United States Environmental Protection Agency	Office of Research and Development

National Exposure Research Laboratory
Research Abstract

Government Performance Results Act (GPRA) Goal 4
Annual Performance Measure #273

Significant Research Findings:

Report on vitellogenin gene expression in minnows and pearl dace
from control (non-dosed) and lakes dosed with EDCs in the
Canadian Experimental Lake Area

Scientific	There is increasing concern about the potential impact of endocrine disrupting

Problem and	compounds (EDCs) on aquatic organisms. EDCs are compounds that interfere

Policy Issues	with the normal functioning of hormones in the body. Among the EDCs that are

found in aquatic habitats are synthetic estrogens, which are used in contraceptives
and other pharmaceuticals. The purpose of the study was to further develop a
vitellogenin gene expression assay as an indicator of estrogen exposure.

In order to investigate the effects of long term exposure to an endocrine disrupting
compound on a whole lake ecosystem, Canadian Division of Fisheries and Oceans
dosed a lake in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) of northwestern Ontario with
17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2) for three years beginning in 2001. EE2 was added to
the lake at environmentally relevant levels with a target concentration of -4-6
ng/L. The U.S. EPA collaborated in this study by evaluating vitellogenin gene
expression in indigenous fathead minnows (Pimephale promelcts) and pearl dace
(Mctrgctriscus margctrita) collected from a reference lake and a continuously dosed
lake and in laboratory cultured fathead minnows exposed to water and sediments
from the dosed lake and reference lakes.

Gene expression in indigenous male fathead minnows and pearl dace collected at
all time intervals from the dosed lake showed a constant level of elevation. Gene
expression in the 2001 fathead minnow deployment study was detected within 24-
hrs after deployment of control fish into the treated lake and stayed elevated for
the entire 13-day study. Highly variable gene expression was found in fathead
minnow fry exposed to dosed lake sediments but no significant gene expression
was found in fry exposed to reference lake sediments. Male adult fathead
minnows exposed to sediment elutriates from sediments collected in 2004 in the
previously dosed lake showed significant vitellogenin gene expression. Results
indicate that RT-PCR analyses of total RNA can be used to provide a rapid and
timely estimate of exposure to estrogenic substances.

This study was done in collaboration with Drs Karen Kidd, Vince Palace, Bob
Evans and Paul Blanchfield of the Canadian Division of Fisheries and Oceans at
the Experimental Lake Area in Ontario, Canada. One presentation will be made at
the November 14-18, 2004 Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental
Toxicology and a Manuscript is expected

Research
Approach

Results and
Impact

Research
Collaboration
and Research
Products


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Future Research NERL will continue research on EDCs in Wastewater treatment Plant effluents
and in Receiving streams and lakes in the U.S. using the Vitellogenin Gene
expression assay.

Contacts for

Additional

Information

Questions and inquiries can be directed to:
James M. Lazorchak

U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development

National Exposure Research Laboratory

Ecological Exposure Division

26 West Martin Luther King Dr

Cincinnati, Ohio

Phone: 513 569 7076

E-mail: lazorchak,jim@epa,gov

Funding for this project was through the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and
Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, and the work was
conducted by the Ecological Exposure Research Division.


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