oEPA Van Phong DSt Dai va Quan Ly CSp Cim EPA 550-R-20-001 Thang Tip 2020 www.epa.gov/rmp United States Environmental Protection Agency DAO LUAT KHONG KHI SACH PHAN 112 (r): QUY TAC KE HOACH QUAN l_V RUI ROI PHONG NGlfA TAI NAN Khi Quoc Hoi thong qua phan SCea Doi Dao Luat Khong Khi Sach nam 1990, Muc 112r da yeu cau EPA cong bo cac quy dinh va huong dan ve phong ngira tai nan hoa chat tai cac co so si> dung cac chat co nguy co gay hai Ion nhat do vo tinh thai ra. Cac guv dinh nay dicoc xay dyng dya tren cac quy tac va tieu chuan nganh hien co va yeu cau cac cong ty thuoc moi quy mo si> dung mot so chat doc hai va de chay dicoc quy dinh dicoc Met ke trong danh sach phat trien Chirong Trinh Quan Ly Rui Ro, bao gom (mot): • Danh gia moi nguy trong do neu chi tiet cac tac dong tiem tang cua mot sy co tinh co, tien si> tai nan trong nam nam qua va danh gia cac tinh huong xau nhat va cac tinh huong phat thai do tai nan thay the; • Chicong trinh phong ngica bao gom cac bien phap phong ngica an toan va cac bien phap bao tri, giam sat va dao tao nhan vien; va • Chicong trinh Ceng pho khan cap bao gom cham soc slpc khoe khan cap, cac bien phap dao tao nhan vien va cac thu tuc de thong bao cho cong chung va cac co quan Ceng pho (vi du, so clpu hoa) neu co tai nan xay ra. Den ngay 21 Thang Sau, 1999, ban torn tat ve chicong trinh quan ly rui ro cua co so (dicoc goi la "Chicong Trinh Quan Ly Rui Ro" hoac "RMP") da dicoc de trinh len EPA. Vao cuoi nam 2019, EPA da co RMP tie khoang 12.000 co so. Cac chicong trinh phai dicoc si>a doi va gi>i lai sau moi nam nam. Tuy nhien, co nh&ng tricong hop khac dicoc mo ta trong cac quy dinh RMP, co the yeu cau de trinh thicong xuyen hon. Cac co so moi phai nop mot RMP hoan chlnh ngay sau khi ho co hoa chat dicoc de cap den vicot qua so licong ngicong cho phep. Chicong Trinh Quan Ly Rui Ro la ve giam thieu rui ro hoa chat o cap dia phicong. Thong tin RMP giup nhan vien clpu hoa, canh sat va Ceng pho khan cap dia phicong (nhCmg ngicoi phai chuan bi va Ceng pho voi cac tai nan hoa chat) va hCm ich cho ngicoi dan trong viec hieu cac moi nguy hoa chat trong cac cong dong. Al DLPQC BAO GOM THEO QUY DjNH CUA RMP? Chu so hQu va ngicoi dieu hanh mot co so (nguon co dinh) san xuat, si> dung, lieu trO hoac xi> ly nhieu hon mot licong ngicong cua mot chat dicoc quy dinh co Met ke trong mot quy trinh, phai thyc hien mot chicong trinh quan ly rui ro va gi>i mot RMP duy nhat cho tat ca cac quy trinh dicoc de cap tai co so vat chat. "Quy trinh" co nghTa la bat ky hoat dong nao lien quan den mot chat dicoc quy dinh trong danh sach, bao gom moi hoat dong si> dung, lieu tru', san xuat, xi> ly hoac van chuyen tai cho cac chat do hoac ket hop cac hoat dong nay. Cac quy dinh khong ap dung cho van chuyen, bao gom ca sy co lieu kho den van chuyen. Tuy nhien, cac cong-te-no van chuyen dicoc si> dung de lieu tru' khong xay ra sy co doi voi van chuyen va cac cong-te-no van chuyen dicoc ket noi voi thiet bi tai nguon tTnh dicoc coi la mot phan cua nguon tinh, va co kha nang dicoc dieu chlnh boi cac quy dinh. Xem thao luan ve kha nang ap dung trong Hwang Pan Chung ve Chwang Trinh Quart Ly Rui Ro de Phdng Ngu>a Tai Nan Hoa Chat (40 CFR Phan 68) de biet them thong tin ve pham vi dieu chlnh. Van Phdng Quan Ly Cip CCru 1 ------- CHl/ONG TRINH QUAN LY RUI THANG BA HOA CHAT NAO DLPQC DAI THO? Quy dinh bao gom Danh Sach Cac Chat Dwac Kiem Soat theo muc 112 (r) cua Dao Luat Khong Khi Sach. bao gom cac tie cfong nghTa va so lu'O'ng ngirong (tinh bang pound) cTe giup danh gia xem quy trinh co tuan theo quy tac Phan 68 hay dieu khoan thue chung hay khong. Cac chat crime quy dinh dime Met ke trong bon bang, hai bang Net ke cac chat doc hai dime quy dinh (theo bang chu' cai va theo so CAS) va hai bang Met ke cac chat de chay dime quy dinh (theo bang chu' cai va theo so CAS). Cac tieu bang da nhan uy quyen chirong trinh Dao Luat Khong Khf Sach, Muc 112 (r) co the co cac yeu cau bo sung doi voi cac hoa chat du'O'c Met ke lien bang va/hoac cac hoa chat du'O'c Met ke bo sung. (GHI CHU: Cac chat de chay du'O'c Met ke du'O'c sir dung lam nhien lieu hoac du'O'c giu' de ban lam nhien lieu tai mot co so ban le khong thuoc pham vi dieu chlnh cua cac quy dinh Phan 68. Tuy nhien, cac chat de chay du'O'c sir dung cho mot so muc dich khac, chang han nhir nguyen lieu hoa hoc hoac khi du'O'c giCr de ban lam nhien lieu tai mot co so ban buon du'O'c dieu chlnh boi cac quy dinh.) Ngirong lu'O'ng doc to nam trong khoang tie 500 den 20,000 pound (can anh). Doi voi tat ca cac chat de chay du'O'c Met ke, so lu'O'ng ngirong la 10,000 pound (can anh). "CAC CAP DO CUA CHLPaNG TRlNH" lA Gl? Mot nguyen tac co ban cua cac quy dinh la "one size does not fit all."(mot quy mo khong phu hop voi tat ca). EPA da phan loai cac qua trinh thanh ba Chicong trinh de dam bao rang cac qua trinh rieng le phai tuan theo cac yeu cau phu hop voi quy mo cua chung va nhCmg rui ro ma chung gay ra. Do do, cac co so khac nhau du'O'c de cap trong cac quy dinh co the co cac yeu cau khac nhau tuy thuoc vao quy trinh cua chung. Chwang Trinh Cap 1 ap dung cho cac quy trinh khong anh hicdng den cong chung trong tinh huong thai ra trong tricong hop xau nhat (theo ngon ngu' cua Phan 68, cac quy trinh "khong co thyc the tiep thu cong cong nao trong khoang each tie mot tricong ho'P thai ra xau nhat" toi diem cuoi) va khong co tai nan voi nhCmg hau qua cu the ben ngoai trong vong nam nam qua. Chicong trinh 1 dat ra cac yeu cau danh gia moi nguy han che va cac yeu cau ve phong ngica tai nan va Ceng pho khan cap toi thieu. Chwang Trinh Cap 2 ap dung cho cac quy trinh khong du dieu kien cho Chicong trinh 1 hoac tuan theo Chicong trinh 3. Chicong trinh 2 ap dat cac yeu cau cua chicong trinh phong ngica tai nan du'O'c sap xep ho'P ly, cung nhic cac yeu cau bo sung ve danh gia, quan ly va Ceng pho khan cap moi nguy hiem. Chwang Trinh Cap 3 doi voi cac quy trinh khong du dieu kien cho Chicong trinh 1 va tuan theo tieu chuan Quan Ly An Toan Quy Trinh (PSM) cua OSHA theo cac chicong trinh OSHA cua lien bang hoac tieu bang hoac du'O'c phan loai theo mot trong micoi ma He thong Phan Loai Cong Nghiep Bac My (NAICS) cu the. Chicong trinh 3 ap dung tieu chuan PSM cua OSHA lam chicong trinh phong ngica tai nan cung nhic cac yeu cau danh gia, quan ly, va Ceng pho khan cap bo sung. Dya tren tiem nang han che cua chung doi voi cac hau qua nghiem trong ben ngoai, cac co so khong bat buoc phai thyc hien chicong trinh phong ngica, chicong trinh Ceng pho khan cap, hoac he thong quan ly cho cac qua trinh cua Chicong trinh 1. Cac co so co quy trinh trong Chicong trinh 2 va Chicong trinh 3 phai giai quyet tipng yeu to trong so ba yeu to RMP du'O'c mo ta o tren cho cac quy trinh do. De biet them thong tin chi tiet, hay tham khao Hwang Dan Chung ve Chwang Trinh Quan Ly Rui Ro de Phdng Ngwa Tai Nan Hoa Chat (40 CFR Phan 68) hoac mot trong cac tai lieu hwang dan danh rieng cho nganh hien co de giai thich ve nhCmg gi lien quan den tieng yeu to RMP. BAN Ol OAU BE BIET THEM THONG TIN? Van Phdng Quan Ly Cip Cuu 2 ------- CHl/ONG TRINH QUAN LY RUI THANG BA Truy cap trang Web cua Chwang Trinh Quart Lv Rui Ro tai www.epa.aov/rmp cTe biet thong tin hien tai va cfang ky danh sach cTe nhan cac ban cap nhat cfinh ky. Van Phdng Quart Ly Cip Cuu 3 ------- |