xvEPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency



| Update on the Tittabawassee River, Saginaw River & Bay Cleanup

Volume 4, No. 1

River Cleanup Progress for Segment 1 and Segment 2

EPA has targeted certain areas for cleanup in both Segment
1 and 2. They are called Sediment Management Areas, or
SMAs. In Segment 2, EPA has also targeted riverbanks for
cleanup in stretches called Bank Management Areas, or
BMAs.

Segment 1

Work is nearly complete on Segment 1. EPA began the
cleanup in 2012 and work continued this year. Segment 1
is the 3-mile stretch of the Tittabawassee River next to the
Dow Chemical Co. plant in Midland. A big focus of the
Segment 1 cleanup has been removing and treating dense
non-aqueous phase liquid, or DNAPL. DNAPL is a highly
contaminated oily liquid that's heavier than water and does
not dissolve. After the DNAPL is collected, it is sent to
Dow s incinerator for disposal.

In 2013, workers installed containment systems at three
SMAs to isolate contaminated sediment. Sheet pile walls
were used as part of the containment system to control and
minimize the flow of water. After the sheet pile walls were
installed, the contaminated material was covered with a
cap to keep it in place. DNAPL was pumped out, collected
and incinerated through November. So far more than
4,000 gallons of DNAPL have been pumped from areas in
Segment 1.

Segment 2

Segment 2 is the next stretch of the river to be cleaned up.
EPA has studied Segment 2 extensively, taking many samples
and evaluating sediment and riverbanks along this 4-mile
stretch to see how they change or erode over time. EPA has

Segment 1 Phase 2 Cleanup Work in 2013

Workers isolate contaminated
sediment with sheet pile.

Workers install a geosynthetic
liner, a clay and fabric-like
material.

Machines are used to install an
armor layer of the cap that is
made up of rocks and stone.

A sand layer of the cap is
installed.

Some of Segment 2's Previous Projects

Reach J Capping Pilot

Reach 0
Sediment Removal

Reach J/K Bank
Removal

Reach M and O
Riverbank Pilot

Reach N
Riverbank Project

Capping areas covered 12,000
square feet of river bottom and
promoted natural depositon of
clean sediment.

HfcBrTk v

Temporary sheet pile was
installed before 22,000
cubic yards of sediment was
removed.



Removed 32,000 cubic yards
of contaminated soil and 300
mature trees, and reconstructed
1,800 feet of riverbank.

Many technologies
a "Green Wall" were used to
stabilize the riverbanks.

Erosion control measures were
taken and the riverbank was
reshaped at Reach N.

See River Cleanup Progress on Page 2

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Winter 2014

OUR RIVERS
TODAY

River Cleanup Progress from Page I 	

also been involved in studies to show how contaminants
build up in the food chain. For more information on how
contaminants build up in the food chain, see the Fall 2012
Our Rivers Today newsletter at

www.epa.gov/region5/cleanup/dowchemical/newsletters.htm.

Dioxin is the main contaminant in Segment 2. Some areas
have high levels of dioxin; in other areas the contamination is
not as high. Since each area is different, EPA's cleanup plan
calls for a combination of steps. In some areas, workers will
cover or stabilize the contamination to stop it from moving. In
other areas, workers will dig up and haul away contaminated
sediment. Still in other areas, EPA will monitor and maintain
work that has already been done.

Segment 2 SMAs include sediment that contains higher
levels of dioxin that built up over time. The BMAs have
been identified by three criteria:

•	Banks were formed during the industrial age as
floods deposited levees.

•	These banks are the least stable.

•	Erosion could be a significant way for dioxin to get
back into the river.

EPA has two main cleanup goals for Segment 2:

•	Reduce the spread of contaminated riverbank soil
and sediment to keep dioxin levels low in Segment 2
and farther downstream.

•	Help keep dioxin from building up in fish.

The cleanup plan for Segment 2 builds on previous cleanup
work. Segment 2 cleanup will take about two years. Work
in the river will start in spring of 2014 and is expected to
be complete in fall of 2015. Plans are being developed now
for the first phase of work.

Future Floodplain Cleanup

EPA expects to formally propose a cleanup plan in 2014 for
the Tittabawassee River floodplain. The public will be able
to comment on that plan before it is final. To ensure that EPA
has as much infonnation as possible, the Agency reached out
to property owners and others who may be affected. EPA held
more than 20 meetings between March and September 2013.
Almost 100 floodplain residents, farmers and business owners
came to share information and offer feedback regarding the
tentative plan.

Floodplain Land Use

EPA's goal was to share information and to learn what is
important to floodplain residents and others for the future of

Estimated current land use of the floodplain.

the floodplain. Floodplain residents, farmers, business owners
and others learned about current floodplain conditions and the
effects of different cleanup options. EPA learned that people
want to keep natural and undeveloped areas the same or make
them an even more natural environment. Still others said they
wanted to keep the floodplain as it is now.

Cleanup Options and Tradeoffs

EPA is considering soil removal and disposal or soil cover,
combined with land-use management, as cleanup options.
Each option protects people and the environment and each
has some tradeoffs or impacts to consider. Those attending
the meetings took part in an exercise to identify what was
important to them when considering cleanup options. Here
are the results:

•	Future land use Limiting building or other
development in the floodplain, especially in areas where
people and animals may be exposed to contamination,
is slightly more important to the participants than
flexibility in how the land is used in the future.

•	Impacts to existing ecosystems and habitats.
Landowners are interested in preserving, protecting
or improving the ecosystem during cleanup, and in
concentrating the work in the most contaminated areas.

•	Amount of time to implement cleanup and achieve
protection. Many want to see the cleanup work done
as quickly as possible and asked EPA to give priority
to cleaning up residential or recreational areas first.

		See Future Floodplain Cleanup on Page 3

Active
agriculture

Undeveloped/
low use/
natural

54%

Shiawassee
NWR
16%

Commercial
4%

Residential
maintained

5%

Public parks

3%

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Winter 2014

OUR RIVERS
TODAY

Future Floodplain Cleanup from Page 2 	

Taking more time to accomplish the cleanup could be
acceptable if the cleanup plan is in line with what the
community wants.

•	Reliance on monitoring and maintenance. The

landowners are split in their beliefs about the
effectiveness of a cleanup that relies on monitoring and
maintenance. They believe that the most contaminated
or most highly used areas should rely the least on
monitoring and maintenance.

•	Short-term impacts to community. The participants
agreed that the community and workers must be
protected during the cleanup. Some short-term impacts
like noise and truck traffic might be acceptable as long
as the cleanup is what the community wants.

•	Cost of cleanup. Overall, participants agreed that cost
should not be a limiting factor in the cleanup, especially
in areas where there is more contamination.

Common Questions and Comments

Floodplain property owners had many questions and
comments during the meetings. People were interested in
details of how the floodplain cleanup would be done, the time
it would take to do the cleanup and how the cleanup would
affect them. People had questions about flooding, especially
during the spring sessions. Many also had concerns about the
risk of dioxin to them and their families.

Next Steps

The information from the meetings gives EPA a better
understanding of local concerns about the tradeoffs and
impacts of the cleanup options. It also shares insight into how
the community would like to see the floodplain used in the
future. The questions and comments will help EPA develop
a cleanup plan for the Tittabawassee River floodplain and
will guide EPA's efforts to continue to share information and
receive feedback.

A full report on this outreach effort will be provided in the
spring at: www.epa.gov/region5/cleanup/dowchemical.

Could the Floodplain Become
Contaminated Again?

Here's a question many of you have asked, especially
during EPA's floodplain outreach meetings: Is it possible for
Tittabawassee floodplain property to become re-contaminated
after cleanup?

EPA shares that concern, so the Agency will design the
final cleanup plan of the floodplain properties to avoid
recontamination. Cleanups have started upstream in the
sediment and riverbank soil of the Tittabawassee River.

Once the upstream segment of the river is cleaned, there
will be less contamination moving downstream affecting
properties along the river. It's common sense to start the river
cleanup upstream and continue downstream because this will
lessen and eventually stop the recontamination of properties
downstream. Floodplain properties will be cleaned up at the
same time or shortly after the nearby river segment.

Because cleanup of the entire Tittabawassee River and
floodplain will take several years, EPA has taken - and will
continue to take - action on properties that frequently flood
and are actively used. These are called "interim actions."
They are intended to limit contact with contaminated
floodplain soil until the final cleanup is complete.

Remembering
Roosevelt Abraham

Roosevelt Abraham, 80, an avid fisherman and local "River
Walker," died June 7,2013. He reached out to fellow anglers
and helped them learn about Michigan's Eat Safe Fish
Guide. He was committed to the River Walkers program (see
Our Rivers Today, Fall 2012) and was a trusted source of
information on eating safer fish.

Mr. Abraham's life was much more. His funeral was a
testament of a life well lived, one full of family, fellowship
and friendship. He raised nine children and had many
grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He was devoted to his
family, friends, career and community.

Born in 1933 in Marengo County, Alabama, Mr. Abraham
moved to Mchigan in search of a career and a better life,
which he found in Saginaw. He worked 30 years for General
Motors Delphi Automotive. After retiring from GM in 2001,
he was not satisfied with just fishing - he went back to
work. He spent the past five summers working for the First
Ward Community Center traveling along the Tittabawassee
and Saginaw Rivers sharing his knowledge of safe fish
consumption with anglers. He was a partner with the state of
Mchigan and EPA and was a friendly and reliable source of
public health information.

Mr. Abraham's contribution to public health will be
remembered by all the people he served and those who
worked with him.

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ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION ...

This is EPA's newsletter about the cleanup of the
Tittabawassee River, Saginaw River and Bay site. We
welcome feedback and ideas for future articles. If
you would like to receive this semi-annual newsletter,
contact EPA Community Involvement Coordinator
Patricia Krause, Superfund Division (SI-7J), 77 W. Jackson
Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604. You may email krause.patricia@
epa.gov, or call toll-free, 800-621-8431, Ext. 69506,
9:30 a.m. - 5:30 p.m., weekdays.

Learn more about the cleanup

You can see cleanup-related documents at
www.epa.eov/region5/cleanup/dowchemical or
at these information repositories: Grace A. Dow
Memorial Library, 1710 W. Saint Andrews St., Midland;
Hoyt Main Library, 505 Janes Ave., Saginaw; Alice and
Jack Wirt Public Library, 500 Center Ave., Bay City.

EPA's Saginaw Community Information Office is open
Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. at
804 S. Hamilton St., Suite 3. Staff may be out doing
site work, so please cail 989-401-5509 to make sure
someone is available.

Update on the Tittabawassee River,
Saginaw River & Bay Cleanup

Using a combination of different stabilization methods
stops the erosion of contamination from the riverbank in
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