EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS NOTE: The data below represents surface water samples that were collected on March 12, 2014 by EPA START (Team 1) sampling teams. Water sample measurements are in milligrams per liter (mg/L) and/or micrograms per liter (|a,g/L) for these samples. The data is being compared to EPA ecological risk screening levels (ERSLs) to protect aquatic life in the surface water of the Dan River. Specific qualifiers and footnotes are listed below the summary table. These samples were collected at various locations along the river (refer to map for generalized locations). The detected concentrations in surface water are all below the EPA ERSLs with the exception of aluminum, copper, iron, and lead. EPA typically screens the surface water concentrations using total metals samples, because this is a conservative practice for screening. Because none of these compounds were detected above screening levels in any of the samples of the dissolved fraction of surface water (i.e., samples that were filtered to remove particulates), there is no threat of toxicity to aquatic organisms. When chemical concentrations exceed the screening values it doesn't mean there will be adverse health or ecological effects, but recommends further investigation may be needed. Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 DRSS Boat Ramp Hwy 700 Hwy 880 Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-DUKE-L-SW- 20140312 EDEN-HW700-C-SW- 20140312 EDEN-BHB-C-SW- 20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1312 1208 1143 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Surface Water Water Quality Monitoring Temperature - - - - - - - Dissolved Oxygen <6 mg/L - - - - - - Specific Conductance - - - - - - - pH 6.5-9.0 std - - - - - - Turbidity 50 NTU - - - - - - Dissolved metals Aluminum 87 Hg/L 22U \igfL 22.6U \igfL 29.1U \igfL Antimony 5.6 Hg/L 5U \igfL 5U \igfL 5U \igfL Arsenic 10 Hg/L 4.5U \igfL 0.206J \igfL 0.176J \igfL Barium 220 Hg/L 19.2 \igfL 20.8 \igfL 21 \igfL Beryllium 0.66 Hg/L 0.65U \igfL 0.65U \igfL 0.65U \igfL Boron 0.36 mg/L 0.139U mg/L 0.153U mg/L 0.202U mg/L Cadmium 0.1 Hg/L 0.1U \igfL 0.1U \igfL 0.1U \igfL Calcium - - 6,550 \igfL 6,710 \igfL 6,390 \igfL Chromium 25 Hg/L 0.15J \igfL 0.173J \igfL 0.174J \igfL Cobalt 3 Hg/L 0.121J \igfL 0.169J \igfL 0.141J \igfL Copper 3 Hg/L 2U \igfL 2U \igfL 2U \igfL Iron 1,000 Hg/L 277 \igfL 287 \igfL 268 \igfL Lead 0.59 Hg/L 0.5U \igfL 0.5U \igfL 0.148J \igfL Magnesium - - 2,670J \igfL 2,650J \igfL 2,560J \igfL Manganese 200 Hg/L 12.4 \igfL 8.38 \igfL 6.42 \igfL Mercury 0.000012 mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L Molybdenum 800 Hg/L 5U \igfL 5U \igfL 5U \igfL Nickel 17 Hg/L 0.211J \igfL 0.317J \igfL 0.327J \igfL Potassium 53,000 Hg/L 1,570J \igfL 1,630J \igfL 1,5 80J \igfL Selenium 5 Hg/L 4.5U \igfL 4.5U \igfL 4.5U \igfL Silver 0.06 Hg/L 0.05U \igfL 0.05U \igfL 0.05U \igfL Sodium 680,000 Hg/L 4,430J \igfL 4,420J \igfL 4,160J \igfL Thallium 0.24 Hg/L 0.2U \igfL 0.2U \igfL 0.2U \igfL Vanadium 27 Hg/L 0.367J \igfL 0.403J \igfL 0.456J \igfL Zinc 39 Hg/L 10U \igfL 2.23J \igfL 2.6J \igfL United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 1 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 DRSS Boat Ramp Hwy 700 Hwy 880 Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-DUKE-L-SW- 20140312 EDEN-HW700-C-SW- 20140312 EDEN-BHB-C-SW- 20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1312 1208 1143 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Surface Water Total Dissolved Solids Total Dissolved Solids - - 35 mg/L 35 mg/L 34 mg/L Total Suspended Solids Total Suspended Solids - - 8.5 mg/L 18 mg/L 13.5 mg/L Total Metals Aluminum 2,000 pg/L 503 pg/L 493 pg/L 718 pg/L Antimony 5.6 pg/L 5U pg/L 5U pg/L 5U pg/L Arsenic 10 pg/L 4.5U pg/L 4.5U pg/L 4.5U pg/L Barium 220 pg/L 24.4 pg/L 25.5 pg/L 26.8 pg/L Beryllium 0.66 pg/L 0.65U pg/L 0.65U pg/L 0.65U pg/L Boron 0.36 mg/L 0.138U mg/L 0.16U mg/L 0.206U mg/L Cadmium 2 pg/L 0.1U pg/L 0.1U pg/L 0.1U pg/L Calcium - - 6,630 pg/L 6,790 pg/L 6,710 pg/L Chromium 29 pg/L 1.11J pg/L 1.11J pg/L 1.57J pg/L Cobalt 24 pg/L 0.421J pg/L 0.378J pg/L 0.489J pg/L Copper 3 pg/L 1.58J pg/L 1.48J pg/L 1.62J pg/L Iron 2,300 pg/L 1,240 pg/L 1,390 pg/L 1,580 pg/L Lead 0.6 pg/L 0.499J pg/L 0.621 pg/L 0.643 pg/L Magnesium - - 2,740J pg/L 2,720J pg/L 2,740J pg/L Manganese 200 pg/L 29.9J- pg/L 24.7 J- pg/L 29.1J- pg/L Mercury 0.000012 mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L Molybdenum - - 5U pg/L 5U pg/L 5U pg/L Nickel 17 pg/L 0.658J pg/L 0.673J pg/L 0.84J pg/L Potassium 53,000 pg/L 1,550J pg/L 1,590J pg/L 1,620J pg/L Selenium 5 pg/L 4.5U pg/L 4.5U pg/L 4.5U pg/L Silver 0.06 pg/L 0.05U pg/L 0.05U pg/L 0.05U pg/L Sodium 680,000 pg/L 4,530J pg/L 4,480J pg/L 4,390J pg/L Thallium 0.24 pg/L 0.2U pg/L 0.2U pg/L 0.2U pg/L Vanadium 27 pg/L 2.27J pg/L 2.3J pg/L 3.06J pg/L Zinc 39 pg/L 4.2J pg/L 7.06J pg/L 8J pg/L Anions Bromide - - 1U mg/L 1U mg/L 1U mg/L Chloride 230 mg/L 8.25 mg/L 9.43 mg/L 8.63 mg/L Sulfate - - 5.09 mg/L 5.06 mg/L 4.92 mg/L United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 2 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 DRSS Boat Ramp Hwy 700 Hwy 880 Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-DUKE-L-SW- 20140312 EDEN-HW700-C-SW- 20140312 EDEN-BHB-C-SW- 20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1312 1208 1143 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Surface Water Wet Chemistry Alkalinity, Total (As CaC03) - - 19.6 mg/L 16.9 mg/L 17.3 mg/L Hardness, Calcium/Magnesium (As CaC03) - - 27.8 mg/L 28.2 mg/L 28 mg/L Organic Carbon, Dissolved - - 2.4 mg/L 2.2 mg/L 1.8 mg/L pH 6.5-9.0 std 6.94J std 6.92J std 6.91J std Notes Value obtained from the GL Tier 2 Values; National Recommended Water Quality Criteria; Suter and Tsao (1996); Reference condition for EcoRegion XI (25 percentile); NCDENR State Standards for surface water °C degrees Celsius EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency J Value is estimated J+ Value is estimated with a possible high bias J- Value is estimated with a possible low bias (ig/L micrograms per liter mg/L milligrams per liter mS/cm milliSiemens per centimeter NTU Nephelometric turbidity units std standard U Analyte was not detected at the listed reporting limit. United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 3 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 Abreu-Grogan Park Boat Dock Hwy 58 Bridge S Boston WTP Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-DANIN-R-SW- EDEN-HW58-C-SW- EDEN-SBWTP- . 20140312 20140312 RAW-3-20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1109 0928 0755 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Surface Water Water Quality Monitoring Temperature - - - - - 8.61 °C Dissolved Oxygen <6 mg/L - - - - 9 mg/L Specific Conductance - - - - - 0.091 mS/cm pH 6.5-9.0 std - - - - 7.55 std Turbidity 50 NTU - - - - 70 NTU Dissolved metals Aluminum 87 Hg/L 29.4U \igfL 45.2 \igfL 67.6 \igfL Antimony 5.6 Hg/L 5U \igfL 5U \igfL 5U \igfL Arsenic 10 Hg/L 0.176J \igfL 0.135J \igfL 0.179J \igfL Barium 220 f-ig/L 20 f-ig/L 20.5 f-ig/L 19.4 f-ig/L Beryllium 0.66 Hg/L 0.65U \igfL 0.65U \igfL 0.65U \igfL Boron 0.36 mg/L 0.113U mg/L 0.0699U mg/L 0.0562U mg/L Cadmium 0.1 Hg/L 0.1U \igfL 0.1U \igfL 0.1U \igfL Calcium - - 6,010 \igfL 5,390 \igfL 5,300 \igfL Chromium 25 Hg/L 0.19J \igfL 0.298J \igfL 0.275J \igfL Cobalt 3 Hg/L 0.154J \igfL 0.212J \igfL 5U \igfL Copper 3 Hg/L 2U \igfL 2U \igfL 2U \igfL Iron 1,000 Hg/L 316 \igfL 381 \igfL 839 \igfL Lead 0.59 Hg/L 0.137J \igfL 0.215J \igfL 0.261J \igfL Magnesium - - 2,480J \igfL 2,310J \igfL 2,200J \igfL Manganese 200 Hg/L 9.53 \igfL 10.1 \igfL 6 \igfL Mercury 0.000012 mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L Molybdenum 800 Hg/L 5U \igfL 5U \igfL 5U \igfL Nickel 17 Hg/L 0.271J \igfL 0.504J \igfL 0.318J \igfL Potassium 53,000 Hg/L 1,710J \igfL 1,800J \igfL 1,790J \igfL Selenium 5 Hg/L 4.5U \igfL 4.5U \igfL 4.5U \igfL Silver 0.06 Hg/L 0.05U \igfL 0.05U \igfL 0.05U \igfL Sodium 680,000 Hg/L 4,450J \igfL 5,210 \igfL 5,090 \igfL Thallium 0.24 Hg/L 0.2U \igfL 0.2U \igfL 0.2U \igfL Vanadium 27 Hg/L 0.48J \igfL 0.628J \igfL 0.891J \igfL Zinc 39 Hg/L 2.49J \igfL 2.58J \igfL 10U \igfL United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 4 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 Abreu-Grogan Park Boat Dock Hwy 58 Bridge S Boston WTP Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-DANIN-R-SW- EDEN-HW58-C-SW- EDEN-SBWTP- . 20140312 20140312 RAW-3-20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1109 0928 0755 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Surface Water Total Dissolved Solids Total Dissolved Solids - - 56 mg/L 33 mg/L 29 mg/L Total Suspended Solids Total Suspended Solids - - 13.5 mg/L 27.5 mg/L 45.5 mg/L Total Metals Aluminum 2,000 pg/L 756 pg/L 1,740 pg/L 1,090 pg/L Antimony 5.6 pg/L 5U pg/L 5U pg/L 5U pg/L Arsenic 10 pg/L 4.5U pg/L 4.5U pg/L 0.407J pg/L Barium 220 pg/L 25.2 pg/L 34.5 pg/L 30.6 pg/L Beryllium 0.66 pg/L 0.65U pg/L 0.164J pg/L 0.194J pg/L Boron 0.36 mg/L 0.122U mg/L 0.0721U mg/L 0.0924U mg/L Cadmium 2 pg/L 0.1U pg/L 0.1U pg/L 0.1U pg/L Calcium - - 6,400 pg/L 5,700 pg/L 5,790 pg/L Chromium 29 pg/L 1.51J pg/L 3.52 pg/L 2.65U pg/L Cobalt 24 pg/L 0.453J pg/L 1.04J pg/L 0.997J pg/L Copper 3 pg/L 1.94J pg/L 3.04 pg/L 1.83J pg/L Iron 2,300 pg/L 1,880 pg/L 3,530 pg/L 3,990 pg/L Lead 0.6 pg/L 0.744 pg/L 1.61 pg/L 1.67 pg/L Magnesium - - 2,650J pg/L 2,540J pg/L 2,480J pg/L Manganese 200 pg/L 26.1J- pg/L 71.5J- pg/L 67.5 pg/L Mercury 0.000012 mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L Molybdenum - - 5U pg/L 5U pg/L 5U pg/L Nickel 17 pg/L 0.82J pg/L 1.83J pg/L 5U pg/L Potassium 53,000 pg/L 1,700J pg/L 1,820J pg/L 1,870J pg/L Selenium 5 pg/L 4.5U pg/L 4.5U pg/L 4.5U pg/L Silver 0.06 pg/L 0.05U pg/L 0.05U pg/L 0.0202J pg/L Sodium 680,000 pg/L 4,660J pg/L 5,380 pg/L 5,280 pg/L Thallium 0.24 pg/L 0.2U pg/L 0.2U pg/L 0.2U pg/L Vanadium 27 pg/L 3.08J pg/L 6.85 pg/L 5.69 pg/L Zinc 39 pg/L 4.99J pg/L 7.55J pg/L 10.8U pg/L Anions Bromide - - 1U mg/L 1U mg/L 1U mg/L Chloride 230 mg/L 8.37 mg/L 7.95 mg/L 7.9 mg/L Sulfate - - 4.85 mg/L 5.29 mg/L 5.26 mg/L United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 5 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 Abreu-Grogan Park Boat Dock Hwy 58 Bridge S Boston WTP Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-DANIN-R-SW- 20140312 EDEN-HW58-C-SW- 20140312 EDEN-SBWTP- RAW-3-20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1109 0928 0755 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Surface Water Wet Chemistry Alkalinity, Total (As CaC03) - - 16.5 mg/L 14 mg/L 8.6J mg/L Hardness, Calcium/Magnesium (As CaC03) - - 26.9 mg/L 24.7 mg/L 24.7 mg/L Organic Carbon, Dissolved - - 2.7 mg/L 3.4 mg/L 3.40 mg/L pH 6.5-9.0 std 7.02J std 6.91J std 7.33J std Notes Value obtained from the GL Tier 2 Values; National Recommended Water Quality Criteria; Suter and Tsao (1996); Reference condition for EcoRegion XI (25 percentile); NCDENR State Standards for surface water °C degrees Celsius EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency J Value is estimated J+ Value is estimated with a possible high bias J- Value is estimated with a possible low bias (ig/L micrograms per liter mg/L milligrams per liter mS/cm milliSiemens per centimeter NTU Nephelometric turbidity units std standard U Analyte was not detected at the listed reporting limit. United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 6 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 Hwy 360 Bridge Clarksville WTP Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-HW360-C-SW- 20140312 EDEN-CWTP- RAW-1-20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1007 1800 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Water Quality Monitoring Temperature - - - - - Dissolved Oxygen <6 mg/L - - - - Specific Conductance - - - - - pH 6.5-9.0 std - - - - Turbidity 50 NTU - - - - Dissolved metals Aluminum 87 Hg/L 46.3 \igfL - - Antimony 5.6 Hg/L 5U \igfL - - Arsenic 10 Hg/L 0.146J \igfL - - Barium 220 f-ig/L 20.2 f-ig/L - - Beryllium 0.66 Hg/L 0.65U \igfL - - Boron 0.36 mg/L 0.064U mg/L - - Cadmium 0.1 Hg/L 0.1U \igfL - - Calcium - - 5,320 \igfL - - Chromium 25 Hg/L 0.208J \igfL - - Cobalt 3 Hg/L 0.174J \igfL - - Copper 3 Hg/L 2U \igfL - - Iron 1,000 Hg/L 482 \igfL - - Lead 0.59 Hg/L 0.228J \igfL - - Magnesium - - 2,230J \igfL - - Manganese 200 Hg/L 6.4 \igfL - - Mercury 0.000012 mg/L 0.0002U mg/L - - Molybdenum 800 Hg/L 5U \igfL - - Nickel 17 Hg/L 0.291J \igfL - - Potassium 53,000 Hg/L 1,800J \igfL - - Selenium 5 Hg/L 4.5U \igfL - - Silver 0.06 Hg/L 0.05U \igfL - - Sodium 680,000 Hg/L 5,220 \igfL - - Thallium 0.24 Hg/L 0.2U \igfL - - Vanadium 27 Hg/L 0.73J \igfL - - Zinc 39 Hg/L 10U \igfL - - United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 7 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 Hwy 360 Bridge Clarksville WTP Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-HW360-C-SW- 20140312 EDEN-CWTP- RAW-1-20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1007 1800 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Total Dissolved Solids Total Dissolved Solids - - 51 mg/L - - Total Suspended Solids Total Suspended Solids - - 54 mg/L - - Total Metals Aluminum 2,000 pg/L 4,180 pg/L 998 pg/L Antimony 5.6 pg/L 5U pg/L 5U pg/L Arsenic 10 pg/L 4.5U pg/L 0.459J pg/L Barium 220 pg/L 36.7 pg/L 30.1 pg/L Beryllium 0.66 pg/L 0.237J pg/L 0.65U pg/L Boron 0.36 mg/L 0.0623U mg/L 0.125U mg/L Cadmium 2 pg/L 0.1U pg/L 0.1U pg/L Calcium - - 5,370 pg/L 8,810 pg/L Chromium 29 pg/L 4.54 pg/L 2.5U pg/L Cobalt 24 pg/L 1.42J pg/L 0.627J pg/L Copper 3 pg/L 3.82 pg/L 2.79 pg/L Iron 2,300 pg/L 1,230 pg/L 2,560 pg/L Lead 0.6 pg/L 2.11 pg/L 1.05 pg/L Magnesium - - 2,280J pg/L 3,600J pg/L Manganese 200 pg/L 80.3J- pg/L 50.9 pg/L Mercury 0.000012 mg/L 0.0002U mg/L 0.0002U mg/L Molybdenum - - 5U pg/L 5U pg/L Nickel 17 pg/L 2.56J pg/L 0.997J pg/L Potassium 53,000 pg/L 1,780J pg/L 1,870J pg/L Selenium 5 pg/L 4.5U pg/L 4.5U pg/L Silver 0.06 pg/L 0.05U pg/L 0.05U pg/L Sodium 680,000 pg/L 5,440 pg/L 6,240 pg/L Thallium 0.24 pg/L 0.2U pg/L 0.2U pg/L Vanadium 27 pg/L 9.46 pg/L 4.01J pg/L Zinc 39 pg/L 25.4 pg/L 10U pg/L Anions Bromide - - 1U mg/L - - Chloride 230 mg/L 7.97 mg/L - - Sulfate - - 5.24 mg/L - - United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 8 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- EDEN NORTH CAROLINA COAL ASH SPILL SURFACE WATER RESULTS Analyte Ecological Screening Standard for Surface Water Samples1 Hwy 360 Bridge Clarksville WTP Sample Information Sample ID EDEN-HW360-C-SW- 20140312 EDEN-CWTP- RAW-1-20140312 Date - 03/12/2014 03/12/2014 Time - 1007 1800 Status - Validation Complete Validation Complete Type Surface Water Surface Water Wet Chemistry Alkalinity, Total (As CaC03) - - 12.8 mg/L - - Hardness, Calcium/Magnesium (As CaC03) - - 22.8 mg/L - - Organic Carbon, Dissolved - - 3.8 mg/L - - pH 6.5-9.0 std 6.86J std - - Notes Value obtained from the GL Tier 2 Values; National Recommended Water Quality Criteria; Suter and Tsao (1996); Reference condition for EcoRegion XI (25 percentile); NCDENR State Standards for surface water °C degrees Celsius EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency J Value is estimated J+ Value is estimated with a possible high bias J- Value is estimated with a possible low bias (.ig/L micrograms per liter mg/L milligrams per liter mS/cm milliSiemens per centimeter NTU Nephelometric turbidity units std standard U Analyte was not detected at the listed reporting limit. United States Environmental Protection ^1 # m Agency 9 of 9 Eden North Carolina Coal Ash Spill ------- South Boston WTP Clarksville WTP Abreu-Grogan Park Boat Dock j or lie i Phenh es t Vi rgi n ia/ North Shore Or - - kr>:-al Kentucky Virginia Rockingham Countyi f' I tr •••: 01.inch North Carolina Fenhook 'LifQln-3 South Ca Georgi • Jl-.ll11 «n Scolbtuirg stjuiiwi , Rwcr .• i - '•> • I •• i i VIRGINIA. .!!• Mill.1 (•r.invil Surface Water Sample Locations March 12, 2014 A |—United States Environmental Protection M \ Agency Miles Map Source: ArcGIS Online World Map Topo, 2014 Legend a Approximate W Spill Location Surface Water Sample Location ¦ Dan River Fi le: C AG I S_Worksp ac e\E de n_C o al_As h\P roj e cts\mx d\R e po rti n g\E PA_START\0 31214\S u rfac eWaterS ampleLocations_031214.mxd ------- |