'ational Listing of Fish Advisories

EWSLETTER	——

Recent Advisory News

Health advisory and consumption guidelines
for fish from Lake Oroville, California

A report released by the Office of Environmental Health Haz-
ard Assessment and the California Environmental Protection
Agency provides health advisory and consumption guidelines
for consumers eating fish caught from Lake Qroville in Cali-
fornia. Mercury and PCBs from historic mining activities and
manufacturing are the primary contaminants of concern in
Lake Oroville. The: report utilized existing fish tissue data and
compared mean tissue concentrations to established Advisory
Tissue Levels (ATLs) to determine fish consumption fre-
quency advice. Both the ATL determination and the advisory
process incorporate the positive health effects of fish in the
diet. When the consumption advice is followed, the exposure
to mercury and PCBs from eating fish caught at Lake Oroville
is at or below the average daily reference dose or cancer risk
probability of one in ten thousand.

Link to original report: http://oehha.ca.gov/fish/
special_reports/pdf/121812LakeOrovilleFinalReport.pdf

Source: California Environmental Protection Agency and Office of Environ-
mental Health Hazard Assessment. December 2012.

Infected salmon declared fit for human con-
sumption by Canadian Food Inspection
Agency

Fo:r the first time, Canada's food safety regulator, the Canadian
Food Inspection Agency JCFIA), is allowing Nova Scotia
salmon infected with a flu-like virus to be processed for super-
markets and restaurants. The agency recently declared 240,000
Atlantic salmon infected with salmon anemia to be fit for hu-
man consumption. It is the first time that the (TI \ has opted
not to destroy fish that are infected with the virus since the
agency began to regulate the fish farming industry in 2005. A
2010 report issued by the Center for Pood Security and Public
Health at Iowa State University concluded that the virus could
be deactivated by the human body temperature and therefore

posed no threat to humans. Because American law prohib-
its the importation of any diseased animal, salmon carrying
the virus will not be sold in the United States. Link to origi-
nal article: http://www.thestar.com/news/
canada/2013/02/01 /infected_salmon_declared_fit_
for_human_consumption_by_canadian_food_inspection_a
gency.html

Source: Oved, Marco. Toronto Star. 2/1/2013.

Coastal and Marine Mercury Ecosystem
Research Collaborative report: Mercury
pollution in the marine environment

The Coastal and Marine Mercury Ecosystem Collaborative
(C-MERC) is a group, of 50 scientists and policy stake-
holders that assembled in 2010 to review the current
knowledge related to mercury contamination in the world's
marine fish. After two workshops and publication of a
series of peer-reviewed articles, the collaborative published
a report synthesizing their findings. Four major findings
came from the C-MERC synthesis: 1) mercury pollution is
ubiquitous and contaminants seafood worldwide; 2) mer-
cury pollution enters the waterways along distinct pathways


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that are linked to different mercury sources; 3) most seafood
consumers are "general consumers" whose methylmercury in-
take comes from fish typically harvested from the open oceans
which receive atmospheric inputs from global mercury emis-
sion sources; and 4) methylmercury in marine fish will decline
roughly in proportion to decreases in mercury inputs, although
the response times will vary. Methylmercury intake by "local
consumers" comes from seafood caught in nearby coastal wa-
ters that receive inputs from local, regional and global sources.
This information can help guide mercury policies and manage-
ment strategies under consideration at local, national, and inter-
national levels.

Link to original report: http://www.dartmouth.edu/
~toxmetal/assets/pdf/sources_to_seafood_report.pdf

Source: The Coastal and Marine Mercury Ecosystem Research Collabora-
tive. December 2012.

Muskegon and White Lakes in Michigan reach
cleanup milestones

After 15 years of cleanup efforts, the U.S. EPA has lifted Bene-
ficial Use Impairments on two Michigan lakes. Recent studies
by Grand Valley State University suggest that fish in Muskegon
and White Lakes do not contain higher concentrations of PCBs
or mercury than fish in lakes that were not listed as Areas of
Concern. Both lakes are still listed as Areas of Concern but are
expected to be removed from the list in the next few years.

Link to original article: http://greatlakesecho.org/2013/03/12/
muskegon-and-white -lakes-reach-cleanup-milestones/

Source: Dau, James. Muskegon and White lakes reached cleanup milestones.
Great Lakes Echo. March 12, 2013.

Ohio fish consumption advisories updated for
2013

The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has issued revised
fish consumption advisories for 2013. The advisories identify
types of fish or other aquatic animals that should be eaten in
limited quantities or should not be eaten because of contamina-
tion. They also provide general advice to aid the public in mak-
ing informed decisions about the benefits and the risks associ-
ated with eating locally caught fish from Ohio waters. More
information on Ohio fish advisories can be found at: http://
wwwepa. state, oh.us/dsw/fishadvisory/index.aspx
Link to original article: http://epa.ohio.gov/news/
onlinenewsroom/newsreleases/tabid/5967/vw/l/itemid/279/
fish-consumption-advisories-updated-for-2013.aspx
Source: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. February 28, 2013.

Mercury in the global environment: Pat-
terns of global seafood mercury concentra-
tions and their relationship with human
health

The Biodiversity Research Institute (BRI) has compiled a
database of biotic mercury concentrations in fish and wild-
life from peer-reviewed publications and governmental
sources. In a 2012 report, the BRI used the database to
examine global seafood mercury concentrations and related
ecological and human health impacts. The study is in-
tended to raise awareness about marine species with the
greatest concentrations of mercury and provide a resource
for better integration of mercury science into policy deci-
sions. The study found that global mercury contamination
is widespread and varies based on associated contaminant
sources and sensitivity of the ecosystem, and that marine
organisms regularly harvested and consumed contain a
wide range of mercury concentrations based largely on spe-
cies. The study also identifies specific areas where further
research is needed to better understand mercury distribu-
tion and effects in the environment. For more information
on the study and BRI, go to http://www.briloon.org/

Link to original report: http://www.briloon.org/ up loads/
documents/hgcenter/seafood/
PatternsofGlobalSeafood.pdf

Source: Evers, D.C., Turnquist, M.A., and Buck, D.G. 2012. Mercury in
the global environment: Patterns of global seafood mercury concentra-
tions and their relationship with human health. Biodiversity Research
Institute. Gorham, Maine. BRI Science Communications Series 2012-
48. 16 pages.

Fish consumption advisory for Lake
Norman, North Carolina

The North Carolina Department of Health and Human
Services has issued revised 2013 fish consumption adviso-
ries for Lake Norman. Recent studies have indicated ele-
vated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury in
striped bass and largemouth bass. The advisory recom-
mends women of child bearing age and children avoid con-
sumption and that the remaining population consume less
than two meals per week of striped and largemouth bass.
More information on North Carolina fish advisories can be
found at: http://epi.publichealth.nc.gov/oee/programs/
fish, html

Link to original article: http://www.ncdhhs.gov/
pressrel/2013/2013-04-
10_fish_advisory_lake_norman.htm

Source: North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services.
April 9, 2013

2	May 2013


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Conferences

International Conference on Mercury as a
Global Pollutant

July 28-August 2, 2013, Edinburgh, Scotland
http://www.mercury2013. com/

International Society of Exposure Science
(ISES)-23rd Annual Meeting

August 20-23, 2013, Basel, Switzerland
http://www.isesweb.org/Meetings/mtgs_fut.htm

American Fisheries Society 143rd Annual
Meeting

September 8-12, 2013, Little Rock, Arkansas
http://afs2013.com /

The Society of Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry (SETAC) North America
34th Annual Meeting

Illinois 2013 sport fish consumption advisory

The Illinois Department of Public Health has issued revised
fish consumption advisories for 2013. The advisories identify
the types of fish or other aquatic animals that should be eaten
in limited quantities or, in some cases, avoided altogether be-
cause of contamination. They also provide general advice to
the public on best fish preparation procedures to reduce con-
tamination before consumption. More information on Illinois
fish advisories can be found at: www.idph.state.il.us/
envhealth/fishadvisory/illino is_fish_advisory.pdf
Link to original article: http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/
press 13/3.16.13_2013_Sport_Fish_Consumption_Advisory.ht

Source: Illinois Department of Public Health. 2013 Sport Fish Consumption
Advisory. March 16, 2013.

Recent Publications

Please note: The following abstracts are reprinted verbatim
unless otherwise noted. Titles and citations (only) are listed for
publications that are copyright protected.

Future trends in environmental mercury con-
centrations: Implications for prevention
strategies

In their new paper, Bellanger and coauthors show substantial
economic impacts to the EU from neurocognitive impairment
associated with methylmercury (MeHg) exposures. The main
source of MeHg exposure is seafood consumption, including
many marine species harvested from the global oceans. Fish,
birds and other wildlife are also susceptible to the impacts of
MeHg and already exceed toxicological thresholds in vulner-
able regions like the Arctic. Most future emissions scenarios
project a growth or stabilization of anthropogenic mercury
releases relative to present-day levels. At these emissions lev-
els, inputs of mercury to ecosystems are expected to increase
substantially in the future, in part due to growth in the legacy
reservoirs of mercury in oceanic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Seawater mercury concentration trajectories in areas such as
the North Pacific Ocean that supply large quantities of marine
fish to the global seafood market are projected to increase by
more than 50% by 2050. Fish mercury levels and subsequent
human and biological exposures are likely to also increase be-
cause production of MeHg in ocean ecosystems is driven by
the supply of available inorganic mercury, among other fac-
tors. Analyses that only consider changes in primary anthropo-
genic emissions are likely to underestimate the severity of fu-

November 17-21, 2013, Nashville, Tennessee

http://www.setac.org/events/event_details.asp?

id=244644

National Listing of Fish Advisories 3


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ture deposition and concentration increases associated with
growth in mercury reservoirs in the land and ocean. We
therefore recommend that future policy analyses consider
the fully coupled interactions among short and long-lived
reservoirs of mercury in the atmosphere, ocean, and terres-
trial ecosystems. Aggressive anthropogenic emission reduc-
tions are needed to reduce MeHg exposures and associated
health impacts on humans and wildlife and protect the in-
tegrity of one of the last wild-food sources globally.. In the
near-term, public health advice on safe fish consumption
choices such as smaller species, younger fish, and harvests
from relatively unpolluted ecosystems is needed to mini-
mize exposure risks.

Source: Sunderland, E. M. and N. E. Selin (2013). "Future trends in
environmental mercury concentrations: Implications for prevention
strategies." Environ Health 12: 2.

Strong positive associations between sea-
food, vegetables, and alcohol with blood
mercury and urinary arsenic levels in the
Korean adult population

Blood mercury and urinary arsenic levels are more than
fivefold greater in the Korean population compared with
those of the United States. This may be related to the foods
people consumed. Therefore, we examined the associations
between food categories and mercury and arsenic exposure
in the Korean adult population. Data regarding nutritional,
biochemical, and health-related parameters were obtained
from a cross-sectional study, the 2008-2009 Korean Na-

tional Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (3,404
men and women age > 20 years). The log-transformed
blood mercury and urinary arsenic levels were regressed
against the frequency tertiles of each food group after co-
variate adjustment for sex, age, residence area, education
level, smoking status, and drinking Status using food-
frequency data. Bipod mercury levels in the high consump-
tion groups compared to the low consumption groups
were elevated by about 20 percents with salted fish, shell-
fish, whitefish, bluefish, and alcohol, and by about 9-14
percents with seaweeds, green vegetables, fruits and tea,
whereas rice did not affect blood mercury levels. Urinary
arsenic levels were markedly increased with consumption
of rice, bluefish, salted fish, shellfish, whitefish, and sea-
weed, whereas they were moderately increased with con-
sumption of grains, green and white vegetables, fruits, cof-
fee, and alcohol. The remaining food categories tended to
lower these levels only minimally. In conclusion, the typical
Asian diet, which is high in rice, salted fish, shellfish, vege-
tables, alcoholic beverages;, and tea, may be associated with
greater blood mercury and urinary arsenic levels. This study
suggests that mercury and arsenic contents should be
monitored and controlled in soil and water used for agri-
culture to decrease health risks from heavy-metal contami-
nation.

Source: Park, S. and B. K. Lee (2013). "Strong positive associations
between seafood, vegetables, and alcohol with blood mercury and
urinary arsenic levels in the Korean adult population." Arch Environ
Contam Toxicol 64(1): 160-170.

The influence offish length on tissue mer-
cury dynamics: Implications for natural re-
source management and human health risk

Consumption of fish has well-known human health bene-
fits, though some fish may contain elevated levels of mer-
cury (Hg) that are especially harmful to developing chil-
dren. Fish length is most often the basis for establishing
fishery harvest regulations that determine which fish will
ultimately be consumed by humans. It is, therefore, essen-
tial to quantify the relationship between fish length and Hg
accumulation in regard to harvest regulations for effective
fishery and public health policy. We examined this relation-
ship for three sportfish from six lakes across North Caro-
lina, USA. Bluegill (Lepo/xis /nacncMruh had the lowest Hg
levels and only the very largest fish in the most contami-
nated site exceeded the US Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA). Hg screening level. Black crappie
(Pomo>ds: mgromctclilatlJS) had an intermediate level of Hg and
larger individuals exceeded the USEPA. screening level;

May 2013


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however, they tended not to exceed this level before reach-
ing the harvest length limit. Largemouth bass (Micropterus
salmoides) exceeded the USEPA screening level at sizes be-
low the fishery length limit in two lakes, leaving only higher
risk fish for anglers to harvest and consume. Removing the
effects of fish age and trophic position, we found strong
positive correlations between Hg and fish length for large-
mouth bass and black crappie. We suggest public health
officials and wildlife managers collaborate to structure fish-
ery regulations and length-based fish consumption adviso-
ries that protect consumers from Hg exposure and com-
municate the relative risk of fish consumption.

Source: Sackett, D. K., W. G. Cope, et al. (2013). "The influence of fish
length on tissue mercury dynamics: Implications for natural resource
management and human health risk." IntJ Environ Res Public Health 10
(2): 638-659.

PFOS and PFC releases and associated pol-
lution from a PFC production plant in Min-
nesota (USA)

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFOS-related sub-
stances have been listed as persistent organic pollutants in
the Stockholm Convention. From August 2012, Parties to
the Convention needed to address the use, storage, and
disposal of PFOS-including production sites and sites
where PFOS wastes have been deposited-in their national
implementation plans. The paper describes the pollution in
Minnesota (USA) caused by the 3M™ Company at one of
the largest per/polyfluorinated chemical (PFC) production
facilities. From early 1950s until the end of 2002, when
3M™ terminated PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid
(PFOA) production, PFOS, PFOA, and other PFC pro-
duction wastes were disposed around the plant and in local
disposal sites. Discharges from the site and releases from
deposits caused widespread contamination of ground and
surface waters including local drinking water wells. Fish in
the river downstream were contaminated with PFOS to
levels that led to fish consumption advisories. Human ex-
posures resulted from ingesting contaminated drinking
water, requiring installation of water treatment facilities and
alternate water supplies. The critical evaluation of the as-
sessments done revealed a range of gaps in particular of
human exposure where relevant exposure pathways includ-
ing the entire exposure via food have not been taken into
consideration. Currently, the exposure assessment of vul-
nerable groups such as children or Hmong minorities is
inadequate and needs to be improved/validated by epide-

miological studies. The assessment methodology described
for this site may serve-with highlighted improvements-as a
model for assessment of other PFOS/PFC production
sites in the Stockholm Convention implementation.

Source: Oliaei, F., D. Kriens, et al. (2012). "PFOS and PFC releases and
associated pollution from a PFC production plant in Minnesota (USA)."
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. epub.

Intakes of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs
and fish in relation to incidence of asthma
among American young adults:The CAR-
DIA study

BACKGROUND: Although long-chain omega-3 (n-3)
PUFAs (LCco3PUFAs) have been linked to the prevention
of some inflammatory disorders, little is known about the
association between these fatty acids and incidence of
asthma. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to prospectively
investigate the association between LCco3PUFAs and fish
intake and incidence of asthma among American young
adults. DESIGN: A 20-y follow-up longitudinal analysis
was conducted in a biracial cohort of 4162 Americans, aged
18-30 y, with a history of asthma at baseline in 1985. Diet
was assessed by a validated interviewer-administered quan-
titative food-frequency questionnaire at the examinations in
1985, 1992, and 2005. Incident self-reported asthma was
defined as having a physician diagnosis of asthma and/or
the use of asthma medications between 1985 and 2005.
RESULTS: During the 20-y follow-up, 446 incident cases
of asthma were identified. LCco3PUFA intake was signifi-
cantly inversely associated with incidence of asthma after
adjustment for sociodemographic, major lifestyle, and die-
tary confounders. The multivariable-adjusted HR for the
highest quintile ofLCco3PUFA intake as compared with
the lowest quintile was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.64; P-trend <
0.01). However, a higher frequency of nonfried fish con-
sumption was not significantly associated with the risk of
asthma. DHA showed a greater inverse association than
did EPA. The association between LCco3PUFAs and inci-
dent asthma was not appreciably modified by sex, race,
BMI, smoking status, or atopic status. CONCLUSION:
This study showed that intakes of LCco3PUFAs are in-
versely longitudinally associated with the incidence of
asthma in American young adults.

Source: Li, J., P. Xun, et al. (2013). "Intakes of long-chain omega-3 (n-3)
PUFAs and fish in relation to incidence of asthma among American
young adults: The CARDIA study." Am J Clin Nutr 97( I): 173-178.

National Listing of Fish Advisories 5


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Relationship of methyl mercury accumula-
tion with lipid and weight in two river cat
fish species, Wallagoo attu and Mysti/s aor,
from West Bengal, India

This study focuses on mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in
Indian cat fish, Wallagoo attu and Mystus aor, from different
rivers. Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations were deter-
mined in muscle tissue of two different parts, ventral and
dorsal part, of each species and the levels of organic mer-
cury were co-related with lipid content of each part. The
MeHg concentrations increased in a linear fashion with
both weight and age for these river species. The average
concentration of MeHg was found to be 0.93 + 0.60 and
1.26 + 0.62 ]iig Hg/g (expressed in wet weight basis) for
ventral and dorsal parts, respectively in W. attu and this was
above the 0.25 j.ig Hg/g of wet weight, the limit set by the
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act for the maximum
level for consumption of fish exposed to mercury pollu-
tion. In M. Aor the concentration of MeHg was not above
the standard limit but threatening, it was 0.22 + 0.07 and
0.23 + 0.08 ]iig Hg/g (expressed in wet weight basis) in
dorsal and ventral parts, respectively.

Source: Pal, M. and M. Ghosh (2013). "Relationship of methyl mercury
accumulation with lipid and weight in two river cat fish species, Walla-
goo attu and Mystus aor, from West Bengal, India." Environ Monit As-
sess 185(1): 31-37.

Types offish consumed and fish prepara-
tion methods in relation to pancreatic can-
cer incidence:The VITAL cohort study

The associations of types of fish and fish preparation
methods with pancreatic cancer risk remain unknown. The
authors conducted a prospective cohort study in western
Washington State among 66,616 adults, aged 50-76 years,
who participated in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL)
cohort study. Diet was assessed by a food frequency ques-
tionnaire. Pancreatic cancer cases were identified by linkage
to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer
registry. During an average follow-up of 6.8 years, 151 par-
ticipants developed pancreatic cancer (adenocarcinoma).
Long-chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs)
and nonfried fish intake were inversely associated with pan-
creatic cancer incidence. When the highest and lowest ter-
tiles of exposure were compared, the multivariable-adjusted
hazard ratio of pancreatic cancer was 0.62 (95% confidence
interval: 0.40, 0.98) (Ptrend — 0.08) for LC-PUFAs and 0.55
(95% confidence interval: 0.34, 0.88) (Ptrend — 0.045) for
nonfried fish. Docosahexaenoic acid showed a greater in-
verse association with pancreatic cancer than eicosapen-

taenoic acid. No statistically significant associations were
observed with fried fish and shellfish consumption. The
potential health impact of fish consumption may depend
on the types of fish consumed and fish preparation meth-
ods. LC-PUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, and
nonfried fish, but not shellfish or fried fish, may be benefi-
cial in the primary prevention of pancreatic cancer.

Source: He, K., P. Xun, et al. (2013). "Types offish consumed and fish
preparation methods in relation to pancreatic cancer incidence: The
VITAL Cohort study." Am J Epidemiol 177(2): 152-160.

Mercury in serum predicts low risk of
death and myocardial infarction in Gothen-
burg women

PURPOSE: Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have
shown both positive and negative associations with cardio-
vascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association be-
tween serum Hg (S-Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease
in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to
the roles of dental health and fish consumption. METH-
ODS: Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality
from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was
followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38-
60), in relation to S-Hg at baseline, using Cox regression
models. Potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status,
serum lipids, alcohol consumption, dental health, smoking,
hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes) and other co-
variates (e.g., fish consumption) were also considered. RE-
SULTS: Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted only for age showed
strong inverse associations between baseline S-Hg and total
mortality Piighest quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 0.76; 95%
confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.97], incident AMI (HR 0.56;
CI 0.34-0.93), and fatal AMI (HR 0.31; CI 0.15-0.66). Ad-
justment for potential confounding factors, especially den-
tal health, had a strong impact on the risk estimates, and
after adjustment, only the reduced risk of fatal AMI re-
mained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There
was a strong inverse association between Hg exposure and
CVD. Likely, reasons are confounding with good dental
health (also correlated with the number of amalgam fillings
in these age groups) and/or fish consumption. The results
suggest potential effects of dental health and/or fish con-
sumption on CVD that deserve attention in preventive
medicine.

Source: Bergdahl, I. A, M. Ahlqwist, et al. (2013). "Mercury in serum
predicts low risk of death and myocardial infarction in Gothenburg
women." Int Arch Occup Environ Health 86(1): 71-77.

6	May 2013


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Effects of mercury deposition and conifer-
ous forests on the mercury contamination
offish in the South Central United States

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that is found in aquatic food
webs and is hazardous to human and wildlife health. We
examined the relationship between Hg deposition, land
coverage by coniferous and deciduous forests, and average
Hg concentrations in largemouth bass (M-icropterus sctlmoidei)
-equivalent fish (LMBE) in 14 ecoregions located within all
or part of six states in the South Central U.S. In 11 ecore-
gions, the average Hg concentrations in 35.6-cm total
length LMBE were above 300 ng/g, the threshold concen-
tration of Hg recommended by the UiSL Environmental
Protection Agency for the issuance of fish consumption
advisories. Percent land coverage by coniferous forests
within ecoregions had a significant linear relationship with
average Hg concentrations in LMBE, while percent land
coverage by deciduous forests did not. Eighty percent of
the variance in average Hg concentrations in LMBE be-
tween ecoregions could be accounted for by estimated Hg
deposition after adjusting for the effects of coniferous for-
ests. Here we show for the first time that fish from ecore-
gions with high atmospheric Hg pollution and coniferous
forest coverage pose a significant hazard to human health.
Our study suggests that models that use Hg deposition to
predict Hg concentrations in fish could be improved by
including the effects of coniferous forests On Hg deposi-
tion.

Source: Drenner, R. W„ M. M. Chumchal, et al. (2013). "Effects of
mercury deposition and coniferous forests on the mercury contamina-
tion offish in the South Central United States." Environ Sci Technol 47
(3): 1274-1279.

Mercury concentration in breast milk and
infant exposure assessment during the first
90 days of lactation in a mid western region
of Brazil

Breast milk samples collected from 18 nursing mothers
between the 15th and 90th day of lactation were digested in
nitric acid in a microwave, and total mercury (THg) levels
were quantified by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Par-
ticipants responded to a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire
on the 74th and 76th day of lactation and to a Food fre-
quency Questionnaire querying the frequency of fish intake
over the last 90 days. Usual intake was estimated using the
PC-SIDE software package. A meal of fish was offered on
the 75th day of lactation.; Mothers' individual mean THg
levels ranged from <0.76 to 22.7 ng/mL during the period,
and the mean level for all samples (n = 142) was 6.47 ±6.04
ng/mL. The multilevel mixed linear model used showed

high heterogeneity of the mercury levels among the moth-
ers, and THg levels did not change significantly over the
period under study. However, a significant increase in THg
levels was observed after the intervention with the fish
meal. Exposure increased for most infants on the 90th day
of lactation, with intakes exceeding the THg provisional
tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) at least once during the
period for 77.8 % of samples. Mothers consumed mostly
food from the fat and grain groups, and a significant corre-
lation was detected between consumption of food of these
groups and breast milk THg levels (p = 0.006 and 0.007). A
significant correlation was also found between vegetable
consumption and carbohydrate intake and LHg levels in
the samples (p — 0,015 and 0,045, respectively). No correla-
tion was found between mothers' daily fish consumption
frequency and THg levels, Although this study showed that
mercury intake by infants during lactation may exceed the
toxicologically safe exposure level (PTWI), we nevertheless
believe that the benefits of lactation for both the mother
and the infant outweigh the eventual risks that this expo-
sure may represent.

Source: Cunha, L. R., T. H. Costa, et al. (2013). "Mercury concentra-
tion in breast milk and infant exposure assessment during the first 90
days of lactation in a midwestern region of Brazil." Biol Trace Elem Res
151(1): 30-37.

Mercury exposure in young adulthood and
incidence of diabetes later in life:The CAR-
DIA trace element study

OBJECTIVE: Laboratory studies suggest that exposure to
methylmercury at a level similar to those found in fish may
induce pancreatic islet ]3-cell dysfunction. Few, if any, hu-
man studies have examined the association between mer-
cury exposure and diabetes incidence. We examined

National Listing of Fish Advisories 7


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whether toenail mercury levels are associated with inci-
dence of diabetes in a large prospective cohort. RE-
SEACH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective co-
hort of 3,875 American young adults, aged 20-32 years, free
of diabetes in 1987 (baseline), were enrolled and followed
six times until 2005. Baseline toenail mercury levels were
measured with instrumental neutron-activation analysis.
Incident diabetes was identified by plasma glucose levels,
oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1C levels, and/
or antidiabetic medications. RESULTS: A total of 288 in-
cident cases of diabetes occurred over 18 years of follow-
up. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity,
study center, education, smoking status, alcohol consump-
tion, physical activity, family history of diabetes, intakes of
long-chain n-3 fatty acids and magnesium, and toenail sele-
nium, toenail mercury levels were positively associated with
the incidence of diabetes. The hazard ratio (95% CI) of
incident diabetes compared the highest to the lowest quin-
tiles of mercury exposure was 1.65 (1.07-2.56; P for trend
= 0.02). Higher mercury exposure at baseline was also sig-
nificantly associated with decreased homeostatic model
assessment j3-cell function index (P for trend < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with findings
from laboratory studies and provide longitudinal human
data, suggesting that people with high mercury exposure in
young adulthood may have elevated risk of diabetes later in
life.

Source: He, K., P. Xun, et al. (2013). "Mercury exposure in young
adulthood and incidence of diabetes later in life: The CAR.DIA trace
element study." Diabetes Care. Epub ahead of print.

Neurodevelopmental effects of low-level
prenatal mercury exposure from maternal
fish consumption in a Mediterranean co-
hort: Study rationale and design

Background: Mercury is a neurotoxic environmental pollut-
ant. However, the literature on the neurodevelopmental
effect of low-level prenatal mercury exposure from mater-
nal fish intake is inconsistent. We assessed the association
between prenatal mercury exposure and infant neurodevel-
opment in coastal areas of 4 Mediterranean countries.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that planned
to enroll approximately 1700 mother-infant pairs. Preg-
nant women and their newborn children were recruited in
selected hospitals of the study areas. Biological samples,
including maternal hair and cord blood, were collected
from mothers and children, and the concentrations of mer-
cury and other elements were measured. Exposures to
lifestyle, environmental, and social factors were assessed

through questionnaires. The main outcome was child neu-
rodevelopment at 18 months, as measured by the Bayley
Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.
Conclusions: This cohort has a number of strengths. First,
mercury concentration was measured in several biological
samples, which allows for a better understanding of mer-
cury kinetics and is useful for sensitivity analyses. There-
fore, we expect to be able to adjust for the potential con-
founding effects of lifestyle and social factors and for the
effects of other elements that were measured in the biologi-
cal samples. Finally, this is a multinational study and thus
permits assessment of the relation between mercury and
child neurodevelopment in different populations.

Source: Valent, F., M. Horvat, etal. (2013). "Neurodevelopmental ef-
fects of low-level prenatal mercury exposure from maternal fish con-
sumption in a Mediterranean cohort: Study rationale and design." Jour-
nal of Epidemiology Journal of Epidemiology. Epub ahead of print.

An analysis of mercury exposures among
the adult population in New York state

The extent of methylmercury exposures among adults in
New York State (NYS) has not been well characterized.
Over the past few years, the NYS Heavy Metals Registry
(HMR) has seen an increase in both blood mercury tests
being reported, and nonoccupational exposures to mercury,
which appear primarily due to fish consumption. This
study will, (1) Characterize the adults who are tested for
blood mercury in NYS; (2) Examine the circumstances for
blood mercury testing; and (3) Characterize this population
in terms of exposure history, specifically those individuals
who are non-occupationally exposed through a diet of sea-
food consumption in reference to blood mercury levels.
Data available from HMR laboratory results, including ba-
sic demographics and test results, were combined with data
from telephone interviews. The interview contains infor-
mation on the reasons for testing, possible sources of ex-
posure, and the individual's work and home environment.
Approximately 99 % of adults reported to the HMR, with
identifiable exposures to mercury, had non-occupational
exposures resulting from seafood consumption. Common
types of fish consumed include salmon, tuna, and sword-
fish, with 90 % of adults eating seafood a few times or
more per week. Information will be provided on the rea-
sons for being tested and the range of blood mercury levels
in relation to their seafood consumption. NYS residents
who frequently eat fish should be aware of what types of
fish contain mercury and avoid or reduce consumption of
fish with high mercury levels.

Source: Fletcher, A M. and K. H. Gelberg (2012). "An analysis of mer-
cury exposures among the adult population in New York state." Jour-
nal of Community Health. Epub ahead of print.


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Fish consumption patterns and mercury
exposure levels among women of child-
bearing age in Duval County, Florida

Consumption of fish containing methylmercury can pose
serious health concerns including neurotoxic effects in
adults and toxicity to the fetuses of mothers exposed dur-
ing pregnancy. In the study described in this article, the
authors examined fish consumption patterns and measured
hair mercury levels of women of childbearing age in a
coastal county in Florida. Women from the community
participated in a risk factor assessment survey jM = 703).
Hair samples (n = 698) were collected and analyzed for
mercury. The authors identified 74.8% below detection
limit; 25.2 > had detectable limits of mercury, while 7%:
exceeded 1 [.ig/g. Hair mercury levels increased with fish
consumption and age. Race, income, and education levels
were also associated with increased hair mercury levels.
Women of Asian/Pacific Islander origin had the highest
levels. Although reported fish consumption exceeded the
recommendations for women of childbearing age, the
study population had lower mercury levels than other com-
parative studies in Florida and at national levels.

Source: Traynor, S., G. Kearney, etal. (2013). "Fish consumption pat-
terns and mercury exposure levels among women of childbearing age
in Duval County, Florida." Journal of Environmental Health 75(6).

Evaluation of seafood toxicity in the Aus-
trales archipelago (French Polynesia) using
the neuroblastoma cell-based assay

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP)j a disease caused by con-
suming fish that have accumulated ciguatoxins (CTXs) in
their tissue, is regarded as the most prevalent form of in-
toxication in French Polynesia. Recently, the Australes,
one of the least affected archipelago until the early 1980s,
has shown a dramatic increase in its incidence rates in 2009
with unusual CEP eases. In the present work, potential
health hazards associated with the proliferation of various
marine phytoplankton species and the consumption of fish
and marine invertebrates highly popular among local popu-
lation were assessed in three Australes islands: Raivavae,
Rurutu and Rapa. Extracts from the marine dinoflagellates
Gambierdiscus, Ostreospis and mat-forming cyanobacteria
as well as fish, giant clams and sea urchin samples were
examined for the presence of CTXs and palytoxin (PLTX)
by using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N:2a).
Cytotoxic responses observed with both standards (Pacific
CTX-3C and PLTX) and targeted marine products indicate
that CB \ \ 2a is a fobust screening tool, with high sensi-
tivity and good repeatability and reproducibility. In Rurutu
and Raivavae islands, our main findings concern the pres-

ence of CTX-like compounds in giant clams and sea urchins,
suggesting a second bio-accumulation route forCFP toxins
in the ciguatera food chain. In Rapa, the potential CFP risk
from Gambierdiscus bloom and fish was confirmed for the
first time, with levels of CTXs found above the consumer
advisory level of 0.01 ng Pacific CTX-1B g(-l) of flesh in
three fish samples. However, despite the presence of trace
level of PLTX in Ostreopsis natural assemblages of Rapa, no
sign of PLTX accumulation is yet observed in tested fish
samples. Because this multi-toxinic context is likely to
emerge in most French Polynesian islands, CBA~N2a shows
great potential for future applications in the algal- and toxin-
based field monitoring programs currently on hand locally.

Source: Pawlowiez, R„ H. T. Darius, et al. (2013). "Evaluation of seafood
toxicity in the Australes archipelago (French Polynesia) using the neuro-
blastoma cell-based assay." Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Con-
trol Expo Risk Assess 30(3): 567-586.

Seafood consumption and blood mercury
concentrations in Jamaican children with and
without autism spectrum disorders

Mercury is a toxic metal shown to have harmful effects on
human health. Several studies have reported high blood mer-
cury concentrations as a risk factor for autism spectrum dis-
orders (ASDs), while other studies have reported no such
association. The goal of this study was to investigate the as-

National Listing of Fish Advisories 9


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sociation between blood mercury concentrations in chil-
dren and ASDs. Moreover, we investigated the role of
seafood consumption in relation to blood mercury concen-
trations in Jamaican children. Based on data for 65 sex-
and age-matched pairs (2-8 years), we used a General Lin-
ear Model to test whether there is an association between
blood mercury concentrations and ASDs. After control-
ling for the child's frequency of seafood consumption, ma-
ternal age, and parental education, we did not find a signifi-
cant difference (P = 0.61) between blood mercury concen-
trations and ASDs. However, in both cases and control
groups, children who ate certain types of seafood (i.e., salt
water fish, sardine, or mackerel fish) had significantly
higher (all P < 0.05) geometric means blood mercury con-
centration which were about 3.5 times that of children liv-
ing in the US or Canada. Our findings also indicate that
Jamaican children with parents who both had education up
to high school are at a higher risk of exposure to mercury
compared to children with at least one parent who had
education beyond high school. Based on our findings, we
recommend additional education to Jamaican parents re-
garding potential hazards of elevated blood mercury con-
centrations, and its association with seafood consumption
and type of seafood.

Source: Rahbar, M. H., M. Samms-Vaughan, etal. (2013). "Seafood
consumption and blood mercury concentrations in Jamaican children
with and without autism spectrum disorders." Neurotox Res 23(1): 22-
38.

Dietary habits, nutrients and bone mass in
Spanish premenopausal women: The con-
tribution of fish to better bone health

The moderate consumption of fish is recommended for a
healthy diet and is also a feature of the Mediterranean diet.
Fish is a major food group in diets throughout the world,
and studies show that fish consumption is associated with a
lower risk of a number of conditions. Spain has one of the
highest annual per capita consumptions of fish worldwide.
As fish is a source of high quality protein; n-3 polyunsatu-
rated fatty acids; vitamins, such as A and D; and minerals,
such as selenium, calcium, iodine, magnesium, copper and
zinc, nutrients that have positive effects on bone character-
istics, it has been proposed that its consumption could im-
prove bone health. In this cross-sectional study, we have
investigated the relationship between dietary habits and
nutrient intake of 151 Spanish premenopausal women and
analyzed the association of fish consumption on bone mass
measured by quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges. A
higher (P < 0.05) bone mass and vitamin D intake (P <

0.05) was observed in the group with a fish intake of 5-7
servings/week. We conclude that increased fish consump-
tion is helpful in maintaining an adequate bone mass in
Spanish premenopausal women.

Source: Calderon-Garcia, J. F., J. M. Moran, et al. (2013). "Dietary hab-
its, nutrients and bone mass in Spanish premenopausal women: The
contribution offish to better bone health." Nutrients 5(1): 10-22.

OCPs and PCBs in marine edible fish and
human health risk assessment in the east-
ern Guangdong, China

Marine edible fish samples were collected from two impor-
tant nearshore fishing sites in the eastern Guangdong Prov-
ince, China: Shantou Harbor and Haimen Bay. In the
mixed edible muscle tissues of marine fish samples, the
concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, dichlorodi-
phenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes
(HCHs), chlordanes, and hexachlorobenzene ranged from
1.12 to 53.87, ND (not detected) to 84.01, 0.22 to 7.09,
ND to 4.74, and ND to 1.49 ng/g wet weight (ww) in Hai-
men Bay, respectively, and from ND to 70.35, ND to
164.83, ND to 8.68, ND to 25.61, and ND to 1.76 ng/g
ww in Shantou Harbor, respectively. The concentrations
of PCBs, DDTs, and HCHs in all samples did not exceed
maximum residue limits (China and United States Food
and Drug Administration). However, a few fish samples
exceed the maximum levels established by the European
Union. Daily fish consumption from this region can be of
serious concern, and lifetime cancer risk remains a possibil-
ity in the studied area.

Source: Shi, J., Y. Li, et al. (2013). "OCPs and PCBs in marine edible fish
and human health risk assessment in the eastern Guangdong, China."
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 64(4): 632-
642.

Higher fish intake is associated with a
lower risk of hip fractures in Chinese men
and women: A matched case-control study

Objectives: Fish is rich in nutrients that are favorable to
bone health, but limited data are available regarding the
relationship between fish intake and hip fractures. Our
study examined the association between habitual fish intake
and risk of hip fractures.

Methods: A case-control study was performed between
June 2009 and June 2012 in Guangdong Province, China.
Five hundred and eighty-one hip fracture incident cases,
aged 55 to 80 years (mean: 71 years), were enrolled from
four hospitals. 1:1 matched controls by gender and age (+3
years) were also recruited from communities and hospitals.

10	May 2013


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Face-to-face interviews were used to obtain habitual dietary
intake and information on various covariates.

Results: Univariate conditional logistic regression analyses
showed significantly dose-dependent inverse correlations
between the risk of hip fractures and the intake of fresh-
water fish, sea fish, mollusca, shellfish, and total fish in all
of the subjects (p-trend: <0.001—0.016). After adjusting for
covariates, the associations were slightly attenuated but
remained significant for all (p-trend: <0.001—0.017) except
for fresh-water fish (p = 0.553). The ORs (95%CI) of hip
fractures for the highest (vs. lowest) quartile were 0.80
(0.48—1.31) for fresh-water fish, 0.31 (0.18—0.52) for sea
fish, 0.55 (0.34—0.88) for mollusca and shellfish, and 0.47
0.28—0.79) for total fish, respectively. Stratified and inter-
action analyses showed that the association was more sig-
nificant in males than in females (^-interaction = 0.052).
Conclusion: Higher intake of seafood is independently
associated with lower risk of hip fractures in elderly Chi-
nese. Increasing consumption of sea fish may benefit the
prevention of hip fractures in this population.

Source: Fan, F., W. Q. Xue, et al. (2013). "Higher fish intake is associ-
ated with a lower risk of hip fractures in Chinese men and women: A
matched case-control study." PLoS One 8(2): e56849.

Issues offish consumption for cardiovascu-
lar disease risk reduction

Increasing fish consumption is recommended for intake of
omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and to confer benefits for the risk
reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most Ameri-
cans are not achieving intake levels that comply with cur-
rent recommendations. It is the goal of this review to pro-
vide an overview of the issues affecting this shortfall of
intake. Herein we describe the relationship between fish
intake and CVD risk reduction as well as the other nutri-
tional contributions of fish to the diet. Currently recom-
mended intake levels are described and estimates of fish
consumption at a food disappearance and individual level
are reported. Risk and benefit factors influencing the
choice to consume fish are outlined. The multiple factors
influencing fish availability from global capture and aqua-
culture are described as are other pertinent issues of fish
nutrition, production, sustainability, and consumption pat-
terns. This review highlights some of the work that needs
to be carried out to meet the demand for fish and to posi-
tively affect intake levels to meet fish intake recommenda-
tions for CVD risk reduction.

Source: Raatz, S. K., J. T. Silverstein, et al. (2013). "Issues of fish con-
sumption for cardiovascular disease risk reduction." Nutrients 5(4):
1081-1097.

Human dietary exposure to uranium in
Catalonia, Spain

The purpose of this study was to determine the daily die-
tary intake of uranium (U) by the general population of
Catalonia, Spain. Uranium concentrations were measured
in foods widely consumed by the population living in that
autonomous community. Food samples were randomly
acquired in 12 representative cities of Catalonia. The die-
tary intake of U was estimated for various age-gender
groups: children, adolescents, adults, and seniors. Fish and
seafood was the food group showing the highest U con-
centrations (0.090 ]llg/g of fresh weight (fw), followed by
dairy products (0.044 (Jg/g fw). In contrast, the lowest U
levels were found in oils and fats (0.003 (.ig/g fw), while in
tubers and milk, U was not detected in any sample. The
estimated dietary intake of U for a standard male adult of
70 kg body weight living in Catalonia was 15.48 |.ig/day.
According to the age/gender of the population, the highest
dietary intake of U corresponded to children (20.32 j.ig/
day), while senior females was the subgroup with the low-
est U intake (10.04 (.ig/day). Based on the tolerable daily
intake established for U, the current dietary intake of this
metal by the general population of Catalonia should not
mean health risks for any of the different age/gender
groups of consumers.

Source: Belles, M., V. Linares, et al. (2013). "Human dietary exposure
to uranium in Catalonia, Spain." Biol Trace Elem Res 152(1): 1-8.

Establishment of a seafood index to assess
the seafood consumption in pregnant
women

BACKGROUND: Seafood (fish and shellfish) is an excel-
lent source of several essential nutrients for pregnant and
lactating women. A short food frequency questionnaire
(FFQ) that can be used to quantitatively estimate seafood
consumption would be a valuable tool to assess seafood
consumption in this group. Currently there is no such vali-
dated FFQ in Norway. OBJECTIVE: The objective of
this study was to establish and validate a seafood index
from a seafood FFQ against blood biomarkers (the omega-
3 index, the omega-3 HUFA score, and serum 250H vita-
min D). DESIGN: We assessed maternal seafood con-
sumption during the 28th gestation week in healthy Nor-
wegian women (n=54) with a seafood FFQ. A seafood
index was developed to convert ordinal frequency data
from the FFQ into numerical scale data. The following
blood biomarkers were used as a validation method: omega

National Listing of Fish Advisories \ \


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-3 index, omega-3 HUFA score, and die serum 25.0H vita-
min D. RESULTS: The reported frequency of seafood as
dinner and as spread was strongly correlated with the esti-
mated frequencies of seafood as dinner and as spread. This
indicated that the seafood index is a valuable tool to aggre-
gate reported frequencies from the seafood PFQ, The sea-
food index composed of the frequency of seafood con-
sumption and intake of omega-3 supplements, termed the
total seafood index, correlated positively with the omega-3
index, omega-3 I ILT \ score, and 250H vitamin D.
C0XC1 .L'SIOX: We established and validated a seafood
index from a seafood FFQ. The developed seafood index
can be used when studying health effects of seafood con-
sumption in large populations. This seafood FFQ captures
seafood consumption and omega-3 supplement intake con-
siderably well in a group of pregnant women.

Source: Markhus, M. W., I. E. Graff, et al. (2013). "Establishment of a
seafood index to assess the seafood consumption in pregnant women."
Food Nutr Res 57: I-I I.

Maternal fish consumption during preg-
nancy and risks of wheezing and eczema in
childhood:The Generation R Study

Background/Objectives: Maternal fish consumption during
pregnancy might influence the fetal immune system
through anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids,
and might affect the risks of childhood asthma and atopy.
In Generation R, a prospective cohort study m the Nether-
lands, we examined the associations of first trimester fish
consumption with childhood wheezing and eczema in the
first 4 years of life. Methods: In total, 2976 mothers com-
pleted a 293-item semiquantitative food frequency ques-
tionnaire covering dietary intake in the first trimester. The
occurrence of wheezing and eczema was yearly assessed by
questionnaires. Results: Median weekly fish consumption
was 83 (95% range 0-316) grams per week. We observed
no consistent associations of maternal total-, lean- or fatty-
fish consumption during pregnancy "with the risks of child-
hood wheezing. Maternal shellfish consumption of l-13g
per week was associated with overall increased risks of
childhood wheezing and eczema (OR 1.20 (1.04, 1.40) and
OR 1.18 (1.01, 1.37), respectively). Maternal fatty fish con-
sumption of 35-69g per week was associated with increased
overall risks of childhood eczema (OR 1.17 (1.00, 1.38)),
but maternal total- or lean-fish consumption was not.
Conclusions: During pregnancy, shellfish consumption was
associated with in creased risks of wheezing and eczema,
while fatty fish consumption was associated with a higher

risk of eczema only. Maternal total fish or lean fish con-
sumption were not associated with wheezing or eczema.
Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and
to explore underlying mechanisms.

Source: Leermakers, E. T„ A. M. Sonnenschein-van der Voort, et al.
(2013). "Maternal fish consumption during pregnancy and risks of
wheezing and eczema in childhood: The Generation R Study." Euro-
pean Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67(4): 353-359.

Mercury levels in feed and muscle of
farmed tilapia

Source: Botaro, D„ J. P. Torres, et al. (2012). "Mercury levels in feed
and muscle of farmed tilapia." American Journal of Industrial Medicine
55(12): I 159-1 165.

Heavy metals distribution in muscle, liver,
kidney and gill of European catfish (Silurus
glanis) from Italian Rivers

Source: Squadrone, S„ M. Prearo, et al. (2013). "Heavy metals distribu-
tion in muscle, liver, kidney and gill of European catfish (Silurus glanis)
from Italian Rivers." Chemosphere 90(2): 358-365.

Toxic metals (Hg, Pb, and Cd) in commer-
cially important demersal fish from Medi-
terranean Sea: Contamination levels and
dietary exposure assessment

Source: Storelli, M. M. and G. Barone (2013). "Toxic metals (Hg, Pb,
and Cd) in commercially important demersal fish from Mediterranean
Sea: Contamination levels and dietary exposure assessment." j Food Sci
78(2): T3 62-3 66.

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12	May 2013


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Regional variation in mercury and stable
isotopes of red snapper (Lutjanus cam-
pechanus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico,
USA

Source: Zapp Sluis, M., K. M. Boswell, etal. (2013). "Regional variation
in mercury and stable isotopes of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)
in the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA" Environ Toxicol Chem 32(2):
434-441.

Mercury, arsenic and selenium concentra-
tions in water and fish from sub-Saharan
semi-arid freshwater reservoirs (Burkina
Faso)

Source: Ouedraogo, O. and M. Amyot (2013). "Mercury, arsenic and
selenium concentrations in water and fish from sub-Saharan semi-arid
freshwater reservoirs (Burkina Faso)." Sci Total Environ 444: 243-254.

Biomagnification of mercury and its antago-
nistic interaction with selenium in yellowfin
tuna Thunnus albacares in the trophic web
of Baja California Sur, Mexico

Source: Ordiano-Flores, A, R. Rosiles-Martinez, et al. (2012).
"Biomagnification of mercury and its antagonistic interaction with sele-
nium in yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in the trophic web of Baja
California Sur, Mexico." Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 86: 182-187.

Organochlorine and organobromine com-
pounds in a benthic fish (Solea solea) from
Bizerte Lagoon (northern Tunisia): Implica-
tions for human exposure

Source: Ben Ameur, W„ Y. El Megdiche, etal. (2013). "Organochlorine
and organobromine compounds in a benthic fish (Solea solea) from
Bizerte Lagoon (northern Tunisia): implications for human exposure."
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 88: 55-64.

Exposure to organochlorines and mercury
through fish and marine mammal consump-
tion: Associations with growth and dura-
tion of gestation among Inuit newborns

Source: Dallaire, R., E. Dewailly, et al. (2013). "Exposure to or-
ganochlorines and mercury through fish and marine mammal consump-
tion: Associations with growth and duration of gestation among Inuit
newborns." Environ Int 54C: 85-91.

Risks and benefits' consumption of bird-
beak dogfish Deania calcea

Source: Paiva, R. B., A. Neves, etal. (2012). "Risks and benefits' con-
sumption of birdbeak dogfish Deania calcea." British Food Journal I 14
(6): 826-839.

The effect of maternal omega-3 (n-3)
LCPUFA supplementation during preg-
nancy on early childhood cognitive and vis-
ual development: A systematic review and
meta-analysis of randomized controlled tri-
als

Source: Gould, J. F., L. G. Smithers, et al. (2013). "The effect of mater-
nal omega-3 (n-3) LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy on early
childhood cognitive and visual development: A systematic review and
meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." Am J Clin Nutr 97(3):
531 -544.

Differential accumulation of trace elements
in ventral and dorsal muscle tissues in tila-
pia and milkfish with different feeding hab-
its from the same cultured fishery pond

Source: Ling, M. P., C. C. Wu, et al. (2013). "Differential accumulation
of trace elements in ventral and dorsal muscle tissues in tilapia and
milkfish with different feeding habits from the same cultured fishery
pond." Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 89: 222-230.

Concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mer-
cury in halfbeaks (Hyporhampus affinis)
from the east Java coast, Indonesia and hu-
man health hazard

Source: Asmysari, A S., B. Irawan, et al. (2013). "Concentrations of
lead, cadmium, and mercury in halfbeaks (Hyporhampus affinis) from the
east Java coast, Indonesia and human health hazard." Hum. Ecol. Risk
Assess. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 19(1): 151-157.

Trace elements in two marine fish species
during estuarine residency: Non-essential
versus essential

Source: Mieiro, C. L., J. P. Coelho, et al. (2012). "Trace elements in
two marine fish species during estuarine residency: Non-essential ver-
sus essential." Mar Pollut Bull 64(12): 2844-2848.

Long term neurocognitive impact of low
dose prenatal methylmercury exposure in
Hong Kong

Source: Lam, H. S., K. M. Kwok etal. (2013). "Longterm neurocogni-
tive impact of low dose prenatal methylmercury exposure in Hong
Kong." Environ Int 54C: 59-64.

National Listing of Fish Advisories \ 3


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Mercury in the seafood and human expo-
sure in coastal area of Guangdong prov-
ince, South China

Source: Li, P., X. Feng, et al. (2013). "Mercury in the seafood and hu-
man exposure in coastal area of Guangdong province, South China."
Environ Toxicol Chem 32(3): 541-547.

Global transcriptome analysis of Atlantic
cod (Gadus morhua) liver after in vivo me-
thylmercury exposure suggests effects on
energy metabolism pathways

Source: Yadetie, F., O. A. Karlsen, et al. (2013). "Global transcriptome
analysis of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) liver after in vivo methylmer-
cury exposure suggests effects on energy metabolism pathways." Aquat
Toxicol 126: 314-325.

Mercury, arsenic and selenium exposure
levels in relation to fish consumption in the
Mediterranean area

Source: Miklavcic, A, A Casetta, etal. (2013). "Mercury, arsenic and
selenium exposure levels in relation to fish consumption in the Medi-
terranean area." Environ Res 120: 7-17.

Relationship of estimated dietary intake of
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish
with peripheral nerve function after adjust-
ing for mercury exposure

Source: Wang Y., J. M. Goodrich, et al. (2013). "Relationship of esti-
mated dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish with
peripheral nerve function after adjusting for mercury exposure." Sci-
ence of the Total Environment 454-455: 73-78.

Estimated intake levels for Finnish children
of methylmercury from fish

Source: Karjalainen, A K., A Hallikainen, et al. (2013). "Estimated
intake levels for Finnish children of methylmercury from fish." Food
and Chemical Toxicology 54: 70-77.

Effects of skin removal on contaminant lev-
els in salmon and trout filets

Source: Zhang, X., N. Gandhi, et al. (2013). "Effects of skin removal on
contaminant levels in salmon and trout filets." Science of the Total
Environment 443: 218-225.

Mercury in fishes from Augusta Bay
(southern Italy): Risk assessment and health
implication

Source: Bonsignore, M., D. Salvagio Manta, et al. (2013). "Mercury in
fishes from Augusta Bay (southern Italy): Risk assessment and health
implication." Food and Chemical Toxicology 56(1): 184-194.

Fish, contaminants and human health:
Quantifying and weighing benefits and risks

Source: Hoekstra, J., A Hart et al. (2013). "Fish, contaminants and
human health: Quantifying and weighing benefits and risks." Food and
Chemical Toxicology 54: 18-29.

Neuropsychological assessment at school-
age and prenatal low-level exposure to
mercury through fish consumption in an
Italian birth cohort living near a contami-
nated site

Source: Deroma, L., M. Parpinel, etal. (2013). "Neuropsychological
assessment at school-age and prenatal low-level exposure to mercury
through fish consumption in an Italian birth cohort living near a con-
taminated site." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental
Health. Epub ahead of print.

Dietary exposure and risk assessment of
mercury via total diet study in Cambodia

Source: Cheng, Z., H.-S. Wang, et al. (2013). "Dietary exposure and
risk assessment of mercury via total diet study in Cambodia." Chemos-
phere. Epub ahead of print.

Concentrations of organochlorine pesti-
cides (OCPs) in human blood plasma from
Hong Kong: Markers of exposure and
sources from fish

Source: Wang, H.-S., Z.-J. Chen, et al. (2013). "Concentrations of or-
ganochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in human blood plasma from Hong
Kong: Markers of exposure and sources from fish." Environment Inter-
national 54: 18-25.

Role of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids in type 2 diabetes:A review of epide-
miological and clinical studies

Source: Jafari, T., A A. Fallah, et al. (2013). "Role of dietary n-3 polyun-
saturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: A review of epidemiological
and clinical studies." Maturitas 74(4): 303-308.

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid and
methylmercury on childs brain
development due to consumption offish
by Finnish mother during pregnancy: A
probabilistic modeling approach

Source: Leino, O., A. K. Karjalainen, et al. (2013). "Effects of docosa-
hexaenoic acid and methylmercury on childs brain development due to
consumption of fish by Finnish mother during pregnancy: A probabilis-
tic modeling approach." Food and Chemical Toxicology 54: 50-58.

14	May 2013


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From fish chemical characterization to the
benefit-risk assessment - Part A

Source: Afonso, C., H. M. Lourenco, et al. (2013). "From fish chemical
characterization to the benefit-risk assessment - Part A" Food Chem-
istry 137(1-4): 99-107.

Fish consumption during child bearing age:
A quantitative risk-benefit analysis on
neurodevelopment

Source: Zeilmaker, M. J., J. Hoekstra, et al. (2013). "Fish consumption
during child bearing age: A quantitative risk-benefit analysis on neuro-
development." Food and Chemical Toxicology 54: 30-34.

Heavy metal concentrations in some
commercially important fishes and their
contribution to heavy metals exposure in
Palestinian people of Gaza Strip (Palestine)

Source: Elnabris, K. J., S. K. Muzyed, et al. (2013). "Heavy metal con-
centrations in some commercially important fishes and their contribu-
tion to heavy metals exposure in Palestinian people of Gaza Strip
(Palestine)." Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic
and Applied Sciences 13(1): 44-51.

Mercury and selenium levels, and
selenium:mercury molar ratios of brain,
muscle and other tissues in bluefish
(Pomatomus saltatrix) from New Jersey, USA

Source: Burger, J., C. Jeitner, et al. (2013). "Mercury and selenium
levels, and selenium:mercury molar ratios of brain, muscle and other
tissues in bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) from New Jersey, USA." Sci-
ence of the Total Environment 443: 278-286.

Fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acids, and
environmental contaminants in relation to
low-grade inflammation and early
atherosclerosis

Source: Turunen, A W„ A. Jula, etal. (2013). "Fish consumption,
omega-3 fatty acids, and environmental contaminants in relation to low
-grade inflammation and early atherosclerosis." Environ Res 120: 43-54.

Additional Information

For more information about specific advisories within a state, contact the
appropriate state agency listed on EPA's NLFA website at http://
fi shadvi soryonl i ne.epa.gov/Contacts.aspx

For more information about the NLFA or EPA's Fish
Advisory Program, contact:

The NLFA Newsletter at Fish_Advisory@epa.gov or
Jeff Bigler, National Program Manager, Fish
Advisory Program

Telephone: 202.566.0389
E-mail: bigler.jeff@epa.gov

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Science and Technology (4305T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460

National Listing of Fish Advisories \ 5


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