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Mississippi

Implementing Best Management Practices Restored the Biological
Integrity of Bahala Creek

yy I u L , I	;p(-j The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ.)

1	placed Bahala Creek (Waterbody ID 513811) on the state's 2006

Clean Water Act (CWA) section 303(d) list of impaired waters for aquatic life use impairment.
Implementation of best management practices (BMPs) through U.S. Department of Agriculture
Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) programs helped to abate sediment entering streams
in the watershed from contributing land use activities. As a result of the BMPs implemented in the
watershed, impacts from sediments were reduced and the water quality in Bahala Creek improved.
In 2022, Bahala Creek was assessed as attaining the aquatic life use in the state's CWA section 303(d)
list and is no longer on the impaired waters list.

Problem

Bahala Creek is in the Russell Creek-Bahala Creek
watershed (HUC 031800030101) in Mississippi's
Copiah County. This watershed is within Mississippi's
Pearl River drainage basin. The watershed spans
approximately 35,521 acres (ac) and is part of the
larger Pearl River drainage basin. Land use within the
Russell Creek-Bahala Creek Watershed is 59.8% forest,

17.7% pasture/grassland, 5.9% urban, 9% scrub-barren,

7.3% wetland, and less than 1.0% water (Figure 1).

Bahala Creek runs through the center of the watershed
and serves as the primary receiving stream for water
flowing through the watershed.

Biological community data are routinely used by
MDEQ to determine if streams are healthy enough to
support a balanced aquatic community. Bahala Creek
(Waterbody ID: MS513811) was monitored as part
of Mississippi's biological monitoring program. Using
MDEQ's Index of biological integrity, the Mississippi
Benthic Index of Stream Quality (M-BISQ), Bahala
Creek scored below the attainment threshold used
to assess aquatic life use for this region of the state.

MDEQ placed Bahala Creek on the state's 2006 CWA
section 303(d) list of impaired waters for aquatic life
use impairment. Upon additional investigation, it was
determined that excessive sedimentation was causing
the impairment. As a result, MDEQ developed a sedi-
ment TMDL for Bahala Creek in 2009 that called for a	Figure 1. The Russell Creek-Bahala Creek watershed is in
98% reduction in sediment loading to the stream. southwest Mississippi's Copiah County.

Legend

C3 Subwatershed (HUC 12) (^><9 State Highway

A MBISQ Stream Monitoring	. , „ .

Location

2022 303d Impaired Segment a County
TMDL Completed Segment	City

Perennial Stream
Intermittent Stream
US Highway


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Figure 2. Grade stabilization structure BMP.

Story Highlights

The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
is a voluntary conservation program offered by the
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS).
The EQIP program provides financial and technical
assistance to agricultural and forestry producers
to address natural resource concerns and deliver
environmental benefits such as improved water and
air quality, conserved ground and surface water,
reduced soil erosion and sedimentation, and improved
or created wildlife habitat. From 2005 through 2019,
NRCS worked with the Copiah County Soil and Water
Conservation District and local producers to imple-
ment BMPs, including 18 grade stabilization structures
(Figure 2), 38,777 feet (ft) of fencing, 30 ac of criti-
cal area planting, and 12,514 ft2 of heavy use area
protection (Figure 3) in the Russell Creek-Bahala Creek
Watershed. Landowners also implemented prescribed
grazing, alternative watering facilities, nutrient and
pest management, tree/shrub establishment, pasture/
hayland planting, and other BMPs. The implementa-
tion of these BMPs is estimated to save more than 781
tons of soil per year, with additional load reductions
of nearly 6,709 pounds of phosphorus and more than
34,221 pounds of nitrogen per year.

Results

In 2020 MDEQ returned to Bahala Creek to collect
biological community data (Figure 4). The M--BISQ data
was above the attainment threshold used to assess
aquatic life use support for this region. Using this 2020
biological community data, Bahala Creek was assessed

Figure 4. Bahala Creek during M-BISQsampling.

as attaining the aquatic life use with an M-BISQ score
of 44.7 (reference condition score: 43.7). As a result,
MDEQ removed Bahala Creek from the state's CWA
section 303(d) list in the 2022 cycle.

Partners and Funding

The restoration of Bahala Creek was a collective
effort between NRCS, the Mississippi Soil and Water
Conservation Commission (MSWCC), the Copiah
County Soil and Water Conservation District, and local
producers. From 2006 through 2019, nearly $828,000
were used in the Russell Creek-Bahala Creek water-
shed. MDEQ works with NRCS, MSWCC, and other
partners to evaluate existing water quality information
and data to measure environmental improvements
achieved from implementing conservation practices.
This evaluation links actions with outcomes that result
in better water quality in Bahala Creek.

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Washington, DC

EPA 841-F-22-001FF
December 2022

For additional information contact:

Ajay Parshotam

Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality
601-961-4253 • aparshotam@mdeq.ms.gov


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