CASCADE CHEMICAL SITE INSPECTION REPORT
TDD: 96-07-0005
Contract No: 68-W6-0008
December 19, 1996
REGION X
START,
SUPERFUND TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT & RESPONSE TEAM
Prepared for:
- - ^ J
SSL
EPA
Office of Environmental Cleanup
Region X
DAVID BENNETT
TASK MONITOR
Prepared by:
ecology and environment, inc.
Seattle, Washington (206) 624-9537
International Specialists in the Environment
CARL PALLADINO
PROJECT MANAGER
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SITE INSPECTION REPORT
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2 SITE BACKGROUND 2-1
2.1 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION 2-1
2.2 SITE OPERATIONS AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS 2-1
2.3 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS 2-6
3 FIELD ACTIVITIES AND ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL 3-1
3.1 SAMPLE LOCATIONS AND METHODOLOGIES 3-1
3.1.1 Surface Soil Samples 3-1
3.1.2 Subsurface Soil Samples 3-5
3.1.3 Groundwater Samples 3-5
3.2 ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL 3-5
4 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL 4-1
4.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES 4-1
4.2 DATA VALIDATION 4-1
4.3 PROJECT-SPECIFIC DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES 4-1
4.3.1 Precision and Accuracy 4-2
4.3.2 Representativeness 4-2
4.3.3 Comparability 4-2
4.3.4 Completeness 4-2
4.4 LABORATORY AND FIELD QA/QC PARAMETERS 4-2
5 POTENTIAL SOURCE SAMPLING 5-1
5.1 SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS AND SAMPLING 5-1
5.2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS 5-2
6 MIGRATION/EXPOSURE PATHWAYS AND TARGETS 6-1
6.1 GROUNDWATER MIGRATION PATHWAY 6-1
6.2 SURFACE WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY 6-3
6.3 SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAY 6-5
6.4 AIR PATHWAY 6-6
7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7-1
8 REFERENCES 8-1
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
A PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION A-l
B QUALITY ASSURANCE REVIEWS B-l
C USING QUALIFIED DATA TO DOCUMENT AN OBSERVED RELEASE
(EPA OSWER Publication 9285.7-14FS) C-l
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
2-1 Location Map 2-2
2-2 Site Map 2-3
2-3 Chemical Inventory Map 2-4
3-1 Sample Location Map 3-3
6-1 Site Range of Influence Map 6-2
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
3-1 Sample Summary 3-2
3-2 Sample Descriptions 3-4
5-1 Soil Laboratory Analytical Results 5-3
5-2 Soil Field Screening Analytical Results 5-5
6-1 Groundwater Drinking Water Populations within a 4-Mile Radius 6-4
6-2 Populations within a 1-Mile Radius 6-5
6-3 Populations and Sensitive Environments within a 4-Mile Radius 6-6
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1. INTRODUCTION
Ecology and Environment, Inc., (E&E) was tasked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to provide technical support for the completion of a site investigation (SI) at Cascade Chemical
located in Clackamas, Oregon. E&E conducted SI activities under Technical Directive Document No.
96-07-0005, issued under EPA Region X Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team
(START) Contract Number No. 68-W6-0008. The specific goals for the SI were to:
c Determine whether a release to soil and/or groundwater has occurred;
c Evaluate the need for a removal action; and
c Determine whether additional sampling/investigation at the site is warranted.
Activities conducted as a part of this SI included: reviewing previous information concerning the
site; gathering new information; conducting sampling activities; and preparing an SI report summarizing
the findings. The SI sampling event was intended to be a limited investigation of potential on-site
contaminant sources at the facility.
This document includes a discussion of background information regarding the site (Section 2); a
description of field activities and analytical protocol (Section 3); quality assurance/quality control
procedures (Section 4); a description of source sampling (Section 5); a description of migration/exposure
pathways (Section 6); a summary of investigation findings and conclusions (Section 7); and a list of
references (Section 8).
1-1
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2. SITE BACKGROUND
2.1 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The Cascade Chemical (Cascade) facility is an inactive chemical company located in an industrial
area of Clackamas, Oregon (Figure 2-1). Cascade manufactured a wide variety of chemicals including
strippers, treatment chemicals, pet care products, photographic chemicals, and tire sealants from pure
chemical products. The site property is approximately 40 feet wide and 70 feet deep with a single
building which occupies most of the lot, leaving only a 5-foot easement between the southwest and
northeast property boundaries, no easement northwest (behind) the building, and a 30-foot easement
southeast (in front) of the building (Figure 2-2). The property is bounded on the southwest by Bill's
Datsun Shoppe, on the northwest by Architectural Metalcrafters, on the northeast by All Star Machines
and AJK Precision Sheet Metal, and on the southeast by Southeast Evelyn Street. The property
containing Architectural Metalcrafters is the location of the former Carson Oil Company land-farm which
treated petroleum-contaminated soils. The nearest residence is approximately 200 feet east of the
facility. The on-site building was constructed in 1974 - 1975 by another chemical company which,
for a short time, manufactured a variety of chemicals. Mr. Andrew Lambie purchased the company in
1976 and acted as president and operator of Cascade Chemical until August 1996 when the business was
closed (ODEQ 1995). Mr. Lambie is currently the majority stockholder of Cascade.
2.2 SITE OPERATIONS AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
The company was in the business of chemical formulation from approximately 1976 until 1996.
Mixing of chemical products predominately took place in one mixing tank located in the southwest area
of the building. In 1994, an inventory of chemicals used at the facility showed the primary hazardous
substances to be thousands of gallons of alcohols and petroleum-based solvents, stored in a variety of
tanks and containers as follows; a 1,500-gallon tank of methylene chloride; 500-gallon tanks of toluene
and acetone; and hundreds of gallons of inorganic acids, including hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid,
and sulfuric acid stored in numerous container types (Figure 2-3) (ODEQ 1995).
2-1
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MRE
Date
12-4-96
TDD/Job No.
AG0501SITO
Dwg. No,
AG0501F1
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Clackamas, Oregon
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BUILDING INVENTORY
Drawn By:
MRE
Date
12-4-96
TDD/Job No,
AGosoisrro
Dwg. No,
AG0501F4
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A 1,100-gallon underground storage tank (UST) containing methanol was removed from the area
located adjacent and southwest of the parking lot in October 1990. A soil sample collected from under
the tank contained 250 parts per million (ppm) oil-range petroleum hydrocarbons. A subsequent sample
of this soil showed no detectable levels of methanol or other VOCs, however, the detection limit for
methanol was relatively high at 300 ppm. Mr. Lambie stated in a letter to the Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality (ODEQ) that the area of the UST was paved in 1990 and that the petroleum
detection may have been caused by asphalt bits that had fallen into the tank excavation. The ODEQ UST
Section accepted this explanation and closed the file on January 30, 1991 (ODEQ 1995).
In June 1995, a local resident notified the South Metro Fire Prevention Office (South Metro), the
local fire department, of a chemical release occurring at Cascade, evidenced by "fuming barrels" and "two
people running around with gas masks". South Metro responded to the scene and verified that an
unknown liquid had been released from a drum labeled "poison" in front of the business. No cleanup of
the spilled material was attempted since the situation appeared stable. The notifying resident indicated
that over the past several years, he had witnessed other similar releases/disposal incidents (ODEQ 1995).
The START conducted a site visit at Cascade on August 29, 1996. During the visit, several tanks
and drums and numerous small containers of chemicals were observed within the building. A compre-
hensive inventory of chemicals in the facility was not conducted, however, the general types of chemicals
observed is provided below (E&E 1996):
c All-bright Germicidal Cleanser, manufactured by Cascade Chemical, contents: n-Alkyl
(60% C14, 30% C16, 5% C12, 5% C18) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides 2.25%, n-Alkyl
(68% C12, 32% C14) dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides 2.25%, Inert ingredients,
95.5%;
c Chlorine Buffer Solution;
c FOSFAMIDE N, manufactured by Textilane, Division of Henkel;
c Bio-Slime Retardant (Methanol), manufactured by Bether Products;
c Miracle Cold Stripper, manufactured by Cascade Chemical, contents: Methylene chloride,
Methanol, Toluene, organic acids;
c Miracle Aircraft Grade Remover or Super Stripper, manufactured by Cascade Chemical,
contents: Methylene chloride, Methanol, Toluene, Hydrofluoric acid;
c Miracle Sander Wipe Off Paint Remover (Flammable), manufactured by Cascade Chemical,
contents: Methylene chloride, Methanol, Toluene, organic acids;
c Amyl Acetate;
2-5
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c Copper Etchant;
c Corrosives (Unknown species);
c Nitric Acid;
c Di-octyl phthalate, manufactured by Cascade Chemical; and
c Yippee Pet Shampoo, manufactured by Cascade Chemical, contents: Pyrethrins and other
ingredients.
Mr. Lambie stated that these chemicals have been sold or were in the process of being sold to
other manufacturers that make products formerly manufactured by Cascade. The concrete floor of the
building was observed to be stained, corroded, and pitted, and to contain many small cracks. The area
around and under the mixing tank was noted as having dark stains and a thick layer of unknown
substances on the floor. Electrical conduits were observed to be corroded, as was most metal in the
building consisting of light fixtures, carts, piping, and steel support structures. Some gaps in the floor to
wall interface also were observed. Outside the building, the START observed two areas of stained soil:
one on the southwest side of the building, below the vent for the large mixing tank, and one approxi-
mately 4 feet north of this location, below another vent. Further, two areas of stressed vegetation were
observed on the northeast side of the building (E&E 1996). (See Section 5 for further discussion of these
areas).
Mr. Lambie stated during the site visit that, historically, spills inside the building were cleaned up
with absorbent and disposed in a dumpster, however, a hydrofluoric acid spill that occurred in 1996 was
cleaned up with neutralizing powder.
2.3 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
In June 1990, ODEQ received a citizen complaint regarding odors and occasional "clouds of
smoke" emanating from the facility prompting a visit by an ODEQ inspector in July 1990. The inspector
noted "many barrels of chemicals strewn about". A formal ODEQ follow-up site visit was conducted in
February 1993 by hazardous waste inspectors, however, this inspection was aborted because the
inspectors believed conditions inside the building to be unsafe due to the presence of open containers and
floor spills. Mr. Lambie stated during this site visit that Cascade did not generate any hazardous wastes.
Following the site visit, ODEQ notified its Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program
and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in Oregon with regard to apparent
hazards at the facility (ODEQ 1995).
2-6
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An OSHA inspection conducted in May 1993 resulted in 24 safety violations and a fine of
$11,070. Following this penalty, Mr. Lambie dismissed his one employee, allegedly so OSHA
regulations would no longer apply to his business. A subsequent visit conducted by a South Metro
Hazardous Materials Specialist in November 1994, determined that the facility could not continue its
business and comply with fire and building codes. This office continued to work with Cascade to resolve
fire safety and chemical storage issues until Cascade closed (ODEQ 1995).
2-7
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3. FIELD ACTIVITIES AND ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL
Field sampling activities at Cascade conducted as part of this SI were performed by START
members on October 13, 1996. A description of the SI field work, including: site activities; sampling
rationale; sample types, quantities, and locations; and sample collection methods, is presented in the
following section.
The numbers and types of samples collected, analytical methods, specific requirements for sample
container size and type, and sample preservation and holding times, are presented in Table 3-1. SI field
activities were conducted in accordance with a Quality Assurance Sampling Plan (QASP) that was
approved by the EPA Task Monitor prior to field activities (E & E 1996). As stated in the QASP, the
number of samples collected and the locations identified were, in some cases, dependent upon actual
conditions encountered upon arrival at the site. Deviations from the QASP are discussed below. Further,
an inventory of chemicals remaining in the building was not conducted as required in the QASP because
the building could not be accessed since Mr. Lambie could not meet the field team during the sampling
event. Photographic documentation of site activities is provided in Appendix A.
3.1 SAMPLE LOCATIONS AND METHODOLOGIES
Figure 3-1 depicts the general locations of samples collected during the SI. Table 3-2 provides a
list of sample numbers, sample depths, collection date and time, and a brief description of sample
locations. The following sections describe matrix-specific sample locations and rationale, and sampling
methodologies employed.
3.1.1 Surface Soil Samples
A total of five surface soil samples were collected during the Cascade SI, including one back-
ground sample as defined in Table 3-2. The remaining four samples were from suspected contaminated
sources. Grass, leaves, other organic material, and debris (when present) were removed from the samples
prior to sample collection. All samples were grab samples collected from the upper 0 to 2 inches of soil
from an approximately 6-inch diameter area and consisted of mostly sand. Samples were collected using
a dedicated stainless steel spoon and large pieces of gravel were removed
3-1
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TABLE 3-1
SAMPLE SUMMARY
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
Matrix
Analytical
Parameter
Method
Required
Detection
Limits
Container
Type and
Sample Vol-
ume
Preservative
Holding
Time
DQO
Level
Quality Control Samples
Blanks
(1)
PE
(2)
MS
(3)
MSD
(3)
Repli-
cates
(4)
Total
Field
Samples
Soil
VOCs
8260A
Per Method
1 x 4 oz VOA
glass jar
4 C
14 days
Water
VOCs
8260A
Per Method
4 x 40 ml VOA
glass vials
pH < 2 with
HCI, 4°C
7 days
(1) Specify type: trip, rinsate, transfer.
(2) Performance Evaluation Samples (optional for QA 1, mandatory for QA 2) if available.
(3) For organic analyses, a matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate are performed at a freguency of 1 set per 10 samples; for inorganic analyses, a matrix spike is performed at a
freguency of 1 per 10 samples (no matrix spike duplicate is performed); QA 2 reguiresthat one sample and it's corresponding matrix spike are analyzed in replicates of 8.
(4) The number of replicate samples that will be used to determine error and bias.
c
Celsius
DQO -
Data Quality Objective
HCI
Hydrochloric Acid
ml
Milliliters
MS
Matrix Spike
MSD -
Matrix Spike Duplicate
oz
¦ ounce
PE
Performance Evaluation
QA
Quality Assurance
VOA -
Volatile Organic Analyte
VOCs -
Volatile Organic Compounds
3-2
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Sample No.
Depth (bgs)
96100002
0-2"
Sample No.
Depth (bgs)
96100003
0-2"
96100006
2'
96100007
3.5'
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Sample No.
Depth (bgs)
96100001
0-2"
CASCADE CHEMICAL BUILDING
Location of Mixing Tank
Vent
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Sample No.
Depth (bgs)
96100004
0-2"
Sample No.
Depth (bgs)
96100005
0-2"
KEY
Sample No.
Depth (bgs)
96100008
1.15'
Entry Door
-Parking Lot-
(^) = Soil Sample Location
(•) = Groundwater Sample Location
= Stained Soil
I = Stressed Vegetation
bgs = Below Ground Surface
Not to Scale
ecology and environment, inc.
I&JI International Specialists in the Environment
Seattle, Washington
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
Figure 3-1
SAMPLE LOCATION MAP
Drawn By:
MRE
Date
12-4-96
TDD/Job No,
AGosoisrro
Dwg. No,
AG0501F3
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TABLE 3-2
SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
Sample No.
Sample Type
Depth Be-
low Ground
Surface
Date
Time
Location/Description
96100001
Background Soil
0-2"
10/13/96
1530
Behind Cascade approximately 4 feet
from building
96100002
Surface Soil
0-2"
10/13/96
1533
Stained soil on southwest side of Cas-
cade, approximately 18 feet from the
south corner of the building
96100003
Surface Soil
0-2"
10/13/96
1535
Stained soil on southwest side of Cas-
cade below the mixing tank vent,
approximately 14 feet from the south
corner of the building
96100004
Surface Soil
0-2"
10/13/96
1553
Area of stressed vegetation on
northeast side of
Cascade, approximately 32 feet from -
east corner of building
96100005
Surface Soil
0-2"
10/13/96
1558
Area of stressed vegetation on
northeast side of
Cascade, approximately 11 feet from -
east corner of building
96100006
Subsurface Soil
2'
10/13/96
1605
Stained soil on southwest side of Cas-
cade below the mixing tank vent
96100007
Subsurface Soil
3.5'
10/13/96
1615
Stained soil on southwest side of Cas-
cade below the mixing tank vent
96100008
Ground-
water
7.75'
10/13/96
1645
Approximately 4 feet from the south
corner of Cascade building
3-4
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before placing the soil in the appropriate sample containers. Samples were stored on ice in coolers.
3.1.2 Subsurface Soil Samples
Two subsurface soil samples were collected from one boring during the Cascade SI as defined in
Table 3-2. The subsurface samples were collected at 2 feet and 3.5 feet below ground surface (bgs). The
boring was not advanced to groundwater as prescribed in the QASP due to auger refusal. Both samples
were of sandy soils. Samples were collected using decontaminated stainless steel hand augers. Large
pieces of gravel were removed before placing the soil in appropriate sample containers and samples were
stored on ice in coolers.
3.1.3 Groundwater Samples
One groundwater sample was collected during the SI from a boring drilled near the south corner
of the facility to determine whether groundwater beneath the site has been impacted from site activities.
The boring was drilled using a truck-mounted cone penetrometer (Geoprobe™) with an inertia tube
sampler to collect the groundwater. First, Geoprobe™ rods were hammered into the soil to groundwater
depth which was encountered at approximately 7.75 feet bgs. The inertia tube was inserted into the rod
and oscillated, thus causing a check valve to trap groundwater in the tube. Once the tube overflowed
from its top, a groundwater sample was collected directly from the inertia tube into the appropriate
sample containers. Samples were preserved with hydrochloric acid and stored on ice in coolers.
3.2 ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL
Samples collected during field activities were submitted to a fixed laboratory for volatile organic
compound (VOCs) analysis (EPA Method 8260A). Further, all soil sample locations were field
screening with a flame ionization detector (FID). All samples collected were submitted for non-routine,
CLP-equivalent, fixed laboratory analysis to Maxim Analytical Laboratory in Billings, Montana.
3-5
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4. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) data are necessary to determine precision and
accuracy, to demonstrate the absence of interferences, and to demonstrate the absence of contamination
on sampling equipment, glassware, reagents, etc. Specific QC requirements for laboratory analyses are
incorporated in the analytical method performed by the laboratory. The analytical method for all samples
was EPA Method 8260A and the method QC requirements were followed for analytical work on the
Cascade SI.
4.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
One matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) sample was collected for each matrix
sampled during the SI. One soil (96100001) and one groundwater sample (96100008) was used for
MS/MSD purposes (the MS/MSD samples did not constitute a separate sample). The analytical
laboratory analyzed several QC samples for quality assurance purposes according to EPA Method
8260A. The QC samples analyzed were initial and continuing calibration, blanks, matrix spike and
matrix spike duplicates, and laboratory control samples.
4.2 DATA VALIDATION
The START performed data validation according to EPA's OSWER Directive "Quality Assur-
ance/Quality Control Guidance for Removal Activities, Data Validation Procedures" (EPA/540/G-
90/004), and when applicable, the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response Publication "USEPA
Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review" (EPA 540/R-
94/012). The results of these reviews and the associated data validation memoranda are provided with
the laboratory data forms in Appendix B.
4.3 PROJECT-SPECIFIC DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES
The laboratory data was reviewed to ensure that data quality objectives (DQOs) specified in the
QASP were met for the project. The laboratories' ability to meet the project DQOs for precision,
accuracy, representativeness, comparability, and completeness is described below.
4-1
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4.3.1 Precision and Accuracy
Precision and accuracy measures the reproducibility of the sampling and analytical methodology.
Precision is defined as the relative percent difference (RPD) between duplicate samples analyses.
Laboratory duplicate samples measure the precision of the analytical method; field duplicate samples
measure the precision of the field and analytical methods. Accuracy is defined as the matrix spike
percent recovery of the spiked samples' analytes. Laboratory matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate
samples and native spike samples measure the accuracy of the analytical method.
Laboratory matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate samples were taken during the SI to measure
accuracy of the analytical methods. A review of the data indicates that QC criteria was met.
4.3.2 Representativeness
Data representativeness expresses the degree to which sample data accurately and precisely
represent a characteristic of a population, parameter variations at a sampling point, or an environmental
condition. The number and selection of samples were determined in the field to accurately account for
site variations and sample matrices. The DQOs for representativeness were met.
4.3.3 Comparability
Comparability is a qualitative parameter expressing the confidence with which one data set can be
compared with another. Data produced for this site followed applicable field sampling techniques and
specific analytical methodology. The DQOs for comparability were met.
4.3.4 Completeness
Data completeness is defined as the percentage of usable data (usable data divided by the total
possible data). All laboratory data were reviewed for data validation and usability. The DQOs for
completeness were met.
4.4 LABORATORY AND FIELD QA/QC PARAMETERS
Laboratory data was also reviewed for holding times. All sample analyses met holding time
criteria. The complete data review can be found in the data quality assurance review memoranda located
in Appendix B. In general, the laboratory and field QA/QC were considered acceptable.
4-2
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5. POTENTIAL SOURCE SAMPLING
Potential waste sources, sample locations, and analytical results are described in this section. A
discussion of the groundwater sample analytical results is provided in Section 6 (Migration/Exposure
Pathways and Targets). Analytical data forms from laboratory analysis are provided in Appendix B.
5.1 SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS AND SAMPLING
Two areas of stained soil and two areas of stressed vegetation were investigated as potential
sources of contamination at the site. The two areas of stained soil are located on the southwest side of
the Cascade building: one approximately 14 feet northwest of the south corner of the building and one
approximately 18 feet northwest of the south corner of the building. Both have approximate dimensions
of 1 foot by 2 feet and both appear to be the result of spills originating from within the building that
seeped through the foundation to wall interface, then ran down the side of the foundation to the soils.
The stain located approximately 14 feet northwest of the south corner of the building was adjacent to the
mixing tank vent. Further, the floor surrounding the mixing tank was heavily stained indicating
numerous spills in the area and could have been the source of the soil stain. The extent of subsurface
contamination is not known, but it is suspected that soils beneath the building foundation also may be
contaminated. A surface soil sample was collected from each of these two areas (96100002 and
96100003, respectively). In addition, two subsurface soil samples were collected from one boring drilled
in the stained soil area adjacent to the mixing tank vent (i.e., at the same location as surface soil sample
96100003) at 2 feet and 3.5 feetbgs (96100006 and 96100007, respectively).
The two areas of stressed vegetation are located on the northeast side of the Cascade building, one
approximately 32 feet from the east corner of the building (covering an area approximately 4 feet by 1
foot) and one approximately 11 feet from the east corner of the building (covering an area approximately
3 feet by 1 foot). One surface soil sample was collected from each of these areas (96100004 and
96100005, respectively).
A background soil sample (96100001) was collected from soils approximately 4 feet from the
northwest side (rear) of the Cascade building, between Cascade and Architectural Metalcrafters.
5-1
-------
5.2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS
Analytical results of potential source samples are presented in Table 5-1 (laboratory data) and
Table 5-2 (field screening data). Laboratory results indicating elevated concentrations of contaminants
with respect to background are underlined in Table 5-1. Elevated concentrations are those concentrations
that are:
c Equal to or greater than the sample's sample quantitation limit (SQL); and
c Equal to or greater than the background sample's SQL when the background concentration
is not detected; or
c At least three times greater than the background concentration when the background
concentration equals or exceeds the detection limit.
For analytical results that are qualified as estimated, the sample concentration was adjusted as
described in "Using Qualified Data to Document an Observed Release" (OSWER Publication 9285.7-
14FS, June 1994) (Appendix C) prior to determining whether the concentration is elevated. Estimated
analytes not listed in this reference were not evaluated. The bias for estimated results was not determined
because all such concentrations are sufficiently high to qualify as elevated with the most stringent divisor
applied (i.e., that for analytical results that are biased high or for which the bias is unknown).
Elevated concentrations of VOCs were detected in samples from each source area. The samples
collected from stained soil located 14 feet from the south corner of the building and beneath the mixing
tank vent contained elevated concentrations for thirteen VOCs ranging up to 2,000,000 micrograms per
kilogram (ug/Kg) (for toluene). All contaminant concentrations at this location were higher in samples
collected at the 2 and 3.5 feet bgs than in the surface soil sample. The second stained soil area, located
18 feet from the south corner of the building, contained elevated concentrations of three VOCs ranging
up to an estimated concentration of 2,400 ug/Kg (naphthalene). The area of stressed vegetation located
11 feet from the east corner of the building contained elevated concentrations of six VOCs ranging up to
an estimated concentration of 242 ug/Kg (m- and p- xylene). The second area of stressed vegetation,
located 32 feet from the east corner of the building, contained elevated concentrations of only one VOC
at an estimated concentration of 8 ug/Kg (chloromethane).
Field screening results reflect laboratory results. The highest VOC concentrations observed in
soils at depth from the stained soil area located 14 feet from the south corner of the building and the
lowest VOC concentrations observed in the area of stressed vegetation located 32 feet from the east
corner of the building.
5-2
-------
TABLE 5-1
SOIL LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
(ug/Kg)
Sample No.:
Analyte
96100001
0-2" bgs
(Background)
96100002
0-2" bgs
(Stained soil
18' from south
building
corner)
96100003
0-2" bgs
(Stained soil
14' from south
building
corner)
96100006
2' bgs
(Stained soil 14'
from south
building
corner)
96100007
3.5' bgs
(Stained soil 14'
from south
building
corner)
96100004
0-2" bgs
(Stressed vege-
tation 32' from
east building
corner)
96100005
0-2" bgs
(Stressed vege-
tation 11' from
east building
corner)
ChloromethaneP'
5 U
33 J
(24 AC)
630 U
630 U
630 U
8J
(6 AC)
36 J
(26 AC)
Methylene chloride?'
10 UJ
130 U
3300 UJ
440.000 J
(314,000 AC)
910,000 U
29 UJ
104 UJ
1,2-DichloroethaneP'
5 U
25 U
630 U
630 U
630 U
5 UJ
40 J
(29 AC)
Triehloroethene
5 U
25 U
630 U
24.500
14.300
5 UJ
10 UJ
Toluene®
5 U
100 J
(50 AC)
4700
990.000
2.000.000
5 UJ
193 J
(97 AC)
T etrachloroethene
5 U
25 U
630 U
3.300
3.900
5 UJ
10 UJ
Ethylbenzene®
5 U
25 U
5,100
230.000 J
(153,000 AC)
198.000
5 UJ
26 J
(17 AC)
m&p Xylene®
5 U
25 U
38.600
920.000 J
(613,000 AC)
820.000
5 UJ
242 J
(161 AC)
o-Xylene®
5 U
25 U
18.500
290.000 J
(193,000 AC)
20.000
5 UJ
89 J
(59 AC)
Isopropylbenzene
5 U
25 U
630 U
1.400
1.600
5 UJ
10 UJ
n-Propylbenzene
5 U
25 U
630 U
2.600
3.100
5 UJ
10 UJ
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
5 U
25 U
630 U
6.500
7.300
5 UJ
91 J
5-3
-------
TABLE 5-1
SOIL LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
(ug/Kg)
Sample No.:
Analyte
96100001
0-2" bgs
(Background)
96100002
0-2" bgs
(Stained soil
18' from south
building
corner)
96100003
0-2" bgs
(Stained soil
14' from south
building
corner)
96100006
2' bgs
(Stained soil 14'
from south
building
corner)
96100007
3.5' bgs
(Stained soil 14'
from south
building
corner)
96100004
0-2" bgs
(Stressed vege-
tation 32' from
east building
corner)
96100005
0-2" bgs
(Stressed vege-
tation 11' from
east building
corner)
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
5 U
25 U
1.940
23.500
27.000
5 UJ
165 J
sec-Butylbenzene
5 U
25 U
630 U
1.400
1.700
5 UJ
30 J
t-Butylbenzene
5 U
25 U
630 U
2.300
2.900
5 UJ
25 J
n-Butylbenzene
5 U
25 U
630 U
630 U
630 U
5 UJ
24 J
Naphthalene'4'
5 U
2400 J
(600 AC)
630 U
630 UJ
630 UJ
5 UJ
10 UJ
Bold Highlight - The analyte was detected.
Underline - Elevated concentration.
(1) - The analyte divisor is 1.4.
(2) - The analyte divisor is 2.0.
(3) - The analyte divisor is 1.5.
(4) - The analyte divisor is 4.0.
J - The associated numerical value is an estimated quantity because the reported concentrations were less than the contract required detection limit or because quality
control criteria limits were not met.
U - The material was analyzed for but was not detected. The associated numerical value is the sample quantitation limit.
UJ - The material was analyzed for, but not detected. The reported detection limit is estimated because Quality Control criteria were not met.
AC - Adjusted concentration,
bgs - Below ground surface.
ug/Kg - Micrograms per Kilogram.
5-4
-------
TABLE 5-2
SOIL FIELD SCREENING ANALYTICAL RESULTS
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
(ppm)
Sample No.:
96100001
0-2" bgs
(Background)
96100002
0-2" bgs
(North area of
Stained Soil)
96100003
0-2" bgs
(South area of
stained soil near
vent)
96100006
2' bgs
(South area of
stained soil near
vent)
96100007
3.5' bgs
(South area of
stained soil near
vent)
96100004
0-2" bgs
(North area of
Stressed
Vegetation)
96100005
0-2" bgs
(South area of
Stressed
Vegetation)
FID Reading
0
10
100
>1,000
>1,000
1
180
bgs
FID
PPm
Below ground surface.
Flame ionization detector.
Parts per million.
5-5
-------
6.0 MIGRATION/EXPOSURE PATHWAYS AND TARGETS
The following sections describe migration/exposure pathways and potential targets within the
site's range of influence (Figure 6-1).
6.1 GROUNDWATER MIGRATION PATHWAY
The site is located within the Portland Basin on an alluvial terrace along the Clackamas River.
The Portland Basin is bounded by the Cascade Range to the east, the Portland Hills to the west, the Lewis
River to the north, and the Clackamas River to the south. The site is located within the Portland
Terraces, a physiographic subunit of the Portland Basin. These terraces were formed by the ancestral
Columbia and Willamette Rivers during a time when the rivers were flowing at higher elevations than at
present (E & E 1996c).
The Portland Basin is filled with quaternary alluvial deposits, catastrophic flood sediments
deposited during the Pleistocene, and undifferentiated sediments deposited during the Pliocene. These
sediments overlie the Columbia River Basalt and the older Waverly Heights Basalt (E & E 1996c).
Pleistocene fluvial deposits occur from the ground surface to a depth of approximately 100 feet
below ground surface (bgs) in the site vicinity. The deposits consist of interlayered silts, sands, and
gravels deposited during major flood events, glacial and interglacial periods, and fluvial systems.
Undifferentiated sediments (Pliocene to Holocene), including the Troutdale Formation and Sandy River
Mudstone, lie beneath the Pleistocene fluvial deposits. Total thickness of these sediments may exceed
200 feet. The Troutdale Formation consists of consolidated and unconsolidated sand and gravel deposits,
cemented in places. Silt and clay layers within the Troutdale Formation are not typically laterally
continuous. The Sandy River mudstone consists of silts, clays, and silty clays and may be a local
aquitard (E & E 1996c).
Shallow groundwater in the area occurs at a depth of approximately 9 feet bgs and fluctuates
from 5 to 10 feet bgs seasonally with precipitation. The shallow groundwater appears to be perched
upon other sediments of lesser permeability. The upper sediments are believed to consist of catastrophic
flood deposits of the Unconsolidated Sedimentary Aquifer of the Portland Basin
(E & E 1996c). During the SI sampling event conducted in October 1996, groundwater was encountered
at the site at 7.75 feet bgs.
6-1
-------
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CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
lmi
2mi
Scale: 1" = 2 Miles
Figure 6-1
SITE RANGE OF INFLUENCE
Drawn By:
MRE
Date
12-4-96
TDD/Job No.
AG0501SITO
Dwg. No,
AG0501F5
-------
Deeper aquifers in the area occur in fractured basalts and the Troutdale Formation gravels and
sands. Hydrogeologic studies conducted in the area indicate that the groundwater flow in these units is
directed to the west-southwest, towards the Willamette and Clackamas Rivers (E & E 1996c).
Several small water districts are located within 4 miles of the site generally consisting of one or
two wells. One larger water system, the City of Milwaukee's public water works, operates eight drinking
water wells. Water from the wells in blended in distribution lines and no one well contributes more than
40% of the total water supply (Hoffman 1996). The nearest municipal well is located approximately 0.7
miles west (downgradient) of the site. Populations using groundwater for drinking water are summarized
in Table 6-1. Further, it is estimated that 400 to 500 domestic wells exist within 4 miles of the site,
however, populations served by these wells are not included in Table 6-1 because actual well locations
are not known and research to determine the domestic well locations would be addressed in a later phase
of site work, if required.
Groundwater is assumed to be used for irrigation in the vicinity of the site. However, the
site is not located within 1 mile of any Sole Source Aquifer areas (EPA 1996). The groundwater gradient
at the site is not known. The direction of groundwater flow is believed to be southwest. Laboratory
analytical results of the Geoprobe™ shallow groundwater sample detected one VOC, toluene, at an
estimated concentration of 1,400 micrograms per liter (ug/L). The federal maximum contaminant level
(MCL) for toluene in drinking water is 1,000 ug/L.
6.2 SURFACE WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY
The Clackamas River is located approximately 0.6 miles south of the site and flows approxi-
mately 3.5 miles southwest to its confluence with the Willamette River, which discharges to the
Columbia River approximately 25 miles downstream. A small intermittent stream, Cow Creek, is located
approximately 200 feet north of the site and this stream flows southwest approximately 1.5 miles to the
Clackamas River. The Clackamas River's average annual flow rate is approximately 2,425 cubic feet per
second (as measured at river mile 23.1) (USGS 1988). The Willamette River's average annual flow rate
is approximately 3,197 cubic feet per second (as measured at river mile 12.8) (USGS 1988). The facility
is located in a slight topographic depression (USGS 1984) and for this reason, surface water generated
during rainfall events is expected to pool around the building and infiltrate the ground surface.
The 2-year, 24-hour rainfall event for the area of the site is 2.5 inches (NOAA 1973) with an
average annual net precipitation of approximately 27 inches (NOAA 1968). The upgradient drainage
area of the site is estimated from a topographic map to be 10 acres (USGS 1984). The ground surface
6-3
-------
TABLE 6-1
GROUNDWATER DRINKING WATER POPULATION WITHIN A 4-MILE RADIUS
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
Distance (Miles)
Well
Identification
Well Depth
(bgs)
Population Served
Total Population per
Distance Ring
0- 1/4
Not Listed
..
..
0
1/4 - 1/2
Not Listed
0
1/2- 1
Johnson City
Well 1
160
300
600
Johnson City
Well 2
(Backup)
172
300
1-2
Not Listed
0
2-3
City of Milwaukee
Well 8
480
2,375
3,025
River Bend
Well 1
820
175
River Bend
Well 2
800
175
Riverview Mobile
Court
565
300
3-4
City of Milwaukee
Well 6
336
2,375
2,701
Carver Mobile
Ranch
118
186
Pearson Mobile
Park
254
140
Total
6,326
Source: EPA 1996
6-4
-------
at the site is relatively flat with an estimated slope between 0 and 2 percent. Surficial soils at the site are
sandy and appear to be fill material (i.e., not of native origin). Deeper lithology at the site has not been
characterized, however, lithology at a site located approximately 0.7 miles east of Cascade is described as
unconsolidated sand and gravel, with varying amounts of clay in certain areas from the ground surface to
approximately 100 feetbgs (E & E 1996c).
The Willamette River is not used as a source of drinking water, however, it is used for recreational
boating (EPA 1996). Approximately 135,195 pounds of fish are caught annually from the Clackamas
River and approximately 47,756 pounds of fish are caught annually from the Willamette River (EPA
1996). It is estimated that 22 miles of wetlands exist within 15 miles downstream of the site.
6.3 SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAY
Four areas of contaminated soil are present on-site: two adjacent to the southwest side of the
Cascade building and two adjacent to the northeast side of the building. The total area of contaminated
soil at the site is expected to measure approximately 11 square feet. The site is not fenced. The
southeast section of the Cascade lot is paved, from the building to the street, as shown in Figure 2-2
(Section 2). Mr. Lambie currently works on a part-time basis at the site and the nearest resident to the
site is located approximately 100 feet southeast. Table 6-2 provides population figures for people
residing within 1 mile of the site. No terrestrial sensitive environments are known to occur at the site.
Source: EPA 1996
6.4 AIR MIGRATION PATHWAY
6-5
-------
No people are currently employed at the site, although Mr. Lambie uses an office in the building
on a part-time basis. Active facilities border the site property on the southwest, northwest, and northeast
(see Figure 2-2, Section 2). A total of 86,793 people live within 4 miles of the site and no wetlands exist
within 4 miles of the site (EPA 1996). Federally- and State-listed species that exist within 5 miles of the
sites is provided in an EPA Geographic Information Query System printout (EPA 1996). The printout
categorizes species by location from 0 to 1 mile and from 1 to 5 miles of the site. A species location
within an actual distance ring can not be determined from this information, thus all species in the 0 to 1
mile category were assigned to the 0 to 1/4 mile ring and all species in the 1 to 5 miles category were
assigned to the 1 to 2 miles ring as a conservative estimate of the site's impact to sensitive environments.
Table 6-3 provides populations and sensitive environments by distance ring within 4 miles of the site.
TABLE 6-3
POPULATIONS AND SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENTS WITHIN A 4-MILE RADIUS
CASCADE CHEMICAL
Clackamas, Oregon
Distance (Miles)
Residents
Sensitive Environment
Listing Status
Federal
State
On a source
0
Not Listed
..
..
0- 1/4
59
Not Listed
1/4 - 1/2
752
Not Listed
1/2- 1
4,379
Not Listed
1-2
16,752
Oregon Sullivantia
Candidate
Candidate
White Rock Larkspur
Candidate
Threatened
Willamette Valley Daisy
Candidate
Endangered
Oregon Chub
Endangered
Candidate
Northwestern Pond Turtle
Candidate
Candidate
White-Topped Aster
Candidate
Threatened
2-3
29,218
Not Listed
3-4
35,633
Not Listed
__
__
Total Population
86,793
Source: EPA 1996
6-6
-------
7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Cascade is an inactive chemical formulation facility located in an industrial area of Clackamas,
Oregon. The facility was operational from 1974 to August 1996. Large quantities of solvents and
corrosives were used in chemical manufacturing.
Several citizen complaints regarding releases/disposal of hazardous chemicals by Cascade have
been received by ODEQ. ODEQ observed spills to the floor of the Cascade building and an OSHA
inspection resulted in the 24 safety violations and a fine. During the SI site visit, the building foundation
was observed to be stained, corroded, and pitted, and to contain many small cracks. The floor around the
primary mixing tank was heavily contaminated with a thick layer of unknown substances. Further, two
areas of stained soil were observed on the southwest side of the building that appear to be the result of
spills originating within the building that seeped through the foundation to wall interface, then down the
side of the foundation. Elevated concentrations of several VOCs were detected in soil samples from each
of these stained soil areas. VOC concentrations increased with depth in the one soil boring drilled on site
(at sample location 96100003 near the mixing tank vent). Elevated concentrations of VOCs also were
observed in two areas of stressed vegetation located on the northeast side of the building.
The nearest municipal well to the site is located approximately 0.7 miles downgradient (west) of
the facility. This backup well serves approximately 600 people when in use and is 172 feet deep.
Groundwater at the site was encountered at 7.75 feet bgs, however, neither the groundwater gradient nor
direction of flow have been determined. A groundwater sample collected with a Geoprobe™ system
contained toluene at an estimated concentration of 1,400 ug/L which is above the federal MCL of 1,000
ug/L.
The average annual net precipitation is approximately 27 inches in the area of the site. The
nearest perennially-flowing surface water body to the site is the Clackamas River located approximately
1.5 miles southwest, however, an overland route to this river is not expected to exist because Cascade is
located in a slight topographic depression and it is likely that rainfall pools around the building and then
infiltrates the ground surface.
No persons currently work full-time at the site, however, Mr. Lambie, the major shareholder in
Cascade Chemical, uses an office in the building on a part-time basis. Approximately 5,190 people
7-1
-------
reside within 1 mile of the site and approximately 86,793 people reside within 4 miles of the site. The
site is bounded on three sides by active facilities, but is not fenced. No terrestrial sensitive environments
are known to occur at the site. Six Federally- or State-listed species may exist within 1 to 2 miles of the
site. The surficial area of contaminated soils at the site is expected to total approximately 11 square feet.
7-2
-------
8.0 REFERENCE LIST
Ecology and Environment, Inc., (E & E), August 11, 1996 through November 5, 1996, Field
logbook for Cascade Chemical site.
, September 1996b, Quality Assurance sampling Plan, Cascade Chemical, TDD # 96-07-0005.
, August 1996c, Site Investigation Report and Interim Remedial Action Measure Evaluation,
Surgichrome, Inc., Clackamas, Oregon.
Hoffman, Tom, Oakridge Water Works, September 12, 1996, telephone conversation with Linda
Foster, Ecology and Environment, Inc., regarding the City of Milwaukee water supply.
Oregon Department of Environment Quality (ODEQ), Site Assessment Program, November 29,
1995, Strategy Recommendation, Cascade Chemical.
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1973,
Precipitation-Frequency Atlas of the Western United States, Volume X-Oregon.
, June 1968, Climatic Atlas of the United States.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), September 4, 1996, Geographic Information Query
System, Cascade Chemical.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 1988, Water Resources Data, Oregon, Volume 2, Western
Oregon.
, 1984, Topographic Map, 7.5 minute series, Gladstone Quadrangle, Oregon.
8-1
-------
APPENDIX A
PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION
-------
PHOTOGRAPH IDENTIFICATION SHEET
Camera Serial No.: 645404 TDD No.: 96-07-0005
Lens Type: 50 mm Site Name: Cascade Chemical
Phntn Nn
Dntp
Rv
Dpsprintinn
1
8/29/96
CP
Front of Cascade Chemical. Inc. building. Facing NW.
2
8/29/96
CP
Southwest side of Cascade Chemical. Inc. building. Facing NW.
3
8/29/96
CP
Southwest side of Cascade Chemical, Inc. building. Shows the location of
the stained wooden mud plate and soils. This stain is located beneath a vent
with is used for the missing tank. Facing NE.
4
8/29/96
CP
Southwest side of building. Shows the location of the soil stain beneath the
mixing tank vent. Facing N.
5
8/29/96
CP
Northeast side of the building. Shows a fence marking the property line
between Cascade Chemical and AJK Precision Sheet Metal. Facing NW.
6
8/29/96
CP
Area of stressed vegetation on the northeast side of building. Facing W.
7
8/29/96
CP
Area located between Cascade Chemical and Architectural Metalcrafters.
Facing NE.
8
8/29/96
CP
Northeast section of inside building. Note numerous containers against wall.
Facing N.
9
8/29/96
CP
Closeup of containers shown in Photo 8. Note container with corrosive label
and floor stains. Facing NE.
10
8/29/96
CP
Closeup of containers stored against NE wall of building. Note containers
with a corrosive label and Di-octyl phthalate marking, and floor stains.
Facing NE.
11
8/29/96
CP
Northwest side of building (rear wall) with containers stored on shelves.
Note the white residue and other floor stains. Facing NE.
12
8/29/96
CP
Southwest portion of inside building. Facing SE.
13
8/29/96
CP
Drums with piping running between them, located on the SW wall of build-
ing. This setup was used for mixing some chemicals. Facing W.
14
8/29/96
CP
Large vat with ventilation hood located on the SW wall of building. This
setup was used for mixing most chemicals. Facing S.
CP - Carl Palladino
A-l
-------
PHOTOGRAPH IDENTIFICATION SHEET
Camera Serial No.: 645404 TDD No.: 96-07-0005
Lens Type: 50 mm Site Name: Cascade Chemical
Phntn Nn
Dntp
Rv
Dpsprintinn
15
8/29/96
CP
Fiftyfrve-gallon drum located on the southwest section of building. The
drum was labeled Miracle Aircraft Grade Remover or Super Stripper,
manufactured by Cascade Chemical, contents: Methylene chloride,
methanol, toluene, and hydrofluoric acid.
16
8/29/96
CP
Nearest residence, across SE Evelyn street, approximately 200 feet east of
Cascade Chemical and north of ABC Metals. Facing E.
17
8/29/96
CP
Intermittent stream located NW of site. Shows culverts coming from under-
neath the parking lot of Architectural Metalcrafters, the stream is running
southwest to a culvert under SE Violet Ave. Facing NE.
18
10/13/96
CP
START Lyle Diediker observes location of the background sample
96100001 collected behind Cascade Chemical. Facing NE.
19
10/13/96
CP
Location of surface soil samples 96100002 and 96100003 collected from
stained soils along the SE side of building. Note the location of sample
96100003, nearest the south corner of building, which is under the mixing
tank vent. Facing E.
20
10/13/96
CP
Location of surface soil sample 96100004 collected from stressed
vegetation area located on the NE side of building. Facing S.
21
10/13/96
CP
START collects surface soil sample 96100005 from an area with stressed
vegetation, located on the NE side of building. START Alexis
Naiknimbalker monitors the ambient air with a flame ionization detector
instrument for volatile organic compounds. Facing S.
22
10/13/96
CP
Borehole at the location of the soil stain beneath the mixing tank vent. Two
subsurface soil samples, 96100006 and 96100007, were collected from this
location.
23
10/13/96
CP
START utilizes a Geoprobe™ System sampler to collect groundwater sample
96100008 Inraterl near the smith rnrner nf the hiiilrHna Farina E
CP - Carl Palladino
A-2
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APPENDIX B
QUALITY ASSURANCE REVIEWS
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MEMORANDUM
DATE:
November 15, 1996
TO:
Carl Palladino, Project Manager, E & E, Seattle, WA
FROM:
Mark Woodke, START-Chemist, E & E, Seattle, WA
THRU:
Michael Boykin, START-Chemist, E & E, Seattle, WA
SUB J:
Organic Data Quality Assurance Review, Cascade Chemical Site,
Clackamas, Oregon
REF:
TDD: 96-07-0005 PAN: AG-05-01-SI
The data quality assurance review of one water and seven soil samples collected from the Cascade
Chemical site located in Clackamas, Oregon, has been completed. Analysis for Volatile Organic Compounds
(EPA Method 8260A) was performed by Maxim Analytical Laboratory, Billings, Montana.
The samples were numbered:
Soil- 96100001 96100002 96100003 96100004 96100005 96100006 96100007
Water- 96100008
Data Qualifications:
1. Sample Holding Times: Satisfactory.
All samples were maintained at 4°C (± 2°C). The samples were collected on October 13, 1996, and
were analyzed by October 23, 1996, therefore meeting QC criteria of less than 7 days between collection and
analysis for non-acid preserved aromatic water samples and less than 14 days between collection and analysis
for soil, waste, and preserved water samples, except the following:
SAMPLE #
HOLDING
TIME
PRESERVED
(Y/N)
QUALIFIER
96100008
10 Days
N
J/UJ
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2. GC/MS Tuning Criteria: Acceptable.
Bromofluorobenzene (BFB) tuning of the mass spectrometer was conducted at the beginning of the
12-hour analytical sequence, all results were normalized to m/z 95, all calculations were verified as correct,
and all results were within the required criteria.
3. Initial Calibration: Satisfactory.
Calculations were verified as correct for at least one analyte per internal standard. All individual
relative response factors (RRFs) and average RRFs for the initial calibration were greater than the 0.050
control limit. All percent relative standard deviations (%RSDs) were less than the control limit of 30.0 %,
except the following:
ANALYTE
% RSD
ASSOCIATED SAMPLES
QUALIFIER
Methylene Chloride
30.8
96100001,96100003,96100005
J/UJ
Bromomethane
37.4
96100002,96100004,96100006,
96100007, 96100008
J/UJ
Chloroethane
31.9
96100002,96100004,96100006,
96100007, 96100008
J/UJ
1,2,4-T richlorobenzene
33.0
96100002,96100004,96100006,
96100007, 96100008
J/UJ
Naphthalene
32.4
96100002,96100004,96100006,
96100007, 96100008
J/UJ
1,2,3 -T richlorobenzene
52.9
96100002,96100004,96100006,
96100007, 96100008
J/UJ
4. Continuing Calibration: Satisfactory.
Calculations were verified as correct for at least one analyte per internal standard. All individual
RRFs for the continuing calibration were greater than the 0.050 control limit. All percent differences
(% Ds) were less than the control limit of 25.0 %, except:
ANALYTE
% D
ASSOCIATED SAMPLES
QUALIFIER
Chloroethane
-28.7
96100001,96100003,96100005
J/UJ
Dibromochloromethane
29.7
96100001,96100003,96100005
J/UJ
Bromoform
32.8
96100001,96100003,96100005
J/UJ
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
26.9
96100001,96100003,96100005
J/UJ
l,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
29.0
96100001,96100003,96100005
J/UJ
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1,2,3 -T richlorobenzene
32.1
96100001, 96100003, 96100005
J/UJ
1,2,3 -T richlorobenzene
42.5
96100002, 96100004, 96100006,
96100007, 96100008
J/UJ
5. Internal Standards: Acceptable.
Areas of the internal standards were within the control limits of 50 % to 200 % of the associated 12-
hour calibration standard. Retention times were within 30 seconds of the 12-hour standard.
6. Error Determination: Not Performed.
Samples necessary for bias and precision determination were not provided to the laboratory. All
samples were flagged RND (Recovery Not Determined) and PND (Precision Not Determined), although the
flags are not found on the Form I's.
7. Blanks: Satisfactory.
A method blank was analyzed at the required frequency of every 12 hours beginning with the BFB
injection for each matrix, preparation technique, and analysis system. A method blank was analyzed for the
appropriate type of analysis. No target analytes were detected in any associated blanks, except the following:
BLANK
MATRIX
ANALYTE
CONC.
ASSOCIATED
SAMPLES
MB (10-17-96)
Soil
Methylene Chloride
8 ug/Kg
96100001,96100003, 96100005,
96100006,96100007
MB (10-17-96)
Soil
Methylene Chloride
1 ug/Kg
None
MB (10-17-96)
Soil
Methylene Chloride
12 ug/Kg
96100002, 96100004
MB (10-17-96)
Water
Methylene Chloride
2 ug/L
96100008
VIB - Method Blan
c
Sample concentrations of target analytes less than five times the highest blank concentration (ten times
the blank concentration for acetone, toluene, 2-butanone, and methylene chloride) are considered undetected
(U), with the sample quantitation limit raised to the reported concentration.
8. System Monitoring Compounds (SMC): Satisfactory.
All recoveries of the system monitoring compounds (surrogates) were greater than 10 % and within
the following control limits.
SMC
WATER MATRIX
SOIL MATRIX
HIGH MATRIX
Toluene-d8 (TOL)
88-110
91-108
50-160
Bromofluorobenzene (BFB)
86-115
91-118
50-160
1,2-Dichloroethane (DCE)
76-114
88-116
50-160
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except the following:
SAMPLE #
MATRIX
SMC
RECOVERY
QUALIFIER
96100005
Soil
DCE/TOL
139/88
J/UJ
96100004
Soil
DCE/TOL
127/57
J/UJ
96100002
Soil
DCE/BFB
132/130
J
96100006DL
Soil
BFB
123
J (methylene chloride, ethylbenzene,
m&p-xylene, o-xylene)
96100001MS
Soil
DCE
123
None
9. Performance Evaluation Samples: Not Provided.
Performance evaluation samples were not provided to the laboratory.
10. Matrix Spikes: Acceptable.
Sample 96100006 underwent matrix spike analysis for the soil matrix, and 96100008 underwent
matrix spike analysis for the water matrix. Recoveries of all spiked analytes were within the required control
limits for both the matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate analyses.
ANALYTE
WATER MATRIX
SOIL MATRIX
HIGH MATRIX
1,1 -Dichloroethene
61-145
59-172
60-150
Trichloroethene
71-120
62-137
60-150
Benzene
76-127
66-142
60-150
Toluene
76-125
59-139
60-150
Chlorobenzene
75-130
60-133
60-150
11. Duplicates: Acceptable.
Sample 96100006 underwent matrix spike duplicate analysis for the soil matrix, and 96100008
underwent matrix spike duplicate analysis for the water matrix. Relative percent differences (RPDs) of all
spiked analytes were within the required control limits listed below.
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ANAT.YTF,
WATER MATRTY
SOTT, MATRTY
HIGH MATRTY
1,1 -Dichloroethene
14
22
25
Trichloroethene
14
24
25
Benzene
11
21
25
Toluene
13
21
25
Chlorobenzene
13
21
25
12. Laboratory Control Sample: Not Required.
A laboratory control sample was not required.
13. Target Compound Identification: Acceptable.
All target compounds reported by the laboratory met identification criteria of relative retention times
(RRT) within 0.06 RRT units of the 12 hour standard, all ions present in the standard mass spectrum were
present in the sample mass spectrum, the abundance of these ions agreed within + 20 % between the standard
and sample spectrum, and all ions present at greater than 10 % in the sample mass spectrum but not in the
standard mass spectrum were accounted for.
14. Tentatively Identified Compounds (TICs): Acceptable.
All ions present in the reference mass spectrum with a relative intensity greater than 10 % are present
in the sample mass spectrum, the relative intensities of these ions agree within 20 %, molecular ions present
in the reference spectrum are present in the sample spectrum, and all TICs are reported as estimated
quantities (NJ).
15. Target Compound Quantitation and CRQLs: Acceptable.
Concentrations of all reported analytes were correctly calculated. An example of a calculation is listed
in the following table.
SAMPLE
ANALYTE
AREA * IS AMOUNT* DF
IS AREA * RF
CONC.
96100008
Toluene
1210854 * 10 * 25
173525* 1.21
1442
16. Laboratory Contact: Not Required.
No laboratory contact was required.
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17. Overall Assessment of Data for Use
Several results were hand-transcribed by the data reviewer from diluted analyses to the original Form
I's.
Several samples were also originally analyzed at diluted levels, with these results yielding the lowest
quantitation limit for each sample. These results were flagged with a "D" qualifier by the laboratory.
Analytes that were detected in the associated blank were flagged with a "B" qualifier by the laboratory. The
"D" and "B" qualifiers were crossed out and initialed by the data reviewer.
The overall usefulness of the data is based on the criteria outlined in the OSWER Directive "Quality
Assurance/Quality Control Guidance for Removal Activities, Data Validation Procedures" (EPA/540/G-
90/004), and, when applicable, the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response Publication "USEPA
Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review" (EPA 540/R-
94/012). Based upon the information provided, the data are acceptable for use with the above stated data
qualifications.
Data Qualifiers and Definitions
U - The material was analyzed for but was not detected. The associated numerical value is the
estimated sample quantitation limit.
J - The associated numerical value is an estimated quantity because the reported concentrations
were less than the contract required detection limits or because quality control criteria limits
were not met.
UJ - The material was analyzed for, but not detected. The reported detection limit is estimated
because Quality Control criteria were not met.
NJ - Presumptive evidence of the presence of the material at an estimated quantity.
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