, the icon next to Model Data Options will turn
to a running status and status messages will be displayed in the Log & Msg tab on the
right panel of the SMAT-CE main window (Figure 7-8 ).
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File' Analysis' Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis ' Start Page
Daily PM Analysis
® Choose Desired Output
Output Choices-Advanced
(D Data Input
^ Species Fraction Options
PM2.5 Calculation Options
t > Model Data Options
Model Data Options
Temporal Adjustment at Monitor
Grid for Point Forecast lxl
Grid for Spatial Forecast lxl
Statistic Mean
Advanced Options: RRF Model Values Used
RRF-model values used
© Use top X percent of daily model days
_ Use all daily model values greater than fixed
amount(ug/m3)
Minimum number of days required above
&
_
Log/Msg
Name
Daily PM
I
i
Back Next
Clear Save Project & Run [ Save Project ~]
© O
Running Messages
Start SMAT-CE 0.29 run 2013/11/26 11:5
Set up model data: D:\Program Files (x86)\SMA
Tip
•
Running
Please v
iroject...
ait!
Figure 7-8. Daily PM25 Analysis run status
When the Daily PM2.5 Analysis is completed, the Data Viewer will automatically
display in the SMAT-CE main window (Figure 7-9). The Output Files section of the
Data Viewer left panel will display all of output files selected in the Choose Desired
Output and Output Choices-Advanced Daily PM2.5 Analysis windows.
The Data Viewer provides options to display the Daily PM2.5 Analysis results as maps,
bar charts, and tables. Chapter 10 describes how to load and analyze data using the
SMAT-CE Data Viewer.
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File ' Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP ' Single Source Impact Analysis ~ USA * Start Page
Data Viewer
Name
Wi Project Name
~ SMAT_DailyPM
^Output Files
J Daily PM25 Point
_J Baseline Quarterly Peak Model Data
Future Quarterly Peak Model Data
Delta Quarterly Peak Model Data
Quarterly Peak PM2.5 Monitors
J Quarterly Peak Speciated Monitors
Quarterly Peak NH4_DON Monitors
Quarterly Peak Spec Frac Point
Daily All Years All Days PM25 Point
_] Daily All Years High Days PM25 Point
Used Baseline Quarterly Peak Model D.
_] Used Future Quarterly Peak Model Date
Used Delta Quarterly Peak Model Data
High County Sites
IldLor & Msg
_] Log & Msg
y Configuration & Batch File
Load
II
Extract Ail [ Extract Selected
VNA
eVNA Send to BenMAP-CE
Daily PM Analysis
SMAT_DailyPM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
o ©
ffii
Map Data Chart ^ Log/Msg Config/Batch
Name
Log Messages
~ SMAT DailyPM
Start SMAT-CE 0.66 run 2/15/2017 4:36:26 PM
~
Starting Daily PM Analysis-
~
Read model data "PM_small_USA_12km_2011.csv".
~
Finish reading model data: 27 s.
~
Read model data "PM_small_USA_12km_2018.csv".
~
Finish reading model data: 13 s.
~
Read official PM data "official_24-hr-PM25-0212-v2.csv".
~
Finish reading official PM data: 7 s.
~
Read unofficial PM data "PM25ForFractions2002to2012.csv".
~
Finish reading unofficial PM data: 5 s.
~
Read species monitor data "SpeciesForFractions2002to2012.csv".
~
Finish reading species monitor data: 2 s.
~
Finish interpolating FRM sites temporal adj: 13 s.
~
Total SMAT-CE run time: 111 s.
~
Finish SMAT-CE run 2/15/2017 4:38:17 PM
* !
Ml ~
Figure 7-9. Daily PM Analysis Data Viewer
This concludes the chapter on the SMAT-CE Daily PM2.5 Analysis. As described in this
section, details of the calculations and settings used in this analysis are available in the
U.S. EPA Draft Modeling Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone,
PM2.5, and Regional Haze (U.S. EPA, 2014) and in Section 7 of the MATS User's
Manual (Abt, 2014).
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8 Ozone Analysis
SMAT-CE can forecast design values at ozone monitor locations — these forecasts are
referred to as Point Estimates. SMAT-CE can also use a variety of approaches to
calculate design values for a Spatial Field. A Spatial Field refers to a set of values
comprising calculations for each grid cell in a modeling domain from Eulerian grid
models such as CMAQ and CAMx.
The Ozone Design Value Analysis in SMAT-CE is organized into four steps. The steps
include the input/output and configuration options for computing ozone design values.
The following four configuration steps correspond to different SMAT-CE windows and
are described in detail in this chapter:
• Choose Desired Output. Select point estimates, spatial field estimates, or both.
• Data Input. Specify the air quality modeling and ambient monitoring data to
use for the design value calculations. Specify which model grid cells will be
used when calculating RRFs at monitor locations.
• Filtering Interpolation. Select the monitoring data years, identify valid
monitors, and define the interpolation approach to use when calculating a
Spatial Field.
• RRF and Spatial Gradient. Specify the daily ozone values to use in the
calculation of RRFs and Spatial Gradients.
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File • Analysis ~ Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis ^ Start Page
O; Ozone Analysis
o©
: 1 1 Desired Output
Data Input
1 » Filtering/Interpolation
1 1 RRF/Spatial Gradient
Log/Msg
Choose Desired Output
Project Name:
Point Estimates
Forecast
® Temporally-adjust ozone levels at monitors
Quarterly model data
0 Output quarterly average model data file.
Spatial Field
Interpolate monitor data to spatial field.
Temporally adjust. (VNA)
Interpolate gradient-adjusted monitor data to spatial field.
Temporally adjust. (eVNA)
Save Project & Run
Save Project
Figure 8-1. Ozone Analysis initial window
To conduct an attainment test for the ozone (O3) NAAQS, select Ozone Analysis from
the Process Data module on the SMAT-CE Start Page. Figure 8-1 shows the initial
window that is displayed when Ozone Analysis is selected. The box in the upper left of
the window (highlighted in red in Figure 8-1) lists the configuration steps of the Ozone
Analysis. Each step listed in this box has a different set of configuration options that
are displayed in the Ozone Analysis window. Once each step is successfully
configured, the yellow icons next to each step in the box will change from yellow to
green. In general, the configuration steps must be followed in order, from top to bottom,
as they are listed in the box. Previously completed steps may be accessed and modified
by double clicking on the step name in the box. Once the configuration for a step is
complete, you may move to the next step by either clicking on it or by selecting the
Next button (shown in the blue box in Figure 8-1).
A previous project may be loaded or a new project may be initiated at any time in the
Ozone Analysis window by selecting one of the icons to the right of the "Ozone
Analysis" text above the red box in Figure 8-1.
Each of the Ozone Analysis configuration steps are described in the following sections.
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8.1 Desired Output
File ' Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Start Page
q» Ozone Analysis
rJ Desired Output
rt ' Data Input
: Filtering/Interpolation
! ' » RRF/Spatial Gradient
Log/Msg
Name Running Messages
Desired Output
Project Name:
Point Estimates
Forecast
0 Forecast ozone design values at monitors
Quarterly model data
0 Output used model data file
Spatial Field
j—j Interpolate monitor data to spatial field.
Base year and Future year (VNA)
j—j Interpolate gradient-adjusted monitor data to spatial field.
Base year and Future year (eVNA)
j—j Interpolate gradient-adjusted model and monitor data by
Downscaler Algorithm (Downscaler)
Neighbor File v
Back Next
Clear Save Project & Run Save Project
Figure 8-2. Choose Desired Output for Ozone Analysis
Choose Desired Output is the first configuration step that is displayed when the
Ozone Analysis module is selected (Figure 8-2). The blue hyperlinked text in this
window brings up the documentation for this configuration step. SMAT-CE supports
design value calculations as Point Estimates, which refer to forecasts made at fixed
locations, such as monitors. SMAT-CE can also generate Spatial Fields, which refer
to air pollution estimates made at the center of each grid cell in a specified model
domain. The Spatial Field estimates can be baseline estimates or forecasts, generated
with or without a gradient adjustment.
The settings in this step include:
Project Name
Text string to identify this analysis and set the name of the project file.
Point Estimates
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The calculation of Point Estimates, or future-year ozone levels at monitors, has several
steps. The first step is to calculate the baseline value as a function of up to three design
values. The second step is to use model data to temporally adjust the baseline value.
For details of these calculations see the U.S. EPA Draft Modeling Guidance for
Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and Regional Haze (U.S. EPA, 2014).
• Baseline Ozone. The baseline ozone design value is the simple average of design
values, where the average carries one significant figure to the right of the
decimal point. Generally, design value years should match the modeling data
being used. The EPA modeling guidance recommends using an average of the
3 design values periods which straddle the emissions base year. For example, if
the modeled emissions base year is 2007, then design values from 2005-2007,
2006-2008, and 2007-2009 should be used to compute the baseline ozone. An
average of design values is, in effect, a weighted average of annual averages —
2007 is "weighted" three times, 2006 and 2008 are weighted twice, and 2005
and 2009 are weighted once. This creates a 5-year weighted average design
value which is used to project future air quality levels.
The default design value years in SMAT-CE are the periods 2009-2013, which
assumes a model base year of 2011.
• Temporally Adjusted Ozone. The first step in temporally adjusting baseline
ozone involves identifying the model grid cells near the monitor site. Next,
SMAT-CE calculates the average of daily 8-hour average maximum model
values for both the baseline and future-year model runs, and then takes the ratio
of the two to calculate the RRF. Finally, SMAT-CE calculates the future-year
design value by multiplying the RRF with the baseline design value measured
at the monitor.
The equation for temporally adjusting baseline ozone is as follows:
Monitorifuture = Monitori * RRFi
where:
Moniton, future = future-year ozone design value at monitor site i, measured in
parts per billion (ppb)
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Moniton = baseline ozone design value at monitor site i, measured in ppb
RRFi = relative response factor at monitor site i. The RRF is the ratio of the
future 8-hour daily maximum concentration predicted near a monitor (averaged
over multiple days) to the baseline 8-hour daily maximum concentration
predicted near the monitor (averaged over the same days).
Selecting Forecast ozone design values at monitors configures SMAT-CE to generate
future year design values at each monitor in the modeling domain.
Quarterly Model Data
SMAT-CE calculates and outputs quarterly averaged modeled Ozone data from daily
model data input to the system. SMAT-CE requires two types of data input: ambient
monitor data and gridded model output data. For the annual Ozone calculations, SMAT-
CE will accept either SMAT-CE formatted daily average gridded model files or
quarterly average files. If daily average model files are used as inputs, SMAT-CE will
calculate quarterly averages from the daily averages and optionally output the quarterly
average concentrations into text files (CSV files). The quarterly average text files can
then be re-used in subsequent SMAT-CE analyses. Quarterly average input files are
smaller and run faster than daily average files.
Spatial Field
A Spatial Field refers to air pollution estimates made at the center of each grid cell in a
specified model domain. For example, SMAT-CE may be configured to calculate ozone
design values for each grid cell in a modeling domain.
SMAT-CE calculates three types of ozone-related Spatial Fields:
• Interpolate monitor data to spatialfield. Base year and Future year (VNA). This
is an interpolation of baseline monitor values at each grid cell, including
temporal adjustments to a specified future year. SMAT-CE identifies the
"neighbor" monitors for each grid cell and then calculates an inverse-distance-
weighted average of the monitor values at each grid cell. The future year
forecasts are derived by multiplying the baseline spatial fields with RRFs at
each monitor.
Checking this option will interpolate the data for both the base and future years.
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Upon selecting this option, additional selections become available to interpolate
the monitor values for either the "Base only" or "Future only".
• Interpolate gradient-adjusted monitor data to spatial field. Base year and
Future year (eVNA). This is an interpolation of model-adjusted baseline monitor
values at each grid cell, including temporal adjustments to a specified future
year. SMAT-CE identifies the "neighbor" monitors for each grid cell, it adjusts
the monitor values to account for the modeled spatial gradient, and then
calculates an inverse-distance weighted average of the monitor values. The
future year forecasts are derived by multiplying the gradient-adjusted baseline
spatial fields with RRFs at each monitor.
Checking this option will interpolate the data for both the base and future years.
Upon selecting this option, additional selections become available to interpolate
the monitor values for either the "Base only" or "Future only".
• Interpolate gradient-adjusted model and monitor data by Downscaler
Algorithm (DS). The DS interpolation method is a relatively complex statistical
prediction method, but DS resembles a simple linear regression model with
spatially varying coefficients at a high level. DS uses Markov chain Monte
Carlo (MCMC) methods with Gibbs sampling to develop a relationship between
observed and modeled concentrations, and then use the relationship to predict
concentrations at points in the spatial domain.
Checking this option will interpolate the data for both the base and future years.
Upon selecting this option, additional selections become available to interpolate
the monitor values for either the "Base only" or "Future only".
Selecting each of the interpolation options produce additional configure
Details of the interpolation calculations are available in Section 9.1.3 of the MATS
User's Manual (Abt, 2014).
Neighbor File
Selecting "Spatial Field" directs SMAT-CE to produce files of "nearest neighbor" data
for the VNA interpolation scheme. The data include the distance to neighbor monitors
and weights used to do the interpolations. This option will generate information for
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each monitor (for point analyses) or each grid cell (for spatial fields) for each quarter
and for each species.
Actions on Run Completion
Checking the "Automatically extract all selected output files" box will export CSV files
of all selected output to a separate folder named with the Project Name in the SMAT
"\Result\Output" folder. The results may also be exported later from the Data Viewer.
Design Value Periods
Normally, SMAT-CE will output one set of files covering the entire analysis period
specified by the user. The outputs represent the averages of the values for each 3-year
design value period. If the "Output all design value periods" option is checked, SMAT-
CE will produce discrete outputs for each design value period. The output files will
include a period identifier (e.g., "Period 1", "Period 2") inserted into the file name.
Checking this option will increase the SMAT-CE run time by up to four times.
Base & Future Design Values
The maximum design values are based on the highest future year value from the three
design value periods. These values can be output by checking the "Output Max Design
Values" option. The output file will include "maximum forecast" inserted into the file
name.
8.1.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for these options for the Eastern U.S. example project. Either
click Next or double-click the Data Input button in the upper left-hand panel of the
Ozone Analysis window. The button next to Desired Output will turn from yellow to
green, indicating that this step is complete.
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8.2 Data Input
File " Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP * Single Source Impact Analysis * USA * Start Page
t^(5^ Ozone Analysis
O Qi
& Desired Output
i Filtering/Interpolation
i RRF/Spatial Gradient
fjj Log/Msg
Data Input
Monitor Data
&
Ozone Data MATS_OZONE_DV_2012_V2_off.csv
Model Data
~ Input From CMAQ
Baseline File O3_small_USA_12km_2011.csv
Forecast File O3_small_USA_12km_2018.csv
Using Model Data
Temporal adjustment at monitor
13x3
~] | Maximum-paired in space *
* *
Back Next
Clear
Save Project & Run [ Save Project |
Running Messages
Figure 8-3. Data Input for Ozone Analysis
The Data Input configuration step sets the ambient O3 monitor data and the gridded
model output data to use for the SMAT-CE project (Figure 8-3). This step also sets the
model grid cells to use for calculating RRFs at the monitor locations.
SMAT-CE is pre-loaded with ozone design values at U.S. monitors for the period from
2002-2020. It is also distributed with example ozone model data for 2001 and 2018.
The blue hyperlinked text in this window brings up the documentation for this
configuration step. The settings in this step include:
Monitor Data
Monitor data should be in the form of a simple text file. The first row specifies the
nature or frequency of the data (e.g., Design Value or Day). The second row presents
comma-separated variable names. The third row begins the data values. The table below
shows the format of the ozone monitor data for input to SMAT-CE.
Table 8-1. Ozone monitor data format
Variable
Description
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_ID
The ID is a unique name for each monitor in a
particular location. The default value is the AIRS ID.
(This is a character variable.)
_TYPE
Leave this blank.
LAT
Latitude in decimal degrees. Values in the northern
hemisphere are positive, and those in the southern
hemisphere are negative
LONG
Longitude in decimal degrees. Values in the eastern
hemisphere are positive, and those in the western
hemisphere (e.g., United States) are negative.
DATE
The time period of the monitor observation. As a
convention, the date represents the last year of the
three-year design value period (e.g., 2001 represents
the 1999-2001 design value).
03
Observed monitor value. Note that missing values are
represented by a minus nine (-9).
_STATE_NAME
State name. (This is a character variable.)
_COUNTY_NAME
County name. (This is a character variable.)
Model Data
SMAT-CE requires model data in the form of a text file. A forthcoming feature will
support reading CMAQ output files directly; the Input from CMAQ option is currently
greyed out in SMAT-CE. To compute RRFs and future year design values, SMAT-CE
requires text files of Baseline and Forecast (future) ozone concentrations. The first row
of these text files specifies the frequency of the data (e.g., Day or Hour). The second
row presents comma-separated variable names. The third row begins the data values.
For design value calculations, the ozone model data must be daily 8-hour average
maximum concentrations in each grid cell, lists the file format and descriptions of the
variables in the ozone model data file.
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Table 8-2. Ozone modeling data format
Variable
Description
_ID
The ID is a unique number for each model grid cell in
the air quality model domain. It is generally based on
the column and row identifiers from the air quality
modeling domain. The default convention is to
calculate the ID by multiplying the column identifier by
one thousand (1000) and adding the row identifier.
(This is a character variable.)
_TYPE
Leave this blank.
LAT
Latitude in decimal degrees. Values in the northern
hemisphere are positive, and those in the southern
hemisphere are negative.
LONG
Longitude in decimal degrees. Values in the eastern
hemisphere are positive, and those in the western
hemisphere (e.g., United States) are negative.
DATE
The time period of the monitor observation. As a
convention, the date represents the last year of the
three-year design value period (e.g., 2001 represents
the 1999-2001 design value).
03
Modeled ozone concentration in the form of an 8-hour
average daily maximum. Note that missing values are
represented by a minus nine (-9).
Using Model Data
The RRF for a monitor is calculated from "nearby" model grid cells. For purposes of
this calculation, a monitor is assumed to be at the center of the cell in which it is located,
and this cell is at the center of an array of "nearby" cells. The number of cells considered
"nearby" a monitor is a function of the size of the grid cells used in the modeling. In
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the example case of a 12 km grid, EPA uses as a default 3x3 array of grid cells. See the
U.S. EPA Draft Modeling Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone,
PM2.5, and Regional Haze (U.S. EPA, 2014) for details on how model data arrays are
used in the design value calculation.
With the array size determined, SMAT-CE provides three options for how the modeling
data are extracted from array:
• Maximum. For each day of modeling data, SMAT-CE will identify the highest
8-hour daily maximum among the grid cells in the chosen array. In the case of
a 3x3 array, SMAT-CE will identify the highest daily 8-hour average maximum
from among the nine "nearby" grid cells for each day and for each monitor site.
• Mean. For each day of modeling data, SMAT-CE will average the 8-hour daily
values for the grid cells in the chosen array. In the case of a 3x3 array, SMAT-
CE will average nine values.
• Maximum-paired in space. For each day of modeling data, SMAT-CE will
identify the grid cell with the highest 8-hour daily maximum in the chosen array
in the baseline file, and calculate the RRF using the same grid cell in the control
file.
The default choice for the ozone analysis in SMAT-CE is to use the maximum-paired
in space option to calculate temporally-adjusted ozone concentrations at each monitor.
For monitors located on the border of a modeling domain where it may not be possible
to have a full array of grid cells, SMAT-CE uses as much available modeling data as
possible to fill the array.
See section 9.2.3.1 of the SMAT-CE User's Manual (Abt, 2014) for examples of how
the matrix of grid cells are used to compute RRFs and ozone design values.
8.2.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for these options for the Eastern U.S. example project. Either
click Next or double-click the Filtering/Interpolation button in the upper left-hand
panel of the Ozone Analysis window. The button next to Data Input will turn from
yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
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8.3 Filtering/Interpolation
File - Analysis - Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking Start Page
Ozone Analysis
^ Desired Output
$ Data Input
^ Filtering/Interpolation
RRF/Spatial Gradient
Log/Msg
Name Running Messages
Filtering/Interpolation
©
Choose Ozone Design Values
A,
Start Year 2009-2011 v End Year 2011-2013
1
Valid Ozone Monitors
Minimum Number of Design Values 1
il
Required Design Values
None selected
Select
Default Interpolation Method
Inverse Distance Weights
Q check to set a maximum interpolation distance[km]
ioo ; |
i
Back
Next
Clear Save Project & Run Save Project
Figure 8-4. Filtering/Interpolation for Ozone Analysis
The Filtering and Interpolation window (Figure 8-4) identifies the years of monitor
data to use for calculating RRFs, sets the monitors to use in the analysis, and specifies
the interpolation method to use when calculating spatial fields.
The blue hyperlinked text in this window brings up the documentation for this
configuration step. The settings in this step include:
Choose Ozone Design Values
Setting the Start Year and the End Year defines the range of the ozone design values
that will be used in the calculation of the baseline ozone level. You can vary the number
of design values used in this calculation. The default in SMAT-CE is to use a 5-year
design value period (three design values) centered on the 2011 base year. Abase year
of 2011 uses the following design value periods: 2009-2011, 2010-2012, and 2011-2013.
The Start Year is set to 2009-2011 and the End Year is set to 2011-2013.
Valid Ozone Monitors
MATS provides two choices for identifying monitors that are "valid" and thus included
in your analysis:
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• Minimum Number of Design Values. Specifies the minimum number of design
value periods that need to be included in the calculation of the baseline ozone
design value (1,2, or 3). The default option is to require the one design value be
available in the specified range of dates.
• Required Design Values. Specifies whether a particular design value period
needs to be valid for the calculations to be performed at that monitor. The default
option is None Selected.
Default Interpolation Method
The Default Interpolation Method sets the interpolation method to use for combining
the values from different monitors. One approach is to use Inverse Distance Weights
such that the weight given to any particular monitor is inversely proportional to its
distance from the point of interest. A second approach is Inverse Distance Squared
Weights, in which the weights are inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
And the third approach is Equal Weighting of Monitors. The default approach for ozone
is Inverse Distance Weights.
The first step in the interpolation process is to identify the monitors that are nearby, or
neighbors, for each point of interest. The next step is to determine the distance from the
nearby monitors to the point of interest. The default approach in SMAT-CE is to include
all valid monitors (i.e., those that satisfy the two criteria under Valid Ozone Monitors),
regardless of distance. If you want to limit the use of monitors based on distance, select
check to set a maximum interpolation distance, and then specify a distance (in
kilometers). A distance of one hundred (100) kilometers means that any monitors more
than 100 kilometers from the point of interest can no longer be used in the interpolation.
If a point of interest has no monitors within the specified distance, then no value is
calculated. The default is to leave this box unchecked.
The interpolation method option is only used when generating estimates for Spatial
Field. Since the ozone analysis only uses point estimates, the interpolation method is
not active.
8.3.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
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Use the default settings for these options for the Eastern U.S. example project. Either
click Next or double-click the RRF/Spatial Gradient button in the upper left-hand
panel of the Ozone Analysis window. The button next to Data Input will turn from
yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
8.4 RRF/Spatial Gradient
In calculating an ozone RRF or a Spatial Gradient not all of the model data are typically
used. In the case of RRFs, daily values falling below specified thresholds can be
excluded from the calculation. In the case of a spatial gradient, SMAT-CE may be setup
to follow the same thresholds as used for point estimates. If a valid result is needed
in all grid cells a Backstop minimum threshold can be used. A sub-range of days to be
included in the RRF calculation may also be specified along with whether to pair the
days by high concentration rather than by date. SMAT-CE can also average a user-
specified range of values to calculate gradient adjustments.
The blue hyperlinked text in this window brings up the documentation for this
configuration step. The settings in this step include:
RRF Setup
The RRF Setup involves four variables that specify the thresholds and the numbers of
days above the thresholds — Initial threshold value; Minimum number of days in
baseline at or above threshold; Minimum allowable threshold value; and Min number
of days at or above minimum allowable threshold.
The first step in calculating the RRF is to determine the days to use in the RRF
calculation. Select to either use the highest concentration days (i.e., a specified number
of highest ozone days) or the number of days above a concentration threshold. If the
number of days is above the Minimum number of days in baseline at or above threshold,
then SMAT-CE averages the 8-hour values for those grid cells with at least this
concentration.
SMAT-CE performs the following steps in calculating RRFs:
• In the case of a 3x3 array, SMAT-CE identifies the highest daily 8-hour average
maximum from among the nine "nearby" grid cells for each day and for each
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monitor site. In the case where there are 90 days of model outputs, SMAT-CE
generates 90 daily values.
SMAT-CE can do this calculation separately for the baseline and future-year
scenarios. If you chose an option other than "Maximum - paired in space" under
the Data Input menu, two different grid cells in the baseline and future-year
might be used to represent a given day.
• If the Top X modeled ozone days option is selected, SMAT-CE will select the
specified number of days based on their ranking by value and date. If there are
fewer days above the minimum allowable threshold than specified, then the
monitor site will be dropped. Otherwise the selected days will be used in
computing the RRF.
• If the Initial threshold value option is selected, SMAT-CE will find the days
with concentrations above the specified threshold and average the
concentrations across all of the selected days. The Minimum number of days in
baseline at or above threshold setting is used to set the minimum number days
required for a valid calculation. If SMAT-CE does not find the minimum
number of days above the specified threshold, it will lower the threshold
concentration by 1 ppb to try to meet the minimum number of day criterion.
SMAT-CE will iterate on this approach until the minimum number of days is
met.
• The default Minimum allowable threshold value in SMAT-CE is 60 ppb. If there
are fewer days with concentrations above this threshold value than is set by the
Min number of days at or above minimum allowable threshold, then the monitor
site will be dropped from the RRF calculations. The SMAT-CE default setting
for the Min number of days at or above minimum allowable threshold is 5.
SMAT-CE checks the daily 8-hour maxima calculated for the baseline scenario,
and sets to missing any daily value falling below the minimum allowable
concentration threshold. For all days set to missing in the baseline scenario,
SMAT-CE also sets the corresponding day in the future-year scenario to missing.
• By enabling the Backstop minimum thresholdfor spatial fields, a lower bound
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concentration is set for the iterative lowering of the minimum concentration
when SMAT-CE is trying to meet the minimum number of days criteria in the
RRF calculation. The backstop threshold is only used for grid cells which do
not have enough days above the minimum allowable threshold concentration
to meet the minimum number of days criteria. The backstop threshold does not
change the calculation for grid cells that already meet the minimum number of
days.
• SMAT-CE also supports using date ranges to define an ozone season to use for
RRF calculations. The Subrange first day of ozone season used in RRF and
Subrange last day of ozone season used in RRF set the start day and end day of
the subrange based on a count of the number of days from the first day in the
modeled ozone concentration file. For example, if the model files contained
data for June 1 through August 30, a subrange start and end day of "31" and
"61" respectively would specify the period for July 1 through July 31.
• The Pair days based on high concentration instead of date option is available
for simulations in which the future year meteorology is different than the base
year (such as climate modeling). SMAT-CE will pair the future year highest
concentrations with the highest concentrations in the base year file, regardless
of date. The number of days in the RRF will continue to be based on the
threshold variables. For example, if eleven days are greater than the selected
threshold in the base year, then the RRF will be calculated based on the eleven
highest base and future year concentration days.
• For each monitor site, SMAT-CE averages the non-missing daily values for the
baseline and future-year scenarios, and then calculates the RRF as the ratio of
the future-year average concentration to the baseline average concentration.
Spatial Gradient Setup
In using a spatial gradient to estimate ozone levels, SMAT-CE estimates ozone levels
in unmonitored locations by using the values of nearby monitored data scaled by a ratio
of model values. The ratio, or spatial gradient, is a mean of model values at the
unmonitored location over the mean of the model values at a monitor.
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Note that several "nearby" monitors (and their associated model values) are used in the
calculation of ozone values at an unmonitored location. SMAT-CE uses a process called
Voronoi Neighbor Averaging (VNA) to identify these neighbors, and then takes an
inverse distance-weighted average of these monitors.
SMAT-CE sorts the daily 8-hour maximum ozone values from high to low, averages a
certain number of these values (by default the top five), and then uses these averages in
the calculation of the spatial gradient. Note that the highest days for Cell A and Cell E
are determined independently of each other.
To select a different set of days for the gradient adjustment, set the Start Value and End
Value. SMAT-CE assigns an index value of 1 to the highest daily 8-hour maximum
ozone value in each grid cell, the second-highest an index value of 2, etc. Use the Start
Value and the End Value to identify the values to average by using these indices.
Since point estimates are currently only available for ozone design values in SMAT-CE,
the Spatial Gradient Setup option is not active.
Detailed examples of the RRF calculations are available in Section 9.4.1 of the MATS
User's Manual (Abt, 2014).
8.4.1 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the RRF/Spatial Gradient options for the Eastern U.S.
example project. Either click Next, which will bring up a window prompting to "Save
& Run Project" or click the Save Project & Run button at the bottom of the SMAT-
CE window.
The Ozone Analysis project may also be saved without running SMAT-CE by clicking
the Save Project button. A file explorer window will request a filename to which the
project settings will be saved to a *.proj file. This file can be loaded later to restart the
analysis.
For the Eastern U.S. example, select save and run for the Ozone Analysis project. A file
explorer window will request a filename (*.proj) to which to save the project settings.
While the Analysis is running, the icon next to Model Data Options will turn to a
running status and status messages will be displayed in the Log & Msg tab on the right
panel of the SMAT-CE main window (Figure 8-5).
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File " Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis * Start Page
O, Ozone Analysis
R
oa
«pi.gna;i.insn
<0 Data Input
H Filtering/Interpolation
F<£> RRF/Spatial Gradient!
Name
Running Messages
Ozone
Start SMAT-CE 0.29 run 2013/11/25 17:1
Setting up run structure..,
Finish reading monitor data: 0 s.
RRF/Soatial Gradient
©
*
RRF Setup
Tip
Initial threshold value (ppb)
Minimum number of days in baseline at or abo
threshold
Running project...
Please wait!
Minimum allowable threshold value 70
Min number of days at or above minimum allowable ^
threshold
O Enable backstop minimum threshold for spatial fields
Backstop minimum threshold for spatial fields
Subrange first day of ozone season used in RRF 1
Subrange last day of ozone season used in RRF 153 4 -
Back Next
Clear | Save Project & Run
| Save Project
4 1
in | ~
Figure 8-5. Ozone Analysis run status
When the Ozone Analysis is completed, the Data Viewer will automatically display in
the SMAT-CE main window (Figure 8-6). The Output Files section of the Data Viewer
left panel will display all of output files selected in the Desired Output Ozone Analysis
window.
The Data Viewer provides options to display the Ozone Analysis results as maps, bar
charts, and tables. Chapter 10 describes how to load and analyze data using the SMAT-
CE Data Viewer.
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File * Analysis ' Data Viewer Expand Viewer
m
Data Viewer
Name
Cl2lProject Name
[j Ozone
^Output Files
[3 - Monitors -- monitor data, temporally adj
CD - Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
3 - Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
[j - Monitors — county high monitoring sites
ll2lLog & Msg
Q) Log & Msg
^Configuration & Batch File
~ Configuration & Batch File
Load | [ Extract All | | Extract Selected"
Output for BenMAP
Link to BenMAP
Single Source Impact Analysis " Start Page
Ozone
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to
view data & m?
P)
Map | Jj GIS Data
Chart
Log/Msg "" Config/Batch
Name Log Messages
~ Ozone Start SMAT-CE 0.29 run 2013/11/26 12:02:42
0 Setting up run structure...
0 Finish reading monitor data: 0 s.
Finish reading data: D:\Program Files (x86)\SMAT-CE\Data\SampleDatc
0 Finish reading model data: 15 s.
0 Finish computing gradient structures: 5 s.
0 Finish creating required averages: 26 s.
~ Finish interpolating spatial field: 0 s.
0 Total SMAT-CE run time: 78 s.
D Finish SMAT-CE run 2013/11/26 12:04:00
Figure 8-6.0zone Analysis data viewer
This concludes the chapter on the SMAT-CE Ozone Analysis. As described in this
section, details of the calculations and settings used in this analysis are available in the
U.S. EPA Draft Modeling Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone,
PM2.5, and Regional Haze (U.S. EPA, 2014) and in Chapter 9 of the MATS User's
Manual (Abt, 2014).
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9 Visibility Analysis
SMAT-CE can calculate baseline and future-year visibility levels for the best and worst
days for Class I Areas — these estimates are referred to as Point Estimates, as they refer
to particular locations.
The Visibility Analysis in SMAT-CE is organized into three steps. The steps include the
input/output and configuration options for conducting visibility analysis. The following
configuration steps correspond to different SMAT-CE windows and are described in
detail in this chapter:
• Choose Desired Output. Select whether to calculate Point Estimates at
IMPROVE monitors or at Class I Area centroids and whether to use the old or
new version of the IMPROVE visibility equation.
• Data Input. Specify the air modeling and monitoring data that you want to use.
Specify which model grid cells will be used when calculating RRFs at monitor
locations.
• Filtering. Choose the years of monitoring data. Identify valid monitors.
Refer to the EPA Visibility and Regional Haze1 webpage for the latest guidance and
data related to Visibility Analysis.
1 https://www.epa.gov/visibility
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File' Analysis' Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis » Start Page
Haze Visibility Analysis
Q ©
i Choose Desired Output
i Data Input
' Filtering
Log/Msg
Choose Desired Output
Point Estimates
Project Name:
Forecast
I?] Temporal I y-adjust visibility levels at Class I Areas
IMPROVE Algorithm
O Use old version ® Use new version
o Use model grid cells at monitor
Use model grid cells at Class 1 area centroid
Actions on run completion
'* ~)
Back Next J
Clear
Save Project & Run
Save Project
Figure 9-1. Visibility Analysis initial window
To conduct a visibility analysis, select Visibility Analysis from the Process Data
module on the SMAT-CE Start Page. Figure 9-1 shows the initial window that is
displayed when Visibility Analysis is selected. The box in the upper left of the window
lists the configuration steps of the Visibility Analysis. Each step listed in this box has a
different set of configuration options that are displayed in the Visibility Analysis
window. Once each step is successfully configured, the icons next to each step in the
box will change from yellow to green. In general, the configuration steps must be
followed in order, from top to bottom, as they are listed in the box. Previously
completed steps may be accessed and modified by double clicking on the step name in
the box. Once the configuration for a step is complete, you may move to the next step
by either clicking on it or by selecting the Next button.
A previous project may be loaded or a new project may be initiated at any time in the
Visibility Analysis window by selecting one of the icons to the right of the "Visibility
Analysis" text shown in Figure 9-1.
Each of the Visibility Analysis configuration steps are described in the following
sections.
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9.1 Choose Desired Output
File T Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP - Start Page
C*Haze Visibility Analysis
Figure 9-2. Choose Desired Output for Visibility Analysis
Choose Desired Output is the first configuration step that is displayed when the
Visibility Analysis module is selected (Figure 9-2). The blue hyperlinked text in this
window brings up the documentation for this configuration step. The settings in this
step include:
9.1.1 Project Name
Text string to identify this analysis and set the name of the project file.
9.1.2 Forecast
SMAT-CE supports to use the "Use old version" or "Use new version" of the IMPROVE
Algorithm (IMPROVE,2006), which SMAT uses to translate PM levels (measured in
ug/m3) to visibility levels (measured in extinction or deciviews). Note that "Use old
version" of the IMPROVE Algorithm is still under development.
SMAT-CE includes two options for how model data are selected for the visibility RRF
calculation. When forecasting visibility, SMAT-CE can calculate RRFs from model data
at either the grid cell containing the monitor or at the centroid of the Class I Area.
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Monitors assigned to represent a Class I Area are generally close to the Class I Area.
However, in some cases, this distance can be substantial. For example, the YELL2
monitor in Wyoming (44.5653 latitude, -110.4002 longitude) is located more than a
degree longitude away from the Red Rocks Lake Class I Area (44.64 latitude, -111.78
longitude). By default, SMAT-CE uses model data at the monitor.
SMAT-CE produces a forecast of visibility in Class I Areas through the following steps:
• Identify best & worst visibility monitor days in Base Model Year. Use
monitored total extinction data from a user-specified year to identify the 20%
best (B20) and 20% worst (W20) visibility days at each Class I area. At this
stage SMAT-CE is using extinction values (measured in Mm"1). By the end of
this series of calculations, SMAT-CE will convert these extinction visibility
measures to deciviews.
Note that you specify the particular year, the Base Model Year, from the
available monitoring data in the Filtering window. SMAT-CE labels the year of
monitoring data as the Base Model Year, because this particular year of monitor
data matches the baseline model data, specified in the Data Input window.
• Average best & worst baseline model days. Using baseline speciated model data
(specified in the Data Input window), average the B20 visibility days and then
average the W20 visibility days at each Class I areas (matched with the ambient
data). The model data comes into SMAT-CE as speciated values with units in
ug/m3. These data are averaged to produce speciated baseline concentrations for
the B20 and W20 days with units of ug/m3.
• Average best & worst forecast model days. Calculate these same averages for
the forecast model data (specified in the Data Input window). Identify the same
B20 and W20 days from the model results and then average the speciated model
data (reported in ug/m3). These data are averaged to produce speciated forecast
(future) concentrations for the B20 and W20 days with units of ug/m3.
• Calculate RRFs. Use the speciated B20 and W20 averages from the baseline
and forecast model data to calculate B20 and W20 RRFs for each species at
each Class I area. The B20 RRF is simply the ratio of the baseline B20 average
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to the forecast B20 average. The result of this step will be two unitless RRFs for
each species at each Class I area.
• Identify best & worst visibility days in other monitored years. Using the
monitored total extinction, identify the B20 visibility days and the W20
visibility days from the other available years of monitoring data. The default in
SMAT-CE is that there should be at least three valid years and one of those years
should be the base modeling year (the base meteorological year). (Monitor
validity is discussed further in the section on the Visibility Analysis Filtering
window.)
Note that the B20 days will occur on a different set of days for each year;
similarly, the W20 days will occur on a different set of days for each year.
• Multiply RRFs with speciated monitor data from each year. Multiply the
species specific B20 RRF (unitless) with the B20 daily speciated monitor
values (measured in ug/m3) from each of the available years. Do analogous
calculations for the W20 days.
Note that the RRF is based on best/worst days identified from the base model
year. This same "Base Model Year" RRF is used with all of the valid monitor
years. For example, if the Base Model Year is 2001, then the RRF developed
from 2001 modeling data will be applied to all valid monitoring data in the five
year period surrounding the model year.
• Convert ug/m3 values to daily extinction values and sum to get total
extinction. For each day in each valid monitor year (for both the baseline and
forecast), use either the new or old IMPROVE equation to estimate daily total
extinction (measured in Mm"1). After this calculation, there will be a set of total
extinction values for B20 and W20 days in each valid year for both the baseline
and the forecast.
• Convert extinction to deciviews. For each valid year in both the baseline and
forecast, convert the B20 and W20 daily averages from Mm"1 to deciviews. The
formula for this conversion is as follows:
Deciviews = 10*ln(extincti on/10)
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• Average daily B20 days and W20 days. For each valid year, average the daily
deciview values from the B20 visibility days and calculate the same average for
the W20 visibility days. There will be up to five "best" averages and "worst"
total visibility measures (measured in deciviews) for both the baseline and the
forecast.
• Calculate final average. Average the valid B20 and W20 yearly visibility
measures. The final result will be a single "best" value and a single "worst"
deciview estimate at each Class I Area for both the baseline and forecast.
9.1.3 "Use new version" of the IMPROVE Algorithm:
The "Use new version" of the IMPROVE algorithm has a number of additional terms,
in relation to the Old IMPROVE equation. In particular, it takes into account the
different effects of small and large sulfate, nitrate, and organic carbon particles. A
separate equation defining small and large is given below.
bext = 2.2*fs(RH)*[SMALL_AMM_S04] + 4.8*fi(RH)*[LARGE_AMM_S04]
+ 2.4*fs(RH)*[SMALL_AMM_N03] + 5.1*fi(RH)*[LARGE_AMM_N03]
+ 2.8*[SMALL_OMC] + 6.1*[LARGE_OMC]
+ 10*EC
+ CRUSTAL
+ 0.6*CM
+ S SRAYLEIGH
+ 1.7*fss(RH)*SEA_SALT
+ 0.33*NO2.
where:
bext = total extinction (measured in inverse megameters)
fs(RH) = term to account for enhancement of light scattering due to hydroscopic
growth of small ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate (unitless)
fi(RH) = term to account for enhancement of light scattering due to hydroscopic
growth of large ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate (unitless)
SMALL_AMM_S04 = small ammonium sulfate (ug/m3)
LARGE AMM S04 = large ammonium sulfate (ug/m3)
SMALL_AMM_N03 = small ammonium nitrate (ug/m3)
LARGE_AMM_N03 = large ammonium nitrate (ug/m3)
SMALL OMC = small organic carbon mass (ug/rm) (OC*1.8)
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LARGEOMC = large organic carbon mass (ug/m3) (OC*1.8)
EC = elemental carbon (ug/rm)
CRUSTAL = fine soil (ug/rm)
CM = coarse particulate matter (ug/rm)
SSRAYLEIGH = Site-specific Rayleigh scattering (inverse megameters)
fss(RH) = term to account for enhancement of light scattering due to hydroscopic
growth of sea salt (unitless)
SEA_SALT = Sea salt (ug/rm)
N02 = Nitrogen dioxide levels (parts per billion). This term is assumed to be zero.
The apportionment of the total concentration of sulfate compounds into the
concentrations of the small and large size fractions is accomplished using the
following equations:
[Large Sulfate] = [Total Sulfate]/20ug/m3 x [Total Sulfate], for [Total Sulfate] < 20
ug/m3
[Large Sulfate] = [Total Sulfate], for [Total Sulfate] >= 20 ug/m3
[Small Sulfate] = [Total Sulfate] - [Large Sulfate]
The same equations are used to apportion total nitrate and total organic mass
concentrations into the small and large size fractions.
Example Calculation New IMPROVE Algorithm
The first column "bext" presents the calculated value given the following data.
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bext
JD
LAT
LONG
DATE
FRH
FSRH
FLRH
FSSRH
SS_RAYLEIGH
71.52
ACAD1
44.3771
-68.261
20000101
3.22
3.82
2.75
3.91
12
24.51
ACAD1
44.3771
-68.261
20000105
3.22
3.82
2 75
3.91
12
34.45
ACAD1
44.3771
-68.261
20000108
3.22
3.82
2.75
3.91
12
38.10
ACAD1
44.3771
-68.261
20000112
3.22
382
2.75
3,91
12
35.45
ACAD1
44.3771
-68.261
20000115
3.22
3.82
2.75
3.91
12
40 22
ACAD1
44.3771
-68.261
20000119
3.22
382
2.75
3.91
12
43.92
ACAD1
44.3771
-68.261
20000122
3.22
3.82
2 75
3.91
12
SEA_SALT
CRUSTAL
AMMJM03
OMC
EC
PM10
CM
AMM_S04
LARGE_OMC
SMALL_OMC
0
0 22
1.02
2.63
1.12
11.05
2.99
309
035
2.29
0
0.12
0.11
0.49
0.07
2.72
0.89
1.01
0.01
0.48
0
0.13
0.24
1.22
0 15
4.94
1.69
1 58
0.07
115
0
0.14
0.22
0.89
0.19
7.82
4.48
1.89
004
0 85
0.55116
0.16
0.19
0.93
0.19
5.53
2.65
1.33
0.04
0.89
0
0.18
0.60
1.85
0.30
5.03
0 95
1 49
0 17
1.68
0.192906
0.46
0.37
J.02
0.16
19.56
15.77
1.44
0.05
0.97
LARGE AMM S04
SMALL AMM S04
LARGE AMM N03
SMALL AMM N03
0.48
2.61
0.05
0,97
0.05
0.96
0.00
0.11
0.13
1.46
0.00
0.24
0.18
1.71
0.00
0.22
0.09
1.24
0.00
0.19
0 11
1.38
0.02
0.59
0.10
1.34
0.01
0.37
Additional details of the visibility forecasting approach using by SMAT-CE, including
the forms of the new and old IMPROVE equations, are available in the U.S. EPA Draft
Modeling Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and
Regional Haze (U.S. EPA, 2014) and in Section 11.1.2 of the MATS User's Manual
(Abt, 2014).
9.1.4 Actions on Run Completion
By checking Automatically extract all selected output files SMAT-CE will generate
the following five output files:
• Visibility forecast (average of design values). (Up to) five year average of
forecasted and base-year average visibility. When Use model grid cells at
monitor is selected, the name of this output file is "Forecasted Visibility
Data.csv" with the Scenario Name appended at the beginning. When Use model
grid cells at Class 1 area centroid is selected the name of this output file is
"Forecasted Visibility Data for Class 1 Areas.csv" plus the Scenario Name.
• Visibility forecast (all design values). Forecasted and base-year values for
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individual years. The name of this file is "Forecasted Visibility - all design
values.csv" plus the Scenario Name.
• Class I areas and the monitors. The list of all of the Class I areas and the
monitors assigned to each. The name of this file is "Class 1 Area and IMPROVE
Monitor Identifiers and Locations.csv" plus the Scenario Name.
• Base-year model data. The base year model values for PM species for the grid
cells and days used in the RRF calculations. The name of this file is: "Used
Model Grid Cells - Base Data.csv" plus the Scenario Name.
• Future-year model data. This future year model values for PM species for the
grid cells and days used in the RRF calculations. The name of this file is: "Used
Model Grid Cells - Future Data.csv" plus the Scenario Name.
9.1.5 Visibility Output Variable Description
9.1.5.1 Forecasted Visibility Data.csv (average of design values)
The table below describes the variables in the output file. The first row specifies
the frequency of the data (e.g., Year). The second row presents comma-separated
variable names. The third row begins the data values. Note that the output data
includes a large number of variables, so in the sample output below we have divided
the variables into two blocks. In a file actually generated by SMAT-CE, these two
blocks would be combined. Note also that the variables output by SMAT-CE depend
on whether you have specified using model data at the monitor or model data at the
center of the Class I Area. This is detailed in the description table below.
Var Name
Description
siteid
IMPROVE monitor identification code (text)
type
Leave blank
date
Meteorological modeling year (used to identify the 20% best and worst
days from the ambient data)
monitorgridcell
Identifier for grid cell closest to monitor. (This variable only appears if
you specified the Use model grid cell at monitor option.)
class i midcell
klciiiilier lor m id cell closesi u* ("hiss 1 area ( This \ ariable oiil\ appears if
sum specified llie I se model mid cell al ( lass 1 area ceuiioid opium.i
gridcelllat
Ceuiioid latitude in decimal degrees of grid cell used m calculation Values
in the northern hemisphere are positive, and those in the southern
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hemisphere are negative.
gridcelllong
Centroid longitude in decimal degrees of grid cell used in calculation. Values
in the eastern hemisphere are positive, and those in the western hemisphere
(e.g., United States) are negative.
monitorlat
Monitor latitude. (This variable only appears if you specified the Use model
grid cell at monitor option.)
monitorlong
Monitor longitude. (This variable only appears if you specified the Use
model grid cell at monitor option.)
class l l;il
Class 1 area ceillI'oid latitude (This \ ariahle i»nl\ appears if um specified the
I so model iii id coll ill ( hiss 1 ;iro;i coin mid opium i
class 1 Ki 1 111
Class 1 area ceniroid liinmliide ( This \ ariable oiil> appears if urn
specified llic I so model tirid ooll ill ( hiss 1 :iro:i oonlroid opium i
dvbestb
Base-year best visibility [up to five year average] (in deciviews)
dvbestf
Forecasted (future-year) best visibility [up to five year average] (in
deciviews)
dvworstb
Base-year worst visibility [up to five year average] (in deciviews)
dvworstf
Forecasted (future-year) worst visibility [up to five year average] (in
deciviews)
amm_so4_gl0_b
Base-year total ammonimum sulfate for 20% best days
s_amm_so4_gl0_b
Base-year small ammonimum sulfate for 20% best days
l_amm_so4_g 1 Ob
Base-year large ammonimum sulfate for 20% best days
ammno 3 _g 1 Ob
Base-year total ammonimum nitrate for 20% best days
s_amm_no3_gl0_b
Base-year small ammonimum nitrate for 20% best days
lammno 3 _g 1 Ob
Base-year large ammonimum nitrate for 20% best days
omcglOb
Base-year total organic mass for 20% best days
somcglOb
Base-year small organic mass for 20% best days
lomcglOb
Base-year large organic mass for 20% best days
ecglOb
Base-year elemental carbon for 20% best days
crustalglOb
Base-year crustal for 20% best days
cmglOb
Base-year coarse mass (PM10 minus PM2.5) for 20% best days
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seasaltglOb
Base-year sea salt for 20% best days
amm_so4_g90_b
Base-year total ammonimum sulfate for 20% worst days
s_amm_so4_g90_b
Base-year small ammonimum sulfate for 20% worst days
I_amm_so4_g90_b
Base-year large ammonimum sulfate for 20% worst days
amm_no3_g90_b
Base-year total ammonimum nitrate for 20% worst days
s_amm_no3_g90_b
Base-year small ammonimum nitrate for 20% worst days
I_amm_no3_g90_b
Base-year large ammonimum nitrate for 20% worst days
omc_g90_b
Base-year total organic mass for 20% worst days
s_omc_g90_b
Base-year small organic mass for 20% worst days
l_omc_g90_b
Base-year large organic mass for 20% worst days
ec_g90_b
Base-year elemental carbon for 20% worst days
crustal_g90_b
Base-year crustal for 20% worst days
cm_g90_b
Base-year coarse mass (PM10 minus PM2.5) for 20% worst days
sea_salt_g90_b
Base-year sea salt for 20% worst days
ssRayleigh
Site-specific Rayleigh scattering (Mm-1)
E_amm_so4_gl0_b
Base-year ammonimum sulfate extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
Eammno 3 _g 1 Ob
Base-year ammonimum nitrate extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
EomcglOb
Base-year organic mass extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
EccglOb
Base-year elemental carbon extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
EcrustalglOb
Base-year crustal extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
EcmglOb
Base-year coarse mass extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
EseasaltglOb
Base-year sea salt extinction for 20% best days
tbextglOb
Base-year total bext (includes site specific Rayleigh scattering) for 20% best
days
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E_amm_so4_g90_b
Base-year ammonimum sulfate extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst days
E_amm_no3_g90_b
Base-year ammonimum nitrate extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst days
E_omc_g90_b
Base-year organic mass extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst days
E_ec_g90_b
Base-year elemental carbon extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst days
E_crustal_g90_b
Base-year crustal extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst days
E_cm_g90_b
Base-year coarse mass extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst days
E_sea_salt_g90_b
Base-year sea salt extinction for 20% worst days
tbext_g90_b
Base-year total bext (includes site specific Rayleigh scattering) for 20%
worst days
amm_so4_gl0_f
Forecasted (future-year) total ammonimum sulfate for 20% best days
s_amm_so4_gl0_f
Forecasted (future-year) small ammonimum sulfate for 20% best days
l_amm_so4_g 1 Of
Forecasted (future-year) large ammonimum sulfate for 20% best days
ammno 3 _g 1Of
Forecasted (future-year) total ammonimum nitrate for 20% best days
s_amm_no3_gl0_f
Forecasted (future-year) small ammonimum nitrate for 20% best days
lammno 3 _g 1 Of
Forecasted (future-year) large ammonimum nitrate for 20% best days
omcglOf
Forecasted (future-year) total organic mass for 20% best days
somcglOf
Forecasted (future-year) small organic mass for 20% best days
lomcglOf
Forecasted (future-year) large organic mass for 20% best days
ecglOf
Forecasted (future-year) elemental carbon for 20% best days
crustalglOf
Forecasted (future-year) crustal for 20% best days
cmglOf
Forecasted (future-year) coarse mass (PM10 minus PM2.5) for 20% best
days
seasaltglOf
Forecasted (future-year) sea salt for 20% best days
amm_so4_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) total ammonimum sulfate for 20% worst days
s_amm_so4_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) small ammonimum sulfate for 20% worst days
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I_amm_so4_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) large ammonimum sulfate for 20% worst days
amm_no3_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) total ammonimum nitrate for 20% worst days
s_amm_no3_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) small ammonimum nitrate for 20% worst days
I_amm_no3_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) large ammonimum nitrate for 20% worst days
omc_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) total organic mass for 20% worst days
s_omc_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) small organic mass for 20% worst days
l_omc_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) large organic mass for 20% worst days
ec_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) elemental carbon for 20% worst days
crustal_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) crustal for 20% worst days
cm_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) coarse mass (PM10 minus PM2.5) for 20% worst
days
sea_salt_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) sea salt for 20% worst days
E_amm_so4_gl0_f
Forecasted (future-year) ammonimum sulfate extinction (Mm-1) for 20%
best days
Eammno 3 _g1Of
Forecasted (future-year) ammonimum nitrate extinction (Mm-1) for 20%
best days
EomcglOf
Forecasted (future-year) organic mass extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
EccglOf
Forecasted (future-year) elemental carbon extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best
days
EcrustalglOf
Forecasted (future-year) crustal extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
EcmglOf
Forecasted (future-year) coarse mass extinction (Mm-1) for 20% best days
EseasaltglOf
Forecasted (future-year) sea salt extinction for 20% best days
tbextglOf
Forecasted (future-year) total bext (includes site specific Rayleigh
scattering) for 20% best days
E_amm_so4_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) ammonimum sulfate extinction (Mm-1) for 20%
worst days
E_amm_no3_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) ammonimum nitrate extinction (Mm-1) for 20%
worst days
E_omc_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) organic mass extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst
days
E_ec_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) elemental carbon extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst
days
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E_crustal_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) crustal extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst days
E_cm_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) coarse mass extinction (Mm-1) for 20% worst days
E_sea_salt_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) sea salt extinction for 20% worst days
tbext_g90_f
Forecasted (future-year) total bext (includes site specific Rayleigh
scattering) for 20% worst days
rrfglOcrustal
Relative response factor (RRF) for crustal matter on the best visibility days
rrf_gl0_no3
RRF for nitrate on the best visibility days
rrfglOoc
RRF for organic mass on the best visibility days
rrfglOec
RRF for elemental carbon on the best visibility days
rrfglOcm
RRF for coarse matter (PM10 minus PM2.5) on the best visibility days
rrf_gl0_so4
RRF for sulfate on the best visibility days
rrf_g90_crustal
RRF for crustal matter on the worst visibility days
nf_g90_no3
RRF for nitrate on the worst visibility days
nf_g90_oc
RRF for organic mass on the worst visibility days
nf_g90_ec
RRF for elemental carbon on the worst visibility days
nf_g90_cm
RRF for coarse matter (PM10 minus PM2.5) on the worst visibility days
rrf_g90_so4
RRF for sulfate on the worst visibility days
9.1.5.2 Forecasted Visibility - all design values.csv
This format of this file is same as the "Forecasted Visibility Data.csv". The first row
specifies the frequency of the data (e.g., Year). The second row presents comma-
separated variable names. The third row begins the data values. The difference is that
each row (from 3rd row) in this file is the forecasted visibility data for a specified year
instead of five year average in "Forecasted Visibility Data.csv".
9.1.5.3 Class 1 Area and IMPROVE Monitor Identifiers and Locations.csv
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The table below describes the variables in the output file. Note that the output data
includes a number of variables, so in the sample output below we have divided the
variables into two blocks. In a file actually generated by SMAT-CE, these two blocks
would be combined.
Var Name
Description (variable type)
id
Class I Area identification code (text)
_type
Leave blank.
classiname
Name of Class I Area (text)
classistate
State in which Class I Area is located (text)
classilat
Class I Area centroid latitude (numeric)
classilong
Class I Area centroid longitude (numeric)
classigridcell
Identifier of grid cell closest to the Class 1 area centroid
date
Meteorological modeling year
monitorid
IMPROVE monitor identification code (text)
monitorlat
IMPROVE monitor latitude (numeric)
monitorlong
IMPROVE monitor longitude (numeric)
monitorgridcell
Identifier of grid cell closest to the monitor
9.1.5.4 Used Model Reference Cells - Base/Future/Delta Data.csv
The table below describes the variables in the output file.
Var Name
Description
id
The ID is a unique name for each monitor in a particular location. The default
value is the column identifier multiplied by 1000 plus the row. (This is a
character variable.)
_type
Leave blank.
gridcelllat
Latitude at the grid cell centroid in decimal degrees. Values in the northern
hemisphere are positive, and those in the southern hemisphere are negative.
gridcelllong
Longitude at the grid cell centroid in decimal degrees. Values in the eastern
hemisphere are positive, and those in the western hemisphere (e.g., United
States) are negative.
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date
Date of daily average model value with YYYYMMDD format (This is a
numeric variable)
crustal
Coarse PM (ug/m3)
so4
Sulfate PM
ec
Elemental Carbon
no 3
Nitrate PM
oc
Organic carbon PM
cm
Crustal PM
visibility rank
worst = 20% worst days used in rrf calculation; best = 20% best days used in
rrf calculation
9.1.6 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for these options for the Eastern U.S. example project. Either
click Next or double-click the Data Input button in the upper left-hand panel of the
Visibility Analysis window. The button next to Choose Desired Output will turn from
yellow to green, indicating that this step is complete.
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9.2 Data Input
File ¦* Analysis 7 Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Start Page
C"Haze Visibility Analysis £jj|,
Choose Desired Output
Data Input
"J» Filtering ri Log/Msg
Data Input
Monitor Data
IMPROVE Monitor Data - Old Algorithm
Classlareas_ORIGIMPROVEALG_2000to2012_2013sepl2.
IMPROVE Monitor Data - New Algorithm
|ciasslareas_NEWIMPROVEALG_2000to2020_2022_Mar2!
1
Model Data
Baseline File
SMAT.PM.Large.12.SE_US2.2011eh.camx.grid.csv
Forecast File
SMAT.PM.Large.12.SE_US2.2017eh.camx.grid.csv
d* 1
Using Model Data
Temporal adjustment at monitor 3x3
EZ1 Advanced Option
Q Create forecast IMPROVE visibility file
O Forecast IMPROVE daily data file
|ciasslareas_NEWIMPROVEALG_2000to2020_2Q22_Mar2!|
Monitor - Class I area linkage file:
156-Classl-coordinates-all site names new-2019.csv
Clear
Save Project & Run
Back Next
Save Project
Figure 9-3. Data Input for Visibility Analysis
The Data Input window (Figure 9-3) sets the monitor and model data files to use for
the SMAT-CE visibility forecasts. It also includes a specification for how SMAT-CE
will average the model data for the RRF calculation. The blue hyperlinked text in this
window brings up the documentation for this configuration step. The settings in this
step include:
9.2.1 Monitor Data
Daily monitor data of speciated aerosol concentrations (ug/m3) and visibility (Mm"1)
measures are available from the Federal Land Manager Environmental Database
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website2. These monitor data are used to: (1) identify the B20 and W20 visibility days
for a given year; and (2) calculate the 5-year baseline conditions.
Note that one IMPROVE monitor is associated with each Class I site, and the calculated
visibility for the IMPROVE site is assumed to representative of the Class I site. SMAT-
CE comes with a default cross-walk that it uses for IMPROVE monitors and Class I
Areas.
SMAT-CE is distributed with monitored species concentrations (ug/m3) along with
extinction (Mm"1) and deciview estimates for the period 2000 to 2012. SMAT-CE uses
these data to project concentrations and extinctions for the observed species
AMMS04, AMMN03, OMC, EC, CRUSTAL, and CM. The monitored data files
include the variable GOOD YEAR, which indicates whether a particular monitor
should be used for a given year. A value of "1" means the monitor can be used, and a
value of "0" means that the monitor should be dropped for the year.
The monitor data variable GROUP identifies the percentile for the overall visibility
level for a particular day. A value of "90" means that the particular day is among the 20
percent worst days for the year. A value of "10" means that the particular day is among
the 20 percent best days for that year. (Days with other GROUP values are not needed)
There are a number of extra variables in the ambient data input file that are not directly
used by SMAT-CE (such as extinction values). These additional data can be used to QA
the SMAT-CE output or for additional data analysis.
SMAT-CE can use two different types of IMPROVE monitor data:
• IMPROVE Monitor Data - Old Algorithm. Monitor data needed for calculating
extinction with the old IMPROVE algorithm. Section 11.2.1.1 of the MATS
User's Manual (Abt, 2014) includes a description of the file format.
• IMPROVE Monitor Data - New Algorithm. The monitor data for the new
IMPROVE algorithm includes a large number of variables. The table below has
a complete listing of the variables. The variables in bold are required variables
2 http://views.cira.colostate.edu/fed/
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on the input file. The additional variables are provided for QA purposes and are
optional. Note that sea salt mass is optional, but is used in the visibility
calculations if provided.
Var Name
Description
_ID
IMPROVE site code
TYPE
Leave blank.
LAT
Latitude in decimal degrees. Values in the northern hemisphere are
positive,
and those in the southern hemisphere are negative.
LONG
Longitude in decimal degrees. Values in the eastern hemisphere are
positive,
and those in the western hemisphere (e.g., United States) are negative.
DATE
Date of daily average ambient data with YYYYMMDD format (This is a
numeric variable)
FRH
Monthly climatological relative humidity adjustment factor
FSRH
Monthly climatological relative humidity adjustment factor - small sulfate
and
nitrate particles
FLRH
Monthly climatological relative humidity adjustment factor - large sulfate
and
nitrate particles
FSSRH
Monthly climatological relative humidity adjustment factor - sea salt
SSRAYLEIGH Site-specific Rayleigh scattering (Mm-1)
PM25
Measured PM2.5 mass (ug/m3)
SEA_SALT
Sea salt mass
CRUSTAL
Crustal mass ( 2.2 x [Al] + 2.49 x [Si] + 1.63 x [Ca] + 2.42 x [Fe] + 1.94
x [Ti]) AMM N03 Ammonium nitrate mass (N03*1.29)
AMMN03
Ammonium nitrate mass (N03*1.29)
OMC
Organic carbon mass (OC*1.8)
EC
Elemental carbon
PM10
PM10 mass
CM
Coarse mass (PM10 minus PM2.5)
AMM_S04
Ammonium sulfate (S*4.125)
LARGEOMC
Large organic mass
SMALLOMC
Small organic mass
LARGEAMMS04
Large ammonium sulfate
SMALLAMMS04
Small ammonium sulfate
LARGEAMMN03
Large ammonium nitrate
SMALL_AMM_N03
Small ammonium nitrate
EAMMS04
Ammonimum sulfate extinction (Mm-1)
EAMMN03
Ammonimum nitrate extinction
EOMC
Organic mass extinction
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EEC
Elemental carbon extinction
ECRUSTAL
Crustal extinction
E_CM
Coarse mass (PM10 minus PM2.5) extinction
ESEASALT
Sea salt extinction
TBEXT
Total bext (includes site specific Rayleigh scattering)
DV
Deciviews (calculated from Total bext)
Denotes complete data for the year (1= all quarters >75% completeness,
0=
incomplete)
GOODYEAR
GROUP
90= 20% worst days and 10= 20% best days for each year (if good_year=l)
POSSIBLENDAYS
Possible samples in quarter
NDAYS
Actual complete samples per quarter
OMPLETEQUARTER
Quarter completeness (1= complete, 0= incomplete)
SF
Sulfur concentration (used to calculate ammonium sulfate)
S04F
Sulfate concentration (may be used as a backup in case S is missing)
9.2.2 Model Data
Model data for the B20 and W20 visibility days are used to calculate RRFs, which
provide an estimate of the relative change in visibility from the baseline conditions to
a future year. The monitor data are used to identify the B20 and W20 days. SMAT-CE
will match the best and worst measured days to the correct modeled days, by date. The
model data input to SMAT-CE are PM species concentrations (ug/m3).
The following exhibits provide an example of the model data format and a description
of the variables. Note that the first line of the data file gives the frequency of the data.
In this case, daily data. The second line gives the variables names. The data begins on
the third line. Each data line represents a daily observation.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
1
J
K
L
M
Day
ID
_TYPE
LAT
LONG
DATE
CRUSTAL
NH4
S04
EC
N03
OC
PM25
CM
233044
30.03283
-93.0972
20110101
0.2198
0.3074
0.691
0.1104
0.3252
0.7594
2.5133
1.1132
233045
30.13998
-93.0918
20110101
0.2295
0.2778
0.6468
0.1108
0.2612
0.7681
2.3597
1.1085
233046
30.24715
-93.0865
20110101
0.25
0.3206
0.7729
0.1206
0.2468
0.8173
2.5924
1.1422
233047
30.35436
-93.0811
20110101
0.2341
0.2309
0.6422
0.099
0.126
0.7741
2.1645
1.0894
233048
30.4616
-93.0758
20110101
0.2777
0.237
0.6862
0.1118
0.1249
0.8941
2.4056
1.1302
233049
30.56886
-93.0704
20110101
0.3063
0.2529
0.7391
0.1231
0.1414
1.0072
2.6562
1.1592
oooaqa
on q
03 ACQ
im mini
A OAQ"7
A 1510
A
A 11AO
A 1 AKO
1 AQIfi
T "71 *iA
i 1 a ao
Figure 9-4 Format for Daily PM Model Data
Var Name
Description
ID
The ID is a unique number for each model grid cell in the air quality model
domain. It is generally based on the column and row identifiers from the air
quality modeling domain. The default convention is to calculate the ID by
multiplying the column identifier by one thousand (1000) and adding the row
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identifier. (This is a character variable)
TYPE
Leave blank.
LAT
Latitude at the grid cell centroid in decimal degrees. Values in the northern
hemisphere are positive, and those in the southern hemisphere are negative.
LONG
Longitude at the grid cell centroid in decimal degrees. Values in the eastern
hemisphere are positive, and those in the western hemisphere (e.g., United
States) are negative.
DATE
Date of daily average model value with YYYYMMDD format (This is a
numeric variable)
CRUSTAL
Crustal PM
NH4
Ammonium mass
S04
Sulfate PM
EC
Elemental Carbon
N03
Nitrate PM
OC
Organic mass PM
PM25
PM2.5 mass
CM
Coarse PM (ug/m3)
Using Model Data
For the Temporal adjustment at monitor setting select the matrix of model grid cells to
use in the RRF calculation (lxl matrix, 3x3 matrix, etc). SMAT-CE will average the
concentrations in the selected matrix to use for the RRF calculation.
RRFs are then calculated for the species sulfate, nitrate, EC, OMC, Crustal, and Coarse
Matter (CM) by taking the ratio of the average of the B20 or W20 days in the future to
the average corresponding B20 or W20 days in the baseline. For example, when
calculating the sulfate RRF for the B20 days, SMAT-CE does the following calculation:
1
^7^1=1 SulfCitefuture,j,i
RRFsulfateJ "J
^ 5jj=i Sulfa,te]jaseline,j,i
where,
j = Class I area
i = day
n = number of B20 days
Sulfate = modeled sulfate concentration (ug/m3) on B20 days
When identifying the model data for this calculation, SMAT-CE first selects the model
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values located at either the monitor or at the centroid of the Class I Area, based on the
setting in the Choose Desired Output window.
9.2.3 Advanced Option
Create forecast IMPROVE visibility file:
This option will create a forecast IMPROVE daily visibility file. The name of this file
is "Forecast IMPROVE Daily Data.csv" plus the Project Name (e.g., "Tutorial Visibility
- Forecast IMPROVE Daily Data.csv "). This file can be used as the new baseline
monitor data and should be in the form of a simple text file (Figure 9-5). The first row
specifies the frequency of the data (e.g., day). The second row presents comma-
separated variable names. The third row begins the data values. Below is an example
of the monitor data file format and descriptions of the variables in the file. The table
below describes the variables in the output file.
A B
c
D
E
F
G
H [ 1
J K
I 1
M
N
o
P
Q
R
Day
sitejd type
date
monitor_| grldcellj; gridcelljc
monitor J
monitor J Group
Good_Yea ss_Raylei|
E_amm_s< E_amm_n E_omc_f
E_ec_f
E_crustal_ E
_cm_f
E_sea_salt_f
ACAD1
20090122
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
24.64237
7.706283
5.356549
2.087319
0.240837
1.00158
0.238096
ACAD1
20090131
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
35.52348
20.96254
7.655809
2.141408
0.301665
1.99566
0.226131
ACAD1
20090215
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
10
1 12
2.635359
1.430867
1.340613
0.492442
0.094223
0.4698
0.272325
A CADI
20090308
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
15.79708
1.001584
3.211393
0.76871
0.184795
0.92802
0.241373
ACAD1
20090329
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
10
1 12
6.583412
0.71249
1.678013
0.482593
0.246512
0.39204
0.393271
ACAD1
20090410
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
21.07125
5.912059
4.560594
1.28173
0.515581
2.24574
0.956042
ACAD1
20090425
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
34.39783
13.37988
6.288541
2.379069
0.495458
2.283
1.239814
A CADI
20090428
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
24.25499
6.366493
6.086586
2.184023
0.547308
2.5407
0.002027
ACAD1
20090501
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
31.95922
14.89839
3.628679
1.693949
0.325713
3.18168
4.136655
ACAD1
20090504
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
23.92447
5.500143
4.528108
1.676739
0.523716
1.48038
0.190099
ACAD1
20090510
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
10
1 12
4.603912
0.777166
2.594421
0.503186
0.094652
1.39968
0.192376
ACAD1
20090513
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
90
1 12
18.35721
2.305787
5.100348
1.640681
0.415155
1.59006
0.663641
A CADI
20090528
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
10
1 12
3.186448
0.77867
0.840384
0.347396
0.064698
3.86502
0.380199
ACAD1
20090609
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
10
1 12
2.728946
0.443599
1.305289
0.388582
0.211863
2.25318
0.173
A CADI
20090612
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
10
1 12
2.771217
0.475876
3.667735
0.53721
0.009639
1.94262
0.393926
ACAD1
20090615
388206
44.42187
-68.3115
44.3771
-68.261
10
1 12
5.890681
0.645043
1.412479
0.480803
0.284557
1.53684
0.185858
Figure 9-5 Example for forecast IMPROVE daily visibility file
Variables and Descriptions for forecast IMPROVE daily visibility file
Var Name
Description (variable type)
sitejd
IMPROVE monitor identification code (text)
type
Leave blank
date
Date of daily average ambient data with YYYYMMDD format
(This is a numeric variable)
Identifier for grid cell closest to monitor. (This variable only
monitor_gridceil
appears if you specified the Use model grid cell at monitor
option.)
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gridcelljat
Centroid latitude in decimal degrees of grid cell used in
calculation. Values in the northern hemisphere are positive, and
those in the southern hemisphere are negative.
gridcelljong
Centroid longitude in decimal degrees of grid cell used in
calculation. Values in the eastern hemisphere are positive, and
those in the western hemisphere (e.g., United States) are
negative.
monitorjat
Monitor latitude. (This variable only appears if you specified
the Use model grid cell at monitor option.)
monitorjong
Monitor longitude. (This variable only appears if you specified
the Use model grid cell at monitor option.)
Group
90= 20% worst days and 10= 20% best days for each year (if
good_year= 1)
Good_Year
Denotes complete data for the year (1= all quarters >75%
completeness, 0= incomplete)
ss_Rayleigh
Site-specific Rayleigh scattering (Mm-1)
E_amm_so4_f
Ammonimum sulfate extinction (Mm-1)
E_amm_no3_f
Ammonimum nitrate extinction
E_omc_f
Organic mass extinction
E_ec_f
Elemental carbon extinction
E_crustal_f
Crustal extinction
E_cm_f
Coarse mass (PM10 minus PM2.5) extinction
E_sea_salt_f
Sea salt extinction
Forecast IMPROVE daily data file:
This option can use the forecast IMPROVE daily data file created from the "Create
forecast IMPROVE visibility file" option as baseline monitor data to forecast the new
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visibility data.
Monitor -Class I area linkage file:
This file provides the linkage between IMPROVE monitors and Class I Areas. The
format of the file and the variable descriptions are as follows:
A
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
_MOMITOR_ID
MonLAT
MonLONG
_CLASS_I_NAME
ID
_STATE_ID
LAT
LONG
ACAD1
44.3771
-68.261
Acadia NP
ACAD
ME
44.35
-68.24
AGTI1
33.4636
-116.9706
Agua Tibia Wilderness
AGTI
CA
33.42
-116,99
BADL1
43.7435
-101.9412
Badlands NP
BADL
SD
43.81
-102.36
BALD1
34.0584
-109.4406
Mount Baldy Wilderness
BALD
AZ
33.95
-109.54
BAND1
35.7797
-106.2664
Bandelier NM
BAND
NM
35.79
-106.34
BIBE1
29.3027
-103.178
Big Bend NP
BIBE
TX
29.33
-103.31
BLIS1
38.9761
-120.1025
Desolation Wilderness
DESO
CA
38.9
-120.17
BLIS1
38.9761
-120.1025
Mokelumne Wilderness
MOKE
CA
38.57
-120.06
BOAP1
33.8695
-106.852
Bosque del Apache
BOAP
NM
33.79
-106.85
BOWA1
47.9466
-91.4955
Boundary Waters Canoe Area
BOWA
MN
48.06
-91.43
BRCA1
37.6184
-112.1736
Bryce Canyon NP
BRCA
UT
37.57
-112.17
BRIS1
30.10862
-89.76169
Breton
BRET
LA
29.87
-88.82
BR1D1
42.9749
-109.7579
Bridger Wilderness
BRID
WY
42.99
-109.49
BRID1
42.9749
-109.7579
Fitzpatrick Wilderness
FITZ
WY
43.24
-109.6
BRIG1
39.465
-74.4492
Brigantine
BRIG
NJ
39.49
-74.39
CABI1
47.9549
-115.6709
Cabinet Mountains Wilderness
CABI
MT
48.18
-115.68
CACR1
34.4544
-94.1429
Caney Creek Wilderness
CACR
AR
34.41
-94.08
CANY1
38.4587
-109.821
Arches NP
ARCH
UT
38.73
-109.58
CANYI
38.4587
-109.821
Canyonlands NP
CANY
UT
38.23
-109.91
Figure 9-6. Example for File Linking IMPROVE Monitors and Class I Areas
Variables and Descriptions for File Linking IMPROVE Monitors and Class I Areas
Var Name
Description (variable type)
MONITOR ID
IMPROVE monitor identification code (text)
MonLAT
IMPROVE monitor latitude (numeric)
MonLONG
IMPROVE monitor longitude (numeric)
CLASS I NAME
Name of Class I Area (text)
JD
Class I Area identification code (text)
STATE ID
State in which Class I Area is located (text)
LAT
Class I Area centroid latitude (numeric)
LONG
Class I Area centroid longitude (numeric)
Note: Character variables have names that begin with an underscore (i.e., and the
character values used can be kept with or without quotes. (If a character variable has an
embedded space, such as might occur with the name of a location, then use quotes.)
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9.2.4 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for these options for the Eastern U.S. example project. Either
click Next or double-click the Filtering button in the upper left-hand panel of the
Visibility Analysis window. The button next to Data Input will turn from yellow to
green, indicating that this step is complete.
9.3 Filtering
File ~ Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Start Page
Log/Msg
Name Running Messages
^Haze Visibility Analysis
p® Choose Desired Output
!"|t Data Input
Filtering
Filtering 0/
Choose Visibility Data Years
Start Monitor Year 2009 v
End Monitor Year 2013 v
Base Model Year 2011 v
Valid Visibility Monitors
Minimum years required for a valid monitor |3
Back Next
Clear Save Project & Run Save Project
Figure 9-7. Filtering for Visibility Analysis
The Filtering window (Figure 9-7) sets the years of monitor and model data to use in
the visibility forecasts. It also sets criteria for a monitor to be included in the analysis.
The blue hyperlinked text in this window brings up the documentation for this
configuration step. The settings in this step include:
9.3.1 Choose Visibility Data Years
SMAT-CE presents as a series of drop down menus the available years of monitor data
that were loaded through the Data Input window. The Start Monitor Year and End
Monitor Year drop-down menus set the range of years to use for the visibility
calculations.
The Base Model Year drop-down menu sets the year to use in determining the B20 and
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W20 monitor days. The Base Model Year should correspond to the year of the model
data and must fall within the range specified by the Start Monitor Year and End Monitor
Year. After setting the Base Model Year, SMAT-CE identifies and saves for each
monitor the particular dates during this year that registered the best and worst visibility
days. These dates are then used to identify the model values used in the calculation of
RRFs for the temporal adjustment.
9.3.2 Valid Visibility Monitors
The Minimum years requiredfor a valid monitor sets the minimum number of years of
data that a monitor must have to be included in the visibility analysis. SMAT-CE
excludes from the analysis any monitors with fewer than the minimum years set here.
The SMAT-CE default value is 3 years.
9.3.3 Run the Eastern U.S. Example
Use the default settings for the Filtering options for the Eastern U.S. example project.
Either click Next, which will bring up a window prompting to "Save & Run Project"
or click the Save Project & Run button at the bottom of the SMAT-CE window.
The Visibility Analysis project may also be saved without running SMAT-CE by
clicking the Save Project button. A file explorer window will request a filename to
which the project settings will be saved to a *.proj file. This file can be loaded later to
restart the analysis.
For the Eastern U.S. example, select save and run for the Visibility Analysis project. A
file explorer window will request a filename (*.proj) to which to save the project
settings. While the Analysis is running, the icon next to Filtering will turn to a running
status and status messages will be displayed in the Log & Msg tab on the right panel
of the SMAT-CE main window (Figure 9-8).
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;is ' Start Page
oe
Log/Msg
Choose Visibility Data Years
Start Monitor Year [2005
End Monitor Year [2009
Base Model Year [2007
Valid Visibility Monitors
Minimum years required for a valid monitor 3
Back Next
Clear | [ Save Project & Run | [ Save Project |
Name Running Messages
Visibility Start SMAT-CE 0.29 run 2013/11/25 19:1
Starting Visibility Analysis...
m. I ~
File * Analysis * Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact
Haze Visibility Analysis
i ^ Choose Desired Output
H Data Inout
(£> Filtering
Filtering
Tip
Running project-
Please wait!
Figure 9-8. Visibility Analysis run status
When the Visibility Analysis is completed, the Data Viewer will automatically display
in the SMAT-CE main window (Figure 9-9). The Output Files section of the Data
Viewer left panel will display all of output files selected in the Choose Desired Output
Visibility Analysis window.
The Data Viewer provides options to display the Visibility Analysis results as maps, bar
charts, and tables. Chapter 10 describes how to load and analyze data using the SMAT-
CE Data Viewer.
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File " Analysis* Data Viewer Expand Viewer Single Source Impact Analysis * Start Page
Data Viewer
Name
^Project Name
3 Visibility
y Output Files
l3 - Forecasted Data
l3 - Class 1 Area and IMPROVE Monitors Ide
CD - Used Model Reference Cells - Base Dats
~ - Used Model Reference Cells - Future Da'
lD - Forecasted - all design values
lj2)Log& Msg
3 Log & Msg
IjJlConfiguration & Batch File
~ Configuration & Batch File
Visibility
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
© ©
>**11
Map
l£l
GIS
Load ] [ Extract All | [ Extract Selected j
Output for BenMAP Link to BenMAP
\m
Chart
w'
Log/Msg Config/Batchj
Name Log Messages
~ Visibility Start SMAT-CE 0.29 run 2013/11/25 19:11:37
~ Starting Visibility Analysis...
~ Finish reading monitor data: 2 s.
Q Finish computing geometry: 0 s.
Finish loading model data: 11 s.
~ Finish generating RRFs and computing forecast: 0 s.
~ Total SMAT-CE run time: 19 s.
Finish SMAT-CE run 2013/11/25 19:11:56
Figure 9-9. Visibility Analysis data viewer
This concludes the chapter on the SMAT-CE Visibility Analysis. As described in this
section, details of the calculations and settings used in this analysis are available in the
U.S. EPA Draft Modeling Guidance for Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone,
PM2.5, and Regional Haze (U.S. EPA, 2014) and in Chapter 11 of the MATS User's
Manual (Abt, 2014).
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10 The SMAT-CE Data Viewer
The SMAT-CE Data Viewer displays the results from completed attainment test
analyses. The results may be displayed as maps, tables, and charts; or they may be
exported to text files for use in external data processing programs. This section
describes how to use and configure the Data Viewer for the different analyses supported
by SMAT-CE
10.1 Starting the Data Viewer
The SMAT-CE Data Viewer (Figure 10-1) can be started in the following ways.
• From the SMAT-CE Start Page, click on Data Viewer in the Analyze/Visualize
Data section of the window
• From any of the SMET-CE analysis windows, click on Data Viewer in the menu
bar along the top of the window
• When a SMAT-CE analysis finishes, the Data Viewer window displays
automatically
File * Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Single Source Impact Analysis * USA " Start Page
Mi
©
Data Viewer
Name
No data loaded
r
~
Load ~] | Extract All | [ Extract Selected~
VNA (?) eVNA Send to BenMAP-CE
QO
1) Map Data Chart Log/Msg j ^^Config/Batchj
^ Zoom To:
^ | Continental US
<£} Domain Selections:
^ [ US States ^
B m Check All
^ 0 Delete Checked
® 0 Combine Legend
^ E 0 Map Layers
*
Double-click legend to
reset scale/color
Figure 10-1. SMAT-CE Data Viewer
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10.2 Starting an Analysis Session
To load results from a saved project, click on the Load button on the bottom left of the
Data Viewer window and select a SMAT-CE project (*.proj) file to load. The Data
Viewer will then display the following selections in the left-hand filename window pane
(Figure 10-2).
File ' Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP ' Single Source Impact Analysis - USA " Start Page
Data Viewer
Name
Iki) Project Name
Q Annual PM
^Output Files
Q Annual PM25 Point
l_3 Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
~ Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
D Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
lJ Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
J Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
~ Quarterly Avg NH4_DON Monitors
l2) Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
[J Quarterly PM25 Point
l] Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
l3 Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
G High County Sites
>j2lLog & Msg
G Log & Msg
y Configuration & Batch File
Configuration & Batch File
¦C
3
Load
| Extract All
| Extract Selected
Send to BenMAP-CE
©
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
wm
GIS
Map
Data | Chart Log/Msg Config/Batchj
Zoom To:
^ [continental US
Domain Selections:
US States
® W\ Check All
^ B Delete Checked
® O Combine Legend
B 0 Map Layers
Double-click legend to
reset scale/color
Figure 10-2. Data Viewer window with a completed project
Project Name. The name of the currently loaded project. Clicking on the project name
will open the completed analysis window for the project. For example, if the loaded
project is for an ozone attainment test, the Ozone Analysis window for that project will
open upon clicking the project name in the Data Viewer filename menu.
Output Files. The list of the output files specified during configuration of the SMAT-
CE analysis. The types of Output Files available depend on the type of analysis (PM,
Ozone, or Visibility) and the output choices set in the Configuration File. Clicking on
any of the output files will load the data into the Data Viewer graphical and tabular
analysis modules.
Log & Msg. The SMAT-CE logging information generated during the currently loaded
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project. Clicking on the Log & Msg menu item displays the steps used to create the
SMAT-CE results and the time that the run completed (Figure 10-3).
File T Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP * Single Source Impact Analysis " USA T Start Page
Data Viewer
Name
Ui Project Name
Q Annual PM
yOutput Files
Q Annual PM25 Point
[J Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
lD Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
i_] Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
[J Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
l) Quarterly Avg NH4 DON Monitors
_] Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
0 Quarterly PM25 Point
l] Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
U Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
[D Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
[J High County Sites
III) Log & Msg
[3 Log & Msg
Ik!)Configuration & Batch File
j Configuration & Batch File
L
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
o ©
0 gis
Map
Data
v ' Chart
Log/Msg
Config/Batch
Load
1 Extract All
I Extract Selected
| Send
to BenMAP-CE
Name Log Messages ^
~ Annual PM Start SMAT-CE 0.47 run 2015/6/10 18:16:57
Q Starting Annual PM Analysis...
Q Read model data "PM_small_USA_12km_2011.csv".
Q Finish reading model data: 38 s.
0 Read model data "PM_small_USA_12km_2018.csv".
LJ Finish reading model data: 44 s.
Read official PM monitor data "official_annual-PM25_allFRM 121013.C
Q Finish reading official PM monitor data: 0 s.
Q Read unofficial PM monitor data "PM25ForFractions2002to2012.csv".
0 Finish reading unofficial PM monitor data: 12 s.
D Read species monitor data "SpeciesForFractions2002to2012.csv".
0 Finish reading species monitor data: 3 s.
0 Finish interpolating FRM sites: 13 s.
Q Finish interpolating SI,FRM data to grid. 0 s.
0 Finish computing RRF: 6 s.
~ Finish interpolating Spatial Field: 0 s.
0 Total SMAT-CE run time: 143 s.
~ Finish SMAT-CE run 2015/6/1018:19:20
Figure 10-3. Log & Msg display window
Configuration & Batch File. The SMAT-CE batch script commands used to generate
the results for the current project. Clicking on the Configuration & Batch File menu
item displays the configuration settings for the project (Figure 10-4).
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File * Analysis ' Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP ~ Single Source Impact Analysis - USA ' Start Page
"t Data Viewer
Name
y Project Name
3 03_Tutorial2
yj Output Files
J Ozone Monitors — monitor data, temporal
J Ozone Monitors -- county high monitoring
l3 Base & Future Model Data - used average
ysLog & Msg
~ Log & Msg
iviiiConfiguration & Batch File
i_3 Configuration & Batch File
Load
| Extract All
| Extract Selected ]
m
GIS
Map 10 Data I® Chart i m Log/Msg Config/Batch
Ozone Analysis
03_Tutorial2
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
Configuration
RunType=RunOzone
OutputFileName=C:\Users\zeadelma\Documents\My SMAT-CE Files\Result\Project\03_Tu1
scenarioName=03_Tutorial2
doPointEstimatesForecast=l
doQuarterlyModelData=l
doSpatialFieldEstimates=0
doBaseOnlyVNA=0
doFutureOnlyVNA=0
doSpatialFieldEstimatesGradAdj=0
doBaseOnlyEVNA=0
doFutureOnlyEVNA=0
doNeighborFileSpatial=0
d oAutom ati ca 11yExtra ct=l
doDesignValuePeriods=0
doMaxDesignValuePeriods=0
ozoneMonitorDataFile=C:\Program Files (x86)\SMAT-CE\Data\SampleData\Monitor_data\K
dolnputfromCmaq=0
baselineModelDataFile=C:\Program Files (x86)\SMAT-CE\Data\SampleData\Model_data\0 *-
< 1- ». 1 >
eVNA
Send to BenMAP-CE
Edit
Export
Figure 10-4. Configuration & Batch File display window.
10.3 Creating Data Displays
To examine the results from a completed SMAT-CE analysis, select one of the project
Output Files in the left-hand pane of the Data Viewer window. Either double-click or
right-click on one of the filenames to select for analysis. Different types of output files
are displayed in the Data Viewer file list. The attainment test results will he named
according to the form of the test: Annual PM25 Point, Daily PM25 Point, etc. The
model data used in the attainment test will be have file names that end in "Model Data".
The monitoring data used in the attainment test will have file names that end in
"Monitors".
A right-click on a file name will display a pop-up menu with different analysis choices.
For everything but model data, the menu will show: Add to GIS, View, and Extract
(Figure 10-5). For the model data results, the right-click pop-up menu will show: Add
to Map, Add to GIS, View, and Extract. Double-clicking on any data file will display
the file data on the SMAT-CE GIS map and data table viewer (Figure 10-6).
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File * Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Single Source Impact Analysis * USA * Start Page
Data Viewer
Name
Project Name
G Annual PM
^Output Files
~
Q Baseline Quart<[
Q Future Quarterl View
Annual PM25 Point
Add to GIS
G Delta Quarterly
Extract
G Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
G Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
G Quarterly Avg NH4DON Monitors
G Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
G Quarterly PM25 Point
G Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
G High County Sites
IjiiLog & Msg
G Log & Msg
U2j Configuration & Batch File
~ Configuration & Batch File
J
Load
[ Extract All
| Extract Selected ]
y*'Jj GIS j y-jj Map | Data j ^ Chart Log/Msg Config/Batchj
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
Send to BenMAP-CE
[Continental US ^
Domain Selections:
^ | US States ~ j
f W] Check All
^ E Delete Checked
^ B Combine Legend
0
^ B 0 Map Layers j
Hb
Double-click legend to
reset scale/color
Figure 10-5. Output files right-click menu
File * Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP T Single Source Impact Analysis T USA * Start Page
Data Viewer
6
Annual PM25 Point
Name
U2l Project Name
G Annual PM
lj2lQutput Files
Ul
G Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
G Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
G Quarterly Avg NH4_DON Monitors
G Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
G Quarterly PM25 Point
G Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
G High County Sites
liiiLog & Msg
G Log & Msg
UiConfiguration & Batch File
G Configuration & Batch File
GIS k*'^ Map Data Chart Id) Log/Msg Config/Batchj
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
Load
| Extract All
| Extract Selected J
VNA I) eVNA
Send to BenMAP-CE
| b_pm25_ann_DV y |
Zoom To:
[continental US T|
Domain Selections:
| US States ^ |
m Check All
E Delete Checked
E Combine Legend
B 0 Map Layers
B m Annual PM25 P
B b_p m 2 5_a n n_DV
Double-click legend to
reset scale/color
<5.6 7.7 9.9 12.0 14.2 >16.3 Hg/m3
Min = 3.460 Max = 18.470
Figure 10-6. Output files GIS map view
The Data Viewer window right-hand analysis pane includes the following six tabs that
display different analysis and configuration settings for the current SMAT-CE project:
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GIS. Open-source geographic information system (GIS) graphical interface for
displaying SMAT-CE point analysis results at monitor locations. Multiple data layers
may be added to the map and different attributes within each layer can be plotting in
the GIS tab.
Map. Spatial tile plots of model output data used for estimating relative response
factors.
Data. Tabulated display of the SMAT-CE input and output data.
Chart. Bar chart display of the SMAT-CE input and output data.
Log/Msg. Logging information generated during the currently loaded project
Config/Batch. Batch script commands used to generate the results for the current
project
Details of how to display data in the analysis tabs and how to configure the plots in
each tab are included in the following sections.
10.4 GIS Window
The SMAT-CE GIS window displays the results of point analyses at monitor locations
in the selected modeling domain. Example results available to view in the GIS window
include base and future year design values, RRFs, and input monitor data.
To plot results in the GIS window either right-click on an output file name in the Data
Viewer file list and select Add to GIS (Figure 10-5); or click on the GIS tab of the Data
Viewer right-hand panel and then double click an output file on the file list.
Alternatively, click on the on the GIS and Map Controls toolbar to load a saved
data file into the GIS viewer. The GIS view will display the analysis results or input
monitor data as a thematic map with a colored legend that uses a legend and color scale
that are set according the minimum and maximum values of the loaded dataset (Figure
10-7).
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i ¦ 'J
GIS
to*0*
! Map
Da„
_ Chart Log/Msg
! -- s
Config/Batch
¦n
*
Q
Ua
HI
0
+
HK
0 Check All
Delete Checked
Combine Legend
B fc? Map Layers
B ~ Ozone Monitor;
B b_o3_DV
B 1^1 Ozone Monitor:
Bf o3 DV
< ~ ~
Double-click legend to
reset scale/color
<53.8
62.6 71.4 80.1 88.9
M«n = 45.000 M ax = 106.500
>97.7 ppb
Figure 10-7. SMAT-CE GIS window
The GIS map can be saved quickly by right-clicking anywhere in the map window and
selecting one of the three options (Figure 10-8).
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%
o
m
H ~ Check All
Delete Checked
0 D Combine Legend
0
B ^ Map Layers
^ B y Ozone Monitor;
fflb o3 DV
4 ~ ~
Double-click legend to
reset scale/color
b o3 DV
Zoom To:
Southern Californi; T
Domain Selections:
US States T
_ California
A
O o 9
<52.9 61.9 70.8 79.7 88.6
Miri =44.0GD Max = 97.571
Save Image as...
Save Image and Legend as...
Save Image and Legend to clipboard
Figure 10-8. GIS map right-click menu
The configuration options available in the GIS window include:
Zoom and Map Controls. Shown in the red box in Figure 10-9, these options control
zooming in/out and panning the map display, probing monitor values, exporting the
map image, saving a shapefile of the results, and adding external shapefile data to the
GIS map.
Layer Controls. Shown in the yellow box in Figure 10-9, these options control the
SMAT-CE result layer attributes to display on the map, quick zooms to selected sub-
regions (Zoom To), and boundary layer attributes to display on the map (Domain
Selections). The Map Layers section of this area displays the different GIS layers shown
on them. Right-clicking on any of the layers provides advanced configuration controls
for the layer.
Legend Controls. Shown in the blue box in Figure 10-9, this option provides a quick
adjustment of the GIS map legend levels. Double click the color bar to display the
legend controls. The legend controls set the minimum and maximum values of the
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legend and the individual colors on the scale. More detailed customization of the map
display legend is available by double clicking a map layer in the Layer Controls section
of the GIS window.
'LJ
GIS
LJ
Map
&
e
a
@
+
Hh
b o3 DV
Zoom To:
Continental US
Domain Selections:
US States
E Check All
Delete Checked
J Combine Legend
3 0 Map Layers
B I Ozone Monitor
IS b_o3_DV
B 0 Ozone Monitor
®f o3 DV
OouDle-click legend to
reset scale/color
Data (Wit Chart
KJ \ ^ I \*J
log/Msg Conflg/Batch
<53 8 62 6 714 80.1 889 >97,7 ppb
Mm *45 000 Man-106 500
Figure 10-9. GIS window with highlighted map controls
10.5 Map Window
The SMAT-CE Map window displays the results of model results at monitor locations
in the modeling domain. Example results available to view in the Map window include
base and future year model result used in the calculation of RRFs.
To plot results in the Map window either right-click on a model data output file name
in the Data Viewer file list and select Add to Map (Figure 10-5); or click on the Map
tab of the Data Viewer right-hand panel and then double click a model data output file
on the file list. Note that if there is no option to view the data on the map (i.e., only Add
to GIS is displayed) then the selected data are not compatible with the Map view. The
Map view will display the analysis results as a tile plot map with a colored legend that
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uses a legend and color scale that are set according the minimum and maximum values
of the loaded dataset (Figure 10-10).
File * Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP * Single Source Impact Analysis ' USA " Start Page
Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
"4 Data Viewer
Name
liil Project Name
D Annual PM
lillOutput Files
~ Annual PM25 Point
~P
L_) Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
L) Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
iJ Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
L] Quarterly Avg NH4DON Monitors
J Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
~ Quarterly PM25 Point
~ Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
l3 Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
i_3 Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
J High County Sites
I^Log & Msg
~ Log & Msg
y Configuration & Batch File
l_] Configuration & Batch File
-c
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
GIS
Map
Load 11 Extract All | [ Extract Selected |
VNA ® eVNA Send to BenMAP-CE
pm25_q2
pm25_q3
pm25_q4
crustal_ql
crustal_q2
crustal_q3
crustal_q4
nh4_ql
nh4_q2
Double-click legend to reset
scale/color
M.
Data
I®
Chart
Q O
Log/Msg j Config/Batchj
Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
<4.4 8.0 11.6 15.3 18.9 >22.6 Hg/m3
Figure 10-10. SMAT-CE map window
The Map display can be saved quickly by right-clicking anywhere in the map and
selecting one of the three options (Figure 10-11).
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pm25_ql
pm25_q2
pm25_q3
pm25_q4
crustal_ql
crustal_q2
crustal_q3
crustal_q4
nh4_ql
nh4_q2
Double-click legend to reset
scale/color
Baseline Quarterly Peak Model Data
<10.8 20.0 29.2 38.4 47.6 >56.8 jifi/mS
Min = 1.555 at (130,139) Max = 66.055 at (349,102)
Figure 10-11. Map window with right click menu
The configuration options available in the GIS window include:
Zoom and Map Controls. Shown in the red box in Figure 10-12, these options control
zooming in/out, adding county lines, exporting the map image, and overlaying monitor
data on the map image.
Legend Controls. Shown in the blue box in Figure 10-12, this option adjusts the map
legend levels. Double click the color bar to display the legend controls. The legend
controls set the minimum and maximum values of the legend and the indivi dual colors
on the scale.
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' ' GIS ' ' Map
^ ¦_ J
Data m Chart log/Msg Conflg/Bstth
\ .1^ [l9
pm25 ql
pm25_q2
pm25_q3
pm25_q4
crustal _qi
crustal_q2
crustal_q3
crustal_q4
nh4_ql
nh4_q2
Double-click legend to reset
scale/color
Baseline Quarterly Peak Model Data
\ < m
<10.8 20.0 29.2 38.4 47.6 >56.8 ng/m3
Min - 1.555 at <150,1391 Ma* - 66.055 at (349,102)
Figure 10-12. Map window with highlighted map controls
10.6 Data Table Display
The SMAT-CE Data Table window displays the SMAT-CE input and output data in a
tabulated format.
To plot results in the Data Table window either right-click on a file name in the Data
Viewer file list and select View (Figure 10-5); or click on the Data tab of the Data
Viewer right-hand panel and then double click a file on the file list. The Data view will
display the analysis results as a table on the right-hand panel of the Data Viewer window
(Figure 10-13).
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File " Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Single Source Impact Analysis " USA " Start Page
Data Viewer
Name
Cl2) Project Name
13 Annual PM
y Output Files
Annual PM25 Point
l! Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
lD Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
l3 Quarterly Avg NH4 DON Monitors
J Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
lD Quarterly PM25 Point
lD Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
l] Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
l\ Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
[D High County Sites
li2lLog & Msg
l] Log & Msg
^Configuration & Batch File
lD Configuration & Batch File
L
J
Load 11 Extract All [ | Extract Selected
VNA ® eVNA Send to BenMAP-CE
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
0 0
y/i) ™
Map
Data Chart
Log/Msg
Config/Batch
Annual PM25 Point
Quantifiers that must be >= 0
~ b_pm25_ann_DV
~ f_pm25_ann_DV
O b blank mass
O b_crustal_mass
O b_EC_mass
~ b_NH4_mass
O b_Ocmb_mass
O b_S04_mass
O b_N03_mass
O bwatermass
~ b_salt_mass
O f_blank_mass
O f_crustal_mass
O f_EC_mass
[T] f_NH4_mass
app'v
id type STATE_NAME COUNTY^l
010030010
FRM
Alabama
Baldwin
010270001
FRM
Alabama
Clay
010331002
FRM
Alabama
Colbert
010491003
FRM
Alabama
DeKalb
010550010
FRM
Alabama
Etowah
010690003
FRM
Alabama
Houston
010730023
FRM
Alabama
Jefferson
010731005
FRM
Alabama
Jefferson
010731010
FRM
Alabama
Jefferson
010732003
FRM
Alabama
Jefferson
010890014
FRM
Alabama
Madison
< | m | ~
Digits After Decimal Point:
Threshold (% of NAAQS):
b from source to exclude receptors (km):
« i
Show All
Export
Figure 10-13. SMAT-CE Data table window
The configuration and viewing options available in the Data window include:
Variable Filtering. Shown in the red box in Figure 10-14, the list shows the variables
in the data table. Checking the boxes next to the variables and clicking "Apply" will
filter out rows in the table where the values of the selected variable(s) are null (-9).
Data Table. Shown in the yellow box in Figure 10-14, the data table shows the
tabulated results from the selected SMAT-CE data file. The table can be sorted by any
of the columns by left-clicking on the column header.
Data Precision and Export. Shown in the blue box in Figure 10-14, this section of the
data window sets the precision of the values in the table, exports the data to a CSV file,
and removes the filtering selections.
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CIS
Map
Data
m
Chart
log/Mig
Con ft gj Batch
Baseline Quarterly Peak Model Data
Quantifiers that must be >- 0 Data Detail
crustal
nh4
so4
ec
r>o3
oc
m
cm
^
type lat long
130139
39.946411
-107.14183
7716S
41.840206
-115.23772
130140
40.054249
-107.15/61
76165
41.818516
-115.38026
77164
41.733971
-115.20876
76164
41.712311
-115.35108
130138
39.838566
-107.12609
129139
39.934242
-107.28247
129138
39.826412
-107.26651
129121
37.992939
-107.00264
75165
4 ttf
41.796654
-115.52271
I
Apply
Digits After Decimal Point: 4
Threshold (% of NAAQS): 1
Distance from source to exclude receptors (km): 1(
Show All Export
Figure 10-14. Data window with highlighted configuration options
10.7 Chart Display
The SMAT-CE Chart window displays the SMAT-CE input and output data as bar charts.
This type of display is useful for comparing data values, such as design values or
observations, between monitors.
To plot results in the Chart window or click on the Chart tab of the Data Viewer right-
hand panel and then double click a file on the file list on the left-hand panel. The Chart
view will display the analysis results as bars on the right-hand panel of the Data Viewer
window (Figure 10-15).
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File * Analysis - Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP ' Single Source Impact Analysis " USA ' Start Page
Data Viewer
Name
1^21 Project Name
L) Annual PM
y Output Files
G Annual PM25 Point
G Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
G Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
G Quarterly Avg NH4 DON Monitors
G Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
G Quarterly PM25 Point
G Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
~ Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
G Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
G High County Sites
IjjlLog & Msg
G Log & Msg
y Configuration & Batch File
G Configuration & Batch File
1 L
Load 11 Extract All 11 Extract Selected
VNA @ eVNA Send to BenMAP-CE
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
GIS
Map
%
Chart
Log/Msg {to Conffg/Batch|
Type | b_pm25_ann_DV ^ ]
Data Detail
id tyP1—
m
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0
010270001
FRIV
010331002
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010491003
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El
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~
010690003
FRFV
~
010730023
FRIV
~
010731005
FRIV
~
010731010
FRfV
~
010732003
FRIV/
~
010890014
FRfV
~
010970003
FRIV/
~
011011002
FRIV
liFI
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Setting
b_pm25_ann_DV & f_pm25_ann_DV
|u b. pm25_.anri._DV f pm25_ann. DV I
— —
u
/
/
£¦
1
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SMAT-CE User's Guide
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Chart. Shown in the blue box in Figure 10-16, this section of the Chart window
displays the bar chart and includes options to configure the chart. The "Setting" button
displays a window for configuring the chart title and axes, including axis titles and
min/max ranges. Right-clicking on the chart will display a selection box with options
to Copy the chart to the clipboard, export (Save Image As) an image of the chart, Print
the chart, and zoom out (Un-Zoom) from the chart. The Show Point Values right-click
option enables the values of a bar to be displayed when the mouse hovers over the bar.
The Change Title and Legend right-click option enables customization of the variable
names, title, and axes.
Zoom into sections of the chart by left-clicking and dragging a box over the chart region
to highlight. Use the right-click menu to un-zoom.
#11
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<711
Map
& Data % Chart Log/Msg Conftg/BatchJ
Type
Filter
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id
typi
m
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0
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m
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FRfV
m
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FRIV
~
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FRfV
~
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FRIV
~
060990006
FRIV
~
160410001
FRfV
~
061072002
FRfV
~
060990005
FRfV
~
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~
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n
nen/ 7nn.no
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b_pm25_d_DV & f_pm25_d_DV
70
60
50
40
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f pm25 d DV
3
ifi
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an 30
20
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0
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Figure 10-16. Chart window with highlighted configuration options
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10.8 The SMAT-CE Configuration File
Windows batch scripts can be used to run several SMAT-CE analyses in sequence. The
batch script can string together a list of SMET-CE Configuration Files to define the
settings for each analysis. The SMAT-CE Configuration File stores the configuration
options for a completed SMAT Analysis. A Configuration File can be used to duplicate
(re-run) a previously completed analysis or in a batch script to run in sequence with
other analyses. The SMAT-CE Configuration Files (*.cfg) files are saved in the \My
SMAT-CE Files\Result\CFG directory.
An existing Configuration File can also be edited to generate a new set of results,
without having to explicitly set each of the choices made in the previous Configuration.
Stored Configuration Files can be used to run SMAT-CE in batch mode, for example to
run several attainment test analyses using a single batch script
To view a Configuration file from the Data Viewer, either double-click/right-click on
the Configuration & Batch File name in the left-hand window pane (Figure 10-17) or
left-click on the Config/Batch tab in the right-hand window pane.
File * Analysis ' Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Single Source Impact Analysis * USA - Start Page
A71
Data Viewer
Name
ll2) Project Name
Q Annual PM
^Output Files
D Annual PM25 Point
J Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
[3 Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
l_3 Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
J Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
O Quarterly Avg NH4 DON Monitors
lJ Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
Q Quarterly PM25 Point
G Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
J Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
Q Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
Q High County Sites
tiilLog & Msg
[J Log & Msg
U2lConfiguration & Batch File
~
Configuration R Batrh Filp
Ji
Export
] | Extract Selected
Send to BenMAP-CE
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & ma
p)
,{T-
GIS
Map
Data
Chart
Log/Msg
Config/Batch:
j Continental US ~
Domain Selections:
US States
ID Check All
B Delete Checked
B Combine Legend
B 0 Map Layers
Double-click legend to
reset scale/color
Min = 3.460 Max =18.470
Figure 10-17. Viewing a SMAT-CE configuration file
The Configuration file contents will be displayed in the Config/Batch window (Figure
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10-18). Clicking the Edit button in the lower-right corner of this window enables
editing of the configuration file contents. Click three times on the configuration line to
make some changes to the file. After editing the Configuration File, click the Export
button to save it as a new configuration file. The *.cfg file can also be edited outside of
SMAT-CE using a text editor.
Section 5.3 describes how to use Configuration Files in a batch script to run several
SMAT-CE analyses in sequence.
File " Analysis " Data Viewer Expand Viewer DataError-Checking BenMAP " Single Source Impact Analysis " USA * Start Page
14 /
Data Viewer
Name
Project Name
Q Annual PM
^Output Files
[3 Annual PM25 Point
~ Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
D Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
l) Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
[J Quarterly Avg PM2.5 Monitors
D Quarterly Avg Speciated Monitors
U Quarterly Avg NH4 DON Monitors
~ Quarterly Avg Spec Frac Point
Q Quarterly PM25 Point
L_] Used Baseline Quarterly Avg Model Data
CD Used Future Quarterly Avg Model Data
D Used Delta Quarterly Avg Model Data
~ High County Sites
UiiLog & Msg
Li Log & Msg
liiConfiguration & Batch File
Q Configuration & Batch File
Load ] | Extract All [ [ Extract Selected
VNA i§> eVNA Send to BenMAP-CE
Annual PM Analysis
Annual PM
(double-click/right-click files in left panel to view data & map)
Map Data I®
Chart
©o
a Log/Msg Config/Batch
Configuration <|
RunType=RunPM25Quarterly
OutputFileName=C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\My SMAT-CE Files\ResuIt\Project\An
scenarioName=Annual PM
doStandardAnalysis=l
doQuarterlyModelData=l
doUsedQuarterlyAvgModelData=l
doSpeciesFraction=l
doAutomaticallyExtract=l
dolnterpolatedSFETempAdj=0
doBaseOnlyVNA=0
doFutureOnlyVNA=0
dolnterpolatedSFETempAdj_GradAdj=0
doBaseOnlyEvna=0
doFutureOnlyEvna=0
doQuarterlyAvgFilePoint=l
doQuarterlyAvgFileSpatial=0
doQuarterlyAvgFileSpatial_GraAdj=0
doHighCountySites=l
r
a
Edit
Export
Figure 10-18. SMAT-CE Configuration File view
10.9 Exporting Data from SMAT-CE
Output data from the SMAT-CE analyses can be exported to text files. Data export is
most relevant to the Output Files (as opposed to the Configuration & Batch/Log & Msg
Files), which can be viewed and manipulated in external data analysis programs such
as Excel. SMAT-CE generates .CSV files that import cleanly into spreadsheets and
database programs.
The easiest way to export data from SMAT-CE is in the analysis windows. By checking
the box "Automatically Extract All Selected Output Files" on the initial window of a
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SMAT-CE analysis (the same window where the Project Name is set), SMAT-CE will
automatically output the result to .CSV files. Alternatively, the Data Viewer includes
options to export the SMAT-CE results.
The Extract All button at the bottom of the left-hand window pane in the Data Viewer
will initiate an export of the SMAT-CE results. A pop-up window will display for setting
a root output filename and directory path.
To export an individual file, right click on the filename, and choose the Extract option,
or click the Extract Selected button on the bottom left panel of the main window. A
pop-up window will display for setting the output filename and directory path.
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11 Getting Help
Support for SMAT-CE is available from the CMAS Center.
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12 References
Abt, Associates, Inc. 2014. "Modeled Attainment Test Software: User's Manual".
Prepared for Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. EPA. Research
Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 2014. "Memorandum: Draft Modeling Guidance for Demonstrating
Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and Regional Haze". From
Richard Wayland, Division Director - Air Quality Assessment Division, U.S. EPA.
Research Triangle Park, NC.
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United States Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Environmental Protection Air Quality Assessment Division
Agency Research Triangle Park, NC
Publication No. EPA-454/B-22-013
August 2022
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