San Antonio/Bexar County, Texas
Urban Waters Project
2017 Work Plan

Date: September 2016

Project Location: San Antonio/Bexar County, Texas

Point of Contact(s): Alberto Solorzano, US HUD; Adele Cardenas Malott, P.E.,
US EPA Region 6

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background	3

Federal Agency Partnership	3

State Agency Partnership	4

Local Government Agency Partnership	4

Non-Governmental Organization Participants	5

Overall Goals/Objectives	5

Identified Focus Areas	6

Project 1: Brackish Water Desalination	6

Project 2: Olmos Basin/San Antonio Zoo Water Quality and Ecosystem Restoration	7

Project 3: Eastside Promise Neighborhood/Wheatley Choice/Promise Zone & Salado

Creek Greenway	8

Project 4: San Pedro Creek Restoration	10

Project 5: Westside Creeks Ecosystem Restoration	11

Project 6: San Antonio Missions - World Heritage and Cultural Connections	12

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Background

The Urban Waters program strives to support project locations that shift local and national
attention towards urban water issues. As outlined in the Urban Waters Strategic Framework,
restoring America's urban waters and reconnecting communities to their urban water
environments will require cooperation between all Urban Waters partners to help communities
grow in ways that protect public health and the environment, expand economic opportunity, and
create and enhance the places where people live. Through the selected projects of the San
Antonio/Bexar County location the area hopes to achieve numerous goals of the Urban Waters
Federal Partnership, including the goal to seek to help communities - especially underserved
communities - as they work to access and improve the benefits of their urban waters and the
surrounding land.

A fundamental piece of the 14 signatory federal partnership is leveraging existing federal
programs to support projects and build partnerships with a variety of federal, state, local, and
private partners that foster their increased connection, understanding, and stewardship of local
waterways. The Environmental Protection Agencies' Urban Waters vision states that the
combined efforts of numerous partners and stakeholders will "restore urban water quality,
revitalize our communities and reconnect communities to their urban waterways." The
collaboration will provide the following:

•	Align federal government programs and investments in these communities;

•	Expand partnerships;

•	Build local capacity; and

•	Find innovative ways to communicate the environmental and economic potential of safe
and clean waters

The federal partnership's approach in achieving these goals is outlined in the Urban Waters
Strategic Framework. For more information on the Urban Waters movement, please visit
www.epa.gov/urbanwaters. For more information on the federal partnership, please visit
www.urbanwaters. gov.

The Urban Waters effort is anchored in a simple theory: if we better engage communities in
efforts to improve and protect water quality, those efforts will be more powerful^

Federal Agency Partnerships

•	Department of Agriculture

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o U.S. Forest Services
o Natural Resource Conservation Service

•	Department of Commerce

o Economic Development Administration
o National Weather Service

•	Department of Defense

o U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
o Joint Base San Antonio

•	Department of Health and Human Services

•	Department of Housing and Urban Development

•	Department of the Interior

o Fish and Wildlife Service
o National Park Service
o Bureau of Reel amati on
o U.S. Geological Survey

•	Department of Transportation

•	Environmental Protection Agency

State Agency Partnerships

•	Texas Commission of Environmental Quality

•	Texas Health and Human Services

•	Texas Department of Transportation

•	Texas General Land Office

•	Texas Historical Commission

•	Texas Parks and Wildlife

•	Texas State Forestry Division

•	Texas Water Development Board

Local Government Agency Partnerships

•	Alamo Area Council of Governments

•	Alamo Area Metropolitan Planning Organization

•	Bexar County

•	City of Alamo Heights

•	City of San Antonio

•	Edwards Aquifer Authority

•	San Antonio Housing Authority

•	San Antonio Independent School District

•	San Antonio River Authority

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•	San Antonio Water System

•	VIA Metropolitan Transit

Non-Governmental Organization Partnerships

•	Audubon Society/Jack Kudson Nature Trail

•	Brackenridge Park Conservancy

•	CI: Now

•	Edwards Aquifer Alliance

•	Family Service Association

•	Friends of Hondondo Creek

•	Green Spaces Alliance

•	Neighborhood Associations (specify) - Olmos Park Terrace, Northmoor, Shearer
Hills/Ridgeview, Westside Hope in Action, Five Points Neighborhood Association

•	Municipal Golf Association - San Antonio

•	NOWCastSA

•	Olmos Basin Alliance

•	Our Lady of the Lake University

•	San Antonio Chamber of Commerce

•	San Antonio for Growth on the Eastside

•	San Antonio Hispanic Chamber of Commerce

•	San Antonio Zoo

•	St. Luke's Episcopal Church

•	St. Philip's College

•	Texas A&M - San Antonio

•	Trust for Public Lands

•	United Way of San Antonio and Bexar County

•	Vecinos de Mission Trails

Overall Goals/Objectives

The San Antonio/Bexar County Urban Waters project location will work to protect, restore, and
revitalize urban water resources in the San Antonio/Bexar County area and the watershed
associated with the focus areas identified by the partnership. The partnership will use the
mission, vision, and principles of the National Urban Waters Federal Partnership to guide the
work:

•	Promote clean urban waters

•	Reconnect the citizens to their waterways

•	Promote water conservation

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•	Promote economic revitalization and prosperity through existing networks of urban water
resources

•	Encourage community involvement through partnership

•	Engage and hear the needs of the community involved

•	Focus on measurement and evaluation to fuel future successes

Identified Focus Areas

Project 1: Brackish Groundwater Desalination

Overview: The San Antonio Water System (SAWS) has developed a brackish groundwater
desalination program that will provide a plentiful, previously untapped local source of water to
help diversity the regions' water supplies. Currently, Bexar County receives it's drinking water
from the Edwards, Carrizo and Trinity Aquifers. This project will generate approximately 12
million gallons of water per day upon completion of Phase I by treating brackish water from the
Wilcox Aquifer through the reverse osmosis process and bringing it to potable (drinking)
standards. Two additional phases will deliver a total of more than 27 million gallons per day.

In addition to providing a new source of water, the Brackish Groundwater Desalination Program
will also help preserve endangered species within the Edwards Aquifer and its natural springs.
The Edwards Aquifer is the source of the only two major springs remaining in Texas - the San
Marcos and the Comal - which are home to several endangered species and feed the Guadalupe
River Basin. The development of unused brackish water in the Wilcox Aquifer will decrease
reliance on the Edwards Aquifer during drought periods, thus promoting the viability and
sustainability of environmentally sensitive ecosystems. The Edwards Aquifer is a unique
groundwater resource, extending 180 miles through south-central Texas, including San Antonio.
It is the primary source of drinking water for over 2 million people and serves the domestic,
agricultural, industrial, and recreational needs of the area.

On July 2, 2014, SAWS broke ground on the brackish water desalination plant. The plant is
slated to begin providing the initial 12 million gallons of drinkable water by October 2016,
creating water for an additional 40,000families.

The plant will remove 97 percent of salt and minerals.

All three phases of the desalination plant will cost a combined $411 million. Cost for the first
phase will be $192.7 million.

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Desalinating the water alone will cost $1,177 per acre-foot for the first phase. In contrast, water
from the Edwards Aquifer costs between $331 and $541 per acre-foot.

Federal Partner Leads: Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Partners/Stakeholders: City of San Antonio

Year 1 Activities: Begin construction

Year 2 Activities: Begin generation and delivery of approximately 12 million gallons of potable
water per day by October 2016

Project 2: Olmos Basin/San Antonio Zoo Water Quality and Ecosystem
Restoration

Overview: Olmos Creek flows through Olmos Basin Park, a 1000 acre regional park located in
north central San Antonio, and terminates at Olmos Dam, where it feeds into the source of the
San Antonio River. The San Antonio Zoo is located near these headwaters below Olmos Dam in
Brackenridge Park. This project intends to restore a 3 mile segment of Olmos Creek, create a
pilot project to prevent floatable plastics and debris from entering the creek, engage the Texas
Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to address the continual flooding of the section of U.S.
Highway 281 that crosses Olmos Creek, and expand the filtration and recycling of water runoff
from the San Antonio Zoo into the San Antonio River.

The Olmos Creek restoration project responds to the San Antonio North Central Community
Plan goal for restoring the natural beauty and habitat to the Olmos Basin Park and would
complement community investments in park rehabilitation. Concept designs for the restoration
project combines water quality improvements such as improving flow and temperature by
removing non-native invasive plant and tree species and restoring the ecosystem to create a more
natural habitat and creek way by planting native species.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) completed a restoration plan for Olmos Creek that
identified the environmental degradation, evaluated alternatives, and provided creek restoration
design recommendations. In 2002, the City of San Antonio began planning this project with the
Corps; however, federal funding was not authorized until 2009 at which point the City was
unable to secure required match funds and program sponsorship. In March, 2014, the Corps
notified the City of San Antonio that the project had been funded. The partnership will engage
TxDOT to assess potential steps to address the flooding of U.S. Highway 281 which represents a
serious threat to public health and safety as well as economic losses.

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The San Antonio Zoo currently pumps water from the Edwards Aquifer for animal displays and
discharges directly into the San Antonio River. Bacteriological readings near the Zoo's discharge
have measure level of bacteria many times greater than what the EPA considers sage for
swimming. To address this issue and improve water quality, an ultraviolent treatment facility has
been constructed to disinfect water before it is released into the river. This new filtration project
merits expansion to eliminate point source pollution by ensuring water is filtered before entering
the San Antonio River.

Federal Partner Leads: Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Partners/Stakeholders: Audubon Society/Jack Judson Nature Trail, Brackenridge Park
Conservancy, City of Alamo Heights, City of San Antonio, Municipal Golf Association - San
Antonio, Northmoor Neighborhood Association, Olmos Basin Alliance, Friends of Hondondo
Creek, Olmos Park Terrace Neighborhood Association, San Antonio Golf Association, San
Antonio River Authority, San Antonio Water System, San Antonio Zoo, Shearer
Hills/RidgeviewNeighborhood Association, St. Luke's Episcopal Church.

Year 1 Activities: Olmos Creek Ecosystem Restoration - Initiate Design Phase.

San Antonio Zoo Water Quality - Monitor bacteria levels from zoo and when bacteria reductions
calculated determine when and whether segment can be removed from the 303(d) list. Ultimate
goal is to make segment meet primary contact recreation standards.

Year 2 Activities: Olmos Creek Ecosystem Restoration - Design Phase Completed;
Construction/Restoration begins.

Project 3: (A) Eastside Promise Neighborhood/Choice/Promise Zone &
(B) Salado Creek Greenwav

Overview:

(A) San Antonio's near east side, historically the heart of the African-American community, is
still home to a large concentration of the city's African-American population and a growing
number of Hispanic residents. Starting in 2011, this area has received several federal grants and
designations: Promise Neighborhood, Choice Neighborhood, Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation
Grant, and most recently the Promise Zone designation. The convergence of these designations
demonstrates the continued potential for overlapping federal grants to promote comprehensive
and holistic community development in this high need area.

In 2011, the area was chosen as one of five Department of Education implementation sites for
the Promise Neighborhoods initiative. The program strives to provide access to great schools and
strong systems of family and community support to prepare children to attain an excellent

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education and a successful transition from cradle to career. Through these efforts, the program
significantly improves educational and developmental outcomes in distressed communities. The
Promise Neighborhood is also focused on improving community support networks for students,
decreasing crime rates, and improving perceptions of community safety.

The San Antonio Housing Authority secured funding from the Department of Housing and
Urban Development's (HUD) Choice Neighborhoods program to invest in a neighborhood that
overlaps with the Eastside Promise Neighborhood. The Choice Neighborhoods initiative has
developed a neighborhood transformation plan to develop a revitalized, mixed-income, low-
impact, safe, and walkable community where residents have access to new parks and recreational
opportunities along Menger Creek. The implementation plan is divided into three core elements:
Housing, People, and Neighborhoods. The Housing element includes transforming distressed
housing into energy-efficient, mixed-income housing. New housing options will be built to
achieve Build San Antonio Green Level II, Enterprise Green Communities criteria or both.
Additionally, all new developments and infill housing will have to be able to meet and obtain the
ENERGY STAR seal of approval. The transformation plan is also pursuing USGBC LEED
certification for Neighborhood Design (LEED-ND). In pursuing the LEED-ND certification, the
Wheatley Choice Neighborhood will pursue low impact development (LID) strategies to
effectively manage storm water in a way that reduces the impact of built areas on water quality
and promotes the natural movement of water within an ecosystem. These certifications will
demonstrate work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimize construction wastes, and
promote healthy living environments for neighborhood residents. The Neighborhood element
addresses vacant lots and houses, seeks to revitalize public spaces, strengthen safety and security,
and expand and diversify economic activities. One of the Neighborhood goals is to improve
access and connectivity while prioritizing pedestrian and bicycle transportation. Green spaces in
the Wheatley Choice Neighborhood will be developed to include the recommendation of
microclimate-appropriate landscaping.

In 2012, the San Antonio Housing Authority also secured funding through the Byrne Criminal
Justice Innovation grant for safety improvements in the Choice/Promise Neighborhood. The goal
is to significantly reduce criminal activity in San Antonio's eastside through a data-driven
approach that uses both research and innovation to address crime.

Most recently, the area received a Promise Zone designation from HUD. This designation and
subsequent federal support and funding will contribute to community investment by promoting
economic development through increased economic activity and job creation, supporting and
expanding educational opportunities, and improving public safety. This Promise Zone
designation will last for 10 years and will promote further collaborative efforts within the
neighborhood to continue to serve the residents.

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(B) The Salado Creek Greenway trail system lies just to the east of the Eastside Promise/Choice
Neighborhood. Menger Creek, a tributary of Salado Creek, is located within the area and is
directly accessible to its residents. One of the goals of the Choice Transformation Plan is to
connect to surrounding green space networks. Therefore focused investment at Menger Creek
and Salado Creek could greatly expand the outdoor recreational options available to residents of
the Promise/Choice Neighborhood. The City of San Antonio, working in conjunction with the
US Army Corps of Engineers, private landowners, and local partners has developed a greenway
hike and bike trail system along Salado Creek and is set to begin construction Summer 2017. The
Greenway Trail System links communities across Bexar County to creeks and rivers providing
recreational, health, educational, and engagement opportunities. A planned section of the Salado
Creek trail will be adjacent, and will pass through, Fort Sam Houston, allowing military
personnel to benefit from the Greenways. A unique trail and park development opportunity also
exists at Menger Creek, where a drainage and flood control improvement city bond project is
planned to reduce the 100-year flood zone. In early February 2014, Bexar County committed $4
million to the Menger Creek project, allowing for an expanded scope that will include trail
construction and park improvements along the Creek. Additionally, the City of San Antonio
dedicated $6.5 million to this project. Stakeholders are also reaching out to the San Antonio
Spurs, an NBA team, and other business partners to garner their support of these developments
and increase community access to the creek to include trails, recreational activities, and
programming.

Federal Partner Leads:(A) Housing and Urban Development, Economic Development
Administration, Health and Human Services, Small Business Administration. (B) Centers for
Disease Control, Environmental Protection Agency, Housing and Urban Development, U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense.

Partners/Stakeholders: Bexar County, City of San Antonio, San Antonio Housing Authority,
San Antonio Independent School District, United Way of San Antonio and Bexar County.

Year 1 activities:

Wheatley Choice Neighborhood: Phase 1 offsite was completed in late 2014. 208 new
multifamily units were built.

Year 2 activities:

Wheatley Choice Neighborhood: Phases 1, 2, and 3 onsite will be completed in 2018 and will
include an additional 412 units, including 80 elderly units.

Project 4: San Pedro Creek Restoration

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Overview: Bexar County and the San Antonio River Authority, in coordination with the City of
San Antonio, are in the midst of the design phase of the San Pedro Creek Improvements Project,
which will transform the creek to reflect its place in our cultural history, improve its function in
flood control, revitalize natural habitat and water quality and catalyze economic development.
The project includes 4 miles of trails and 11 acres of landscaped area and will remove 30 acres
and 38 adjacent structures from the 100-year floodplain.

In May 2013, the San Pedro Creek Study, also referred to as the Preliminary Engineering Report,
was completed and the Bexar County Commissioners Court allocated $125 million toward the
completion of the San Pedro Creek Improvements Project. The study explored opportunities for
containing the 100-year floodplain, restoring and improving water quality and the creek's
functions, as well as reconnecting people to the community's storied and historic natural
resource. On February 18, 2014, the Bexar County Commissioners Court entered into an
agreement with the San Antonio River Authority to begin the design phase of the $175 million
revitalization of a two-mile segment of the creek through downtown.

Construction will begin in January 2017 on Phase 1 of the project, which starts at the San Pedro
Creek flood tunnel inlet near Fox Tech High School to Cesar Chavez Street. The remaining
phases of the project will wind through the western side of Downtown to the creek's confluence
with the Alazan and Apache Creeks. A significant portion of Phase 1 will be open in time for the
City of San Antonio's Tricentennial Celebration in May 2018.

Federal Partner Leads: Department of Justice, Environmental Protection Agency, General
Service Administration, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Partners/Stakeholders: Bexar County, City of San Antonio, San Antonio River Authority, San
Antonio Water System, San Pedro Creek Subcommittee, Westside Creeks River Oversight
Committee, CPS, TWC/Charter Communications, AT&T, Level 3 Communication

Year 1 Activities: Obtain Corps of Engineers permits for projects; seek General Services
Administration funding through the FY 2016 budget process.

Year 2 Activities: Complete design phase; initiate groundbreaking; Engage Construction
Manage at Risk (CMAR); Obtain USACE Permit

Project 5: Westside Creeks Ecosystem Restoration

Overview: The Westside Creeks Ecosystem Restoration is a community-based planning effort
initiated in 2008 by the San Antonio River Authority. The mission of the project is to develop
concepts for restoring the environmental condition of the Alazan, Apache, Martinez, and San

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Pedro Creeks, maintaining the current flood control components of these creeks, and providing
increased opportunities for people to enjoy and interact with the urban creeks. The project will
focus on restoring the creeks in such a way that keeps with and enhances the rich historical and
cultural background of the community and incorporates key features into its design.

These creeks are located in close proximity to three San Antonio Housing Authority properties:
Alazan-Apache Courts and Guadalupe Subdivision, Cassiano Homes, and Lincoln Heights
Courts. Once restoration is completed, these economically distressed communities will have
access to the health, recreational, and economic benefits of local waterways.

In 2012, San Antonio voters approved a project which included funding for the Westside Creeks
hike and bike trails. A conceptual plan that includes ideas for maintaining and enhancing flood
control, ecosystem restoration, recreational improvements, and economic development
opportunities was approved in June 2011. The City of San Antonio and the San Antonio River
Authority are working together to design and construct a hike and bike system which will
complement the larger creek ecosystem restoration project. Public meetings were conducted to
solicit input on the Westside Creek hike and bike trail projects. Trails along Alazan, Apache and
San Pedro creeks were completed in the summer of 2016.

In May 2015 San Antonio voters again approved Proposition 2 which the City uses for
constructing the linear creekway hike and bike trails. The citizen lead Westside Creeks
Restoration Oversight Committee advocated for $7.6 million to complete 4.5 miles of trails
along the Alazan and Martinez Creeks. The Linear Creekway Trails Project is managed by the
San Antonio River Authority and is intended to complement the Westside Creeks Restoration
Project, which is focused on environmental restoration and public enhancement of the Westside
Creeks.

In August 2011, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers chose the Westside Creeks as one of five
national pilot studies to test the new civil works planning paradigm to determine the feasibility of
implementing ecosystem restoration and recreation along the creeks. The study focused on
improving aquatic ecosystem function and habitat within the creeks. The Westside Creeks are
located along the central flyway zone and serve as a stop-over point for several neo-tropical
migratory birds. The Corps of Engineers is assessing whether improved aquatic habitat, restored
native vegetation, and other creek enhancements would provide important stop-over habitat for
seasonal bird migrations. A General Reevaluation Report and Director's Report was completed
and signed on May 21, 2014.

Restoration of the Westside Creek Ecosystem would work in conjunction with these projects to
benefit the neighborhood and housing property residents by providing spaces for physical
activity, recreation, and increased transportation connections.

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Federal Partner Leads: Centers for Disease Control, Environmental Protection Agency,
Housing and Urban Development, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Partners/Stakeholders: Bexar County, City of San Antonio, San Antonio River Authority, San
Antonio Water System, Westside Creeks River Oversight Committee.

Year 1 Activities: Construction of locally funded hike and bike trails; prioritize funding for
Westside Creeks' preliminary engineering design through the FY 2017 budget process.

Year 2 Activities: Initiate Westside Creeks' design phase.

Project 6: San Antonio Missions - World Heritage and Cultural
Connections

Overview: Situated along a 12 mile stretch of the San Antonio River are five Spanish colonial
mission complexes built in the early eighteenth century. The Missions are the most complete and
most intact examples of Spain's efforts to colonize the northern frontier of New Spain. The
missions' more than fifty standing structures, archeological resources, and landscape features,
that include irrigation systems known as acequias, stand as proof of the interchange and blending
of cultures that would give rise to the City of San Antonio. A multi-organization group that
includes Bexar County, the National Park Service, the San Antonio Conservation Society, and
the San Antonio River Authority, is working on a feasibility study to identify opportunities for
connecting sites and routes associated with El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail
to the San Antonio Mission national Historical Park. The effort will help provide a living
resource with enhanced historic and recreation opportunities and increase the level of awareness
of San Antonio's unique history and connection to the past. This partnership also sought
designation by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organizations
(UNESCO) as a World Heritage site since 2006. On July 5th, 2015, the San Antonio Missions
were designated by UNESCO as a Works Heritage site. Designation will have a tremendous
impact on the community, providing educational opportunities about the missions and acequias,
increasing the area's visibility as an international tourist destination, and creating a substantial
economic impact. An economic impact study conducted by the Harbinger Group in 2010-11
estimated that in 2016 the Missions National Historical Park could be contributing $214.5
million in economic activity and support 2335 local jobs should local and federal initiatives be
accomplished.

Federal Partner Leads: National Park Services, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

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Partners/Stakeholders: Bexar County, City of San Antonio, Los Compadres, San Antonio
River Authority, San Antonio South Chamber of Commerce

Year 1 Activities: Obtain UNESCO designation as World Heritage Site.

Year 2 Activities: Emphasize the importance of San Antonio multi-culturalism and identify
opportunities to connect sites and routes associated with El Camino Real de los Tejas National
Historic Trail to the San Antonio Mission National Historical Park

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