Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in Tracking] Hazardous Waste
Acmt Domestic and International Borders

Supporting	GPRA Goal #5:

Deborah Kopsick1, Janet Bearden2, Katrina Varner3, and John Lyon3

1U.S. EPA, Office of Air arid Radiation (OAR), Office of Radiation and indoor Air (ORIA), Radiation Protection Division (RPD)

2U.S. EPA, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA), Office of Federal Activities (OFA), International Compliance Assurance Division (ICAD)
3U..S. EPA, Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL)-Las Vegas, Environmental Sciences Division (ESD),

Office of the Director in Charge (ODC)

Problem

Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act requires cradle-to-grave tracking of
al! hazardous waste.

This is difficult when the cradle (gen-
erator) is in one country and the grave
(receiving facility) is in another.

Mexican law requires that waste from
the maquiladoras (foreign-owned man-
ufacturing facilities) be returned to the
country of origin.

Current paper-based system does not
allow for timely confirmation of
disposition.

There is a need to provide more effec-
tive compliance monitoring.

This project supports Goal 3 of Border 2012:
Reduce Land Contamination.

Solution

RFID is a commercially ready tracking technology.

Using RFID to physically track shipments of hazardous waste across the
U.S.-Mexican border strengthens environmental compliance.

Increase coordination between U.S. and Mexican environmental authori-
ties will facilitate increased security of these shipments.

Drums can be effectively tracked from the Mexican generator to the U.S.
receiving facility.

Accurate, timely notification can be sent to EPA when waste enters the
U.S. and when it reaches the designated treatment storage or disposal
(TSD) facility.

RFID is the solution! Improving how hazardous
materials are shipped, tracked, and monitored
and supports EPA's goal of risk reduction, waste
recycling, and regulation enforcement. Provid-
ing sustainable control of these materials while
in transport.

EPC tag

Components of an RFID System

Acknowledgments:

We would like to thank Teresa Hart en and ETV/ESTE for realizing the value of this project. Special appreciation and thanks to George Brilis for
his guidance and expertise on quality assurance.

The Verification Program

Verification study is being conducted under the Environmental
Technology Verification/Environmental and Sustainable
Technology Evaluation (ETV/ESTE) Program.

Various transportation scenarios will be performed to demonstrate
the performance of the RFID tracking technology.

Scenarios will be conducted by NASA-Dryden Flight Research
Center. Once the feasibility of the RFID technology is confirmed,
a field test will be conducted at U.S.-Mexico border crossings.

Performance measures will include:

-	tag read rate

-	tag read distance

-	frequency

-	interferences (metal, liquids)

-	security

-	ability to produce actionable data to EPA

-	ease of use

Benefits of RFID

Physical tracking with RFID will
augment paper-based manifest
system and provide sustainable
documentation for compliance.

RFID will provide near-real-time
notification to EPA officials when
maquiladoras waste enters the
U.S. and when it reaches the
TSD facility.

Source: EPA Border Compliance Assistance Center

RFID-tagged material can streamline border crossings by provid-
ing additional information to Customs.

RFID will increase environmental protection along the border
zone, reducing illegal dumping of hazardous waste.

Future Uses of RFID
Technology

Provide end-to-end visibil-
ity of hazardous materials
transportation and storage
life cycle.

Supply critical data to
emergency responders.

Confirm hazardous waste
reaches the proper TSD facility.

Increase security of hazardous waste shipments.

Source: EPA Border Compliance Assistance Center

Contributors

U.S:EPA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Potential Vendors:

AVANTE International Technology, Inc.; Omicron Technologies, Inc;

Savi Technology, Inc.; SeekerNet, Inc.; Williams-Russell and Johnson, Inc.
Foreign Border Coordination

Mexican Officials:

Aduana Mexico (Customs); PROFEPA (Federal Ministry for Environmental
Protection); SEMARNAT (Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resourc-
es); Director General, Secretaria de Economia (Secretary of the Economy);
Border 2012 Waste Policy Forum, Staff del Foro de Politica de Residuos Soli-
dos y Peligrosos (Staff to the Hazardous and Solid Waste Policy Forum);
Maquiladora Association (Generators of hazardous waste)

Foreign Border Coordination (continued)

Canadian Officials

Environment Canada; Enforcement Program; Canadian Customs
U.S. Border Coordination

EPA: Office of Solid Waste; Region VI, Regional Compliance Assistance
Center; Region IX
Federal Agencies:

U.S. Customs and Border Protection; U.S. Department of Homeland Security;

U.S. Department of Transportation

States:

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
California Department of Environmental Protection

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Notice: Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by EPA for use.

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