FY 2024
EPA Budget in Brief
United States Environmental Protection Agency
www.epa.gov
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of the Chief Financial Officer (271 OA)
Publication Number: EPA-190-R-23-002
March 2023
www.epa.gov
Cover Photo Submission: Gabrielle Schluter - Kachemak Bay State Park, Alaska
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FY 2024 EPA Budget in Brief
Table of Contents
Forward 1
Budget Overview 3
Summary Resource Charts
EPA's Budget by Appropriation 23
EPA's Resource History 25
EPA's Resources by Major Category 27
Cross Agency Strategies (CAS)
CAS 1: Ensure Scientific Integrity and Science-Based Decision Making 29
CAS 2: Consider the Health of Children at All Life Stages and Other Vulnerable Populations
31
CAS 3: Advance EPA's Organizational Excellence and Workforce Equity 33
CAS 4: Strengthen Tribal, State, and Local Partnerships and Enhance Engagement 37
Goal and Objective Overviews
Goal 1: Tackle the Climate Crisis 39
Goal 2: Take Decisive Action to Advance Environmental Justice and Civil Rights 47
Goal 3: Enforce Environmental Laws and Ensure Compliance 55
Goal 4: Ensure Clean and Healthy Air for All Communities 61
Goal 5: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities 67
Goal 6: Safeguard and Revitalize Communities 73
Goal 7: Ensure Safety of Chemicals for People and the Environment 79
Appendices
Program Projects by Program Area 87
EPA's Resources by Appropriation 99
Categorical Program Grants 101
Categorical Grants Overview 103
Estimated SRI Obligations by State (FY 2022 - FY 2024) 111
Infrastructure Financing 117
Trust Funds 123
Programs Proposed for Elimination 127
Highlights of Major Program Changes 129
List of Acronyms 141
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Forward
Usage and Terminology
The FY 2024 EPA Budget in Brief displays funding in columns marked as FY 2022 Actuals, FY
2023 Enacted Level, FY 2024 President's Budget, and the FY 2024 President's Budget versus the
FY 2023 Enacted Level. Note that the American Rescue Plan, Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and
Economic Security Act, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and Inflation Reduction Act levels
are excluded from all figures unless otherwise noted. Amounts in the FY 2022 Actuals column
reflect direct financial obligations as reported by the Governmentwide Treasury Account Symbol
(GTAS) system. Fixed costs refer primarily to costs that are largely unavoidable in the short term
(e.g., pay increases, General Services Administration set rent costs, utilities and security costs,
unemployment compensation, and government-wide changes in health benefits).
Please note that amounts presented reflect budget authority unless otherwise specified. Numbers
in tables and graphs may not add to totals because of rounding.
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Budget Overview
United States Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2024 Budget Overview
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a clear and vital mission: to protect
human health and the environment. While the Agency, along with tribal, state, and local partners,
has made great progress in advancing this mission over the last 50 years, much work remains to
guarantee that all people living in the United States share more fully in the benefits of clean air,
clean water, clean land, and chemical safety. The urgency of climate change raises the stakes of
the Agency's work to protect communities. The FY 2024 President's Budget articulates Agency
plans to confront these challenges and advance the priorities described in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan, which will make real, durable changes to the environmental and public and
economic health of all Americans.
The FY 2024 President's Budget for EPA totals $12,083 billion, $1.9 billion or 19 percent higher
than the FY 2023 enacted level. It includes 17,077 full-time equivalents (FTE), an increase of
1,961 FTE above the current level, to restore the Agency's capacity to carry out its core mission.
These resources will advance EPA's efforts to clean up air, land, and water pollution, tackle the
climate crisis, advance environmental justice, fund scientific research, support the President's
Cancer Moonshot Initiative, and position the Agency with the workforce required to address
emerging and ongoing challenges. In furtherance of its mission to protect human health and the
environment, the Budget requests robust funding to address the climate crisis by reducing
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; building resilience in the face of climate impacts; and engaging
with the global community, and state, local and tribal partners to respond to this shared challenge.
The Agency also will continue to ensure environmental justice is at the forefront of its activities
by investing across numerous programs in support of environmental justice and ensuring
compliance with several civil rights laws that prohibit discrimination in programs or activities that
receive federal financial assistance from EPA.
Reliable and safe drinking water is critical to every citizen's health while access to clean water for
recreation, as well as commerce, supports the environmental and economic health of all
communities; therefore, the Budget supports the full implementation of grant programs authorized
in the Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act (DWWIA). To capitalize on the once-
in-a-generation opportunity to make meaningful, long overdue progress, the FY 2024 Budget will
complement the significant resources provided in the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs
Act (IDA), American Rescue Plan (ARP), and Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) to ensure that EPA,
tribes, and states have the support needed to effectively implement these new or significantly
expanded programs.
The FY 2024 Budget is rooted in the four foundational principles of the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan: Follow the Science, Follow the Law, Be Transparent, and Advance Justice and
Equity. These principles form the basis of the Agency's culture and will guide its operations and
decision making now and into the future. The Strategic Plan focuses on achieving the Agency's
and Administration's environmental priorities to instill scientific integrity in decision making,
tackle the climate crisis, and embed environmental justice across Agency programs.
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Budget Overview
FY 2024 Funding Priorities
Tackle the Climate Crisis
The FY 2024 Budget prioritizes tackling climate change with the urgency that science demands.
EPA's Climate Change Indicators website presents compelling and clear evidence of changes to
our climate reflected in rising temperatures, ocean acidity, sea level rise, river flooding, droughts,
heat waves, and wildfires.1 Resources in the Budget support efforts to mitigate and adapt to the
impacts of the climate crisis while spurring economic progress and creating good-paying jobs.
Both climate mitigation and adaptation are essential components of the strategy to reduce the
threats and impacts of climate change. The Budget empowers EPA to work with partners to address
the climate crisis by reducing GHG emissions; building resilience in the face of climate impacts;
and engaging with the global community to respond to this shared challenge.
In FY 2024, EPA will drive reductions in emissions that significantly contribute to climate change
through regulations of GHGs, climate partnership programs, and support to tribal, state, and local
governments. The Agency will accomplish this through the transformative investments in the IRA,
IIJA, and our annual appropriation, which funds the core operating accounts of the Agency. In FY
2024 and beyond, EPA will ensure its programs, policies, regulations, enforcement and
compliance assurance activities, and internal business operations consider current and future
impacts of climate change.
The Budget proposes an additional $64.4 million and 24 FTE to implement the bipartisan
American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act to continue phasing out potent greenhouse
gases known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Resources support efforts to implement innovative
Information Technology solutions, such as a Quick Response (QR) code system and database
integration across EPA and Customs and Border Patrol, to ensure that the phasedown is not
undermined by illegal imports. By September 30, 2023, EPA expects that annual U. S. consumption
of HFCs will be 10 percent below the baseline2 of 303.9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (MMTCChe) consistent with the HFC phasedown schedule implemented in the AIM
Act and codified in the implementing regulations. A 10 percent reduction would decrease the U.S.
consumption limit to less than 273.5 MMTC02e by 2023, meeting an Agency Priority Goal for
FY 2022 - 2023 to Phase down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
Building on investments in the FY 2023 enacted budget, the FY 2024 Budget also provides an
additional $71.5 million and 40.6 FTE, for a total of $181 million and 257 FTE, for the Climate
Protection Program to tackle the climate crisis at home and abroad through an integrated approach
of regulations, partnerships, and technical assistance. This additional resource includes $5 million
for EPA to provide administrative support to the $27 billion GHG Reduction Fund, enacted
through the IRA. With enhanced administrative support, EPA will be able to more efficiently and
effectively administer competitive grants to mobilize financing and leverage private capital for
clean energy and climate projects that reduce GHG emissions with an emphasis on projects that
1 For more information, please visit:https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/fuial-rule-phasedowa-hydrofluorocarbons-
establishing-allowance-allocation.
2 https://www.epa.gov/cliiiiate-hfcs-reductioii/fiiial-iule-phasedowii-hydrofluorocarbons-establishiiig-allowance-allocation
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benefit low-income and disadvantaged communities. Additionally, EPA provides investments to
support the private sector in calculating GHG emissions and climate risk and setting science-based
climate targets, as well as investments to embed the economic impacts of climate change and
decarbonization efforts within government economic projects.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to take action to reduce dangerous air pollution and GHG emissions
from mobile sources. The FY 2024 Budget provides $150 million for the Diesel Emissions
Reduction Act (DERA) Grant Program, a $50 million increase above the FY 2023 enacted level,
to expand the availability of DERA grants and rebates to reduce harmful diesel emissions, with a
focus on school buses, ports, and communities disproportionately affected by air quality
problems.3 These locations also are often where lower income communities and communities of
color suffer from exposure to higher levels of pollution.
The Agency also will commit an additional $62.3 million and 46.8 FTE for a total of $180 million
and 370 FTE to the Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification Program to build on
investments in FY 2023. This includes the development of analytical methods, regulations, and
analyses to support climate protection by controlling GHG emissions from light-, medium-, and
heavy-duty vehicles. In FY 2024, EPA also will promulgate a final rulemaking to establish new
GHG emissions standards for heavy-duty engines and vehicles. This rule will reduce GHG and
other emissions from highway heavy-duty vehicles, the second largest source of transportation
GHG emissions. In support of Executive Order 14037: Strengthening American Leadership in
Clean Cars and Trucks,4 EPA's longer-term rulemaking to set emission standards will save
consumers money, cut pollution, boost public health, advance environmental justice, and tackle the
climate crisis. EPA will establish new multi-pollutant emissions standards, including for GHG
emissions, for light- and medium-duty vehicles beginning with model year 2027 and extending
through at least model year 2030.
Acting domestically to reduce GHG emissions is an important step to tackle the climate crisis;
however, environmental protection is a shared responsibility that crosses international borders, and
climate change poses a threat that no one government can solve alone. The FY 2024 Budget
provides an additional $18 million and 16 FTE to support tackling the climate crisis abroad.
Through a collaborative approach with international counterparts, we will enhance capacity
building programs for priority countries with increasing GHG footprints, to enable stronger
legislative, regulatory and legal enforcement. To this end, President Biden has ambitiously laid
out a path, by 2030, for the United States to cut GHG emissions by at least half from 2005 levels
showing our international partners that America is doing its part to reduce global emissions. EPA
will continue to engage both bilaterally and through multilateral institutions to improve
international cooperation on climate change. These efforts help fulfill EPA's commitment to
Executive Order 14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad.
Tackling the climate crisis depends not only on the Agency's ability to mitigate GHG emissions
but also the capacity to adapt and deliver targeted assistance to increase the Nation's resilience to
climate change impacts. As part of a whole-of-government approach, EPA will directly support
3 DERA Fourth Report to Congress: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100XlBI.pdf.
4 Executive Order 14037: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/08/05/executive-order-on-
strengthening-american-leadership-in-clean-cars-and-trucks/.
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Budget Overview
federal partners, tribes and indigenous communities, states, territories, local governments,
environmental justice organizations, community groups, and businesses as they anticipate, prepare
for, adapt to, and recover from the impacts of climate change. In FY 2024, the Budget provides an
additional $45.3 million and 26.5 FTE for climate adaptation efforts to strengthen the adaptive
capacity of tribes, states, territories, local governments, communities, and businesses. The Budget
also provides resources to support the implementation of the Agency's Climate Adaptation Action
Plan, which accelerates and focuses attention on five priority actions the Agency will take over the
next four years to increase human and ecosystem resilience as the climate changes and disruptive
impacts increase.
Take Decisive Action to Advance Environmental Justice and Civil Rights
The communities hardest hit by pollution and climate change are most often communities of color,
indigenous communities, rural communities, and economically disadvantaged communities. For
generations, many of these communities, which also are among the most vulnerable, have been
overburdened with higher instances of polluted air, water, and land. The inequity of environmental
protection is not just an environmental justice issue but also a civil rights concern. Neither an
individual's skin color, nor the community in which they live, should determine whether they have
clean air to breathe, safe water to drink, or healthy environments in which their children can play.
And yet, the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations,
and policies has not always ensured the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people
regardless of race, color, national origin, or income. In FY 2024 EPA provides over $758 million
within programs under Goal 2 to advance environmental justice and civil rights across the Nation
and across Agency efforts.
EPA will continue efforts in FY 2024 to implement the President's Justice40 Initiative with the
goal of delivering at least 40 percent of the overall benefits of relevant federal investments to
underserved and overburdened communities. In June 2022, EPA announced 73 programs that will
be covered under the Justice40 initiative, including the Clean Water and Drinking Water State
Revolving Funds, Brownfields Projects Program, Superfund Remedial Program, and the Clean
School Bus Program. EPA is currently looking at ways to ensure the delivery of benefits to
disadvantaged communities to achieve the 40-percent goal within existing legal authorizations.
EPA is also developing methodologies to track and report the benefits going toward communities
that are marginalized, underserved, and overburdened by pollution. Advancing the
Administration's environmental justice priorities is a foundational component of the Agency's FY
2024 Budget, and success requires a whole-of-EPA approach. EPA's Budget recognizes the
importance of embedding environmental justice principles in all Agency programs and
implementing Executive Order 14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, and
Executive Order 13985: Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities
Through the Federal Government.
To elevate environmental justice as a top Agency priority in FY 2024, EPA's newest National
Program Manager, the Office of Environmental Justice and External Civil Rights (OEJECR), will
lead the agency-wide effort to address the needs of overburdened and underserved communities
and maximize the benefits of the Agency's programs and activities to underserved communities.
By September 30, 2023, EPA expects to develop and implement a cumulative impacts framework,
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Budget Overview
issue guidance on civil rights compliance for recipients of federal funding, establish at least 10
indicators to assess EPA's performance in eliminating disparities in environmental and public
health conditions, and train staff and partners on how to use these resources, to meet an Agency
Priority Goal for FY 2022 - 2023 to Deliver tools and metrics for EPA and its tribal, state, local,
and community partners to advance environmental justice and external civil rights compliance.
The FY 2024 Budget will expand upon the FY 2023 enacted budget to enhance the Agency's
ability to develop, manage, and award new competitive grants to reduce the historically
disproportionate health impacts of pollution in communities with environmental justice concerns.
Nearly $375 million and 265 FTE, an increase of $267 million and 41 FTE above the FY 2023
enacted, is requested for the Environmental Justice Program to expand support for community-
based organizations, indigenous organizations, tribes, states, local governments, and territorial
governments in pursuit of identifying and addressing environmental justice issues through multi-
partner collaborations. The FY 2024 Budget proposes to invest $91 million and 50 FTE on building
out community-centered technical assistance hubs to support basic capacity building of
communities and their partners to advance equity and justice in their communities. With the FY
2024 investment of $34.7 million and 167 FTE in the Tribal Capacity Building Program, an
increase of $20 million and 88 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted, EPA will strengthen efforts to
support nationwide core work in the tribal capacity building program with a focus on addressing
the climate change crisis. In addition, EPA will implement the revised EPA Tribal Consultation
Policy and Implementation Guidance to improve consultation practices in conformance with the
executive order on tribal consultation and train EPA staff.
To fully implement its external civil rights mission with quality and consistency and in a way that
yields positive and sustainable impacts for the most overburdened and vulnerable communities
where protection of civil rights may be at risk, EPA must embed civil rights obligations into its
programmatic actions and provide the level of funding and staffing necessary for success. All
applicants for and recipients of EPA financial assistance, including state and local governments as
well as private entities, have an affirmative obligation to comply with federal civil rights laws,
both as a prerequisite to obtaining EPA financial assistance and in administering their programs
and activities. EPA enforcement of these anti-discrimination provisions is a vital part of the
Agency's goal to advance equity and environmental justice. Consistent enforcement of federal
civil rights laws for recipients of federal funds will prevent decisions that can overburden
underserved communities and create or exacerbate significant inequities in human health
protection and environmental pollution. In FY 2024, the Budget provides a total of $31.5 million
and 144 FTE, an increase of $18.6 million and 77.2 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted level, to build
civil rights capacity across the Agency and to reduce the backlog of civil rights cases such as
claims of discrimination in communities and pre-award and post-award compliance activities. In
the long term, the vigorous enforcement of civil rights laws will address historical and systemic
barriers that contribute to the environmental injustice affecting vulnerable communities.
Enforce Environmental Laws and Ensure Compliance
Ensuring compliance and enforcement of the Nation's environmental laws is foundational to
achieving EPA's mission. The Agency will hold bad actors accountable for their violations, with
a particular focus on protecting communities with multiple pollution sources and ensuring a level
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Budget Overview
playing field in the marketplace for regulated sources and parties. In FY 2024, EPA will provide
$757 million and 3,354 FTE to strengthen compliance with the Nation's environmental laws and
hold violators accountable. The FY 2024 Budget provides an increase of $22.6 million and 38.3
FTE above the FY 2023 enacted levels to rebuild the inspector corps, which is EPA's highest
enforcement priority. The inspector corps will be able to be more efficient attributable to the
resources provided in the IRA that are targeted for improving enforcement technology and
inspection software and for other related purposes. EPA also will leverage funding from the IRA
for enhanced tools (such as the Integrated Compliance Information System, ICIS) and technical
assistance to the regulated community to support understanding and compliance with
environmental laws. EPA will implement a comprehensive action plan in FY 2024 for integrating
environmental justice and climate change considerations throughout all aspects of its enforcement
and compliance assurance work. The Agency will increase the percentage of inspections impacting
overburdened communities and provide greater public access to compliance data to help a
community better understand and manage risks. In addition, EPA will advance its efforts to address
climate change mitigation and adaptation issues through targeted inspections, compliance
monitoring, and technical assistance directed to sources with the most potential for noncompliant
emissions of GHGs that contribute to climate change.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $165 million for the Compliance Monitoring Program, an increase
of $50.9 million and 41.5 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted, to support enforcement and compliance
assurance efforts with a focus on incorporating environmental justice considerations into
programmatic work. EPA will leverage its resources to expand software solutions for field
inspectors to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of compliance inspections and continue the
data system modernization effort, including enforcement and compliance assurance data systems.
These resources will complement those provided to EPA under the IRA that are targeted for
improving enforcement technology, inspection software, and other related purposes. In FY 2024,
EPA will provide robust targeted oversight and support to tribal, state, and local programs. The
Agency will prioritize work with states to develop methods that successfully leverage advances in
both monitoring and information technology to increase the availability of information about
environmental conditions in disadvantaged communities.
EPA's Civil Enforcement Program is designed to protect human health and the environment by
ensuring compliance with the Nation's environmental laws. The Budget provides $246 million for
civil enforcement efforts, which includes funding to increase enforcement efforts in communities
with high pollution exposure and to prevent the illegal importations and use of HFCs in the United
States. These resources also include an additional $3.4 million and 7 FTE over the FY 2023 enacted
level to support compliance and enforcement of the Coal Combustion Residual (CCR) Program.
The CCR Program ensures that coal ash disposal units do not present dangerous structural stability
issues that could put surrounding communities at risk, in particular, those in rural and underserved
areas. These resources will allow the Agency to continue analyzing groundwater monitoring data
and ensuring facility corrective action and closure efforts are complying with the regulatory
requirements and adequately addressing coal ash disposal risks. Together, these resources will
enable EPA to incorporate environmental justice and climate change considerations into all phases
of case development without displacing other important enforcement and compliance assurance
work. For example, EPA may focus on opportunities to reduce GHG emissions while providing
co-benefits in underserved communities, expand inclusion of GHG mitigation and climate
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Budget Overview
resilience remedies, and prioritize environmental justice concerns in case resolutions where
appropriate.
Overburdened and underserved communities are more often victims of environmental crime.
EPA's FY 2024 Budget supports the development of a specialized Criminal Enforcement Initiative
focused on addressing environmental justice issues with other Agency priority National
Compliance Initiatives in partnership with the Department of Justice (DOJ). The Criminal
Enforcement Initiative focuses on the prioritization of investigative resources to overburdened
communities and vulnerable populations, while maintaining case initiation standards and reducing
the impact of pollution. The FY 2024 Budget includes $75.1 million and 296 FTE to support the
Criminal Enforcement Program by targeting investigations on the most egregious environmental
cases.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to advance efforts to protect fenceline communities at risk to
environmental health hazards from nearby oil and chemical facilities and underground storage tank
releases. Fenceline communities are often low-income and/or communities of color facing
disproportionate risks from environmental health hazards, particularly in light of severe weather
events caused by a changing climate. The FY 2024 Budget invests additional resources to advance
protection of these communities by increasing inspections and compliance assistance to ensure
nearby facilities are adhering to regulations designed to protect vulnerable populations. This
investment also will be used to create and expand programs to improve environmental protections
and increase monitoring capability in fenceline communities.
Ensure Clean and Healthy Air for All Communities
Providing clean and healthy air for all communities is a central tenet of EPA's mission. Long-term
exposure to elevated levels of certain air pollutants has been associated with increased risk of
cancer, premature death, and damage to the immune, neurological, reproductive, cardiovascular,
and respiratory systems, while short-term exposure can exacerbate asthma and lead to other
adverse health effects and economic costs.5 Relying on the latest science, EPA will continue work
to reduce emissions of the six National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) pollutants—
particulate matter (PM), ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead—and
air toxics from mobile and stationary sources. In FY 2024, EPA will leverage approaches including
regulatory tools, innovative market-based techniques, public and private-sector partnerships,
community-based approaches, voluntary programs that promote environmental stewardship, and
programs that encourage adoption of cost-effective technologies and practices. The FY 2024
Budget includes approximately $1.4 billion and 2,207 FTE to advance EPA efforts in protecting
human health and the environment from the harmful effects of air pollution.
Building upon the work under the ARP and IRA, the FY 2024 Budget requests an additional
investment of $100 million to develop and implement a community air quality monitoring and
notification program to provide real-time data to the public in areas with greatest exposure to
harmful levels of pollution, such as smoke pollution from wildfires. In FY 2024, the Agency will
continue to work closely with tribes, states, and local air quality agencies to develop the most
effective approaches to meet community concerns. The Budget includes resources to fulfill the
5 For more information, please visit https://www.epa.gov/air-research/research-health-effects-air-pollution.
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President's commitment to engage meaningfully with overburdened and vulnerable communities
during the entire rulemaking process, from pre-proposal through final promulgation and
implementation.
In FY 2024, EPA will make critical resource investments in air regulatory development and
implementation work, particularly to support NAAQS review and implementation activities. The
President directed EPA to review the 2020 PM NAAQS and the 2020 Ozone NAAQS in accordance
with Executive Order 13990: Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science
to Tackle the Climate Crisis.6 An increase of $89.9 million and 193 FTE over the FY 2023 enacted
is requested to develop and implement climate and clean air regulations and programs, including
supporting NAAQS review and implementation work. Critical to successful NAAQS
implementation are activities such as timely issuance of rules and guidance documents, ongoing
outreach to states and other entities, development of NAAQS implementation and permitting-
related tools, and taking timely action on State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and reducing the SIP
backlog. In total, the FY 2024 Budget provides $367 million and 1,080 FTE, an increase of $208
million and 200 FTE above FY 2023 enacted levels, for the Federal Support for Air Quality
Management Program.
The FY 2024 President's Budget also provides $47.5 million and 165 FTE for the Federal
Stationary Source Regulations Program to finalize the review of standards for power plants, as
well as rules to limit GHG emissions from new and existing sources in the power sector and new
and existing facilities in the oil and gas sector. The Budget provides $47.6 million and 71.4 FTE
for the Reducing Risks from Indoor Air Program to expand technical assistance to community-
based asthma programs to reduce asthma disparities, particularly in disadvantaged communities,
and provide technical support to high-risk, low-income communities to reduce lung cancer risk.
The Agency also will seek to address the air quality challenges presented by wildfires. Wildfire
smoke can vary from year to year but can typically make up approximately 30 percent of total
PM2.5 emissions in some regions of the U.S., aggravating heart and lung disease and causing
premature death. Climate change has already led to a marked increase in wildfire season length,
wildfire frequency, and burned area.7 The FY 2024 Budget includes $7 million for Wildfire Smoke
Preparedness, and EPA will continue to work with the U.S. Forest Service and other federal, state,
and community agencies and organizations to identify ways to improve public notification and
reduce the public health risk from air pollution resulting from wildfires.
The Agency is also committed to protect both the climate system and the stratospheric ozone layer,
which shields all life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The FY 2024 Budget
will include $72.2 million and 52.2 FTE for Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic Programs to
implement the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act of 2020 to phase out climate-
damaging hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), building on the successful work with manufacturers and
phase-out methodologies that have led to progress restoring the ozone layer.
6 Executive Order 13990: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-
protecting-public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/.
7 For more information on climate impacts, risk and adaptation in the United States visit: https://nca201.8.globalcliaiige.gov/.
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Budget Overview
The Agency also will provide $423 million in financial support through Categorical Grant
Programs to EPA's tribal, state, and local partners, an increase of $158 million over the FY 2023
enacted level, to further their efforts in implementing air quality management programs. These
programs are critical for EPA's state, tribal and local partners to support implementation of
environmental laws in states and tribal lands across the county and assure tangible progress for
historically overburdened and underserved communities through sustained financial support.
Funding for state and tribal support has been largely flat since 2018, while the need and
expectations from EPA partners has only increased. In FY 2024, EPA provides $400 million for
the State and Local Air Quality Management Program to provide grants to tribes and states that
will support on-the-ground efforts to address GHG emissions and continuing core work, such as
state and local air quality monitoring networks, air permitting programs, emission inventories, air
quality forecasts, air quality training, visibility improvements, and air toxic monitoring efforts. In
FY 2024, EPA also includes $23.1 million for the Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality
Management Program. Funding will assist tribes to develop and implement air pollution control
programs for Indian Country to prevent and address air quality concerns, including mitigating and
adapting to the effects of climate change. EPA will work with tribes to assess environmental and
public health conditions in Indian Country by developing emission inventories and, where
appropriate, expanding the siting and operating of air quality monitors.
Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
EPA's most recent clean and drinking water needs assessment surveys, published in 2016 and
2018, respectively, determined that the country would need to invest more than $743 billion over
the next 20 years to maintain, upgrade, and replace critical drinking water and wastewater
infrastructure.8 In FY 2023, EPA will finalize the seventh Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs
Survey and Assessment (DWINSA). This survey provides a 20-year capital investment need for
public water systems that are eligible to receive funding from state Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Programs. The survey also informs the DWSRF allocation formula as
required under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Beginning in FY 2024, early framework
activities for the eighth DWINSA will begin. Today, up to 10 million homes in America and more
than 400,000 schools and childcare centers rely on drinking water distribution lines that contain
lead—a clear and present danger to the health of children. Replacing these lead pipes and adapting
America's water infrastructure to be more resilient to climate change is critical to keeping
communities healthy and safe, consistent with the President's Lead Pipe and Paint Action Plan.9
As the climate warms, more extreme rainfall and flooding events could damage or overwhelm
water systems, leaving entire communities without safe water supplies for days or weeks. While
there are significant funds from IIJA, there is still more demand and the FY 2024 Budget builds
on the $8.83 billion available to State Revolving Funds (SRFs) in FY 2024 from the law. The
Budget also includes $268 million and 1,056 FTE for the Surface Water Protection Program, an
increase of $43.5 million and 46.1 FTE over the FY 2023 enacted level, to support efforts to
protect, improve, and restore the quality of our Nation's coastal waters, rivers, lakes, wetlands,
and streams.
8 For more information on EPA's Clean Water and Drinking Water Needs Survey Reports, visit: https://www.epa.gov/cwas and
https://www.epa.gov/dwsrf/epas-6th-drinking-water-infrastructure-needs-survey-and-assessment.
9 https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/12/16/fact-sheet-the-biden-harris-1ead-pipe-and-paint-
action-plan.
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The Budget provides $219 million for two grants dedicated to remediating lead contamination in
water - Reducing Lead in Drinking Water and Lead Testing in Schools - an increase of $163
million over the 2023 enacted level. The Budget also funds other grants and loans that can be used
for lead service line replacements. The Budget updates the cross-government Lead Pipe
Replacement Funding Inventory that was published for the first time with the 2023 President's
Budget.
EPA's water infrastructure financing programs will advance the Agency's ongoing commitment
to infrastructure repair and replacement and also build climate resilience into the water sector. At
the same time, these investments will create hundreds of thousands of good-paying jobs across the
country.10 The Budget provides more than $4 billion for water infrastructure, an increase of $1
billion over the 2023 enacted level. These resources would advance efforts to upgrade drinking
water and wastewater infrastructure nationwide, with a focus on underserved and rural
communities that have historically been overlooked. The Budget also funds all of the
authorizations in the original Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act (DWWIA) of
2021 and includes funding levels of $2.8 billion for EPA's State Revolving Funds (SRF), which
complements funds provided for water infrastructure programs in the bipartisan IIJA. Also
included is approximately $1.2 billion for grant programs authorized in the Water Infrastructure
Improvements for the Nation (WIIN) Act of 2016, the America's Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA)
of 2018, and DWWIA. These resources are intended to upgrade aging infrastructure, invest in new
technologies, and provide assistance to communities.
Another goal of the Agency's infrastructure repair and replacement efforts is to address lead and
other contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water,
especially in small and underserved communities. AWIA strengthened many existing programs
within EPA, including programs authorized by the WIIN Act, while creating new programs to
tackle significant public health and environmental concerns. DWWIA, as authorized under IIJA,
builds on the foundation of AWIA and WIIN to strengthen the federal government's ability to
upgrade the Nation's drinking water and wastewater infrastructure. These investments will enable
the Agency to increase water infrastructure resilience and sustainability, provide assistance for
underserved communities, and reduce lead in drinking water. By September 30, 2023, in support
of Goal 5, Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities and Goal 6, Safeguard and
Revitalize Communities, EPA expects to provide technical assistance to at least 10 communities to
help achieve clean and safe water, an Agency Priority Goal for FY 2022 - 2023 to Clean up
contaminated sites and invest in water infrastructure to enhance the livability and economic
vitality of overburdened and underserved communities.
In FY 2024, EPA provides $150 million and 554 FTE, an increase of $22.9 million and 15.1 FTE,
to support Drinking Water Programs to better protect communities, especially overburdened and
underserved communities. This includes efforts to finalize the Lead and Copper Rule
Improvements (LCRI) regulation, which aims to strengthen the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions
(LCRR) issued in 2021 to more proactively replace lead service lines and more equitably protect
public health. In August 2022, EPA released Guidance for Developing and Maintaining a Service
10 Jobs created estimates are based on the U.S. Water Alliance: The Value of Water Campaign: The Economic Benefits of
Investing in Water Infrastructure.
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Budget Overview
Line Inventory11 to support water systems with their efforts to develop inventories and to provide
states with needed information for oversight and reporting to EPA. This guidance will help water
systems comply with the LCRR requirement to prepare and maintain an inventory of service line
materials by October 16, 2024.
Resources also will support reducing public health and environmental threats from PFAS by
finalizing the new drinking water standards in FY 2024. An additional $56.5 million is provided
to accelerate progress on EPA's PFAS Strategic Roadmap,12 and enable EPA to move more
quickly on policy, regulatory, and enforcement actions across multiple statutory authorities, and
to support states and tribes in taking action on PFAS. EPA will continue its efforts in FY 2024 to
develop analytical methods, drinking water health advisories, toxicity values, effluent limitation
guidelines, as well as risk communication and other tools to support states, tribes, and localities in
managing PFAS risks in their communities.
Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Loan Programs
The FY 2024 Budget includes $1.64 billion for the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF)
Program to capitalize state revolving loan funds in all 50 states and Puerto Rico to finance
infrastructure improvements for public wastewater systems and projects to improve water quality.
It represents the largest source of federal funds for states to provide loans and other forms of
assistance for water quality projects including construction of wastewater treatment facilities,
water and energy efficiency projects, and green infrastructure projects. In addition to capitalizing
the CWSRF Program, a portion of the Budget will provide direct grants to communities in tribal
nations and territories. The sanitation infrastructure in these communities often trails the rest of
the country, causing significant public health concerns.
EPA's DWSRF is designed to assist public water systems in financing the costs of drinking water
infrastructure improvements needed to comply with SDWA requirements, protect public health,
and support tribal, state, and local efforts to protect drinking water. The FY 2024 Budget includes
$1.13 billion for the DWSRF to help finance critical infrastructure improvements to public water
systems. States have considerable flexibility to tailor their DWSRF Programs to their unique
circumstances and needs and to consider how best to achieve the maximum public health
protection and infrastructure development that benefits all people living in the United States.
Infrastructure within the water sector goes beyond repair and replacement to include the safety and
reliability of the IT systems used to monitor clean and safe water. In FY 2024, EPA provides $25
million for a grant program to advance cybersecurity infrastructure capacity and protections within
the water sector. An additional $19.6 million is provided to implement regulatory action to mitigate
the risks of cyberattacks in the water sector as well as increase the Agency's ability to respond to
incidents. Cybersecurity represents a substantial concern for the water sector, given the prevalence
of state-sponsored and other malevolent attacks on the sector as well as the sector's inherent
vulnerability and limited technical capacity to address cyber issues.
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA)
11 https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-08/Inventory%20Guidance_August%202022 508%20compliant.pdf.
12 https://www.epa.gov/pfas/pfas-strategic-roadmap-epas-commitments-action-2021-2Q24.
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Budget Overview
The WIFIA Program, created in 2014, is a critical tool to increase water infrastructure investments
by leveraging public and private sources of funds to maximize the reach of federal funds. As of
February 2023, EPA had issued 100 WIFIA loans to communities across the country totaling over
$17 billion in credit assistance to help finance more than $36 billion for water infrastructure
projects.13 WIFIA loans for these projects have saved communities nearly $5 billion, which can
be used for additional infrastructure investment and to keep rates affordable for water system users.
These WIFIA-financed projects have created over 123,000 jobs and benefited more than 50 million
people, demonstrating that WIFIA credit assistance is an effective tool to help address a variety of
water infrastructure needs to support communities nationwide. The FY 2024 Budget supports
WIFIA with $80.4 million in total funding.
Geographic Programs
Beyond water infrastructure, the Agency recognizes the important role federal assistance provides
to protect water bodies of special ecological and economic importance to our Nation. Through
EPA's Geographic Water Programs, the Agency assists state and multi-state partners and tribes to
accelerate and manage the restoration of the ecological health of these water bodies. In total, the
FY 2024 Budget provides $682 million for EPA's Geographic Water Programs to advance work
on projects that target the most significant environmental problems in these important water bodies
and watersheds. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to provide resources to accelerate ecological
restoration and sustainable management for the Chesapeake Bay, Columbia River, Gulf of Mexico,
the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, Lake Pontchartrain, Long Island Sound, Northwest Forest
Watershed, Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, South Florida, and Southeast New England. Funding
will help monitor and restore these ecological treasures and enable sustainable use for years to
come. These important geographic efforts also will benefit from the $343 million provided by the
IIJA to create synergies for EPA's Geographic Programs in FY 2024.
Categorical Grants
The Agency will provide $493 million in financial support through Categorical Grant Programs to
EPA's tribal, state, and local partners to support their efforts in implementing key provisions of
the Clean Water Act. Within this amount, $279 million is provided to the Section 106 Grants
Program, an increase of $42.4 million from the FY 2023 enacted budget, which funds state,
interstate, and tribal water pollution control programs to support actions to identify and take actions
to assess and mitigate PFAS in the environment, and is a critical funding source to establish,
expand, and implement water quality programs to protect and restore water resources (e.g., rivers,
streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwater). Also included is $189 million for the Section 319
Grants Program, which will continue to focus on implementing watershed projects and maintaining
current Nonpoint Source Management Programs to restore impaired waterbodies to meet water
quality standards and protect unimpaired waters. In addition, EPA provides $133 million for the
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program, which helps support state drinking water
programs and technical assistance providers in achieving and maintaining compliance at drinking
water systems, amplifying best practices, strengthening state capacity, and certifying drinking
water operators. EPA's efforts under this program will help deliver clean drinking water, improve
public health, and support environmental justice for overburdened and underserved communities,
including rural and tribal communities.
13 https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-100th-wifia-loan-investing-115-million-improve-resilience-extreme
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Budget Overview
Safeguard and Revitalize Communities
Preventing and cleaning up environmental damage that harms communities and poses a risk to
public health and safety continues to be a top priority for the Administration.
Cleaning up contaminated lands so that they can be redeveloped and returned to productive use is
a challenge faced by many communities. Cleaning up America's most contaminated land and
reducing exposure to toxic substances are critical components of the Agency's strategy to address
human health impacts, particularly in underserved communities where many of these sites are
located. Approximately 22 percent of Americans live within three miles of a Superfund site.
Recent research shows Superfund cleanup actions lowered the risk of elevated blood lead levels
by roughly 13 to 26 percent for children living within 1.2 miles of a Superfund National Priorities
List (NPL) site where lead is a contaminant of concern.14 Remediating contaminated land and
restoring it to productive use is not only an environmental imperative but presents an economic
opportunity as well. A peer reviewed study found that residential property values within three
miles of Superfund sites increased between 18.7 and 24.4 percent when sites were cleaned up and
removed from the NPL.15
The FY 2024 Budget enables the Agency to continue efforts to clean up hazardous waste sites in
communities across the Nation, including those where vulnerable populations, such as children,
the elderly, and economically disadvantaged individuals, reside. These hazardous sites also are
vulnerable to the effects of climate change, making remediation even more urgent. Federal data in
a recent Government Accountability Office (GAO) report suggests that approximately 60 percent
of Superfund sites overseen by EPA are in areas that are vulnerable to wildfires and different types
of flooding—natural hazards that climate change will exacerbate.16 The Agency is working to
clean up these sites considering climate change implications to protect at-risk populations.
The Budget provides approximately $350 million for the Superfund Program to continue cleaning
up some of the Nation's most contaminated land and respond to environmental emergencies and
natural disasters, in addition to an estimated $2.5 billion in Superfund tax receipts that will be
available to EPA in 2024. The Superfund tax receipts will allow the Agency to continue critical
Superfund pre-construction work such as site characterization, construction design, and
community outreach/engagement, as well as critical remedial actions to clean up sites as described
above, which supports the Administration's Justice40 Initiative. Additionally, this funding will
allow the Superfund Emergency Response and Removal Program to effectively and efficiently
address situations that require emergency response and removal actions such as chemical releases,
fires or explosions, natural disasters, and other threats to people from exposure to hazardous
substances including from abandoned and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Investing in brownfields cleanup and redevelopment can revitalize main streets, neighborhoods,
and rural communities, increase residential property values, and create good-paying jobs. The
14 Details can be found at https://www.epa.gov/enviroimental-economics/research-enviroimental-economics-ncee-workiiig-
paper-series.
15 Shanti Gamper-Rabindran and Christopher Timmons. 2013. "Does cleanup of hazardous waste sites raise housing values?
Evidence of spatially localized benefits," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 65(3): 345-360,
http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.jeem.2012.12.001.
16 https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-20-73.
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Budget Overview
Budget provides $217 million for EPA's Brownfields Program to provide technical assistance and
grants to communities so they can safely clean up and reuse contaminated properties, as well as
$20 million for the new Alaska Contaminated Lands Program. These programs support the
President's Cancer Moonshot initiative by addressing contaminants that lead to greater cancer risk.
Approximately 143 million people live within three miles of a brownfi elds site that receives EPA
funding.17 In FY 2022, EPA leveraged 14,170 jobs and $1.8 billion in cleanup and redevelopment
funds and made 662 additional brownfields sites ready for anticipated use (RAU). Activities
undertaken in FY 2024 will leverage approximately 13,400 jobs and $2.6 billion in other funding
sources.18 By September 30, 2023, in support of Goal 6, Safeguard and Revitalize Communities
and Goal 5, Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities, EPA expects to provide technical
assistance to at least 10 communities to help achieve reduced exposures to hazardous substances,
an Agency Priority Goal for FY 2022 - 2023 to Clean up contaminated sites and invest in water
infrastructure to enhance the livability and economic vitality of overburdened and underserved
communities.
In FY 2024, the Agency will continue to invest in domestic recycling and solid waste infrastructure
that build a circular economy, one where reuse and recycling is the norm. According to the U.S.
EPA Recycling Economic Information Report, the U.S. recycling industry supports 680,000 jobs
and provides $5.5 billion annually in tax revenues. In addition to these human resources and
financial returns, the materials themselves hold great value, as recent data indicate that materials
worth $9 billion are thrown away each year. The FY 2024 Budget includes $12.7 million and 53.4
FTE in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Waste Minimization and Recyling Program
to better support the sustainable management of resources, in addition to a $10 million for Solid
Waste Infrastructure in grant funding under State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG). This
funding will advance efforts to strengthen the U.S. recycling system, address the global issue of
plastic waste, engage communities, and prevent and reduce food loss and waste.
The Agency has a statutory role to ensure that contamination is quickly and effectively cleaned up
while ensuring protection of human health and the environment from releases of hazardous
substances. Additional resources are provided to help increase protection of fenceline communities
from hazardous substance releases from facilities and underground storage tanks. In FY 2024, the
Budget includes $37.4 million in the Federal Facilities Program to enable EPA to address critical
gaps in its ability to oversee federal agencies/facilities cleanup, including Department of Defense
PFAS cleanup under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). The Agency also will assist with homeland security goals by investing in critical
resources to replace the outdated Portable High-Throughput Integrated Laboratory Identification
System (PHILIS) equipment. PHILIS is EPA's mobile laboratory asset for the on-site analysis of
chemical warfare agent and toxic industrial compound contaminated environmental samples.
Resources also will be provided to upgrade the Chemical Incident and Radiological
Reconnaissance on Unmanned Systems (CIRRUS) with the Airborne Spectral Photometric
17 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management 2020. Data collected includes: (1) Superfund, Brownfield, and RCRA
Corrective Action site information as of the end of FY 2019; (2) UST/LUST information as of late-2018 to mid-2019 depending
on the state; and (3) 2015-2018 American Community Survey (ACS) Census data.
18 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management Estimate. All estimates of outputs and outcomes are supported by the
data that is entered by cooperative agreement recipients via EPA's Assessment, Cleanup, and Redevelopment Exchange System
(ACRES) database.
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Budget Overview
Environmental Collection Technology (ASPECT) airborne screening capability to more
effectively and efficiently support emergency response.
Ensure the Safety of Chemicals for People and the Environment
The FY 2024 Budget provides additional resources to build Agency capacity to manage chemical
safety and toxic substances. EPA has significant responsibilities under amendments to the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) to ensure the safety of chemicals in or entering commerce and
addressing unreasonable risks to human health or the environment. Chemicals and toxic substances
are ubiquitous in our everyday lives and are often released into the environment from their
manufacture, processing, use, or disposal. EPA's work in managing chemical safety and toxic
substances is particularly important to vulnerable populations, including low-income, minority,
and indigenous populations, as well as children, who may be disproportionately affected by, and
particularly at risk from, exposure to chemicals.
Based on five years of implementing TSCA since enactment of the bipartisan Lautenberg Act, the
Agency has determined that additional FTE are required to increase the capacity of the Program
to address the heavy workload associated with chemical risk evaluations and risk management to
better support the Agency's ability to meet statutory mandates. Increased funding for the TSCA
Program is needed in FY 2024 to advance implementation of the law's requirements. While the
Program received additional funding in FY 2023, the full request of $131 million is needed in FY
2024, else achieving the TSCA goals will be a challenge. The FY 2024 Budget for TSCA
implementation supports over 535 FTE with appropriated resources and represents a $47.9 million
increase over the FY 2023 enacted level. EPA will continue to emphasize quality of work,
adherence to statutory intent and timelines applicable to pre-market review of new chemicals,
chemical risk evaluation and management, data development and information collection, and
review of Confidential Business Information (CBI) claims.
The Agency also has significant responsibility under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to screen new pesticides before they reach the market and ensure that
pesticides already in commerce are safe. In addition, EPA is responsible for complying with the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) and ensuring that federally endangered and threatened species are
not harmed as a result of the use of pesticides. Endangered species risk assessments involve
consideration of risks for approximately 1,200 active ingredients in more than 17,000 pesticide
products to the more than 1,600 listed endangered species and 800 designated critical habitats in
the United States. Given the complexity of evaluating potential effects to diverse listed species
under ESA, EPA has been subject to numerous litigation challenges for registration and
registration review actions. To continue making progress toward meeting ESA mandates in FY
2024, EPA requests an additional $27 million and 22.5 FTE to provide a total of $77.7 million and
282 FTE for the Pesticides: Protect the Environment Program. The Agency' s Budget also provides
$29 million and 69.2 FTE for the Pollution Prevention Program to support businesses, states,
tribes, and other partners to promote and facilitate the adoption of approaches to improve
multimedia environmental conditions and climate impacts through reductions in pollutants and
other hazardous materials. In this Program, $7.9 million and 9 FTE is provided to a new grant
program to help small businesses transitioning to TSCA compliant practices to mitigate economic
impacts.
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Budget Overview
As part of the President's commitment to tackling PFAS pollution, the Budget provides
approximately $170 million for EPA to continue working toward commitments made in the 2021
PFAS Strategic Roadmap, including: increasing our knowledge of PFAS impacts to human health
and ecological effects; restricting use to prevent PFAS from entering the air, land, and water; and
remediating PFAS that have been released into the environment.
Ensure Scientific Integrity and Science-based Decision Making
Delivering rigorous scientific research and analyses to guide the Agency's policy and regulatory
process and inform evidence-based decision making is one of EPA's cross-agency strategies.
Scientific and technological information, data, and evidence-based decision making are central to
the development and iterative improvement of sound policies and to the delivery of effective and
equitable programs. Environmental challenges in the 21st century are increasingly complex. For
example, the interplay between air quality, climate change, and emerging energy options requires
new approaches and solutions than those used in the past. These solutions require research that
transcends disciplinary lines and involve EPA regions and programs working together with tribal,
state, and local partners, stakeholders, and communities.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $643 million and 1,868 FTE for EPA's Office of Research and
Development (ORD). EPA requests an increase of $37.4 million and 34.7 FTE to the Air, Climate,
and Energy Research Program, which will substantially advance research to assess the impacts of
climate change on human health and ecosystems. EPA also requests an increase of $11.3 million
and 28.5 FTE to the Chemical Safety for Sustainability Research Program, which will be focused
on modernizing the chemical toxicity and assessment process and incorporating scientific
advances in new chemical evaluations under TSCA. This funding will lead to the development and
translation of science to inform regulatory and policy decisions by the Agency and external
partners that increase access to clean and safe air, land, and water for all communities across the
Nation.
Continue to Restore EPA's Core Capacity
Ensuring the Agency has the work force it needs to carry out its mission to protect clean air and
water, tackle the climate crisis, and promote environmental justice is essential. The Budget adds
more than 1,960 Full Time Equivalents (FTEs) relative to 2023 levels, for a total of more than
17,000 FTEs, to help rebuild the Agency's capacity. This FTE level remains below EPA's
workforce for much of the 1990s and early 2000s, while today the Agency faces a growing
workload and set of statutory responsibilities. Restoring staffing capacity across the Agency would
enable EPA to better protect our Nation's health by helping cut air, water, and climate pollution
and advancing environmental justice. EPA strives to provide modern and efficient workforce
services and serve as a model for diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility. In FY 2024, the
Agency will continue to support this goal by providing funding to enhance diverse hiring practices,
expand EPA's intern program, and strengthen agency-wide capacity to increase staff levels in key
offices and programs. Effective workforce management is critical to EPA's ability to accomplish
its mission. EPA's efforts in human resource functions are focused on strengthening the workforce,
retaining critical expertise, and capturing institutional knowledge. EPA continues developing
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Budget Overview
mechanisms to ensure that employees have the right skills to successfully achieve the Agency's
core mission today and in the future.
The FY 2024 Budget provides the funding needed for critical Agency infrastructure that all
programs require to maintain operations and meet various mandates. In FY 2024, EPA funds new
and rising costs to adequately fund mission support functions across EPA programs and regional
offices, including Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility (DEIA) and data management,
and support agency-wide implementation of OMB and DHS cybersecurity mandates. In FY 2024,
EPA will continue to implement the actions identified in the Agency's DEIA Strategic Plan. This
includes working to ensure that Agency recruitment, hiring, promotion, retention, professional
development, performance evaluations, pay and compensation policies, reasonable
accommodations access, and training policies and practices are equitable.
The FY 2024 Budget also provides robust support for implementation of the Foundations for
Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018. EPA has embarked on a multi-year effort to strengthen
how the Agency identifies, prioritizes, and undertakes evidence-building activities and develops
evidence-building capacity to inform its policies and decisions, consistent with the Evidence Act.
An additional $6.4 million and 7.2 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted level is included for evaluation
work to support implementation of the Evidence Act. The FY 2024 Budget will continue to
promote program evaluation as an essential component of federal evidence building. This effort
will advance an evaluation culture through a bottom-up approach and increase agency-wide
engagement in program evaluation. By restoring EPA's core capacity and ensuring that mission
support services are adequately funded, the FY 2024 Budget will enable the Agency to carry out
its mission effectively while being a good steward of federal resources.
In FY 2024, the Agency will continue to reconfigure its workplaces to ensure the physical footprint
can accommodate a growing and increasingly hybrid workforce. For example, EPA will continue
the space optimization projects at the Agency's laboratories in Ada, Oklahoma, Athens, Georgia,
and Corvallis, Oregon to achieve potential long-term cost and energy savings. EPA will consider
all opportunities for supporting the future of work, in line with OMB Memoranda M-21-25,
including the potential for releasing underutilized space or sharing with other federal agencies,
investing in facility enhancements to assess utilization and inform future consolidations or
releases, and converting workspaces to support hoteling and hybrid collaboration. In FY 2024, the
Budget includes additional resources in the Buildings and Facilities account to pursue critical and
backlogged repairs and improvements across EPA, initiate and complete climate resiliency and
sustainability projects across EPA-owned facilities, and invest in cutting edge EPA lab facilities,
including to support PFAS research.
Support for the Cancer Moonshot
Reducing exposure to environmental contaminants that are known or suspected to cause cancer is
embedded in much of EPA's programmatic work. EPA uses cancer incidence as one of the
indicators in its Report on the Environment19 to help answer questions relating to trends in the
condition of the Nation's air, water, and land. To support the Administration's Cancer Moonshot
initiative, EPA will renew focus on its scientific research and regulatory agenda in FY 2024 to
19 For more information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/report-enviroiiment/leam-about-roe-program.
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Budget Overview
better prevent and mitigate cancer-related exposure. The Agency will accomplish this work with
a focus on addressing environmental injustice, disparity, and inequities in prevention of and
exposure to environmental hazards that can cause cancer. Below are some examples of EPA's
work in FY 2024 to support this important initiative.
• Research to Understand and Address Environmental and Toxic Exposures. EPA conducts
extensive assessments on chemical hazards related to cancer outcomes and has developed
a variety of tools for evaluating health hazards posed by chemicals.20*21'22 These programs
provide toxicity information and toxicity values for contaminants of concern and have
formed the scientific foundation for many of EPA's air and water quality standards and the
Superfund Program.
• Risk Evaluations of Toxic Substances and Pesticides. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to
conduct TSCA risk evaluations on new and existing chemicals to determine if they present
an unreasonable risk to human health and the environment. The Agency has authority to
order manufacturers to provide information on a chemical's carcinogenicity. In addition,
the Pesticide Programs generates an annual list of cancer classifications for all pesticides.
• Air Toxics and Radon. EPA implements programs to improve air toxics data, characterize
potential cancer risk, and issue regulations to lower emissions and reduce health risk for
people across America. The FY 2024 Budget will continue to support work for air toxics
and address emerging issues and likely carcinogens such as PFAS. EPA will also continue
its efforts to prioritize strategies to reduce radon risk in underserved communities.
• Drinking Water Regulations Aimed at Reducing Cancer Risks. The National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations include primary standards and treatment techniques for
drinking water that remove carcinogens and prevent cancer cases. The PFAS drinking
water regulation may prevent additional cancer cases since PFAS exposure is associated
with increased risk of prostate, kidney, and testicular cancers. The FY 2024 Budget will
continue to support efforts to finalize the PFAS Rule.
• Remediation at Superfund Sites to Reduce Exposure to Harmful Contaminants. EPA's
Superfund Program cleans up contaminated land to reduce human exposures to harmful
contaminants that lead to greater risk for cancer and other health complications. In FY
2024, EPA will continue to oversee federal agencies and facilities cleanup, including
Department of Defense PFAS cleanup under CERCLA.
• Childhood Cancer Prevention. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to help prevent childhood
cancer by expanding the education provided to health care providers, parents, and
communities about how to identify cancer clusters, key exposures to carcinogens, and the
relationship between environmental exposures and childhood cancer or cancer due to
exposures in childhood.
20 For more information, please visit: https://www, epa. gov/iris.
21 For more information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/pprtv/basic-information-about-provisional-peer-reviewed-toxicity-
values-pprtvs#basicinfo.
22 For more information, please visit: https://www, epa. gov/isa.
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Budget Overview
Supplemental Funding
Resources in the FY 2024 Budget are complemented by the supplemental funding provided under
the landmark Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and the transformative Inflation
Reduction Act (IRA).
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)
The bipartisan IDA makes historic investments in tackling climate change, protecting public
health, creating jobs in communities across the country, and delivering a more equitable future.
The IIJA appropriated to EPA approximately $60 billion over a five-year period from FY 2022
through FY 2026. In FY 2024, $11.6 billion ofllJAfunding will be available to EPA for upgrading
drinking water and wastewater infrastructure, replacing lead pipes, addressing emerging
contaminants such as PFAS, protecting critical water bodies, cleaning up longstanding pollution
at Superfund and brownfields sites, making improvements to waste management and recycling
systems, decarbonizing the Nation's school bus fleet, and advancing the Pollution Prevention
Program. The IIJA also invests in strengthening the work of our tribal and state partners and
helping create good-paying jobs and increasing climate resilience throughout the country.
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)
The IRA appropriated $41.5 billion for EPA over the next decade to reduce harmful air pollution
in places where people live, work, play, and go to school. With these resources, EPA will target
climate change and harmful air pollution while supporting the creation of good jobs and lowering
energy costs for families. The Agency will accelerate work on environmental justice and empower
community-driven solutions in overburdened neighborhoods by dedicating resources specifically
for environmental and climate justice efforts in underserved and overburdened communities. The
IRA also contains funding for various grants to assist state, local, and tribal governments with
creating their own such programs to address issues affecting their homes.
Allocating Resources to Strategic Goals and Objectives
In accordance with the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA) and the GPRA
Modernization Act of 2010, the FY 2024 Budget identifies resources aligned with the strategic
goals and objectives of the Agency's FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan. The Budget also
allocates agency-wide mission and science support resources and FTE across the goals and
objectives. These resources provide support for multiple goals to achieve their objectives. This
support involves the provision of foundational agency-wide and cross-agency research and
development, science, and essential mission assistance services by the EPA Offices of the
Administrator (OA), Chief Financial Officer (OCFO), General Counsel (OGC), Inspector General
(OIG), Mission Support (OMS), and Research and Development (ORD). The resource summaries
by Strategic Goal and Objective within this Submission provide the total of both direct and
allocated resources.
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Summary Resource Charts
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
FY 2024 Budget by Appropriation
Total Agency: $12,083 M
(Dollars in Millions)
WIFIA
¦ Science & Technology (S&T)
~ Environmental Programs & Management (EPM)
¦ Inspector General (IG)
~ Buildings & Facilities (B&F)
¦ Inland Oil Spill Programs (OIL)
~ Hazardous Substance Superfund (SF)
¦ Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
~ State & Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
~ Water Infrastructure Finance & Innovation Program (WIFIA)
1. Excludes supplemental funding.
2. In addition to annual appropriated resources, the agency expects to receive an estimated $2.5 billion in Superfund tax receipts in FY
2024 not reflected here. These additional government revenues will support continued Superfund cleanup and enforcement.
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Summary Resource Charts
EPA's Budget FY2015 to 2024
¦ Enacted Budgets ~ President's Budget
$14.0
$12.1
$12.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Fiscal Year
Notes:
1. All agency totals include applicable rescissions.
2. FY 2020 Enacted excludes the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act.
3. FY 2021 Enacted excludes the American Rescue Plan Act.
4. FY 2022 and FY 2023 Enacted exclude the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.
Resources correspond to the resource levels included in each year's Enacted Operating Plan, except for FY 2024, which is
the requested level.
EPA's FTE Ceiling History FY 2015 to 2024
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
H 10,000
Ph
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
¦ Enacted Budgets ~ President's Budget
17,077
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Fiscal Year
FTE (Full Time Equivalent) = one employee working full time for a full year (52 weeks x 40 hours = 2,080
hours), or the equivalent number of hours worked by several part-time or temporary employees.
Reimbursable FTE are included.
FY 2022 and FY 2023 Enacted exclude the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.
Resources correspond to the resource levels included in each year's Enacted Operating Plan, except for FY
2024, which is the requested level.
25
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26
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Summary Resource Charts
EPAfs Resources by Major Category
(Dollars in Billions)
~ Infrastructure Financing ¦ Trust Funds S Operating Budget ~ Categorical Grants
$12.0
$10.0
$8.0
o
~
¦a
a>
a.
o
$6.0
a. $4.0
a.
$2.0
$0.0
$1.1
$2.5
$1.1
JS3
$1.1
I $i-i
$2.6
$3.1
$1.1
$3.4
|3
53
$1.1
$1.3
$3.11
$1.1
$1.3
juze
$1.1
$1.3
$3.2
$1.2
$1.4
: $4.4:
2015
EN
2016
EN
2017
EN
2018 2019
EN EN
Fiscal Year
2020
EN
2021
EN
2022
EN
2023
EN
2024 PB
EN - Enacted, PB - President's Budget
Notes:
1. Totals may not add due to rounding.
2. Infrastructure Financing includes Clean Water SRF, Drinking Water SRF, STAG Special Programs, and
WIFIA funding.
3. FY 2015 Enacted reflects a $40 M rescission.
4. FY 2016 Enacted reflects a $40 M rescission.
5. FY 2017 Enacted reflects a $90 M rescission.
6. FY 2018 Enacted reflects a $149 M rescission.
7. FY 2019 Enacted reflects a $211 M rescission.
8. FY 2020 Enacted excludes the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act.
9. FY 2021 Enacted reflects a $28 M rescission and excludes the American Rescue Plan.
10. FY 2022 and FY 2023 Enacted exclude the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation
Reduction Act.
11. FY 2023 Enacted reflects a $13 M rescission.
12. In addition to annual appropriated resources, the agency expects to receive an estimated $2.5 billion in
Superfund tax receipts in FY 2024 not reflected here. These additional government revenues will support
continued Superfund cleanup and enforcement.
27
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28
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Cross- Agency Strategies
Cross-Agency Strategy 1: Ensure Scientific Integrity and Science-Based Decision
Making
Deliver rigorous scientific research and analyses to inform evidence-based decision making.
EPA's ability to protect human health and the environment depends on the integrity and quality of
the information, data, and evidence that secure the scientific foundation for Agency decision
making. Identifying and implementing effective strategies, including strategies to adapt to the
changing climate, advance environmental justice and equity, and protect children at all life stages,
require that decisions be grounded in the best available science and evidence. EPA's Cross-Agency
Strategy 1 in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan will strengthen scientific integrity, advance
the delivery of rigorous and independent scientific evaluation and analyses, and ground EPA's
actions in the best available science.
Cross-Agency Strategy 1, Ensure Scientific Integrity and Science-Based Decision Making is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, increase the annual percentage of Office of Research and
Development (ORD) research products meeting partner needs to 95% from a baseline of
93% in FY 2021.1
• By September 30, 2026, implement 126 actions for scientific integrity objectives that are
certified by Deputy Scientific Integrity Officials in each EPA program and region.
Science touches all parts of EPA and plays an integral role in informing a range of environmental
decisions. EPA program and regional offices support this strategy through a commitment to
science as foundational to decision making, scientific integrity, rigorous quality assurance,
appropriate peer review, the timely release of scientific information, and transparency in decision
making.
As part of this commitment, the Agency will ensure an effective scientific integrity program.
Scientific integrity results from adherence to professional values and practices when conducting,
communicating, supervising, and developing and implementing science. It ensures objectivity,
clarity, reproducibility, and utility, and it safeguards against bias, fabrication, falsification,
plagiarism, outside interference, censorship, and inadequate procedures and information security.
EPA will advance and strengthen a culture of scientific integrity across the Agency by ensuring
adherence to the scientific and ethical standards outlined in EPA's Scientific Integrity Policy. To
support employees, contractors, and officials, EPA will provide Agencywide training on scientific
integrity. Employees, contractors, and officials have access to the Scientific Integrity Official and
staff and a network of Deputy Scientific Integrity Officials on whom they can rely for advice or to
report allegations of a loss of scientific integrity.2
1 ORD is tracking environmental justice and climate products as annual performance goals. Please see the annual performance
plan table in the President's Budget (https://www.epa.gov/planandbudget/ci) for more information.
2 The Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 promotes a culture of evaluation and continuous learning that
ensures agency decisions are made on the best available evidence including developing an Evaluations and Other Evidence-
Building Activities Policy (Evaluation Policy). EPA's Evaluation Policy includes many elements that are related to EPA's
Scientific Integrity Policy including principles of independence, objectivity, transparency, and rigor. Please see
(https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-05/epa-evaluation-evidence-building-policy.pdf) for more information.
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Cross- Agency Strategies
EPA's research and science programs support this strategy through the delivery of rigorous
scientific research and analyses. The primary mission of the Agency's Office of Research and
Development and Regional Lab Enterprise is to provide leading-edge research to meet near-term
and long-term science needs of the Agency and inform EPA decisions. This research portfolio also
supports the emerging needs of tribal, state, and community partners. Scientific research and
development will support: 1) tackling the climate crisis by addressing the causes and consequences
of climate change and developing more resilient communities; 2) addressing current, emerging,
and long-term water resource challenges; 3) developing scientific and technical approaches to
enhance the Agency's ability to evaluate chemicals and their risks; 4) accelerating the pace of
cleanups at contaminated sites so they can be returned to beneficial use; 5) revitalizing and
protecting the most vulnerable communities and groups; and 6) conducting environmental risk
assessments to better inform policies for protecting human health, particularly for children at all
life stages. The Agency's regional laboratories provide essential expertise and scientific data for a
wide array of media needed to make local decisions. In FY 2024, regional laboratories will analyze
scientific data to inform immediate and near-term decisions on environmental conditions,
emergency response, compliance, and enforcement.
In FY 2024, the Agency will continue critical research on the highest priority issues. EPA will
focus on addressing lead issues associated with the Superfund and childhood lead exposure. The
Agency also will continue to emphasize per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) research to
increase understanding of PFAS exposures, human health and ecological effects, and technologies
for reducing PFAS in the environment. In addition, the Agency will continue to advance the
Administration's science-based approach to improve wildfire readiness by enhancing wildfire data
and communications related to air quality and helping communities become "smoke ready."
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Cross- Agency Strategies
Cross-Agency Strategy 2: Consider the Health of Children at All Life Stages and Other
Vulnerable Populations
Focus on protecting and improving the health of children at all life stages and other
vulnerable populations in implementing our programs.
EPA's programs will apply and promote the use of science, policy, partnerships, communications,
and action to protect children at all life stages and other vulnerable populations from adverse health
effects resulting from exposure to pollution and the impacts of climate change. EPA also will take
actions to protect children and other vulnerable populations in underserved communities where
socioeconomic determinants of health exacerbate the harm caused by these environmental
stressors.
Children's environmental health refers to the effect of the environment on children's growth,
wellness, development, and risk of disease. EPA actions will be informed by two important
considerations: first, the scientific understanding of childhood as a sequence of life stages, and
second, the recognition that protecting children's health is necessary to protect human health,
because every adult was once a child. The effects of early life exposures may become apparent
during childhood or may not arise until adulthood or in later generations.
Cross-Agency Strategy 2, Consider the Health of Children at All Life Stages and Other
Vulnerable Populations is directly supported by the following long-term performance goal in the
FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, assess and consider environmental health information and data for
children at all life stages for EPA actions that concern human health.3
To best protect children's environmental health at all life stages and vulnerable populations, EPA
will identify, assess, develop, and promote the use of science to support its policies, decisions, and
actions, including regulations and voluntary programs. EPA also will ensure that Agency toxicity,
exposure, and risk assessments consider all relevant and available science to address the unique
vulnerabilities of children and vulnerable populations, including disproportionate impacts related
to race, ethnicity, income, existing health problems, or other social determinants of health.
In FY 2024, EPA's Children's Health Program will continue its core work to:
• Coordinate and advance the protection of children's environmental health across EPA by
assisting with development of regulations, improving risk assessment and science policy,
implementing community-level outreach and education programs, and tracking indicators
of progress on children's health.
• Coordinate two plenary meetings of the Children's Health Protection Advisory
Committee,4 including delivery of expert responses to additional charge questions related
to high priority children's environmental health issues.
• Tackle the climate crisis and advance environmental justice by following up on
recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences, which highlighted the latest
3 Changed from "By September 30, 2026, assess and consider environmental health information and data for children at all life
stages for all completed EPA actions that concern human health."
4 For additional information, please visit: littps://www.epa. gov/children/chpac.
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Cross- Agency Strategies
scientific advancement and challenges to protecting children's health, and continue to
implement the 2021 Policy on Children's Health to ensure that EPA consistently and
explicitly considers early life exposures and lifelong health in all human health decisions.5
• Support health care professionals via the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units
to better address risks from childhood exposures, particularly in communities with
environmental justice concerns.
• Partner with the Department of Health and Human Services to lead the cross-federal
President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children.6
To continue to implement Executive Order (EO) 13045: Protection of Children from
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks in FY 2024 EPA also will:
• Support the EPA Administrator to convene the President's Task Force on Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children. The focus of this work will be on protecting
children from adverse consequences of climate change and disasters, addressing disparities
in asthma among children, and reducing childhood lead poisoning.
• Take actions to protect children in underserved communities who suffer disproportionately
from the effects of pollution exposures exacerbated by socio-economic determinants of
health.
5 For additional information, please visit: https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25466/vibrant-and-healthy-kids-aligning-
science-practice-and-policy-to.
6 For additional information, please visit: https://ptfcehs.niehs.nih.gov/.
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Cross- Agency Strategies
Cross-Agency Strategy 3: Advance EPA's Organizational Excellence and Workforce
Equity
Foster a diverse, equitable, and inclusive workforce within an effective and mission-driven
workplace.
To support its mission to protect human health and the environment, EPA will make significant
progress in FY 2024 to advance organizational excellence and workforce equity. The Agency will
strengthen workforce planning of mission-critical positions and support succession management
for the next generation of workers while emphasizing diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility
(DEIA). EPA will modernize information technology systems, enhance the physical workplace for
a hybrid workforce, support employee-friendly work policies, and transition to a paperless work
environment. EPA will focus on implementing efficient and effective processes across the full
range of Agency efforts, utilizing proven continuous improvement techniques and training to equip
staff to solve problems and enhance our ability to accomplish our mission. Additionally, EPA will
continue to safeguard against cybersecurity risks to protect Agency assets and infrastructure from
potentially malicious attacks. Further, EPA will be a leader in the federal government in advancing
the sustainability of facilities and operations while developing resiliency to respond to the risks of
climate change. EPA will eliminate barriers to its procurement processes through greater
diversification of the Agency's vendor base, increasing engagement and technical assistance, and
enhancing the Agency's contracts with new vendors, including with small and underserved
businesses and targeting businesses located in Historically Underutilized Business Zones
(HUBZones).7 EPA will continue to provide resource stewardship to ensure that all agency
programs operate with fiscal responsibility and management integrity, financial services are
efficiently and consistently delivered nationwide, and programs demonstrate results.
Cross-Agency Strategy 3, Advance EPA 's Organizational Excellence and Workforce Equity is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, EPA will achieve the highest Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and
Accessibility (DEIA) Maturity Level of "Leading and Sustaining" as defined by the
November 2021 Government-wide Strategic Plan to Advance DEIA in the Federal
Workforce and achieve all EPA goals identified in the Agency's Gender Equity and
Equality Action Plan.
• By September 30, 2026, improve 1,000 operational processes.
• By September 30, 2026, initiate all priority climate resiliency projects for EPA-owned
facilities within 24 months of a completed facility climate assessment and project
prioritization.
• By September 30, 2026, EPA will be in full compliance with the five high-priority
directives in Executive Order 14028 - Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity.
• By September 30, 2026, award 4% of EPA contract spending to small businesses located
in HUBZones compared to the FY 2018-2020 average annual baseline of 2.2%.
• By September 30, 2026, automate the major EPA permitting programs.
7 For additional information, please consult the Small Business Administration's HUBZone Program webpage:
https:/Avww. sba.gov/federal-coiitractiiig/coiitractiiig-assistaiice-prograiiis/liubzoiie-prograiii.
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Cross- Agency Strategies
• By September 30, 2026, automate all priority internal administrative processes.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to implement the Agency' s DEIA Plan to advance progress towards
recruiting and maintaining a workforce representative of the American public that promotes a
culture of inclusion and accessibility within the Agency. By the end of FY 2024, EPA will have
achieved at least the Level 2: Advancing Outcomes maturity level as defined by the November
2021 Government-wide Strategic Plan to Advance DEIA in the Federal Workforce.8
In FY 2024, EPA will make progress towards equity goals by eliminating barriers in its
procurement processes and increasing the amount of spending on small and disadvantaged
businesses. EPA will provide technical assistance to small business vendors on navigating federal
contracting requirements and ensure that new EPA procurements are accessible in scope and
requirements for small businesses to successfully compete. This work will yield an increase in
contract spending awarded to small and disadvantaged businesses, including those located in
HUBZones.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to implement its Future of Work plans that will re-envision both
the workforce and the physical workspace of the Agency. Activities will include modernization
and transformation of collaborative spaces across several Agency facilities to encourage seamless
engagement of a hybrid workforce, leveraging the latest collaboration and productivity IT tools
and software, and a continued investment in IT infrastructure to sustain the increase in telework,
remote work, and operational readiness. Additionally, EPA will continue to manage flexible
workforce policies and procedures that maximize productivity to support a hybrid workforce and
enable EPA to be a model employer.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to pursue information technology systems and infrastructure
modernization, innovation, and automation of internal administrative forms and processes to
achieve a paperless work environment. To support the Agency's Cybersecurity posture, EPA will
continue to accelerate cloud adoption. In addition, EPA will continue to increase adoption of
Multifactor Authentication, encryption for Agency systems and data, adoption of a Zero Trust
Architecture, and meeting advanced logging requirements to accomplish Executive Order (EO)
14028: Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity.
In FY 2024, in support of EO 14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, EPA will
conduct climate resiliency assessments at six EPA-owned facilities. These assessments will
include identifying potential projects the Agency can implement to increase facility resiliency
against the impacts of climate change, such as roofing stability, building envelope, and emergency
power projects. Following completion of a climate assessment, EPA will initiate high-priority
projects within 24 months. Further, EPA will continue progress towards achieving carbon-
pollution free energy use and net-zero emissions in line with Administration sustainability goals.
In FY 2024, the Agency will continue to modernize its financial systems to gain greater efficiencies
by improving accounting systems and retiring legacy systems. OCFO is evolving duplicative and
manual work by automating and modifying business processes and enhancing the ability to
8 For more information, please refer to: https://www.whitehouse.gOv/wp-content/uploads/2021/l 1/Strategic-Plan-to-Advance-
Diversity-Equity-Inclusion-and-Accessibility-in-the-Federal-Workforce-11.23.21.pdf.
34
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Cross- Agency Strategies
generate automated reports. Robotics Process Automation will be a part of the overall strategy to
reduce manual work, decrease error, and improve efficiency. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to
expand and enhance easy to use dashboards to manage resources and track performance. Adopting
Treasury's Invoice Processing Platform and G-Invoicing solution (for interagency agreements)
will further standardize processes and allow for retirement of legacy administrative systems.
Additionally, the Agency will leverage senior staff engagement in continuous improvement
through nearly 100 executive-sponsored improvement projects annually. EPA is also applying
continuous improvement tools and initiatives to support IIJA implementation with an emphasis on
improving processes related to hiring and grants.
In FY 2024, EPA will collaborate with the Agency's major permitting programs to establish the
target number of permit processes to be automated.9 Automation of permit processes will reduce
processing time on issuing permits, decrease the time between receiving monitoring data and
engaging in enforcement actions, and foster transparency by allowing communities to search,
track, and access permitting actions easily. Further, permit automation will enable the integration
of climate change and environmental justice considerations into permit processes and ensure that
they are addressed within the terms and conditions of the permit. For the regulated community,
permit automation will allow for a simplified, streamlined, and transparent permitting process that
will result in time and costs savings. For communities and stakeholders, permit automation can
empower communities, especially communities with environmental justice concerns, to actively
participate in the permit decision-making process and post-permit related compliance.
9 Broad statutory frameworks for the permitting programs are found in Sections 165,173, and 502 of the Clean Air Act (42
U.S.C. §§ 7475, 7503, and 7661a); Section 402 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. § 1342); Section 3006 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (42 U.S.C. § 6926), and Section 1422 and Section 1425 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42
U.S.C. §§ 300h and 300h-4).
35
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Cross- Agency Strategies
36
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Cross- Agency Strategies
Cross-Agency Strategy 4: Strengthen Tribal, State, and Local Partnerships and
Enhance Engagement
Collaborate and engage effectively with Tribal Nations in keeping with the Federal
Government's trust responsibilities, state and local governments, regulated entities, and the
public to protect human health and the environment.
Protecting human health and the environment is a shared responsibility of EPA and its tribal, state,
and local government partners. With tribal governments, EPA also has a historic and fundamental
trust responsibility. Environmental outcomes are best achieved through collaborative and effective
partnerships across all levels of government, successful oversight of federally delegated programs,
and robust engagement with non-governmental organizations, national and community groups,
stakeholders, and the public, built on a foundation of public trust and transparency, including
through timely responses to information requests. Through a renewed focus on fostering
intergovernmental relationships, improving on-the-ground community engagement, delivering
high-impact environmental education programs, and increasing public trust and transparency, EPA
will forge stronger partnerships. As a result, EPA will be better positioned to advance durable
solutions to its most pressing challenges and ensure the equitable protection of all communities,
including those who have historically been underserved and overburdened.
Cross-Agency Strategy 4, Strengthen Tribal, State, and Local Partnerships and Enhance
Engagement is directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022
- 2026 EPA Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, consider tribal treaty rights as part of all EPA tribal consultations
that may affect tribal treaty rights.
• By September 30, 2026, eliminate the backlog of overdue Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA) responses, compared to the FY 2021 baseline of 1,056.
In light of the disproportionate impact of environmental pollution on Native Americans, EPA is
committed to strengthening its Nation-to-Nation relationship with American Indian and Alaska
Native Tribal Nations. EPA will strive to meet its federal trust responsibility and work to integrate
consideration of tribal treaty and reserved rights early into decision making and regulatory
processes.
The early, meaningful, and substantial involvement of EPA's co-regulator partners is critical to
the development, implementation, and enforcement of the Nation's environmental programs. With
a renewed focus on climate, environmental justice, and children's health, EPA will emphasize
frequent and early communication as a keystone of its partnership with tribal and state co-
regulators, since EPA must thoughtfully consider their concerns and existing regulatory programs
to develop effective and lasting solutions to our most pressing environmental challenges.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to support the Agency's web-based tribal Consultation
Opportunities Tracking System, a publicly accessible database used to communicate upcoming
and current EPA consultation opportunities to tribal governments. The system provides a
management, oversight, and reporting structure that helps ensure accountability and transparency.
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Cross- Agency Strategies
In addition, EPA will update key policies and guidances related to overseeing states'
implementation of federal environmental programs. These updates are intended to strengthen and
improve the Agency's oversight of federally delegated environmental programs.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to enhance transparency, build public trust in Agency actions, and
support public participation by strengthening its implementation of the Freedom of Information
Act (FOIA). EPA will improve its processing of FOIA requests, in particular, to address the
increasing complexity and volume of electronic documents required to be searched, collected, and
reviewed when responding to FOIA requests. The Agency will work to increase processing speed
and to apply appropriate technologies to ensure it supports the timely searching and collection of
information for purposes of responding to FOIA requests and other information needs in a cost-
effective and sustainable manner. In addition, EPA will procure and prepare to launch a new FOIA
recordkeeping and processing software solution to replace FOIAonline at the beginning of FY
2024.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Goal 1: Tackle the Climate Crisis
Cut pollution that causes climate change and increase the adaptive capacity of tribes, states,
territories, and communities.
Introduction
Climate change is a global issue that has far-reaching human health, social, economic, and
biodiversity impacts on our planet. It directly and adversely affects the United States. Climate
change is accelerating the frequency and severity of wildfires and extreme weather events, such as
hurricanes, floods, heat waves, and drought, and is altering sea temperature, ocean acidity, sea-
level, and other global systems that support human life and biodiversity. Climate change impacts
include famine, property loss, mass migrations, human conflict, species extinctions, and ecosystem
failures, with significant humanitarian, economic and national security implications. Certain
communities and individuals are particularly vulnerable to these impacts, including low-income
communities and communities of color, children, the elderly, tribes, and indigenous people.
The impacts of climate change challenge EPA's ability to accomplish its mission of protecting
human health and the environment because climate change can exacerbate existing pollution
problems and environmental stressors. EPA is working with other federal agencies to reduce
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase the climate resilience of the Nation, with a
particular focus on protecting and helping disadvantaged communities. Climate change is a global
issue, and domestic action must go hand in hand with international leadership. EPA will continue
to extend its expertise internationally, while learning from the expertise of others, to help shape
and advance international agreements and solutions.
In FY 2024, EPA will drive reductions in emissions that significantly contribute to climate change
through regulations on GHGs, climate partnership programs, and support to tribal, state, and local
governments. The Agency will accomplish this through the transformative investments in the
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment Jobs Act (IIJA), and our
base appropriation, which funds the core operating accounts of the Agency. In FY 2024 and
beyond, EPA will ensure its programs, policies, regulations, enforcement and compliance
assurance activities, and internal business operations consider current and future impacts of climate
change. EPA will consult and partner with tribes, states, territories, local governments and
communities, businesses, and other federal agencies to strengthen adaptive capacity. By engaging
with organizations representing overburdened and underserved communities, EPA will ensure its
GHG mitigation and adaptation activities address environmental justice and equity concerns for
all communities. Finally, EPA plans to implement international climate engagements that result in
an individual partner commitment or action to reduce GHG emissions, adapt to climate change,
and improve resilience in a manner that promotes equity. The FY 2024 President's Budget includes
$909.9 million and 1,467.8 FTE for Goal 1: Tackle the Climate Crisis. Importantly, this total
includes $5 million for additional administrative support to ensure the sound implementation of
the $27 billion Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund under the Inflation Reduction Act, which received
an administrative set aside of less than half of one percent in that appropriation.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Objective 1.1: Reduce Emissions that Cause Climate Change - Aggressively reduce the
emissions of greenhouse gases from all sectors while increasing energy and resource efficiency
and the use of renewable energy.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $679.4 million and 965.1 FTE for Objective 1.1. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, promulgate final rules to reduce GHG emissions from light duty,
medium-duty, and heavy-duty vehicles; electric utility generating units; and the oil and gas
industry.
• By September 30, 2026, EPA's climate partnership programs will reduce expected annual
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 545 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
(MMTC02e). EPA's climate partnership programs reduced 518.6 MMTC02e of annual
GHG emissions in 2019.
In FY 2024, EPA will drive significant reductions in the emissions that cause climate change
through regulation of GHGs; climate partnership programs such as ENERGY STAR; support for
tribal, state, and local governments; and publication of GHG emissions data. EPA regulations will
cut GHG pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, and HFCs. EPA will collaborate
closely with stakeholders to promote energy efficiency, renewable energy, and decarbonization of
the Nation's electric grid. By continuing the transition away from reliance on high-emitting fossil
fuels, EPA programs will cut GHG emissions from cars, trucks, homes, and businesses.
In the FY 2024 Budget, an additional $207.2 million and 119.8 FTE is provided to advance the
Agency's priority work to mitigate climate change. This includes activities such as issuance of
final rules to set new standards for light and medium-duty vehicles, development of a final rule to
set new GHG emission standards for Model Year (MY) 2030 and later heavy-duty vehicles, and
finalization of rulemakings proposed in FY 2023 under the American Innovation and
Manufacturing (AIM) Act.1 EPA will also finalize standards for new and existing facilities in the
oil and gas sector and rules to limit GHG emissions from new and existing sources in the power
sector. The additional funding will bolster implementation efforts related to the Agency's GHG
rulemakings (e.g., review of state plans to implement the oil and gas or power sector rulemakings).
Additional funding also is requested for EPA to update and enhance its infrastructure to track and
report on GHG reductions (e.g., revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program to require
reporting of methane emissions from the oil and gas sector, and enhanced reporting of emissions
from other U.S. industrial sectors).
Under the AIM Act of 2020, EPA will work with industry to phase down the production and import
of HFCs, which are commonly used in refrigerators, air conditioners, and in many other
applications. The AIM Act directs EPA to take steps to sharply reduce production and consumption
of these harmful GHG pollutants by using an allowance allocation and trading program. This
phasedown will decrease the production and import of HFCs in the United States by 85 percent
over the next 15 years. A global HFC phasedown is expected to avoid up to 0.5°C of global
warming by 2100. Within the additional request, $64.4 million and 24 FTE are requested to
1 For more information on the AIM Act, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/aim-act.
40
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Goal and Objective Overviews
implement provisions in the AIM Act to phase down the use of HFCs, to facilitate U.S. entry to
the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol, and to restore staff capacity around efforts to
tackle the climate crisis. For example, this investment includes resources to implement innovative
IT solutions, such as a QR system and database integration across EPA and Customs and Border
Patrol to help ensure that the phasedown is not undermined by illegal imports, as has happened in
Europe.
EPA finalized robust federal GHG emissions standards for passenger cars and light trucks to
secure pollution reductions through Model Year (MY) 2026. In FY 2024, EPA will promulgate a
final rulemaking for new multi-pollutant emissions standards, including for GHG emissions, for
light- and medium-duty vehicles beginning with MY 2027 and extending through and including at
least MY 2030. These standards will help transition the fleet to zero and near-zero emissions. In FY
2024, EPA also will promulgate a final rulemaking to establish new GHG emissions standards for
heavy-duty engines and vehicles. This rule will reduce GHG and other emissions from highway
heavy-duty vehicles, the second-largest source of transportation GHG emissions. EPA will ensure
additional GHG and air quality benefits by testing vehicles, engines, and fuels to certify that they
comply with federal clean air, GHG, and fuel economy standards. In FY 2024, EPA is requesting
an additional $52.5 million and 46.8 FTE for the development of analytical methods, regulations,
and analyses to support climate protection by controlling greenhouse gas emissions from light
duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty vehicles. The additional funding also invests in the
maintenance, repair and replacement of aging test equipment and infrastructure at the National
Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to work with other federal agencies to promote more sustainable
and resilient communities. This includes identifying and pursuing opportunities to reduce barriers
to deploying EV charging infrastructure and working with tribes, states, and communities to ensure
equitable distribution and thoughtful community integration of charging infrastructure, including
for electric buses and delivery and rideshare vehicles.
In meeting the requirements of Executive Order 13990: Protecting Public Health and the
Environment and Restoring Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis2 and as part of the
Administration's comprehensive approach to tackling the climate crisis, EPA will issue rules to
reduce CO2 and methane from power plants and oil and gas facilities. These rules will be informed
by robust engagement with tribes, states, communities, and regulated entities and by any guidance
from the judiciary.
Through voluntary partnership programs, EPA will work to incentivize energy efficiency and
further decarbonize the transportation, power generation, industrial, and building sectors. Some
examples of these programs include ENERGY STAR, Green Power Partnership, Natural Gas
STAR, AgSTAR, GreenChill, and SmartWay. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to implement these
climate partnership programs to improve delivery of energy efficiency, clean energy, and heat
mitigation solutions to historically underserved and overburdened communities. EPA also will
2 Executive Order 13990: Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis
(January 20,2021): https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/2Q/executive-order-protecting-
public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
continue domestic programs and international collaboration to reduce exposures to harmful
emissions from cookstoves.
EPA will continue to implement the U.S. GHG Reporting Program, which collects and publishes
data from more than 8,100 facilities from 41 large industrial source categories in the United States.
EPA will improve models of climate change impacts, including how risks and economic impacts
can be reduced under mitigation and adaptation scenarios. EPA will also continue to make the
Climate Change Indicators website more accessible through enhanced visualization.
In FY 2024, EPA will work to complete the annual Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Emissions and
Sinks,3 and to improve inventory methodologies in areas such as oil and gas, land-use, and waste,
consistent with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. EPA will also
meet upcoming Paris reporting requirements and create a new GHG emission calculator, linked to
Portfolio Manager, to develop building GHG inventories that fully comply with accounting
protocols and local mandates.
Objective 1.2: Accelerate Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts - Deliver
targeted assistance to increase the resilience of tribes, states, territories, and communities to the
impacts of climate change.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $134.9 million and 261.5 FTE for Objective 1.2. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, implement all priority actions in EPA's Climate Adaptation
Action Plan and the 20 National Program and Regional Climate Adaptation
Implementation Plans to account for the impacts of the changing climate on human health
and the environment.4
• By September 30, 2026, assist at least 400 federally recognized tribes to take action to
anticipate, prepare for, adapt to, or recover from the impacts of climate change.
• By September 30, 2026, assist at least 450 states, territories, local governments, and
communities, especially communities that are underserved and disproportionately at risk
from climate change, to take action to anticipate, prepare for, adapt to, or recover from the
impacts of climate change.
EPA will take necessary actions to anticipate, prepare for, and adapt to the impacts of climate
change to ensure EPA continues to fulfill its mission of protecting human health and the
environment even as the climate changes and disruptive impacts increase. It will also support the
development of climate adaptation strategies at the local level to advance the climate resilience of
tribes, states, territories, local governments, and communities across the Nation. EPA will actively
engage organizations representing overburdened and underserved communities that are more
vulnerable to climate impacts to ensure the Agency's adaptation plans reflect the principles of
environmental justice and equity. EPA's commitments are part of a whole-of-government
approach to pursue actions at home and abroad to avoid the most catastrophic impacts of climate
change.
3 https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks.
4 These plans are available at: https://www.epa.gov/climate-adaptation/climate-adaptation-plan.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to modernize its financial assistance programs to encourage
climate-resilient investments across the Nation. The Agency will focus on ensuring that the
outcomes of its investments are resilient to the impacts of climate change. In addition, EPA will
lead by example and prioritize climate resiliency investments across EPA-owned facilities. EPA
will conduct climate resiliency assessments at EPA-owned facilities, prioritize investments, and
initiate work on priority projects. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to pursue aggressive energy,
water, and building infrastructure improvements to advance the Agency's use of carbon pollution-
free electricity.
The FY 2024 Budget includes additional $45.3 million and 26.5 FTE for its work in the Climate
Adaptation Program. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to implement its 2021 Climate Adaptation
Action Plan as well as the 20 Climate Adaptation Implementation Plans developed by the Program
and Regional Offices in FY 2022 and updated in FY 2023. Each Program and Regional Office will
implement the priority actions identified in their Implementation Plans to address the five agency-
wide priorities from the 2021 EPA Climate Adaptation Action Plan. These strategies are informed
by the best available science and deliver co-benefits for mitigation of GHG and other pollution,
public health, economic growth and job creation, national security, and environmental justice - all
of which will be central to building a more resilient future. These actions will integrate climate
adaptation planning into Agency programs, policies, rulemaking processes, enforcement and
compliance assurance activities, financial mechanisms, and operations to ensure they are effective
even as the climate changes. EPA will leverage the additional resources and FTEs provided in FY
2024 to implement selected additional priority actions identified in program and regional Climate
Adaptation Implementation Plans. These additional actions will enhance the adaptive capacity and
resilience of states, tribes, territories, local governments, and communities by providing technical
assistance through the program and regional offices.
In FY 2024, EPA will provide targeted assistance to tribes and indigenous peoples, states,
territories, local governments, communities, and businesses to bolster these groups' climate
resilience efforts. The Agency will focus resources on communities with environmental justice
concerns to develop new strategies that strengthen adaptive capacity and increase climate
resilience across the Nation. The Agency will produce and deliver training, tools,
technical assistance, financial incentives, and information the agency's partners indicate they need
to adapt and to increase resilience to climate change.
All of the baseline and additional priority actions identified in the 20 Climate Adaptation
Implementation Plans support at least one of the three Long Term Performance Goals in Objective
1.2. The priority actions support EPA's efforts to continue to fulfill its mission even as the climate
changes and disruptive impacts increase. The additional resources also will be used to advance
climate justice through the provision of grants and technical assistance and protect communities
that are disproportionately affected by climate change.
Objective 1.3: Advance International and Subnational Climate Efforts - Collaborate with
tribal, state, local, and international partners and provide leadership on the global stage to
address climate change.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
The FY 2024 Budget includes $95.6 million and 241.2 FTE for Objective 1.3. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goal in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan.
• By September 30, 2026, implement at least 40 international climate engagements that result in
an individual partner commitment or action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, adapt
to climate change, or improve resilience in a manner that promotes equity.
Moving forward in addressing the climate crisis calls for international as well as domestic efforts.
EPA has an important role in helping countries respond to the climate crisis as well as in reducing
domestic climate impacts. Progress will require both significant short-term global reductions in
GHG emissions and net-zero global emissions by mid-century alongside increased and equitable
adaptation and resiliency to climate change impacts. EPA plays a critical role internationally in
providing technical expertise, guidance, and capacity building to help countries set and meet
ambitious GHG reductions, improving adaptive capacity, and strengthening climate governance.
Specifically, EPA international work will further the environmental governance of priority partner
countries so that they can implement and enforce effective climate mitigation activities and
incorporate environmental justice climate principles. Without basic governance infrastructure, it
is difficult for many countries to make progress on their Nationally Determined Contributions
under the Paris Agreement, opening the Agreement to criticism about lack of developing country
action on climate. EPA will enhance capacity building governance programs for priority countries
with increasing GHG footprints and increase their capacity to implement partnerships as well as
legislative, regulatory, and legal enforcement. These programs will also work to improve adaptive
capacity and mitigation strategies of pollution burdened, vulnerable and indigenous communities.
These efforts support Executive Order (EO) 14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and
Abroad,5 which directs federal agencies to develop plans for integrating climate considerations
into their international work, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law. Objective 1.3
fulfills EO 14008 by dedicating EPA expertise to help countries build capacity so they can set and
meet ambitious GHG reduction commitments under the Paris Agreement, while also building
resilience to current and future climate impacts. EPA's long-term aim is to implement at least 40
international climate engagements by 2026 that result in an individual partner commitment or
action to reduce GHG emissions, adapt to climate change, or improve resilience in a manner that
promotes equity.
As of January 2023, EPA had implemented 11 international climate engagements resulting in
individual partner commitments or actions as outlined in the long-term performance goal stated
above. In FY 2024 with additional resources, in anticipation of the G7 Summit in Italy, EPA would
collaborate with other Federal agencies to design and implement projects for the Partnership for
Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII) that conform to the values and climate policy
objectives of EO 14008. PGII was announced at the 2022 G7 Summit in Germany for the purpose
of mobilizing public and private investment in low-and-middle-income countries for
decarbonizing infrastructure and to support the Just Energy Transition Partnerships with individual
5 Executive Order 14008: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefiiig-room/presideiitial-actioiis/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-
tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
countries for the early decommissioning of coal-fired power plants and to attract private capital
investment in support of efforts to decarbonize national economies.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Goal 2: Take Decisive Action to Advance Environmental Justice and Civil Rights
Achieve tangible progress for historically overburdened and under served communities and
ensure the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color,
national origin, or income in developing and implementing environmental laws, regulations, and
policies.
Introduction
EPA will center its mission on the integration of environmental justice (EJ), equity, and civil rights
across the Nation's environmental protection enterprise. We will focus on all American
communities, those within the contiguous and non-contiguous states and all other territories and
protectorates of the United States. By doing so, EPA will advance the promise of clean air, clean
water, and safe land to communities across the country that have not fully benefitted from the
Nation's decades of progress. Centering its work on justice is especially important in an era when
EPA must simultaneously break the cycle of historic environmental injustices while maximizing
protection for these same communities that are too often hit worst and first from the impacts of a
changing climate. In the FY2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan, EPA added "justice and equity" to
the Agency's fundamental principles,*' as originally articulated by Administrator William
Ruckelshaus.
EPA's goal is to achieve measurable environmental, public health, and quality of life
improvements in the most overburdened, vulnerable, and underserved communities. Achieving
this goal will require significant transformation and mindfulness in how EPA understands and
conducts its work, including how EPA prioritizes program resources, stewards its relationships
with regulatory partners and recipients of EPA funds, implements statutory authorities, and
engages the communities most affected by environmental and public health threats, especially as
the climate changes. Critical to achieving this goal is for EPA to proactively engage with tribes,
states, and local governments to discuss and address disproportionate impacts through their
implementation of EPA authorities and engage in meaningful joint planning with communities to
advance community visions and priorities.
The vigorous enforcement of civil rights laws is also key to addressing systemic barriers and
ensuring recipients of EPA funding make more responsible and equitable siting and permitting
decisions. EPA's work on environmental justice and civil rights enforcement will be a success if
it leads to reductions in longstanding racial and ethnic disparities such as in levels of air pollutants
and exposure to toxins; access to clean and reliable water infrastructure, free of lead and other
toxins; and management of solid waste.
EPA will work to increase its capacity to tackle environmental justice and civil rights issues and
embed consideration of these issues in its programs, policies, and processes, all with the goal of
improving outcomes in environmental and health conditions for communities with environmental
justice concerns. The FY 2024 Budget includes $758.4 million and 1,181 FTE to advance Goal 2,
Take Decisive Action to Advance Environmental Justice and Civil Rights.
6 Follow the science, follow the law, and be transparent, and the additional fourth principle: advance justice and equity.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Objective 2.1: Promote Environmental Justice and Civil Rights at the Federal, Tribal,
State, and Local Levels - Empower and build capacity of underserved and overburdened
communities to protect human health and the environment.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $204.5 million and 357.6 FTE for Objective 2.1. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 Strategic
Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, all EPA programs that seek feedback and comment from the public
will provide capacity-building resources to communities with environmental justice
concerns to support their ability to meaningfully engage and provide useful feedback to
those programs.7
• By September 30, 2026, include commitments to address disproportionate impacts in all
written agreements between EPA and tribes and states (e.g., grant work plans)
implementing delegated authorities.8
• By September 30, 2026, EPA programs with direct implementation authority will take at
least 100 significant actions that will result in measurable improvements in Indian country.
• By September 30, 2026, all state recipients of EPA financial assistance will have
foundational civil rights programs in place.9
• By September 30, 2026, increase by 40% the number of Office of Research and
Development (ORD) activities related to environmental justice that involve or are
applicable to tribes, states, territories, local governments, and communities.10
EPA has the responsibility to make transformative progress on environmental justice and civil
rights at the tribal, state, and local levels through a whole-of-government approach that involves
communities as authentic partners. In FY 2024, EPA will continue support for community-led
action at new levels by providing unprecedented investments and benefits directly to communities
with environmental justice concerns as well as by integrating equity throughout all Agency support
programs. EPA will ensure that all relevant programs are actively supporting community efforts
to engage and influence program implementation and maximize the benefits from the investment
of resources to achieve meaningful change on the ground for the most impacted communities.
Supporting communities as they adapt to and recover from climate change is also part of this
commitment.
Critical to EPA's success in advancing equity and justice is the responsibility to financially support
the efforts of community members and organizations that provide EPA with opportunities to learn
from and engage with their communities. To meet this responsibility, EPA commits to establishing
the necessary policy and procurement mechanisms so that EPA is able to financially support
organizations and individuals who provide EPA with community engagement, input, educational
7 First year activities of this LTPG will focus on definition and scope of program participation and what qualifies as capacity-
building resources.
8 First year activities of this LTPG will focus on definition and scope of written agreements and what qualifies as addressing
disproportionate impacts.
9 For reference only, and as an example from a smaller subset of state recipients - EPA's proactive initiative involving
foundational civil rights programs of state agencies in Regions 1,5, and 7, which consisted of 14 state agencies, the baseline from
the proactive initiative in FY 2020 was 6.5%.
10 Baseline to be developed in FY 2022.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
opportunities, and other forms of community expertise. In addition, the Agency will take concrete
action to include the voices, experiences, and passions of the full diversity of the Nation in our
workforce, such as reaching out and bringing in diverse students on paid internships, fellowships,
and clerkships.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to work proactively to integrate environmental justice and civil
rights into policies and activities as a fundamental element of the Agency's relationships with
federal, state, and local partners to jointly achieve beneficial changes on the ground for
communities. EPA will invest in oversight, guidance, and assistance for states and local
governments to embed environmental justice into their programs and enhance civil rights
enforcement.
With the public engagement, partnerships, and environmental education investment of $24 million
and 24 FTE, EPA will establish and implement programs to improve its engagement, partnership,
and environmental education initiatives at the regional levels and across EPA, including increased
engagement with communities and Agency stakeholders and Justice40, an initiative identified in
Executive Order (EO) 14008, Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad.11 The additional
FTE and funding will support the Administrator on public engagement travel and his Journey to
Justice tours across the country to hear the environmental concerns of local communities. These
resources also will allow EPA to better coordinate and communicate around Justice40; Historically
Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Serving Institutions engagements; expansion of
public and private partnerships to reach out to a broader group of people; creation of a Youth
Engagement Council for environmental learning; and strengthened environmental education work
on the local level.
Equity principles and equal protection require that implementation of federal environmental law
protections be as robust inside Indian country as EPA requires these protections to be outside of
Indian country. EPA directly implements the majority of federal environmental programs in Indian
country where EPA seeks to apply key environmental justice principles, such as equity, meaningful
involvement, and fair treatment. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to ensure that direct
implementation activities are fully protective of communities and will advance environmental
justice for federally recognized tribes in keeping with the federal trust responsibility. With the
tribal strategic investment of $34.7 million and 166.9 FTE, an increase of $20 million and 88.3
FTE above the FY 2023 enacted, EPA will strengthen efforts to improve public health by reducing
disparities in compliance rates between Indian country and the national average through greater
agency support and leadership to EPA programs and regions for planning and measuring EPA
direct implementation actions in Indian country. In addition, EPA will implement the revised EPA
Tribal Consultation Policy and Implementation Guidance to improve consultation practices in
conformance with the Executive Order on Tribal Consultation and train EPA staff.
EPA will continue in FY 2024 its longstanding commitment to assist tribes in building the capacity
to receive delegated programs. In those instances when tribal governments are authorized to
implement federal programs, EPA supports tribal governments' inclusion of environmental justice
11 Executive Order 14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad (January 27, 2001), found at:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefiiig-room/presideiitial-actioiis/2021/01/27/executive-order-oii-tackliiig-the-climate-crisis-at-
home-and-abroad/.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
principles into their programs, community engagement, and decision-making processes, and is
committed to ensuring flexibilities in Indian General Assistance Program (GAP) funding for tribal
environmental program implementation. Integration of environmental justice principles into all
EPA activities with tribal governments and in Indian Country is designed to be flexible enough to
accommodate EPA tribal program activities and goals, while meeting EPA environmental justice
goals.
Objective 2.2: Embed Environmental Justice and Civil Rights in EPA Programs, Policies,
and Activities - Integrate environmental justice and civil rights in all the Agency's work to
maximize benefits and minimize impacts to underserved and overburdened communities.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $476.8 million and 575.1 FTE for Objective 2.2. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 Strategic
Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, reduce disparities in environmental and public health conditions
represented by the indicators identified through the FY 2022-2023 Agency Priority Goal.12
• By September 30, 2026, 80% of significant EPA actions with environmental justice
implications will clearly demonstrate how the action is responsive to environmental justice
concerns and reduces or otherwise addresses disproportionate impacts.13
• By September 30, 2026, all EPA programs that work in and with communities will do so
in ways that are community-driven, coordinated and collaborative, support equitable and
resilient community development, and provide for meaningful involvement and fair
treatment of communities with environmental justice concerns.14
• By September 30, 2026, all EPA programs and regions will identify and implement areas
and opportunities to integrate environmental justice considerations and achieve civil rights
compliance in their planning, guidance, policy directives, monitoring, and review
activities.
• By September 30, 2026, all EPA programs and regions will implement program and region-
specific language assistance plans.
• By September 30, 2026, all EPA programs and regions will implement program and region-
specific disability access plans.
Meeting these commitments to achieving change on the ground and accountability for such change
will be the ultimate measure of the Agency's success at advancing environmental justice, civil
rights, and equity, including the implementation of EO 13985, Advancing Racial Equity and
Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government, EO 14008, Tackling the
Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, and EO 14091, Further Advancing Racial Equity and Support
12 EPA will monitor progress through a holistic system that tracks the actions and responsibilities individual national programs
have identified to support reducing disparities through the implementation of their statutory authorities, coordinated efforts of
regulatory partners, support for community action, and other key actions.
13 First year activities of this LTPG will focus on definition and scope of significant EPA action and what qualifies as
environmental justice implications, responsiveness to community concerns, and addressing disproportionate impacts.
14 First year activities of this LTPG will focus on definition and scope of program participation and what qualifies as adoption of
the community-driven approach.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
for Under served Communities Through the Federal Government.15 These efforts include
incorporating feedback from communities with environmental justice concerns while analyzing
and addressing disproportionate impacts. The laws that Congress passed to guide EPA's work are
meant to apply to all Americans. EPA must not only better support community efforts to engage
with the Agency but also advance the Agency's ability to engage in community-driven work
through the regions and across all programs. EPA must implement the Civil Rights Act as equally
as environmental statutes.
The majority of the resources allocated for Objective 2.2 is devoted to the Environmental Justice
program with more than $370 million and 264.6 FTE requested in FY 2024. This includes an
important new investment of $71.2 million and 50 FTE to build out a cadre of staff to serve as EJ
Community Navigators, primarily through regional offices, to provide a more robust and broad
coverage of relationship building, awareness, and support directly from EPA to community leaders
and their local on-the-ground partners such as local governments, tribes, and academic institutions.
The EJ Community Navigators will be dedicated to developing and stewarding EPA's
relationships with these partners to ensure: awareness by other EPA programs of the needs of these
communities thus facilitating holistic responsiveness by the agency in deploying our programs,
resources, and staff; deploying EJ resources directly to these communities in a timely manner and
in ways that meet the needs of the communities; a much stronger ability to proactively connect
other forms of federal involvement and assistance from other agencies to leverage the multiple
resource streams needed to make meaningful progress on the complex and multifaceted challenges
faced by communities with EJ concerns.
In FY 2024, EPA will set ambitious goals of achieving meaningful change on the ground for
communities with environmental justice concerns; identify data gaps; build tracking systems; and
put in place any needed policy, guidance, or regulatory changes to achieve the goals. EPA also
will ensure that Agency plans include responsibility and measurable accountability for advancing
environmental justice, including the annual performance plans of key political, senior executive,
and general schedule staff. EPA will develop and commit to at least 10 measures of progress
towards achieving meaningful outcomes on the ground through the identification of indicators of
disparities with the goal of informing EPA policy and tracking reductions over time.
In FY 2024, EPA will establish policies to ensure that actions with major significance for
environmental justice and civil rights are responsive to the needs of communities, consider the
results of environmental justice analyses, and reflect recommendations from the National
Environmental Justice Advisory Council. EPA also will continue to ensure that all EPA programs
develop guidance on the use of environmental justice tools such as EJScreen and the Climate and
Economic Justice Screening Tool16 to support screening and analysis of program outcomes.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to leverage and coordinate its investments in communities and
collaborate with partners and other external stakeholders to advance comprehensive and strategic
15 Executive Order 13985: Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal
Government (January 20,2021), found at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefiiig-rooiii/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-
order-advancing-racial-equity-and-support-for-underserved-communities-through-the-federal-govemment/. Executive Order
14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad (January 27, 2021), found at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-
room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/.
16 For more information, please visit, https://screeningtool.geoplatform.goV/en/#3/33.47/-97.5.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
community-driven approaches. EPA will increase the number of programs that have fully
integrated the key principles of community work into their program implementation and will
continue to build on the number of collaborative partnerships centered on community priorities
primarily through an update and relaunch of EPA's comprehensive public involvement policy.
This effort will reestablish a consistent foundation defined by the updated policy to ensure that all
EPA program implementation efforts, with a particular focus on program deployment and policy
development, will be rooted in a comprehensive approach to meaningfully engaging impacted
communities.
EPA will continue to communicate requirements and expectations related to environmental justice
and civil rights to its employees through education, training, outreach, and technical assistance. In
particular, EPA will improve employees' awareness and understanding of civil rights enforcement
and strengthen intra-agency collaboration to identify whether recipient programs and activities are
abiding by civil rights laws or engaging in prohibited discrimination.
Objective 2.3: Strengthen Civil Rights Enforcement in Communities with Environmental
Justice Concerns - Strengthen enforcement of and compliance with civil rights laws to address
the legacy of pollution in overburdened communities.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $77.1 million and 248.3 FTE for Objective 2.3. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 Strategic
Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, initiate 45 proactive post-award civil rights compliance reviews
to address discrimination issues in environmentally overburdened and underserved
communities.
• By September 30, 2026, complete 305 audits to ensure EPA financial assistance recipients
are complying with nondiscrimination program procedural requirements.
• By September 30, 2026, complete 84 information sharing sessions and outreach and
technical assistance events with overburdened and underserved communities and
environmental justice advocacy groups on civil rights and environmental justice issues.
To address the legacy of pollution in overburdened communities that results from discriminatory
actions, whether direct or indirect, intentional or unintentional, EPA must use the full extent of its
authority and resources to enforce federal civil rights laws. EPA is required to enforce federal civil
rights laws that prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin (including
limited English proficiency), disability, gender, and age, in programs or activities that receive
Agency financial assistance. To ensure EPA's financial assistance is not being used in a manner
that discriminates and subjects already overburdened communities to further harm, EPA must
support and promote a robust and mature external civil rights compliance program for execution
of EPA responsibilities and to provide a strong partner to its environmental justice program.
EPA is committed to enforcing compliance with federal civil rights laws to address historical and
systemic barriers that contribute to the environmental injustice, overburdening, and vulnerability
of communities. In FY 2024, EPA proposes to invest $31.5 million and 143.6 FTE, an increase of
$18.6 million and 77.2 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted level, in the external civil rights program
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Goal and Objective Overviews
to continue to build capacity to improve oversight and enforcement of civil rights compliance and
prioritize and advance EJ concerns. The additional FTE will support activities including
investigations into claims of discrimination in communities and pre-award and post-award
compliance activities. It is critical that, in addition to increasing the FTE for the external civil rights
work done in headquarters, there be a significant increase in FTE for the regional offices
specifically targeted to external civil rights work. The regional offices provide critical support to
external civil rights investigations and resolutions.
In FY 2024, EPA will take actions that will address permitting decisions found to be discriminatory
by EPA financial assistance recipients. Through investigations and informal resolution
agreements, EPA will address discriminatory disparities in exposure to pollutants and toxins in
order to advance access to clean air, water and land and health protection. EPA will increase the
number of affirmative compliance reviews targeting discrimination in critical environmental
health and quality of life impacts in overburdened communities. The Agency will issue important
policy guidance to clarify recipients' civil rights obligations and improve compliance through
technical assistance deliveries. Further, EPA will increase the timeliness and effectiveness of
complaint investigations and resolutions. In FY 2024, EPA will increase the number of meaningful
engagements with overburdened communities and environmental justice groups on civil rights and
environmental justice issues.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Goal 3: Enforce Environmental Laws and Ensure Compliance
Improve Compliance with the Nation's environmental laws and hold violators accountable.
Introduction
A robust compliance monitoring and enforcement program is necessary to ensure communities
receive the environmental and human health benefits intended by environmental statutes and
EPA's regulations. EPA regulates more than 1.2 million facilities subject to a variety of
environmental statutes that protect human health and the environment. Likewise, EPA regulates a
wide range of products, from automobiles to pesticides. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to work
cooperatively with tribes, states, territories, and other federal agencies to improve compliance with
environmental laws and statutes. EPA will continue to collaborate with tribes in Indian country,
by both directly implementing compliance monitoring and enforcement programs and supporting
and overseeing tribal implementation of approved programs. In FY 2024, EPA will provide $757.1
million and 3,353.6 FTE to strengthen compliance with the Nation's environmental laws and hold
violators accountable under Goal 3: Enforce Environmental Laws and Ensure Compliance.
In FY 2024, EPA will collaborate with tribes, states, territories, and other federal agencies to focus
federal enforcement resources on the most serious environmental problems where noncompliance
with environmental statutes and regulations is a significant contributing factor and where federal
enforcement can have a significant impact on the Nation's air, water, and land. The Agency will
continue to identify a small number of key areas, called National Enforcement and Compliance
Initiatives, where EPA focuses attention on the most significant, widespread environmental
problems.
In FY 2024, the Agency is requesting an increase of $22.6 million and 38.4 FTE above the FY
2023 enacted to continue rebuilding the inspector cadre, which is EPA's highest enforcement
priority. A robust inspection program, including compliance and enforcement actions, is essential
to advancing the promise of clean air, land, and water to the many communities across the country
that have not received the full benefits from the Nation's decades of progress. Dedicated staff that
can identify public health concerns and environmental regulatory violations are critical to protect
communities that are underserved or disproportionately harmed by pollution. EPA's inspection
programs have faced substantial resource challenges for over a decade, leading to a loss of Agency
expertise and a decline in the numbers of inspections. To meet EPA's environmental justice goals
and its mission to protect human health and the environment, EPA must rebuild and strengthen its
inspection program by hiring and training new and existing inspectors, including in-person basic
inspector trainings and travel funding for the trainings for the following programs: Clean Air Act;
Safe Drinking Water Act; Clean Water Act; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, & Rodenticide Act; and Toxic Substances Control Act. Additionally,
funding is needed to purchase health and safety equipment and inspection monitoring equipment.
Travel funding for inspections also is essential to get inspectors into the field.
In addition, EPA will focus on vulnerable communities and those facing substantial burdens from
environmental noncompliance. In these areas, EPA will increase inspections, prioritize
enforcement cases, identify remedies with tangible benefits for harmed communities, and increase
engagement with communities about enforcement cases. In FY 2024, EPA also will target
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Goal and Objective Overviews
compliance monitoring in overburdened and underserved communities with environmental justice
concerns. EPA will continue to initiate enforcement actions to protect against children's health
hazards in areas such as exposure to lead paint, the presence of lead and other contaminants in
drinking water, and particulate air emissions with the potential to aggravate asthma.
The Agency will address climate change by directing resources to ensure effective enforcement
responses for those sources with noncompliant emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), develop
remedies that are consistent with GHG mitigation and climate resilience goals, and pursue
violators of the Renewable Fuel Standard. In addition, EPA requests an additional $12.1million
and 26.8 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted to enforce against the illegal importation, distribution,
and use within the United States of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are chemicals with potent
global warming potential, under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act.17
In FY 2024, an increase of $5.6 million and 6.5 FTE will support efforts to investigate and identify
releases of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the air, land, and water by actively
investigating under RCRA, TSCA, CWA, SDWA, and CAA at the yet-unknown number of
processing facilities, waste disposal facilities, and federal facilities where PFAS are suspected of
contaminating various environmental media. PFAS released into the environment may present an
urgent public health and environmental threat. EPA will continue to investigate releases, address
imminent and substantial endangerment situations, and prevent exposure to PFAS, under multiple
environmental statutes. OECA has been stretching its base Superfund (SF) & EPM resources to
(1) issue corporate-wide information requests and analyze responses, (2) create site profiles and
information databases on specific facilities, (3) obtain site-specific data, and (4) use administrative
and judicial authorities to require sampling and other response actions.
EPA will continue implementing the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act,18
coordinated by EPA's Evidence Act officials. The Agency will expand its evidence-based
compliance program through projects developed under OECA's compliance learning agenda,
which systematically identifies the most important evidence the Agency needs to gather and
generate to advance its compliance goals, and ensure the Agency uses high quality data and other
information to inform policy and decision making.
Objective 3.1: Hold Environmental Violators and Responsible Parties Accountable - Use
vigorous and targeted civil and criminal enforcement to ensure accountability for violations and
to clean up contamination.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $438.6 million and 2,444.1 FTE for Objective 3.1. This objective
is directly supported by the following long-term performance goal in the FY 2022 - 2026 Strategic
Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, reduce to not more than 93 the number of open civil judicial cases
more than 2.5 years old without a complaint filed.19
17 For more information on the AIM Act, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/aim-act.
18 Full-text of the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 may be found at:
https://www.c0ngress.g0v/bill/l 15th-congress/house-bill/4174/text.
19 For comparison, there were 129 cases more than 2.5 years old without a complaint filed as of June 30, 2018. The number of
cases fluctuates and is therefore difficult to predict how many cases will "age in" in a given year. EPA reduces the number of
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Enforcement is essential to ensuring that everyone is protected by the Nation's environmental laws
and regulations. EPA strives to not only return violators to compliance but also obtain timely relief
needed to address the underlying causes of the violations, to prevent reoccurrence, and, in
appropriate cases, mitigate the harm to the communities impacted by noncompliance. EPA uses
administrative enforcement and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), where appropriate, in the
environmental enforcement context and plans to deploy ADR to new Superfund and External Civil
Rights projects. In FY 2024, EPA will invest an additional $1.3 million and 4.1 FTE for a total of
$3.1 million and 10.0 FTE to the ADR Program to promote equity by including underserved
communities in negotiations.
Civil Enforcement
The overall goal of EPA's Civil Enforcement Program is to maximize compliance with the
Nation's environmental laws and regulations to protect human health and the environment. In FY
2024, EPA requests $245.9 million and 1,041.7 FTE, an increase of $36.7 million and 43.6 FTE
above the FY 2023 enacted, to support civil enforcement efforts. EPA will encourage regulated
entities to correct violations rapidly, ensure that violators do not realize an economic benefit from
noncompliance, pursue enforcement to deter future violations, and continue to strengthen
environmental partnerships with tribes, states, and other federal agencies. The additional resources
will enhance EPA's ability to incorporate environmental justice and climate change considerations
into all phases of case development. To protect public health and ensure that private, public, and
federal facilities are held to the same standard, EPA will rebuild and train headquarters and
regional inspectors to inspect more facilities in the large public, private, and federal facility
universe. In addition, EPA will continue to improve its sampling capability to identify regulatory
violations. These resources are needed recognizing the complexity of many facilities and the
inspections needed to identify the range of potential contamination. EPA will pursue enforcement
actions at public, private, and federal facilities where significant violations are discovered to
protect the health of surrounding communities. Lastly, EPA will provide technical and scientific
support to tribes, states, and territories with authorized programs.
In FY 2024, EPA is requesting an additional $3.4 million and 7.0 FTE to enforce the Coal
Combustion Residuals (CCR) rule. The CCR Program ensures that coal ash disposal units
(landfills and surface impoundments) do not present dangerous structural stability issues (such as
those that led to the catastrophic 2008 Kingston, Tennessee coal ash disaster) that could put
surrounding communities in harm's way. These resources will augment the work the Agency has
already started, i.e., analyzing groundwater monitoring data and the corrective action and closure
efforts of facilities to determine whether facilities are complying with the regulatory requirements
and adequately addressing coal ash disposal risks.
EPA has been working to improve the processes associated with enforcement actions to move
more quickly in protecting the environment. To reduce the time that a facility is in violation of an
environmental standard, EPA has a FY 2026 long-term performance goal (LPTG) to reduce to no
more than 93 the number of open civil judicial cases more than 2.5 years old without a complaint
older cases using a number of different tools. For example, sometimes the United States government needs to file a complaint in
order to make progress in resolving a case; other times, it needs to drop a claim or shift its injunctive relief or penalty demand
because of litigation risk.
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filed. In FY 2022, EPA reduced that number to 65, surpassing the FY 2026 LPTG. EPA will
continue to build upon this success to further improve upon our accomplishments in FY 2024 and
beyond.
Criminal Enforcement
EPA's Criminal Enforcement Program enforces the Nation's environmental laws through targeted
investigation of criminal conduct committed by individual and corporate defendants who threaten
public health and the environment. EPA's Criminal Enforcement Program plays a critical role
across the country supporting tribes, states, and territories that may have limited capacity to
investigate and prosecute environmental crimes. In FY 2024, the Agency requests $75.1 million
and 296 FTE, an increase of $4.4 million and 26.7 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted, to support the
Criminal Enforcement Program by targeting investigations on the most egregious environmental
cases.
Superfund Enforcement
In FY 2024, the Superfund Enforcement program will transition from using annual appropriations
to funding activities and staff through Superfund tax receipts. Resources are expected to be at an
equivalent level. The Program will continue to facilitate prompt site cleanup. EPA uses an
"enforcement first" approach before turning to taxpayer dollars to fund cleanups, by maximizing
Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) involvement at Superfund sites. The Superfund Enforcement
Program works to ensure that viable and liable PRPs pay to clean up sites and seeks to recover
costs if EPA expends Superfund dollars to clean up sites. These enforcement efforts allow the
Trust Fund to be used at those sites that have no funding source other than government resources
and have no other means of cleanup. Thus, Superfund enforcement efforts ensure that Superfund
sites are cleaned up in a timely manner in addition to getting more sites cleaned up than would be
possible using only government funds. With the availability of Superfund tax receipts in FY 2024,
EPA plans to use these resources to support traditional Superfund Enforcement efforts and to place
greater emphasis towards implementing Agency initiatives like Environmental Justice, PFAS, and
Lead. In addition, EPA will ensure we provide DOJ essential funding to support Agency efforts,
complete negotiations quicker, provide additional training, and provide greater regional support
towards PRP searches and other counseling work.
Objective 3.2: Detect Violations and Promote Compliance - Ensure high levels of compliance
with federal environmental laws and regulations through effective compliance tools - including
inspections, other monitoring activities, and technical assistance supported by evidence and
advanced technologies.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $318.5 million and 909.5 FTE for Objective 3.2. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 Strategic
Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, send 75% of EPA inspection reports to facilities within 70 days
of inspection.20
20 For comparison, 46% of inspection reports were sent within 70 days of inspection at the end of FY 2018.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
• By September 30, 2026, conduct 55% of annual EPA inspections at facilities that affect
communities with potential environmental justice concerns.21
Compliance Monitoring
Effectively focusing compliance monitoring, including inspections in overburdened and
underserved communities with environmental justice concerns, plays a critical role in achieving
the goals EPA has set forth for protecting human health and the environment. Achieving high rates
of compliance with environmental laws and regulations requires the use of a wide range of
compliance tools, including compliance monitoring. Through its ongoing process of selecting
National Enforcement and Compliance Initiatives in collaboration with tribes, states, and
territories, EPA will focus its work on critical areas of noncompliance. In FY 2024, EPA will
advance its efforts to address climate change mitigation and adaptation issues through directing of
inspections, compliance monitoring, and technical assistance to sources with the most potential for
noncompliant emissions of greenhouse gases.
EPA will continue to emphasize the importance of providing facilities with a completed inspection
report in a timely manner notifying the facility of any potential compliance issues. In FY 2024,
EPA is requesting a total of $3.3 million and 3.0 FTE to expand software solutions for field
inspectors to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of compliance inspections conducted by
EPA and authorized states. Smart Tools software allows EPA to use its compliance monitoring
resources more efficiently and to make inspection reports more available to regulated entities and
to the public in affected communities.
In FY 2024, EPA is requesting a total of $3.1 million and 1.0 FTE to support the Agency's
Compliance Advisor Program (previously called Circuit Riders Program), which reduces
noncompliance at small public water systems (PWSs) and small wastewater treatment facilities
(WWTFs) by providing hands-on technical assistance. To date, Compliance Advisors have
provided support to approximately 199 small PWSs and 63 WWTFs in under-resourced
communities nationwide. Hundreds more small systems and facilities across the Nation need
technical support to help them achieve and stay in compliance and provide clean and safe water to
the communities they serve.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue its implementation of the Evidence Act by continuing its work on
the "Drinking Water Systems Out of Compliance" learning priority area of EPA's Learning
Agenda. EPA also will expand its ongoing work with tribes, states, and academic experts to
develop and implement OECA's compliance learning agenda: prioritizing the most pressing
programmatic questions; conducting evidence-based studies to address these questions; and
identifying effective and innovative approaches for improving compliance.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue the data system modernization effort to better support tribes, states,
local governments, federal partners, and the public's need for information with modernized
technology and it will implement EPA's enterprise-wide Digital Strategy with shared IT services.
For example, EPA is requesting an increase of $22.9 million and 5.0 FTE to modernize the
Agency's enforcement and compliance assurance data systems. These resources will complement
those provided to EPA under the Inflation Reduction Act that are targeted for improving
21 The baseline for this measure is 27% based on average of FY 2017 - FY 2019.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
enforcement technology, inspection software, and other related purposes. Modernization will
facilitate EPA's efforts to better target noncompliance that impacts overburdened and vulnerable
communities and will increase the availability of information about environmental conditions in
those communities and elsewhere.
Through the State Review Framework, EPA periodically reviews authorized state compliance
monitoring and enforcement programs for Clean Air Act (CAA) Stationary Sources, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Hazardous Waste facilities, and the Clean Water Act
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) dischargers. This review is conducted
using criteria agreed upon by states to evaluate performance against national compliance
monitoring or enforcement program standards. When states do not achieve standards, the Agency
works with them to make progress. However, EPA may take a lead implementation role when
authorized states have a documented history of failure to make progress toward meeting national
standards. In total, EPA provides $165.3 million and 520.4 FTE to detect violations and promote
compliance with environmental laws, an increase of $50.9 million and 41.5 FTE above the FY
2023 enacted budget.
Categorical Grants: Pesticides Enforcement
In FY 2024, EPA is requesting a total of $25.6 million funding cooperative agreements to support
state and tribal compliance and enforcement activities under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The resources will be used to rebuild programmatic capabilities
between EPA and partner agencies; provide vital training programs to EPA, state, territory, and
tribal partners; and help address environmental justice concerns in overburdened and vulnerable
communities.
Categorical Grants: Toxic Substances Compliance
In FY 2024, EPA is requesting a total of $6.9 million to continue focusing on compliance
monitoring programs to prevent or eliminate unreasonable risks to health or the environment
associated with chemical substances such as asbestos, lead-based paint, and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), and to encourage states to establish their own compliance and enforcement
programs for lead-based paint and asbestos.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Goal 4: Ensure Clean and Healthy Air for All Communities
Protect human health and the environment from the harmful effects of air pollution.
Introduction
All people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income deserve to breathe clean air outside
and indoors, and it is especially important to protect the health of vulnerable and sensitive
populations including children and persons adversely affected by persistent poverty or inequality.
Numerous scientific studies have linked air pollution and specific pollutants to a variety of health
problems and environmental impacts. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of certain air
pollutants is associated with increased risk of cancer, premature mortality, and damage to the
immune, neurological, reproductive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Levels of harmful
air pollutants have continued to decline even as the economy has grown significantly over the long
term. Between 1970 and 2021, the combined emissions of six key pollutants dropped by 78
percent, while the U.S. economy remained strong - growing 292 percent over the same period.22
Yet poor air quality still affects millions of people across the country, affecting near- and long-
term health and quality of life. EPA will continue to build on its historic progress and work to
assure clean air for all Americans, with a particular focus on those in underserved and
overburdened communities.
In FY 2024, EPA will work to ensure clean and healthy air for all communities by reducing
emissions of ozone-forming pollutants, particulate matter, and air toxics. In the FY 2024 Budget,
EPA is requesting an investment of $132.5 million and 33 FTE to modernize the Nation's air
quality and radiation monitors and to make their supporting information systems more reliable and
resilient in emergencies, such as wildfires and radiation events, and better able to produce near
real-time data to assess and communicate exposure risks to vulnerable populations. EPA also will
work to address high-risk indoor air quality pollutants in homes, schools, and workplaces. The
Agency will rely on proven approaches including innovative market-based techniques, public and
private-sector partnerships, community-based approaches, regulatory and technical assistance
programs that promote environmental stewardship, public education, and programs that encourage
adoption of cost-effective technologies and practices. Understanding that many sources of air
pollutants also are sources of greenhouse gases (GHG), the Agency will look to control strategies
that can reduce both air pollution and mitigate the impacts of climate change. In the FY 2024
Budget, $1,402 billion and 2,207.0 FTE are allocated to Goal 4 to advance EPA efforts in
protecting human health and the environment from the harmful effects of air pollution.
Objective 4.1: Improve Air Quality and Reduce Localized Pollution and Health Impacts -
Reduce air pollution on local, regional, and national scales to achieve healthy air quality for
people and the environment.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $1,242 billion and 1,833.2 FTE for Objective 4.1. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, reduce ozone season emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from
electric power generation sources by 21% from the 2019 baseline of 390,354 tons.
22 For additional information, please visit: https://gispub.epa.gov/air/trendsreport/2022/
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Goal and Objective Overviews
• By September 30, 2026, improve measured air quality in counties not meeting the current
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) from the 2016 baseline by 10%.
• By September 30, 2026, strive to ensure all people with low socio-economic status (SES)
live in areas where the air quality meets the current fine particle pollution (PM2.5) National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
• By September 30, 2026, ensure U.S. consumption of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
is less than 76.2 tons per year of ozone depletion potential.23
In FY 2024, EPA will work collaboratively with tribal and state air agencies to maintain and
improve the Nation's air quality. EPA will focus particularly on advancing environmental justice
by engaging with local communities that have been historically underserved on key activities
including technical assistance, regulation development, and financial assistance. In FY 2024,
$366.7 million and 1079.7 FTE are allocated to the Federal Support for Air Quality Management
Program to implement climate and clean air regulations and programs, which is an increase of
$207.6 million and 200.4 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted. This includes resources for activities
such as supporting the NAAQS review and implementation work, taking timely action on State
Implementation Plans (SIPs) to reduce the SIP backlog, and environmental justice activities. This
also includes additional resources for modernizing the Nation's ambient air monitoring network
and for supporting community-scale monitoring.
Taking into account the most current research findings on health effects and changing conditions
from a warming climate, EPA will continue to review the NAAQS and make revisions, as
appropriate. Specifically, the President directed EPA to review the 2020 Particulate Matter (PM)
NAAQS and the 2020 Ozone NAAQS.24 EPA will work to improve air quality in areas not in
attainment with the NAAQS, including assisting tribes and states in developing Clean Air Act-
compliant SIPs. EPA will continue reviewing regional haze SIPs, working closely with states to
improve visibility in the country's national parks and wilderness areas.
EPA will reduce air pollution by focusing on the transportation sector's largest contributors to criteria
pollutant and GHG emissions: light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). EPA
will continue to work to ensure that Clean Air Act requirements are met for new transportation
projects with heavy-duty diesel traffic, such that they do not worsen air quality near communities
with environmental justice concerns. The Agency will collaborate with a broad range of
stakeholders to develop targeted, sector-based, and place-based strategies for diesel fleets,
including school buses, ports, and other goods movement facilities.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to operate nationwide and multi-state programs, such as the Acid
Rain Program (ARP) and the Cross-State Air Pollution Rules (CSAPR), that address major global,
national, and regional air pollutants from the power sector and other large stationary sources. EPA
also will work on several regulatory actions related to criteria air pollutants, air toxics, and GHG
pollution from power plants. EPA has made significant progress in reducing emissions from power
plants through the ARP and CSAPR. Together, as of2021, the Programs delivered a 94% reduction
23 The U.S. HCFC consumption baseline is 15,240 ODP-weighted metric tons effective as of January 1, 1996.
24 Executive Order 13990: Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis
(January 20,2021): https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-
public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
of sulfur dioxide and a 85% reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions from 1990 levels. For FY 2021,
there has been 100% compliance for power plants in the ARP and CSARP allowance trading
programs.25
As part of a forward-looking air toxics strategy, EPA will address regulatory and emerging issues
and improve access to air toxics data. The Agency will continue implementing an approach that
develops and shares air toxics data faster and more regularly to the public, allowing for increased
transparency and the ability to see trends and risks over time. By 2024, EPA will continue reporting
the most current air toxics data each year in the annual Air Trends Report and an online interactive
tool, instead of the previous three to four-year cycle for reporting air toxics data, and providing
that data at an increased spatial resolution.
EPA will continue to protect and restore the stratospheric ozone layer by reducing the use,
emission, import, and production of ozone-depleting substances in the U.S. By 2026, U.S.
consumption of HCFCs, chemicals that deplete the Earth's protective ozone layer, will be less than
76.2 tons per year of ozone depletion potential compared to the 2015-2019 target of 1,520 tons per
year. As a result of global action to phase out ozone-depleting substances, the ozone layer is
expected to recover to its pre-1980 levels by mid-century. As a Party to the Montreal Protocol, the
U.S. must incrementally decrease HCFC consumption and production, culminating in a complete
HCFC phaseout in 2030. These reductions in consumption and production help protect the
stratospheric ozone layer, which shields all life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolent (UV)
radiation. Scientific evidence demonstrates that ozone depleting substances used around the world
destroy the stratospheric ozone layer, which raises the incidence of skin cancer, cataracts, and other
illnesses through overexposure to increased levels of UV radiation. Under the American
Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act, EPA will continue to phase down the production and
consumption of hydrofluorocarbons, review and list alternatives that are safer for the ozone layer,
as well as facilitate the transition to next-generation technologies.
EPA also will seek to address air quality challenges presented by wildfires. Wildfire smoke can
make up approximately 30 percent of total PM2.5 emissions in some regions of the U.S.,
aggravating heart and lung disease and causing premature death. In FY 2024, EPA requests
additional resources for air monitoring and will continue to support work that will identify, predict,
and communicate where smoke events are occuring, especially for overburdened and underserved
communities impacted by wildfire issues. EPA also requests $7 million for Wildfire Smoke
Preparedness Grants, a competitive grant funding to be awarded to tribes, states, public pre-
schools, local educational agencies, and non-profit organizations to better prepare buildings for
wildfire smoke.
The Agency will continue to develop and make available the necessary technical data and tools to
support air quality planning and environmental justice analyses, such as AirNow, the Air Quality
System, and the National Emissions Inventory. The Agency also will develop new and enhanced
applications of environmental justice analytics to inform how power sector rules can mitigate
impacts on overburdened communities. This effort will include modeling of power sector
emissions down to the county level as well as improved representation of fine particulate matter
25 For additional information, please visit: http://www3.epa.gov/airmarkets/progressreports/index.html.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
that includes toxic heavy metals. EPA also will continue to test, evaluate, and refine draft tools for
incorporating environmental justice considerations into EPA-issued permits and ensure
opportunities for meaningful public involvement in the permit process. Early and meaningful
dialogue between a permit applicant and a community is especially important in communities that
have historically been underrepresented in the permitting process or that potentially bear a
disproportionate burden of an area's pollution to promote environmental justice. Providing specific
information about the pollution and related health impacts of a permit action may alleviate
community's concerns about the facility or educate the public about other sources of exposure.
Objective 4.2: Reduce Exposure to Radiation and Improve Indoor Air - Limit unnecessary
radiation exposure and achieve healthier indoor air quality, especially for vulnerable populations.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $160.1 million and 373.7 FTE for Objective 4.2. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goal in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, prevent 2,250 lung cancer deaths annually through lower radon
exposure as compared to the FY 2020 baseline of 1,684 prevented lung cancer deaths.
To improve indoor air and reduce exposure to radiation, EPA leads programs that educate the
public about radiation and indoor air quality concerns, including radon, asthma triggers, and poor
ventilation. These programs promote public action to reduce potential risks in homes, schools, and
workplaces. Because Americans spend most of their time indoors, where pollutant levels are often
significantly higher than outdoors, poor indoor air quality is a major health concern. For example,
radon is a leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for 21,000 lung cancer deaths annually. Nearly
24 million Americans have asthma, and low-income, communities of color suffer
disproportionately. Indoor allergens and irritants play a significant role in making asthma worse
and triggering asthma attacks. These concerns have been heightened during the past two years of
the COVID pandemic, when people have had to spend more time indoors, elevating the importance
of effective ventilation.
To better address these human health risks from indoor air and radiation, the FY 2024 Budget
includes $5.3 million with 12.4 FTE for the Indoor Air Radon Program and $47.6 million with
71.4 FTE for the Reducing Risks from Indoor Air Program. EPA will continue programs to reduce
exposures to radon through home testing and mitigation, promote in-home asthma management,
improve air quality in homes and schools, and build capacity for tribes and communities across
the country to comprehensively address indoor air risks.
In-home asthma management is a critical component of asthma care, particularly in low-income
populations. EPA, in partnership with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) through the Federal Asthma Disparities
Action Plan, will support state Medicaid Programs and private health plans to pay for in-home
asthma interventions through reimbursement mechanisms26. In addition, EPA will reduce asthma
disparities for low-income people and communities of color by supporting public health and
housing organizations to train community health workers to deliver in-home asthma interventions
26 For more information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/asthma/coordinated-federal-action-plan-reduce-racial-and-ethiiic-
a sthma-di spari ties
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and care. In FY 2024, EPA is measuring delivery of technical assistance, tools, and grants to equip
community-based programs and the organizations that support them to deliver evidence-based,
comprehensive asthma care.
In FY 2024, EPA will collaborate with public and private sector organizations to provide clear and
verifiable protocols and specifications for promoting good indoor air quality and support adoption
of these protocols and specifications into existing healthy, energy efficiency, and green building
programs and initiatives to promote healthy buildings for a changing climate. EPA also will equip
the housing sector with guidance to promote the adoption of these best practices with the aim of
creating healthier, more energy efficient homes, including for low-income families. EPA also will
equip school leaders to make science-based decisions and implement sustainable ventilation,
filtration and other indoor air quality improvements for healthy school environments. To reduce
the high public health risks from exposure to indoor radon, EPA will co-lead the National Radon
Action Plan, a multisector public-private coalition committed to eliminating avoidable radon-
induced lung cancer in the U.S. and addressing radon as a health equity challenge. EPA will
continue to provide State Indoor Radon Grant funding and technical assistance to tribes and states,
with a focus on increasing access to testing and mitigation in underserved communities. This work
supports the Administration's Cancer Moonshot Initiative.
EPA responds to radiological emergencies; conducts essential national and regional radiological
response planning and training; and develops response plans for radiological incidents or
accidents. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to fill gaps in the expertise that is critical for essential
preparedness work, restoring critical capacity to meet EPA's core mission. EPA will maintain
personnel expertise, capabilities, and equipment readiness of the radiological emergency response
program under the National Response Framework and the National Contingency Plan, including
the Agency's Radiological Emergency Response Team. EPA also is requesting additional funding
of $1.7 million and 3.4 FTE in the FY 2024 Budget to supports efforts to restore EPA's staff
expertise, analysis, and capacity in the Indoor Air Radon Program in order to better lead the federal
government's response to radon and to implement the Agency's own multi-pronged radon
program. EPA will provide oversight of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, including review of the
U.S. Department of Energy's plans for additional waste panels and surplus plutonium disposal, to
ensure safe long-term disposal of radioactive waste and the continued cleanup of nuclear weapons
program legacy sites.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Goal 5: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Provide clean and safe water for all communities and protect our Nation's waterbodies from
degradation.
Introduction
Clean and safe water is a vital resource essential to the protection of human health and is a
foundation for supporting healthy communities and a thriving economy. The United States has
made great progress over the past 50 years protecting and restoring water resources through
legislation such as the Clean Water Act (CWA), Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and Marine
Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA). As of January 2023, approximately 85
percent of the public water systems (e.g., 2,988 out of 3,508) with health-based violations as of
the end of FY 2017 have returned to compliance. While progress is being made to bring systems
into compliance, it is clear that the Nation still faces significant barriers and challenges to ensuring
access to clean and safe water for communities. This is particularly the case regarding safe and
clean water, as well as impacts from aging infrastructure, legacy lead pipes, cybersecurity threats,
climate change, and emerging contaminants of concern. These challenges are distributed
unequally, and tens of thousands of homes, primarily in tribal communities and the territories,
currently lack access to basic sanitation and drinking water and experience higher pollution levels.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to work with its tribal, federal, state, and nongovernmental partners
to advance science, to provide clean and safe water for all communities, and to protect our Nation's
waterbodies from degradation. The FY 2024 Budget includes $6,373 billion and 3,271.5 FTE for
Goal 5, Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities. This investment will complement
resources provided in the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 (IIJA) and
expand the Agency's capacity to protect human health and the environment across the Nation.
Objective 5.1: Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure - Protect
public health from the risk of exposure to regulated and emerging contaminants in drinking and
source waters by improving the reliability, accessibility, and resilience of the Nation's water
infrastructure to reduce the impacts of climate change, structural deterioration, and cyber threats.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $4,620 billion and 1,391.7 FTE for Objective 5.1. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, reduce the number of community water systems still in
noncompliance with health-based standards since March 31, 2021, from 752 to 500.27
• By September 30, 2026, reduce the number of community water systems in Indian Country
still in noncompliance with health-based standards since March 31, 2021, from 110 to 70.
• By September 30, 2026, leverage an additional $45 billion in non-federal dollars through
EPA's water infrastructure finance programs (CWSRF, DWSRF, and WIFIA).28
27 This baseline is a subset of the 3,508 systems, including systems in Indian Country, that have been in long-term noncompliance
since September 30, 2017. Technical assistance provided will focus on non-compliant water systems in underserved
communities.
28 EPA will ensure a focus on climate resiliency and equity by revising loan guidelines, program guidance, and providing
technical assistance.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
• By September 30,2026, in coordination with other federal agencies, provide access to basic
sanitation for an additional 36,500 American Indian and Alaska Native homes.
• By September 30, 2026, provide 2,203 tribal, small, rural, or underserved communities
with technical, managerial, or financial assistance to improve operations of their drinking
water or wastewater systems.
Safe and Reliable Water
Providing safe and reliable drinking water and wastewater treatment for all communities is a
priority for EPA. Aging infrastructure, climate change, cyber threats, and contaminants such as
lead and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are creating new stresses on the Nation's
water systems. In FY 2024, EPA will work to address these challenges through approximately $4
billion in water infrastructure spending. This includes $1,639 billion for the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Program, $1,126 billion for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
(DWSRF) Program, and $80.4 million for the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act
(WIFIA) Program. Also included is approximately $1.2 billion for grant programs authorized in
the America's Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) of 2018, the Water Infrastructure Improvements
for the Nation (WIIN) Act of 2016, and the Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of
2021 (DWWIA). Among these resources, $219 million is dedicated to two grant programs for
reducing lead in drinking water and lead testing in schools, an increase of $163 million over the
2023 enacted level.
As of February 2023, EPA had issued 100 WIFIA loans to communities across the country totaling
over $17 billion in credit assistance to help finance more than $36 billion for water infrastructure
projects. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to use the SRF and WIFIA investments to improve the
reliability, accessibility, and resilience of the Nation's water infrastructure. These programs are
critical tools for EPA to accelerate water infrastructure investments by leveraging public and
private sources of funds, which will maximize the reach of federal funds. To increase access to
these funds, EPA will provide training and technical assistance to help disadvantaged communities
identify needs, develop projects, apply for funding, design and implement projects, build capacity,
and create training and career pathways. In addition, working collaboratively with the state and
tribal partners, EPA's SRF programs will make progress toward Justice40, which aims to ensure
that federal agencies deliver at least 40 percent of overall benefits of relevant federal investments
to overburdened and underserved communities.
In FY 2024, EPA requests $150 million and 554 FTEto support Drinking Water Programs to better
protect communities, especially overburdened and underserved communities. This includes efforts
to finalize the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) regulation, which aims to strengthen
the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) issued in 2021 to more proactively replace lead
service lines and more equitably protect public health. EPA released Guidance for Developing and
Maintaining a Service Line Inventory29 in 2022 to support water systems in their efforts to develop
lead service line inventories and to provide states with needed information for oversight and
reporting to EPA. The guidance provides essential information to help water systems comply with
the LCRR requirement to prepare and maintain an inventory of service line materials by October
16, 2024.
29 For additional information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/system/fLles/documents/2022-
08/Inventory%20Guidance_August%202022 508%20compliant.pdf.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Resources will support the Agency's efforts to reduce public health and environmental threats
from PFAS by finalizing the new drinking water standards in FY 2024. An additional $42.8 million
and 22 FTE is requested to advance EPA's PFAS Strategic Roadmap,30 which will allow EPA to
accelerate its efforts to develop various methods and tools to support, states, tribes, and localities
in managing PFAS risks, particularly in small and underserved communities. EPA will continue
the development of the Drinking Water State-Federal-Tribal Information Exchange System and
support state migration to the Compliance Monitoring Data Portal, which enables drinking water
utilities and laboratories to report drinking water data electronically.
EPA also will continue to coordinate and support protection of the Nation's critical water
infrastructure from terrorist threats and all-hazard events, including cyberattacks. Cyberattacks can
compromise the ability of water and wastewater utilities to provide clean and safe water to
customers, erode customer confidence, and result in financial and legal liabilities. In FY 2024,
EPA will leverage its role as the lead federal agency for cybersecurity in the water sector and work
with government partners to close vulnerabilities and mitigate risks to cyberthreats. EPA requests
$25 million for a grant program to help water systems establish and build the necessary
cybersecurity infrastructure to address rising threats. EPA also requests $19.4 million and 25 FTE
to implement regulatory action to mitigate the risk of cyberattacks in the water sector as well as
increase the Agency's ability to respond to incidents. EPA will continue to provide practical tools,
training, and technical assistance to increase resilience to extreme weather events (e.g., drought,
flooding, wildfires, hurricanes), malevolent acts (e.g., cyberattacks), and climate change. In FY
2022, almost 4,000 drinking water and wastewater systems and water sector partners received
training and technical assistance.
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) authorized a suite of
water programs to help better address drinking water and wastewater issues across the country.
Implementation of DWWIA will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water
infrastructure in communities in every state, so that all residents of the United States can obtain
and maintain access to safe drinking water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free
from pollution. DWWIA strengthens many existing programs within EPA while creating new
programs to upgrade aging infrastructure, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities. The FY 2024 Budget provides $1.2 billion funding for DWWIA at the
full authorization level and represents a robust investment in America's drinking water
infrastructure.
Objective 5.2 Protect and Restore Waterbodies and Watersheds Address sources of water
pollution and ensure water quality standards are protective of the health and needs of all people
and ecosystems.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $1,754 billion and 1,879.7 FTE for Objective 5.2. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goal in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
30 The PFAS Strategic Roadmap may be found at: https://www.epa.gov/pfas/pfas-strategic-roadmap-epas-commitments-action-
2021-2024.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
• By September 30, 2026, increase by 41,000 square miles the area of watersheds with
surface water meeting standards that previously did not meet standards.31
Clean Waterbodies and Watersheds
Pollution and degradation of lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands endanger aquatic ecosystems,
threaten the safety of drinking water, compromise water quality planning and flood protections,
impact commercial and recreational opportunities, and reduce the natural benefits these resources
provide to communities. Climate change is often the root cause of emerging threats such as
drought, sea level rise, and invasive species proliferation. To address these challenges, in FY 2024,
EPA will use a suite of CWA core programs to protect and improve water quality and ecosystem
health, including the development and implementation of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs),
alternative restoration plans, or other protection approaches for impaired waterbodies;
development of national recommended water quality criteria; development of technology-based
and water-quality based standards; and implementation of effluent and stormwater discharge
permit programs. In FY 2024, funding will support the Agency's work assisting local
communities, particularly underserved communities, in their efforts to restore and protect the
quality of their waters.
In addition to strengthening its programs, EPA plans to promulgate and update several rules to
support clean and safe water. In FY 2024, EPA will seek to complete a rulemaking to establish
more protective nutrient limits on wastewater discharges from meat and poultry product facilities.
The Agency also will produce effluent limitation guidelines for chemical manufacturers and metal
finishing and electroplating companies to address PFAS, for steam electric power generators to
address toxics and other pollutants, and for meat and poultry products to address nutrient
discharges. The Agency will finalize rules related to improving CWA protections on tribal
reservations and consider tribal treaty rights when acting on state Water Quality Standards (WQS)
that impact those rights.
EPA also will work collaboratively with public and private sector stakeholders to establish
innovative, location-appropriate programs to protect and improve water quality. Additionally, the
FY 2024 Budget request would continue to fund the Clean Water Act Research, Investigations,
Training, and Information grant authorized by DWWIA in support of Objective 5.2.
Ensuring Clean Water Through Partnerships, Including with Tribes and States
EPA will work with partners and local communities to better safeguard human health and maintain,
restore, and improve water quality. In FY 2024, EPA requests $493.3 million for ongoing
categorical grants that support tribal and state implementation of the CWA. This request includes
an increase of $42.4 million above the FY 2023 enacted for the Section 106 Grants Program, which
funds actions to identify, assess and mitigate PFAS in the environment and supports programs for
the prevention and control of surface and groundwater pollution from point and nonpoint sources
In FY 2022, over 20 thousand square miles of watersheds that previously were not meeting water
quality standards, now meet standards.
31 The FY 2022-2026 Strategic Plan included a draft July 2021 baseline: 425,198 square miles of watersheds with surface water
meeting standards and 652,609 square miles of watersheds with surface water not meeting standards. As of July 2022, the final
baseline is 504,605 square miles of watersheds with surface water not meeting standards.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
EPA plays an important role as a convener and facilitator with federal, tribal, state, territorial and
local partners to align resources and authorities within regional, watershed, and basin-scaled
collaborative networks. In FY 2024, EPA will invest $682 million and 175.4 FTE in Geographic
Programs, funding equal to the current FY 2023 enacted levels, to maintain, restore, and improve
water quality for all communities to enjoy. More specifically, EPA's Geographic Programs will
deliver technical and financial assistance to solve problems and support healthy climate resilient
ecosystems that address water quality, water infrastructure, nutrient pollution, habitat loss, treaty
rights, equity, and environmental justice.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Goal 6: Safeguard and Revitalize Communities
Restore land to safe and productive uses to improve communities and protect public health.
Introduction
EPA collaborates with tribal, state, and local partners to benefit all communities across the United
States by cleaning up, addressing health and environmental risks and then returning contaminated
sites to productive use, through the Superfund, brownfields, underground storage tanks, and RCRA
programs. Cleaning up contaminated land contributes toward the Administration's Justice40 goal,
an initiative initially announced in Executive Order (EO) 14008, Tackling the Climate Crisis at
Home and Abroad?2 and amplified through Equity Plans under E.O. 13985 that outline specific
actions to ensure fair program implementation. Communities reuse previously contaminated sites
in many ways, including parks, shopping centers, sports fields, wildlife habitat, manufacturing
facilities, homes and infrastructure. These reuse outcomes can provide significant benefits for
underserved and overburdened communities. EPA and its partners also work to prevent releases
of contaminants, reduce waste by increasing materials recovery and recycling, and support
sustainable materials management practices. Through prevention activities, EPA protects
groundwater from releases from underground storage tanks. Through reduction and recycling
activities, EPA not only prevents future contamination but supports a less wasteful circular
economy. Additionally, EPA prepares for and responds to environmental emergencies as a mission
essential function. A recent example is responding to the Norfolk Southern train derailment in East
Palestine, Ohio. EPA On-Scene Coordinators and other personnel were boots-on-the ground since
the onset of the incident, conducting air, water, and soil monitoring at the site and working
alongside federal, state, and local partners with response efforts to ensure the health and safety of
the residents. In FY 2024, EPA requests a total of $1.301 billion and 3,642.6 FTE to support Goal
6, Safeguard and Revitalize Communities. New in FY 2024, discretionary appropriated funding
for certain CERCLA programs is not included here as it is transitioned to the Superfund Tax
receipts account. Superfund results remain critical to achieving environmental and human health
protections for the Nation.
Objective 6.1: Clean Up and Restore Land for Productive Uses and Healthy Communities -
Clean up and restore contaminated sites to protect human health and the environment and build
vibrant communities, especially in underserved and overburdened areas.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $542.5 million and 2,028.5 FTE for Objective 6.1.33 This objective
directly supports the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic
Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, bring human exposures under control at an additional 60
Superfund sites.
• By September 30, 2026, complete 225 Superfund cleanup projects that address lead as a
contaminant.
32 Executive Order 14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad (January 27, 2001), found at
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefmg-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-
home-and-abroad/.
33 Included in Objective 6.1 are the Superfund Remedial and Emergency Response and Removal programs for which
appropriated funding is not requested. EPA will transition to funding from Superfund tax receipts for these programs in FY 2024.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
• By September 30, 2026, clean up an additional 650 brownfields properties.
• By September 30, 2026, make an additional 425 RCRA corrective action cleanups Ready
for Anticipated Use.
• By September 30, 2026, conduct an additional 35,000 cleanups at Leaking Underground
Storage Tank facilities.
Nationally, there are thousands of contaminated sites with challenging and complex environmental
problems, including soil, sediment, and groundwater contaminated by chemicals such as PFAS.
Superfund cleanups also contribute to reducing lead exposure, a particular health risk for children.
Recent research shows Superfund cleanup actions lowered the risk of elevated blood lead levels
by roughly 13 to 26 percent for children living within 1.2 miles of a Superfund NPL site where
lead is a contaminant of concern.34 While there is no single way to characterize communities
located near contaminated sites, the legacy of pollution disproportionally affects communities of
color, low-income communities, linguistically isolated populations, and populations with lower
rates of high school education. For these reasons, the Superfund program is an important part of
the Administration's Justice40 Initiative. By cleaning up and returning contaminated land to
productive use, EPA and its partners will reduce the environmental and health effects of exposure
to contamination in communities, especially for underserved and overburdened communities.
In FY 2024, EPA proposes to transition from using annual appropriations to funding from
Superfund tax receipts for a number of core Superfund programs, starting with continuing critical
Superfund pre-construction work such as site characterization, construction/remedial design, and
community outreach/engagement, through the implementation of remedial efforts to clean up the
sites. This work will complement resources received through the Infrastructure Investment and
Jobs Act of 2021 (inA) to implement the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA) which have provided resources to help eliminate lags in investigation
and cleanup as well as foster climate change adaptations to protect at-risk populations. Federal
data in a recent Government Accountability Office (GAO) report suggests that approximately 60
percent of Superfund sites overseen by EPA are in areas that are vulnerable to wildfires and
different types of flooding - natural hazards that climate change will exacerbate. Nationwide, EPA
will aim to control human exposures at 12 additional Superfund sites supporting the 2022-2026
long-term performance goal of 60 sites. To reduce exposure to lead and associated health impacts,
EPA will complete at least 45 Superfund lead cleanup projects supporting the 2022-2026 long-
term performance goal of 225 projects.
In FY 2024, the Superfund Emergency Response and Removal Program also will transition to
Superfund tax receipts. Situations requiring emergency response and removal actions vary greatly
in size, nature, and location, and include chemical releases, fires or explosions, natural disasters,
and other threats to people from exposure to hazardous substances including from abandoned and
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. EPA's 24-hour-a-day response capability is a cornerstone
element of the National Contingency Plan.35 These resources also will help the EPA and Navajo
34 Details can be found at https://www.epa.gov/enviromiiental-economics/research-enviromiiental-economics-ncee-workiiig-
paper-series.
35 For more information, please refer to: https://www.epa.gov/eiiiergeiicy-respoiise/iiatioiial-oil-aiid-hazardous-substaiices-
pollution-contingency-plan-iicp-overview.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Nation to accelerate actions laid out in the 2020 Ten-Year Plan: Federal Actions to Address
Impacts of Uranium Contamination on the Navajo Nation 36
Additionally, in FY 2024, EPA requests an increase of $11.2 million in funding above the FY 2023
enacted to continue oversight of Federal Facility Superfund site cleanups and to strive to keep pace
with the growing number of PFAS cleanups at Department of Defense (DoD), Department of
Energy, and other federal agency sites. EPA anticipates additional engagement on non-National
Priorities List (NPL) federal facilities on the Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance
Docket to address new information on PFAS at these sites and ensure appropriate assessment and
referral of these sites to appropriate cleanup programs.
Currently operating facilities or businesses also may have contamination requiring cleanup,
performed under the RCRA Corrective Action program. Cleaning up these contaminated sites also
serves as a catalyst for economic growth and community revitalization and can help to preserve
existing business operations. The 2021 RCRA economic benefits analyses of 79 RCRA cleanups
found that these cleaned up facilities support 1,028 on-site businesses, which provide economic
benefits including: $39 billion in annual sales revenue; over 82,000 jobs; and $7.9 billion in
estimated annual employment income.37 The FY 2024 Budget includes $41.7 million and 174.4
FTE to continue efforts to clean up 3,983 priority contaminated hazardous waste facilities under
RCRA, which include highly contaminated and technically challenging sites, and assess others to
determine whether cleanups are necessary. In FY 2022, EPA approved 124 RCRA corrective
action facilities as ready for anticipated use (RAU), bringing the total number of RCRA RAU
facilities to 1,922. In FY 2024, EPA will make an additional 85 sites RAU supporting the FY 2022-
2026 long-term performance goal of making 425 sites RAU.
Under the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Program, EPA is requesting $79.7 million
and 46.8 FTE, an increase of $14.7 million and 5.2 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted, for states and
tribes to assess and clean up petroleum contamination, including in groundwater.38 EPA
collaborates with states to develop and implement flexible, state-driven strategies to reduce the
number of remaining LUST sites that have not reached cleanup completion. Through the
cooperative efforts between EPA and states, the backlog was reduced by approximately 42 percent
between the end of 2008 and October 2022 (from 102,798 to 59,890).39 Requested funds also will
support additional tribal cleanup activities in fenceline communities that are immediately adjacent
to oil and chemical facilities and UST who are vulnerable to environmental health hazards and
climate risks at those facilities.
In FY 2024, EPA requests $131.0 million for the Brownfields Projects Program that will build on
current work to revitalize communities, especially those that are historically overburdened and
underserved, by providing financial and technical assistance to assess, clean up, and plan reuse at
brownfields sites. In FY 2022, EPA leveraged 14,170 jobs and $1.8 billion in cleanup and
36 https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-02/documents/miaum-ten-vear-plan-2021-01.pdf
37 For more information, please refer to: https://www.epa.gov/hw/redevelopment-economics-rcra-corrective-action-facilities
38 Almost half of the Nation's overall population and 99 percent of the population in rural areas rely on groundwater for drinking
water. (See EPA 2000 Water Quality Inventory Report, https://archive.epa.gov/water/archive/web/html/20Q0report index.htmT).
39 For additional information, please see EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/ust/ust-performance-measures.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
redevelopment funds and made 662 additional brownfields sites RAU. Activities undertaken in
FY 2024 will leverage approximately 13,400 jobs and $2.6 billion in other funding sources.40
In FY 2024, EPA continues to request the $20 million first provided in the FY 2023 enacted budget
to inventory and support the cleanup of contaminated lands in Alaska, many of which were
contaminated while not under Alaska Native ownership. Contaminants on some of these lands -
arsenic, asbestos, lead, mercury, pesticides, PCBs, and other petroleum products - pose health
concerns to Alaskan Native communities, negatively impact subsistence resources, and hamper
economic activity.
Objective 6.2: Reduce Waste and Prevent Environmental Contamination - Prevent
environmental pollution by preventing releases, reducing waste, increasing materials recovery
and recycling, and ensuring sustainable materials management practices.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $346.4 million and 695.4 FTE for Objective 6.2. This objective
directly supports the following long-term performance goal in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic
Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, increase the percentage of updated permits at RCRA facilities to
80% from the FY 2021 baseline of 72.7%.
Nationwide, EPA and its state partners strive to reach all permitting-related decisions in a timely
manner for the approximately 6,700 hazardous waste units (e.g., incinerators, landfills, and tanks)
located at 1,300 permitted treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The goal is to ensure that
permits are updated to reflect the latest technology and standards and remain protective under
changing conditions, such as climate change, and that communities, including those that are
underserved and overburdened, have an equitable opportunity to engage in the permitting process
over time. To measure progress, EPA has set an FY 2024 target of 110 permit renewals at
hazardous waste facilities supporting the FY 2022-2026 long-term performance goal.
The FY 2024 Budget supports building capacity to implement various aspects of the coal
combustion residuals (CCR) program. The Agency has promulgated regulations specifying
improved management and disposal practices to protect people and ecosystems. The Agency will
continue to work with our stakeholders as we implement these regulations. In FY 2024, EPA will
take action to ensure protective management of CCR through the implementation of existing
regulations, promulgation of additional regulations to address legacy surface impoundments, and
the launch of a federal permitting program. EPA will continue to work with states that wish to
establish state CCR permit programs that meet EPA's baseline requirements.
Through its National Recycling Strategy and efforts to advance a more circular economy, EPA is
working to develop a stronger, more resilient, and cost-effective U.S. municipal solid waste
recycling system.41 Recycling is an important part of a circular economy, which refers to a system
40 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management Estimate. All estimates of outputs and outcomes are supported by the
data that is entered by cooperative agreement recipients via EPA's ACRES database.
41 For additional information, please refer to: https://www.epa.gov/recyclingstrategy/what-circular-
economy#:~:text=EPA's%20circular%20economy%20for%20all,healthy%20communities%20are%20the%20goals.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
of activities that is restorative to the environment, enables resources to maintain their highest
values, designs out waste, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Recycling helps alleviate
burdens on populations that bear the brunt of poorly run waste management facilities. The FY
2024 Budget includes $10 million to continue efforts to strengthen the U.S. recycling system,
address the global issue of plastic waste, engage communities, and prevent and reduce food loss
and waste. EPA will work with recipients of the Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling (SWIFR)
grants and Recycling Education and Outreach (REO) grants on their projects, which are funded
primarily by the IIJA, as well as complete key studies, and identify additional actions needed to
support a circular economy for all.
To protect groundwater from releases of petroleum from underground storage tanks (UST), EPA
works with its tribal and state partners on prevention. FY 2024 resources include $42.6 million
and 61.8 FTE, an increase of $3.3 million and 5.5 FTE, for inspecting UST facilities to meet the
three-year inspection requirement and assisting states in adopting prevention measures such as
delivery prohibition, secondary containment, and operator training. EPA also will continue
assessing the compatibility of UST systems with higher blends of ethanol, including El 5, in
fenceline communities. These activities emphasize bringing UST systems into compliance with
release detection and release prevention requirements and minimizing future releases. Due to the
increased emphasis on inspections and release prevention requirements, the number of confirmed
releases decreased from 6,847 in FY 2014 to 4,568 reported releases in FY 2022.
Objective 6.3: Prepare for and Respond to Environmental Emergencies - Prevent, prepare,
and respond to environmental emergencies and support other agencies on nationally significant
incidents, working with Tribes, states, and local planning and response organizations.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $412.1 million and 918.7 FTE to support Objective 6.3. This
objective directly supports the following long-term performance goal in the FY2022 - 2026EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, ensure that 40% of annual emergency response and removal
exercises that EPA conducts or participates in incorporate environmental justice.
Environmental emergencies are growing in frequency, and the risks they pose are increasing. EPA
strives to prevent such emergencies and be ready to respond to those that occur through the
Agency's planning and preparedness efforts, in coordination with and through the support of
partner organizations. EPA develops regulations and policies that aim to prevent environmental
emergencies and enhance the ability of communities and facilities to prepare for and respond to
emergencies that occur. EPA also prepares for the possibility of significant incidents by
maintaining a trained corps of federal On-Scene Coordinators, Special Teams, and Response
Support Corps, and by providing guidance and technical assistance to tribal, state, and local
planning and response organizations to strengthen their preparedness. EPA carries out its
responsibility under multiple statutory authorities and the National Response Framework, which
provides the comprehensive federal structure for managing national emergencies.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to chair the U.S. National Response Team42 and co-chair the 13
Regional Response Teams, which serve as multi-agency coordination groups supporting
emergency responders when convened as incident specific teams. EPA will participate in the
development of limited, scenario-specific exercises and regional drills designed to assess national
emergency response management capabilities. To bring broader opportunity to participate in these
key planning and preparation activities, EPA has set a long-term performance goal of ensuring that
40 percent of annual emergency response and removal exercises that EPA conducts or participates
in incorporate environmental justice principles. Based upon higher-than-expected results in the
measure's initial year, EPA anticipates meeting this goal ahead of schedule.
EPA will inspect chemical facilities to prevent accidental releases. The objective is to ensure
compliance with accident prevention and preparedness regulations at Risk Management Plan
(RMP) and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)-regulated
facilities and to work with chemical facilities to reduce chemical risks and improve safety to
populations, especially in fenceline communities. There are approximately 12,000 chemical
facilities that are subject to the RMP regulations. Of these, approximately 1,800 facilities have
been designated as high-risk based upon their accident history, quantity of on-site dangerous
chemicals stored, and proximity to large residential populations.43 EPA prioritizes inspections at
high-risk facilities and will focus on those facilities located in communities with environmental
justice concerns and communities with increased climate-related risks (e.g., extreme weather,
flooding, wildfires). In addition, EPA is developing a regulatory action to revise the RMP
regulations to incorporate consideration of communities with environmental justice concerns and
those vulnerable to climate risks.
In FY 2024, EPA will inspect oil facilities to ensure compliance with prevention and preparedness
requirements. Inspections involve reviewing the facility's prevention, preparedness, and response
plans and discussing key aspects of these plans with facility staff. EPA will increase inspections,
enforcement, and compliance assistance at regulated facilities, focusing on high-risk facilities
located in communities with environmental justice concerns and communities with increased
climate-related risks. EPA also will conduct unannounced exercises at facilities subject to Facility
Response Plan regulations, a subset of facilities identified as high risk due to their size and location,
to test the facility owner's ability to put preparedness and response plans into action.
42 For additional information, please refer to: https://www.nrt.0rg/.https://ww.nrt.0rg/.
43 Located in the EPA RMP database.
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Goal 7: Ensure Safety of Chemicals for People and the Environment
Increase the safety of chemicals and pesticides and prevent pollution at the source.
Introduction
EPA is responsible for ensuring the safety of chemicals and pesticides for the environment and
people at all life stages, improving access to chemical safety information, and preventing pollution
at the source before it occurs. The Agency focuses on assessing, preventing, and reducing releases
and exposures resulting from the manufacture, processing, use, and disposal of chemicals and
pesticides and advances the community's right-to-know about these releases and exposures. EPA
works to protect the most vulnerable populations from unsafe exposures, especially children, the
elderly, and those with environmental justice concerns (including low-income, minority and
indigenous populations) who may already be disproportionately harmed by and at risk from other
stressors. In addition, EPA works to ensure public access to chemical and pesticide data, analytical
tools, and other sources of information and expertise, and promotes source reduction, integrated
pest management, and other pollution prevention strategies by organizations and businesses. In
total, the FY 2024 Budget includes $581.3 million and 1,954.0 FTE for Goal 7: Ensure Safety of
Chemicals for People and the Environment.
In FY 2024, EPA's activities under this goal, as described below, will focus on evaluating,
assessing, and managing risks from exposure to new and existing industrial chemicals; continuing
to address lead-based paint risks; reviewing and registering new pesticides and new uses for
existing pesticides; reducing occupational exposure to pesticides, particularly in disadvantaged
communities; and addressing potential risks to threatened and endangered species from pesticides.
In addition, EPA will continue working with tribes, state agencies, industry, and communities to
implement voluntary efforts to prevent pollution at the source and continue to publish Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI) data on chemical releases from industrial facilities for public review and
use.
Objective 7.1: Ensure Chemical and Pesticide Safety - Protect the health of families,
communities, and ecosystems from the risks posed by chemicals and pesticides.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $470.7 million and 1,677. FTE for Objective 7.1. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, complete at least eight High Priority Substance (HPS) TSCA risk
evaluations annually within statutory timelines compared to the FY 2020 baseline of one.
• By September 30, 2026, initiate all TSCA risk management actions within 45 days of the
completion of a final existing chemical risk evaluation.
• By September 30, 2026, review 90% of risk management actions for past TSCA new
chemical substances reported to the 2020 Chemical Data Reporting Rule (CDR) compared
to the FY 2021 baseline of none.44
44 Changed from "By September 30, 2026, review 90% of risk mitigation requirements for past TSCA new chemical substances
decisions compared to the FY 2021 baseline of none."
79
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Goal and Objective Overviews
• By September 30, 2026, recertify before the expiration date 36% of lead-based paint
Renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) firms whose certifications are scheduled to expire
compared to the FY 2021 baseline of 32%.
• By September 30, 2026, complete 78 pesticide registration review cases with statutory due
dates that fall after October 1, 2022.
• By September 30, 2026, consider the effects determinations or protections of federally
threatened and endangered species for all new active ingredients in 90% of the risk
assessments supporting pesticide registration decisions for new active ingredients
compared to the FY 2020 baseline of 50%.
• By September 30, 2026, consider the effects determinations or protections of federally
threatened and endangered species in 50% of the risk assessments supporting pesticide
registration review decisions compared to the FY 2020 baseline of 27%.
• By September 30, 2026, support Agricultural Worker Protection Standard (WPS) pesticide
safety training for 20,000 farmworkers annually compared to the FY 2018-2020 annual
average baseline of 11,000.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
Under Section 5 of TSCA, EPA is responsible for reviewing all new chemical submissions before
they enter commerce to determine whether the chemicals may pose unreasonable risks to human
health or the environment.45 In FY 2024, EPA will conduct risk assessments and make affirmative
determinations on risks for more than 500 new chemical notice and exemption submissions
annually.
Under TSCA Section 6,46 EPA has responsibility for prioritizing and evaluating at least 20 existing
chemicals at a time, assessing additional chemicals at manufacturers' request, and managing
identified unreasonable risks. In FY 2024, EPA will continue developing draft and final risk
evaluations for High Priority Substances (HPS) and will develop risk management actions in
response to unreasonable human health and environmental risks identified in nine of the first 10
risk evaluations. The FY 2024 Budget includes $131 million and 452 FTE for the EPM TSCA
Program, an increase of $47.9 million and 112.5 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted. Increased
funding for the TSCA Program is needed in FY 2024 to advance implementation of the law's
requirements. While the Program received additional funding in FY 2023, the full request of $131
million is needed in FY 2024, else achieving the TSCA goals will be a challenge.
Lead-Based Paint (LBP) Risk Reduction
Also under TSCA, EPA's EPM Lead-Based Paint Risk Reduction Program contributes to the goal
of reducing lead exposure and works toward addressing historic and persistent disproportionate
45 Actions under TSCA Section 5 may be found at: https://www.epa.gov/reviewiiig-new-chemicals-under-toxic-substances-control-
act-tsca/actions-under-tsca-section-5.
46 Information regarding the regulation of Chemicals under Section 6(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act may be found at:
https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/regulation-chemicals-under-section-6a-toxic-substances.
80
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Goal and Objective Overviews
vulnerabilities of certain communities.47'48 With $14.4 million and 62.9 FTE included in the FY
2024 Budget, EPA will continue to reduce exposure to lead in paint and dust by establishing
standards governing lead hazard identification and abatement practices; establishing and
maintaining a national pool of certified firms and individuals; and providing information and
outreach to housing occupants and the public so they can make informed decisions and take actions
on lead hazards in their homes.
Pesticide Programs
In FY 2024, consistent with statutory responsibilities,49'50'51 EPA will continue to review and
register new pesticides and new uses for existing pesticides, and other covered applications under
the Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act (PRIA). EPA also will act on other
registration requests in accordance with Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) and Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) standards. Many of these
registration actions will be for reduced-risk conventional pesticides and biopesticides, which, once
registered and used by consumers, will increase benefits to society and reduce ecological impacts.
Additionally, in FY 2024, EPA will continue to reevaluate existing chemicals in the marketplace
on a 15-year cycle to ensure the FIFRA standard for registration continues to be met based on
current science, including registration review actions subject to the October 1, 2026, deadline for
completion.
The Agricultural Worker Protection Standard (WPS)52 and the Certification of Pesticide
Applicators (CPA)53 revised rules (finalized in FY 2015 and FY 2017, respectively) are key
elements of EPA's strategy for reducing occupational exposure to pesticides. In FY 2024, EPA
will continue to support the implementation of the regulations through education and outreach,
guidance development, and grant programs, with a particular focus on environmental justice issues
in rural communities and the health of farmworkers and their families.
Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA),54 EPA is responsible for ensuring that pesticide
regulatory decisions will not destroy or adversely modify designated critical habitat or jeopardize
the continued existence of species listed as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (FWS) or the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), referred to collectively as the
47 Childhood blood lead levels (BLL) have declined substantially since the 1970s, due largely to the phasing out of lead in gasoline
and to the reduction in the number of homes with lead-based paint hazards. The median concentration of lead in the blood of
children aged 1 to 5 years dropped from 15 micrograms per deciliter in 1976-1980 to 0.7 micrograms per deciliter in 2013-2014,
a decrease of 95%. See., America's Children and the Environment (EPA, 2019), found at:
https://www.epa.gov/americaschildrenenvironment.
48 Among children ages 1 to 5 years in families with incomes below poverty level, the 95th percentile blood lead level (BLL) was
3.0 ng/dL, and among those in families at or above the poverty level, it was 2.1 (ig/dL, a difference that was statistically significant.
See. America's Children and the Environment (EPA, 2019), found at: https://www.epa.gov/americaschildrenenvironment.
49 Summary of Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-federal-
insecticide-fungicide-and-rodenticide-act.
50 Summary of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-federal-food-drug-and-
cosmetic-act.
51 Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act of2018 (PRIA 4): https: //www, epa. go v/pria-fees.
52 Agricultural Worker Protection Standard: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/agricultural-worker-protection-
standard-wps.
53 Revised Certification Standards for Pesticide Applicators: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/revised-certification-
standards-pesticide-applicators.
54 For additional information on the Endangered Species Protection Program, see: https://www.epa.gov/eiidaiigered-
species/about-endangered-species-protection-program.
81
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Services. This presents a great challenge given that there are approximately 1,200 active
ingredients in more than 17,000 pesticide products—many of which have multiple uses.
Endangered species risk assessments are extraordinarily complex, national in scope, and involve
comprehensive evaluations that consider risks to over 1,700 listed endangered species and 800
designated critical habitats in the U.S. with diverse biological attributes, habitat requirements, and
geographic ranges. In April 2022, EPA released a workplan outlining priorities for coming into
compliance with ESA across the numerous types of actions it completes each year as well as the
development of several pilots to begin to develop more programmatic approaches for ESA
compliance.55 EPA prioritized meeting its ESA obligations for all conventional new active
ingredient applications whereby all new active ingredient registrations will only be registered
under conditions that comply with ESA. EPA also prioritized ESA determinations in response to
litigation commitments and court decisions (the ESA workplan includes a list of the FY 2024
litigation commitments regarding ESA determinations and implementations of biological opinions
from the Services). The increase EPA received in the FY 2023 enacted budget serves as initial
funding to support EPA efforts in meeting these specific workplan commitments. In November
2022, EPA released a workplan update that announced the incorporation of a focus on FIFRA
interim ecological mitigations for non-target and ESA listed species, including listed species, that
EPA plans to incorporate into registration review and additional initiatives to make even faster
progress on some of our ESA goals.56
The FY 2024 Budget requests $75.4 million and 222 FTE for the EPM Pesticide: Protect the
Environment from Pesticide Risk Program, an increase of $26.7 million and 22.5 FTE above the
FY 2023 enacted level. Of this increased funding, $24.8 million and 20.0 FTE will support the
ESA compliance work. In FY 2024, EPA will continue to develop and improve existing processes
to allow EPA to protect listed species earlier in the regulatory and consultation processes and
pursue other major improvements to its ESA compliance work in coordination with the Services.
Objective 7.2: Promote Pollution Prevention - Encourage the adoption of pollution prevention
and other stewardship practices that conserve natural resources, mitigate climate change, and
promote environmental sustainability.
The FY 2024 Budget includes $111 million and 277 FTE for Objective 7.2. This objective is
directly supported by the following long-term performance goals in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA
Strategic Plan:
• By September 30, 2026, reduce a total of 6 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
(MMTC02e) released attributed to EPA pollution prevention grants.
• By September 30, 2026, EPA's Safer Choice Program will certify a total of 2,300 products
compared to the FY 2021 baseline of 1,892 total certified products.
55 For additional information, see: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-04/balancing-wildlife-protection-and-
responsible-pesticide-use finat.pdf".
56 For additional information, see: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-l 1Vesa-woitolan-update.pdf".
82
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Goal and Objective Overviews
Pollution Prevention
EPA's implementation of the Pollution Prevention (P2) Program under the Pollution Prevention
Act of 199057 is one of EPA's primary tools for advancing environmental stewardship and
sustainability by federal, tribal, and state governments, businesses, communities, and individuals.
These practices focus on reducing the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or
contaminant entering a waste stream or released into the environment prior to recycling of
discarded material, treatment, or disposal, as well as conserving the use of natural resources. P2
grants - a key element of the P2 Program - contributed to the elimination of 18.6 million metric
tons of greenhouse gases between 2011 and 2020.58 In FY 2024, EPA will continue its work to
prevent pollution at the source by awarding targeted P2 grants to tribes, states, and local
governments, encouraging the use of products certified by EPA as safer for the environment,
encouraging federal procurement of environmentally preferable products, and enhancing the use
of TRI data to help prevent pollution and support the Administration's environmental justice
priorities.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to focus on carrying out sector-focused P2 National Emphasis
Areas59 and enabling the replication and leveraging of business successes supported by the $5
million P2 grants awarded annually. The Agency will deliver training on green chemistry and
engineering solutions to companies, consumers, and communities. EPA also will deliver training
and conduct outreach for communities overburdened with pollution, as well as tribal, state, and
local governments to help with product and service procurement choices that are environmentally
sound and promote human and environmental health. The additional Infrastructure Investment and
Jobs Act (IIJA) funding for the Program for FY 2022 to 2026 will significantly increase results
and the generation of information on P2 approaches that other businesses can replicate, particularly
in disadvantaged communities
In FY 2024, EPA plans to complete the process of updating and strengthening the standards of the
Safer Choice (SC) Program,60 which advances chemical safety by increasing the availability and
identification of products containing ingredients that meet stringent health and environmental
criteria, through a notice and comment process after consultation with stakeholders. The Agency
will conduct outreach with federal, tribal, state, and local government procurement officials and
institutional and industrial purchasers to communicate the benefits of SC and other
environmentally preferable products, and work to make SC-certified products more widely
available to disadvantaged communities. EPA will continue to partner with organizations serving
disadvantaged communities with environmental concerns to help custodial staff and house
cleaning companies fight occupational exposure-related conditions (e.g., asthma) and gain access
to certified products. EPA also will update the Safer Chemical Ingredients List to enhance
transparency and facilitate expansion of safer chemical choices and products, including increasing
the number and volume of SC-certified products.61
The FY 2024 Budget includes $29 million and 69.2 FTE to support the P2 Program in the EPM
appropriation, an increase of $16 million and 18 FTE above the FY 2023 enacted budget. A portion
57 Summary of the Pollution Prevention Act: https://www.epa.gov/kws-regulations/summarv-pollution-prevention-act.
58 For additional information, see: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-07/p2flier 2021 O.pdf.
59 P2 National Emphasis Areas may be found at: https://www.epa.gov/p2/p2-national-emphasis-areas-neas.
60 For additional information on Safer Choice, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice.
61 The Safer Chemical Ingredients List (SCIL) may be found at: https://www.epa.gov/saferchoice/safer-ingredients.
83
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Goal and Objective Overviews
of this increase will fund a new P2 grant program to support small businesses with transitioning to
TSCA compliant practices and mitigate economic impacts. EPA's P2 Program has supported work
by P2 grantees, over several years, to work with businesses and industry to identify technically
and economically feasible alternatives to toxic chemicals, including some that are the focus of
current TSCA risk evaluation and management (e.g., halogenated solvents used in a variety of
industries such as degreasing in metal fabrication). Additionally, pollution prevention reporting
under the TRI Program collects information on facility-level P2 practices associated with
reductions in use and release of toxic chemicals. In FY 2024, EPA will evaluate and integrate P2
case studies and best practices relevant to TSCA risk management by small businesses, clarify
technical and economic factors associated with such transitions, and develop and deploy pilot
programs to leverage training and ongoing support for small businesses expected to be making
transitions in response to TSCA risk management.
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI)
The TRI Program provides data to support partnerships between community groups and companies
that has reduced toxic pollution.62 With the FY 2024 request of $14 million and 37 FTE for the
TRI/Right to Know Program, EPA will continue research on tools that can quickly and accurately
identify disadvantaged communities near TRI facilities, which would support prioritization of P2
initiatives. In addition, in FY 2024, EPA will continue to publish the TRI and use analyses of toxic
chemical releases from industrial facilities located near disadvantaged communities with
environmental concerns to identify and develop sector specific P2 case studies, best practices,
outreach, and training. This will help facilitate adoption of P2 practices in the facilities and in the
communities themselves.
62 For additional information, please visit the TRI for Communities webpage: https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-
program/tri-for-communities.
84
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Appendix
85
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-------
Program Project by Program Area
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2024 Congressional Justification and Annual Performance Plan
PROGRAM PROJECTS BY PROGRAM AREA
(Dollars in Thousands)
Science & Technology
n 2M22 I imil
WliiaK
M 2023 I lKK ll lI
Ojirrjling I'hill
n 21124
riv.iiinir«
liudgrl
n 2024
riv-iiiciir-
iiiniiii-1 \.
1^ 2023 liuilid
<>|HT;iliiiU I'hill
Qean Air and Climate
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs
Climate Protection
Federal Support for Air Quality Management
Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification
Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate
$8,360
$6,723
$8,494
$101,348
$124,925
$7,117
$8,750
$11,343
$117,341
$144,551
$19,983
$10,724
$10,666
$179,617
$220,990
$12,866
$1,974
-$677
$62,276
$76,439
Indoor Air and Radiation
Indoor Air: Radon Program
Radiation: Protection
Radiation: Response Preparedness
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation
$116
$2,224
$2,928
$136
$5,404
$199
$1,683
$3,596
$278
$5,756
$173
$2,349
$4,686
$183
$7,391
-$26
$666
$1,090
-$95
$1,635
Enforcement
Forensics Support
$14,815
$15,532
$18,657
$3,125
Homeland Security
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and
Recovery
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
$9,941
$24,536
$501
$34,978
$10,852
$25,347
$625
$36,824
$34,205
$39,539
$501
$74,245
$23,353
$14,192
-$124
$37,421
IT / Data Management / Security
IT / Data Management
$2,799
$3,197
$3,313
$116
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
!,347
$67,500
$72,043
$4,543
Pesticides Licensing
Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability
$2,854
$2,487
$941
$2,894
$2,334
$925
$4,031
$2,339
$1,002
$1,137
$5
$77
87
-------
Program Project by Program Area
Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing
Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainability
Health and Environmental Risk Assessment
Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainability
Endocrine Disruptors
Computational Toxicology
Research: Chemical Safety for
Sustainability (other activities)
Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainability
Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainability
Ensure Safe Water
Drinking Water Programs
Congressional Priorities (previously named Clean and Safe
Water Technical Assistance Grants)
Congressional Priorities
Total, Science & Technology
n 21124
1^ 2M22 liml M 2H2.? l-'.iwclrd I'lr-idi-iH"-
WluaK Ojicrjling I'liin liudgcl
$6,282 $6,153 $7,372
$93,402 $100,448 $137,835
$113,427 $116,141 $123,555
$133,808 $137,857 $146,642
$38,740 $39,918 $44,942
$16,325 $16,353 $17,530
$21,349 $21,606 $23,128
$54,679 $54,591 $63,220
$92,353 $92,550 $103,878
$131,092 $132,468 $148,820
$4,177 $5,098 $6,975
$7,492 $30,751 $0
$740,947 $802,276 $967,838
Environmental Programs & Management
dean Air and Climate
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs
Climate Protection
Federal Stationary Source Regulations
Federal Support for Air Quality Management
Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic Programs
Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral Fund
Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate
Indoor Air and Radiation
Indoor Air: Radon Program
$15,423 $16,554 $30,535
$100,267 $101,000 $170,512
$26,821 $30,344 $47,468
$148,894 $147,704 $356,016
$7,937 $6,951 $72,152
$8,326 $9,244 $18,000
$307,667 $311,797 $694,683
$2,966 $3,364 $5,113
n 2024
I'lv-idi-iil"-
liudgcl \.
M 2023 liuilid
<>|HT;iliiig I'l;m
$1,219
$37,387
$7,414
$8,785
$5,024
$1,177
$1,522
$8,629
$11,328
$16,352
$1,877
-$30,751
$165,562
$13,981
$69,512
$17,124
$208,312
$65,201
$8,756
$382,886
$1,749
88
-------
Program Project by Program Area
n 21124
n 2M22 1 inal
WluaK
1^ 2023 liuilid
OprialiiiU I'lan
I'lv-idi-nl"-
liiidurl
Radiation: Protection
$8,244
$9,088
$11,638
Radiation: Response Preparedness
$2,658
$2,650
$3,143
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
$12,611
$13,593
$47,389
Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation
$26,479
$28,695
$67,283
Brownfields
Brownfields
$23,716
$26,189
$38,626
Compliance
Compliance Monitoring
$108,996
$112,730
$162,105
Environmental Justice
Environmental Justice
$20,455
$102,159
$369,106
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
$179,062
$205,942
$242,585
Criminal Enforcement
$55,343
$62,704
$66,487
NEPA Implementation
$17,177
$20,611
$25,760
Subtotal, Enforcement
$251,582
$289,257
$334,832
Geographic Programs
Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay
$90,309
$92,000
$92,094
Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico
$21,194
$25,524
$25,558
Geographic Program: Lake Champlain
$19,096
$25,000
$25,000
Geographic Program: Long Island Sound
$29,758
$40,002
$40,005
Geographic Program: Other
Lake Pontchartrain
$1,899
$2,200
$2,200
S. New England Estuary (SNEE)
$6,017
$7,000
$7,078
Geographic Program: Other (other activities)
$4,881
$5,000
$4,934
Subtotal, Geographic Program: Other
$12,797
$14,200
$14,212
Great Lakes Restoration
$349,157
$368,000
$368,154
Geographic Program: South Florida
$6,917
$8,500
$8,503
Geographic Program: San Francisco Bay
$2,631
$54,500
$54,505
Geographic Program: Puget Sound
$34,746
$54,000
$54,022
Subtotal, Geographic Programs
$566,606
$681,726
$682,053
Homeland Security
Homeland Security: Communication and Information
$4,054
$4,692
$6,051
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
$873
$923
$1,023
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
$4,903
$5,188
$5,158
n 2024
riv-iiiciir-
iiiniiii-1 \.
1^ 2023 liuilid
Opcraling I'hin
$2,550
$493
$33,796
$38,588
$12,437
$49,375
$266,947
$36,643
$3,783
$5,149
$45,575
$94
$34
$0
$3
$0
$78
-$66
$12
$154
$3
$5
$22
$327
$1,359
$100
-$30
89
-------
Program Project by Program Area
Subtotal, Homeland Security
n 2M22 liml
WluaK
$9,830
1^ 2023 r.nailril
Ojirrjling I'hill
$10,803
n 2024
I'lv-iili-iil"-
liudgrl
$12,232
Cross Agency Coordination, Outreach and Education
(previously named Information Exchange / Outreach)
State and Local Prevention and Preparedness
TRI / Right to Know
Tribal - Capacity Building
Executive Management and Operations
Environmental Education
Exchange Network
Small Minority Business Assistance
Small Business Ombudsman
Children and Other Sensitive Populations: Agency
Coordination
Subtotal, Cross Agency Coordination, Outreach and
Education
International Programs
US Mexico Border
International Sources of Pollution
Trade and Governance
Subtotal, International Programs
IT / Data Management / Security
Information Security
IT / Data Management
Subtotal, IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Integrated Environmental Strategies
Administrative Law
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Civil Rights Program
Legal Advice: Environmental Program
Legal Advice: Support Program
Regional Science and Technology (proposed to be
moved to Operations and Administration)
Science Advisory Board
Regulatory/Economic-Management and Analysis
Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
$14,957 $15,446 $23,884
$13,064 $15,052 $14,018
$13,735 $14,715 $34,674
$55,872 $56,160 $67,600
$8,303 $9,500 $23,972
$13,016 $14,995 $14,685
$2,564 $2,056 $1,996
$1,564 $2,250 $2,227
$6,098 $6,362 $6,500
$129,173 $136,536 $189,556
$2,886 $2,993 $5,088
$7,220 $7,323 $26,044
$6,252 $5,510 $7,153
$16,358 $15,826 $38,285
$10,450 $9,142 $23,889
$90,029 $91,821 $105,868
$100,480 $100,963 $129,757
$10,534 $11,297 $71,722
$5,022 $5,395 $6,116
$1,196 $972 $2,194
$10,061 $12,866 $31,462
$63,795 $60,061 $85,252
$18,246 $18,957 $20,322
$1,345 $1,554 $0
$3,854 $4,155 $4,124
$16,725 $17,475 $16,930
$130,778 $132,732 $238,122
$82,781 $87,099 $99,812
n 2024
I'lv-idi-in"-
liiidiicl >¦
M 2023 liuilid
()|H'i':iling I'hill
$1,429
$8,438
-$1,034
$19,959
$11,440
$14,472
-$310
-$60
-$23
$138
$53,020
$2,095
$18,721
$1,643
$22,459
$14,747
$14,047
$28,794
$60,425
$721
$1,222
$18,596
$25,191
$1,365
-$1,554
-$31
-$545
$105,390
$12,713
90
-------
Program Project by Program Area
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Acquisition Management
Human Resources Management
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG Management
Regional Science and Technology (proposed to be
moved from LSRE)
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Pesticides Licensing
Science Policy and Biotechnology
Pesticides: Protect Fluman Flealth from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability
Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing
Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainabillty
Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainability
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
RCRA: Corrective Action
RCRA: Waste Management
RCRA: Waste Minimization & Recycling
Subtotal, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA)
Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
Endocrine E)isruptors
Pollution Prevention Program
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Management
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Review and
Reduction
Toxic Substances: Lead Risk Reduction Program
Subtotal, Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
LUST / UST
Protecting Estuaries and Wetlands
National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways
Wetlands
Subtotal, Protecting Estuaries and Wetlands
Ensure Safe Water
n 21124
1^ 2M22 liml M 2H2.? I'.iiiiclril I'lv-idi-nl-
WluaK Ojicrjling I'liin liinlgcl
$291,501 $283,330 $305,753
$36,051 $37,251 $41,609
$56,709 $51,261 $71,093
$29,070 $30,188 $34,350
$0 $0 $4,972
$496,113 $489,129 $557,589
$1,185 $1,811 $1,627
$65,333 $62,125 $65,529
$43,688 $48,704 $75,391
$7,022 $7,637 $8,234
$117,227 $120,277 $150,781
$178 $0 $0
$43,061 $40,512 $41,669
$77,838 $75,958 $90,634
$12,603 $10,252 $12,668
$133,502 $126,722 $144,971
$6,629 $7,614 $7,680
$11,988 $12,987 $29,009
$2 $0 $0
$85,218 $82,822 $130,711
$12,404 $14,359 $14,437
$116,242 $117,782 $181,837
$11,807 $12,021 $14,451
$33,958 $40,000 $32,514
$21,103 $21,754 $26,671
$55,061 $61,754 $59,185
n 2024
I'lv-idi-iil"-
liinliii-1 \.
M 2023 liuilid
<>|HT;iliiig I'l;m
$22,423
$4,358
$19,832
$4,162
$4,972
$68,460
-$184
$3,404
$26,687
$597
$30,504
$0
$1,157
$14,676
$2,416
$18,249
$66
$16,022
$0
$47,889
$78
$64,055
$2,430
-$7,486
$4,917
-$2,569
91
-------
Program Project by Program Area
Beach / Fish Programs
Drinking Water Programs
Subtotal, Ensure Safe Water
n 2M22 HiijI
WluaK
$1,209
$117,205
$118,414
1^ 2023 I lKK ll lI
Oprraling I'hill
$2,246
$121,607
$123,853
n 21124
I'lv-iiii-iir-
liudgrl
$2,381
$142,583
$144,964
n 2024
I'lv-iili-in"-
liinliii-1 \.
1^ 2023 liuilid
Operating I'hill
$135
$20,976
$21,111
Ensure Clean Water
Marine Pollution
Surface Water Protection
Subtotal, Ensure Clean Water
$8,699
$217,125
$225,825
$10,187
$224,492
$234,679
$12,624
$267,969
$280,593
$2,437
$43,477
$45,914
Congressional Priorities (previously named Clean and Safe
Water Technical Assistance Grants)
Congressional Priorities
Total, Environmental Programs & Management
$21,700 $30,700 $0 -$30,700
$2,988,189 $3,266,330 $4,491,011 $1,224,681
Environmental Programs & Management - No Year
Alaska Contaminated Lands
Alaska Contaminated Lands
$0
$20,000
$20,000
$0
Total, Environmental Programs & Management - No
Year
$0
$20,000
$20,000
$0
Inspector General
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Total, Inspector General
$48,605
$48,605
$44,030
$44,030
$64,526
$64,526
$20,496
$20,496
Building and Facilities
Homeland Security
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
$7,049
$6,676
$6,676
$0
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Total, Building and Facilities
$24,681
$31,730
$42,076
$48,752
$105,009
$111,685
$62,933
$62,933
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Indoor Air and Radiation
Radiation: Protection
$2,011
$2,472
$3,010
$538
92
-------
Program Project by Program Area
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Compliance
Compliance Monitoring
Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement
Forensics Support
Superfiind: Enforcement
Superfiind: Federal Facilities Enforcement
Subtotal, Enforcement
n 2M22 liml
WluaK
$8,706
1^ 2023 I lKK ll lI
Operaling I'hill
$11,800
$1,278
$8,149
$1,676
$169,444
$7,263
$186,532
$1,017
$7,999
$1,240
$171,347
$8,192
$188,778
n 21124
I'lr-idi-iH"*
liudgrl
$13,847
$1,032
$8,644
$1,648
$0
$10,366
$20,658
n 2024
I'lv-idi-in"-
liinliii-1 \.
1^ 2023 liuilid
Opcraling I'hill
$2,047
$15
$645
$408
-$171,347
$2,174
-$168,120
Environmental Justice
Environmental Justice
$1,065
$5,876
$5,888
$12
Homeland Security
Flomeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and
Recovery
Flomeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
Information Exchange / Outreach
Exchange Network
IT / Data Management / Security
Information Security
IT / Data Management
Subtotal, IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Alternative E)ispute Resolution
Legal Advice: Environmental Program
Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
$35,026
$1,201
$36,226
$1,137
$1,209
$16,075
$17,284
$698
$475
$1,173
$34,661
$1,029
$35,690
$1,328
$1,062
$19,764
$20,826
$791
$599
$1,390
$56,484
$1,530
$58,014
$1,328
$7,859
$17,727
$25,586
$477
$1,357
$21,823
$501
$22,324
$0
$6,797
-$2,037
$4,760
$89
-$122
-$33
Operations and Administration
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Acquisition Management
Human Resources Management
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG Management
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
$29,102
$76,108
$23,550
$7,253
$4,188
$140,202
$31,338
$65,634
$27,247
$7,419
$4,002
$135,640
$30,207
$71,540
$33,758
$8,751
$4,601
$148,857
-$1,131
$5,906
$6,511
$1,332
$599
$13,217
93
-------
Program Project by Program Area
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainabillty
Health and Environmental Risk Assessment
Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainability
Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety for Sustainabillty
Superfund Cleanup
Superfiind: Emergency Response and Removal
Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness
Superfund: Federal Facilities
Superfund: Remedial
Subtotal, Superfund Cleanup
n 2M22 liniil
WluaK
$16,562
$9,405
$2,579
$11,984
$239,807
$9,071
$23,911
$552,089
$824,879
1^ 2023 I lKK ll lI
Oprraling I'hin
$16,937
$4,901
$8,060
$12,961
$195,000
$8,056
$26,189
$618,740
$847,985
n 21124
I'lr-idi-iH"*
liudgrl
$17,364
$5,005
$8,060
$13,065
$0
$8,445
$37,405
$0
$45,850
Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund
$1,249,039
$1,282,700
$355,856
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement $631 $661 $682
Operations and Administration
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Acquisition Management
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
LUST / UST
LUST Cooperative Agreements
LUST Prevention
Subtotal, Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Total, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Inland Oil Spill Programs
Compliance
$360 $457 $469
$922 $754 $727
$158 $181 $136
$1,440 $1,392 $1,332
$9,707 $9,991 $14,665
$50,294 $55,040 $65,040
$22,045 $25,780 $26,669
$82,045 $90,811 $106,374
$312 $341 $351
$84,427 $93,205 $108,739
n 2024
I'lv-idi-in"-
liiidiicl >¦
M 2023 liuilid
Operating I'hill
$427
$104
$0
$104
-$195,000
$389
$11,216
-$618,740
-$802,135
-$926,844
$21
$12
-$27
-$45
-$60
$4,674
$10,000
$889
$15,563
$10
$15,534
94
-------
Program Project by Program Area
Compliance Monitoring
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
LUST / UST
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
Oil
Oil Spill: Prevention, Preparedness and Response
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Total, Inland Oil Spill Programs
n 2M22 liml
WluaK
$278
-$1
M 202.i I lKK ll lI
Opcl'jlillg I'hill
$649
$0
$2,660
$17,136
$854
$782
$21,709
$2,565
$17,501
$682
$675
$22,072
n 2024
I'lv-idi-nl"-
liudgcl
$2,152
$0
n 2024
I'lv-idi-iil"-
liiidiicl >¦
M 202.> liuilid
Opcialiiig I'hill
$1,503
$0
$2,665
$21,412
$641
$681
$27,551
$100
$3,911
-$41
$6
$5,479
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages
Brownfields Projects
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
Targeted Airshed Grants
San Juan Watershed Monitoring
Safe Water for Small & Disadvantaged Communities
Reducing Lead in Drinking Water
Lead Testing in Schools
Drinking Water Infrastructure Resilience and
Sustainability
Technical Assistance for Wastewater Treatment Works
Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Reuse Grants
Water Infrastructure Workforce Investment
Technical Assistance and Grants for Emergencies
(SDWA)
Technical Assistance and Grants for Emergencies, Small
Systems
Source Water Petition Program
$39,605
$83,758
$1,018,013
$638,343
$28,711
$48,628
$59,000
$1,578
$23,173
$387
$14,431
$0
$12,000
$44,935
$3,322
$0
$0
$0
$39,686
$100,000
$1,638,861
$1,126,101
$36,386
$100,000
$69,927
$0
$30,158
$25,011
$30,500
$7,000
$27,000
$50,000
$6,000
$0
$0
$0
$40,000
$130,982
$1,638,874
$1,126,105
$36,386
$150,000
$69,927
$0
$80,005
$182,004
$36,500
$25,000
$18,000
$280,011
$17,711
$35,022
$15,000
$5,000
$314
$30,982
$13
$4
$0
$50,000
$0
$0
$49,847
$156,993
$6,000
$18,000
-$9,000
$230,011
$11,711
$35,022
$15,000
$5,000
95
-------
Program Project by Program Area
Voluntary Connections to Public Water Systems
Underserved Communities Grant to Meet SDWA
Requirements
Small System Water Loss Identification and Prevention
Midsize and Large Drinking Water System Infrastructure
Resilience and Sustainability
Indian Reservation Drinking Water Program
Advanced Drinking Water Technologies
Clean Water Act Research, Investigations, Training, and
Information
Wastewater Efficiency Grant Pilot Program
Clean Water Infrastructure Resiliency and Sustainability
Program
Small and Medium Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Circuit Rider Program
Grants for Low and Moderate income Household
Decentralized Wastewater Systems
Connection to Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Water Data Sharing Pilot Program
Storm water Infrastructure Technology
Storm water Control Infrastructure Project Grants
Alternative Water Sources Grants Pilot Program
Enhanced Aquifer Use and Recharge
Water Sector Cybersecurity
Recycling Infrastructure
Wildfire Smoke Preparedness
Subtotal, State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
n 2M22 liniil
WluaK
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$2,015,882
1^ 2023 I lKK ll lI
Ojicralinu I'hill
$0
$0
$0
$5,000
$4,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$3,000
$0
$0
$4,000
$0
$6,500
$7,000
$3,316,130
n 2024
I'lv-iili-iil"-
liud^il
$20,004
$50,030
$50,019
$50,022
$50,017
$10,000
$75,033
$20,004
$25,011
$10,000
$50,022
$40,020
$15,000
$5,000
$10,000
$25,009
$5,000
$25,000
$10,000
$7,000
$4,438,718
n 2024
I'lv-iili-in"-
liinliii-1 \.
M 2023 liuilid
()|H'ialinu I'hill
$20,004
$50,030
$50,019
$45,022
$46,017
$10,000
$75,033
$20,004
$25,011
$10,000
$50,022
$40,020
$15,000
$2,000
$10,000
$25,009
$1,000
$25,000
$3,500
$0
$1,122,588
Categorical Grants
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision
(PWSS)
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality
Management
Categorical Grant: Radon
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Monitoring Grants
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec.
106) (other activities)
Subtotal, Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec.
106)
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control
(UIC)
$169,189
$110,742
$226,481
$8,007
$18,585
$206,719
$225,304
$17,353
$11,825
$182,000
$121,500
$249,038
$10,995
$18,512
$218,488
$237,000
$14,692
$13,164
$188,999
$132,566
$400,198
$12,487
$26,515
$252,925
$279,440
$15,079
$11,387
$6,999
$11,066
$151,160
$1,492
$8,003
$34,437
$42,440
$387
-$1,777
96
-------
Program Project by Program Area
n 2024
I'lv-iili-in"-
I \ 2024 liinl»cl\.
n 2022 final
WluaK
1^ 2023 I ikk Ii iI
Ojirialinu I'lan
I'lr-idi-iH"-
liiidurl
1^ 2023 Funded
()|Hi;ilin^ 1 'hin
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation
$14,102
$14,027
$14,027
$0
Categorical Grant: Lead
$14,813
$16,326
$24,639
$8,313
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste Grants
$98,146
$105,000
$108,247
$3,247
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement
$23,091
$25,580
$25,580
$0
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention
$2,757
$4,973
$5,775
$802
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance
$4,768
$5,010
$6,877
$1,867
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program
$67,520
$74,750
$85,009
$10,259
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks
$1,475
$1,505
$1,505
$0
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management
$14,543
$16,415
$23,126
$6,711
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information
$3,586
$10,836
$15,000
$4,164
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
$9,368
$10,619
$9,811
-$808
Categorical Grant: Brownfields
$47,278
$47,195
$46,954
-$241
Categorical Grant: Multipurpose Grants
$2,509
$0
$10,200
$10,200
Subtotal, Categorical Grants
$1,072,856
$1,160,625
$1,416,906
$256,281
Congressional Priorities (previously named Clean and Safe
Water Technical Assistance Grants)
Congressionally Mandated Projects
$148
$16,973
$0
-$16,973
Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants
$3,088,886
$4,493,728
$5,855,624
$1,361,896
Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest System Fund
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
RCRA: Waste Management
$12,482
$0
$0
$0
Operations and Administration
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
$149
$0
$0
$0
Total, Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest System
Fund
$12,631
$0
$0
$0
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Fund
Ensure Clean Water
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
$154,098
$75,640
$80,443
$4,803
Total, Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Fund
$31,620
$75,640
$80,443
$4,803
Subtotal, EPA $8,420,261 $10,148,733 $12,083,273 $1,934,540
Cancellation of Funds $0 -$13,300 $0 $13,300
97
-------
Program Project by Program Area
n 2M24
I'lv-iili-in"-
I \ 2024 liinl»cl\.
1^ 21122 l iiml M 2M2.i I'.iiiKlril I'lr-itlrnr- 1^ 202.? Iiuilid
WlihiK Ojirriilinu I'hui liutlii.i l ()|H i;iliii^ I'hin
TOTAL, EPA $8,420,261 $10,135,433 $12,083,273 $1,947,840
*For ease of comparison, Superfund transfer resources for the audit and research functions are shown in the Superfund account.
**In addition to annual appropriated resources, the agency expects to receive an estimated $2.5 billion in Superfund tax receipts in FY
2024 not reflected here. These additional government revenues will support continued Superfund cleanup and enforcement.
***Note that the Hazardous Waste Electronic Manifest Program is funded from fee collections.
98
-------
Agency Resources by Appropriation
Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
FY 2022
Actuals
FY 2023
Enacted
FY 2024
Pres. Bud.
Delta
FY 2024 PB
- FY 2023
ENA
Science & Technology (S&T)
$740,947
$802,276
$967,838
$165,562
Environmental Program & Management (EPM)
$2,988,189
$3,286,330
$4,511,011
$1,224,681
Inspector General (IG)
$48,605
$44,030
$64,526
$20,496
Building and Facilities (B&F)
$31,730
$48,752
$111,685
$62,933
Inland Oil Spill programs (Oil)
$21,709
$22,072
$27,551
$5,479
Hazardous Substance Superfund (SF) Total
$1,249,039
$1,282,700
$355,856
($926,844)
-Siiperfnnd Program
$1,209,986
$1,239,293
$310,081
($929,212)
-Inspector General Transfer
$8, 706
$11,800
$13,847
$2,047
-Science & Technology Transfer
$30,347
$31,607
$31,928
$321
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
$84,427
$93,205
$108,739
$15,534
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) Total
$3,088,886
$4,493,728
$5,855,624
$1,361,896
-Categorical Grants
$1,072,856
$1,160,625
$1,416,906
$256,281
-All other STAG
$2,016,030
$3,333,103
$4,438,718
$1,105,615
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Fund
$154,098
$75,640
$80,443
$4,803
(WIFIA)
Cancellations
$0
($13,300)
$0
$13,300
Agency Total
$8,420,261
$10,135,433
$12,083,273
$1,947,840
99
-------
100
-------
Categorical Program Grants
Categorical Program Grants
By National Program and Media
(Dollars in Thousands)
Delta
%
Change
NPM / Grant
FY 2022
Actuals
FY 2023
Enacted
FY 2024
Pres Bud
FY 2024 PB -
FY 2023
Enacted
FY 2024
PB-FY
2023
Enacted
Air and
Radiation
State and Local Air Quality
Management
Tribal Air Quality Management
$226,481
$249,038
$400,198
$151,160
60.70%
$14,543
$16,415
$23,126
$6,711
40.88%
Radon
$8,007
$10,995
$12,487
$1,492
13.57%
$249,031
$276,448
$435,811
$159,363
57.65%
Water
Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
$225,304
$237,000
$279,440
$42,440
17.91%
Beaches Protection
$9,368
$10,619
$9,811
($808)
-7.61%
Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
$169,189
$182,000
$188,999
$6,999
3.85%
Wetlands Program Development
$17,353
$14,692
$15,079
$387
2.63%
$421,214
$444,311
$493,329
$49,018
11.03%
Drinking Water
Public Water System Supervision
(PWSS)
Underground Injection Control (UIC)
$110,742
$121,500
$132,566
$11,066
9.11%
$11,825
$13,164
$11,387
($1,777)
-13.50%
$122,567
$134,664
$143,953
$9,289
6.90%
Hazardous Waste
Resource Recovery and Hazardous
Waste Grants (formerly Hazardous Waste
$98,146
$105,000
$108,247
$3,247
3.09%
Financial Assistance)
Brownfields
$47,278
$47,195
$46,954
($241)
-0.51%
Underground Storage Tanks
$1,475
$1,505
$1,505
$0
0.00%
$146,899
$153,700
$156,706
$3,006
1.96%
Pesticides and Toxics
Pesticides Program Implementation
$14,102
$14,027
$14,027
$0
0.00%
Lead
$14,813
$16,326
$24,639
$8,313
50.92%
Toxics Substances Compliance
$4,768
$5,010
$6,877
$1,867
37.27%
Pesticides Enforcement
$23,091
$25,580
$25,580
$0
0.00%
$56,774
$60,943
$71,123
$10,180
16.70%.
Multimedia
Enviromnental Information
$3,586
$10,836
$15,000
$4,164
38.43%
Multipurpose Grants
$2,509
$0
$10,200
$10,200
N/A
Pollution Prevention
$2,757
$4,973
$5,775
$802
16.13%
Tribal General Assistance Program
$67,520
$74,750
$85,009
$10,259
13.72%
$76,371
$90,559
$115,984
$25,425
28.08%.
Total Categorical Grants
$1,072,856
$1,160,625
$1,416,906
$256,281
22.08%
101
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102
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Categorical Grants Overview
Categorical Grants
(Dollars in Millions)
$1,400
$1,200 -
$1,000 -
$800
$600
$400
$200
$0 -
Categorical Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests a total of $1,417 billion for categorical program grants for tribal
governments, states, interstate organizations, non-profit organizations, and inter-tribal consortia.
This represents a $256 million, or 22 percent, increase above the FY 2023 enacted level in order
to directly support EPA partners. As evidenced in the above chart, categorical grant funding at the
EPA has been relatively flat over the last decade, while costs for EPA's partners have increased.
The FY 2024 budget invests in additional categorical grant funding to support our co-
implementing partners absorb these costs and advance progress across core environmental
programs. The Agency will continue to pursue its strategy of building and supporting tribal, state,
and local capacity to implement, operate, and enforce the Nation's environmental laws. Most
environmental laws were designed with a decentralized nationwide structure to protect public
health and the environment. In this way, environmental goals will ultimately be achieved through
the collective actions, programs, and commitments of tribal, state, and local governments,
organizations, and citizens.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to offer flexibility to tribal and state governments to manage their
environmental programs as well as provide technical and financial assistance to achieve mutual
environmental goals. First, EPA and its tribal and state partners will continue implementing the
National Environmental Performance Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS is designed to provide
states the flexibility to operate their programs, while continuing to emphasize measuring and
reporting of environmental results. Second, Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs) will continue
$1,417
2015 EN 2016 EN 2017 EN 2018 EN 2019 EN 2020 EN 2021 EN 2022 EN 2023 EN 2024 PB
Note: EN - Enacted, PB - President's Budget
103
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Categorical Grants Overview
to provide tribes and states the funding flexibility to combine categorical program grants to address
environmental priorities and, in some cases, to reduce administrative burden.
HIGHLIGHTS:
State and Local Air Quality Management & Tribal Air Quality Management
The FY 2024 President's Budget requests $423.3 million for grants to support State and Local and
Tribal Air Quality Management programs, an increase of $157.9 million above the FY 2023
enacted level. Grant funds for State and Local Air Quality Management and Tribal Air Quality
Management are requested in the amounts of $400.2 million and $23.1 million, respectively. These
funds provide resources to multi-state, state, local, and tribal air pollution control agencies for the
development and implementation of programs for the prevention and control of air pollution and
for the implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) set to protect public
health and the environment.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to work with state and local air pollution control agencies to
develop and implement State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for NAAQS, monitor industry
compliance with EPA stationary source regulations, develop plans for regional haze, and develop
and operate air quality monitoring networks. EPA also will continue to work with federally
recognized tribal governments, nationwide, to develop and implement tribal air quality
management programs and to build tribal air quality management capacity.
Increased funding requested in both grant programs will help expand the efforts of tribal, state,
and local air pollution control agencies to implement their programs and to accelerate immediate
on-the-ground efforts to reduce and prevent greenhouse gases, such as expanding state- and local-
level deployment of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency programs; ensuring safe and
effective oil and gas well pollution management and prevention to reduce volatile organic
compounds (VOC) and methane emissions in communities across the Nation; supporting state and
local government development of policies and programs to facilitate build-out of electric vehicle
charging station infrastructure; and supporting programs to improve transportation options and
reduce disproportionate exposure to traffic emissions in underserved communities. Through this
funding, EPA will support environmental justice by increasing air quality monitoring in minority,
low-income, and marginalized communities that are and have been overburdened with
disproportionate environmental or public health risks resulting from exposure to pollution.
State Indoor Air Radon Grants
The FY 2024 request includes approximately $12.5 million for grants to support State Indoor Air
Radon Grant (SIRG) programs, an increase of $1.5 million above the FY 2023 enacted level. EPA
assists tribes and states through the SIRG program, which provides categorical grants to develop,
implement, and enhance programs that assess and mitigate radon risk. EPA provides guidance to
tribes and states to promote and spread effective strategies for reducing indoor radon public health
risks. EPA also works with tribes and states to support targeting SIRG funding to reduce risks for
low-income populations that lack resources to mitigate radon risk on their own.
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Categorical Grants Overview
Wetlands Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests $15.1 million for Wetlands Program Development Grants, which
provide technical and financial assistance to tribes, states, and local governments, an increase of
$0.4 million above the FY 2023 enacted level. These grants support development of tribal and
state wetland programs that further the national goal of an overall increase in the acreage and
condition of wetlands. The Wetland Program Development Grants are EPA's primary resource for
supporting tribal and state wetland program development. Wetland grants are used to develop new,
or refine existing, tribal and state wetland programs in one or more of the following areas:
monitoring and assessment, voluntary restoration and protection, regulatory programs including
Section 401 certification and Section 404 assumption, and wetland water quality standards.
Public Water System Supervision Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests $132.6 million for Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) grants,
an increase of $11.1 million above the FY 2023 enacted level. These grants assist tribes and states
to implement and enforce National Primary Drinking Water Regulations to ensure the safety of
the Nation's drinking water resources and to protect public health. Through this funding, EPA and
tribal, state, and local governments will build on current efforts to identify, prevent, and protect
drinking water from known and emerging contaminants that potentially endanger public health.
All these activities help address health-based violations, water supply shortages, and provide
operational efficiencies that protect the Nation's infrastructure investment.
Beaches Protection
In FY 2024, EPA requests $9.8 million for Beaches Protection grants. The beach grant program
awards grants to eligible tribes, coastal and Great Lakes states, and territories to improve water
quality monitoring at beaches and to notify the public of beach advisories and closings. The beach
grant program is a collaborative effort between EPA, tribes, states, territories, and local
governments to help ensure that coastal and Great Lakes recreational waters are safe for
swimming.
Nonpoint Source (NPS) (Section 319)
In FY 2024, EPA requests approximately $189 million for Nonpoint Source Program grants to
states, territories, and tribes, an increase of $7.0 million above the FY 2023 enacted level. These
grants enable states to use a range of tools to implement their programs including: both non-
regulatory and regulatory programs, technical assistance, financial assistance, education, training,
technology transfer, and demonstration projects. EPA and the USDA will work collaboratively in
high priority, focused watersheds to address agricultural nonpoint source pollution. The goal of
this collaboration is to coordinate agency efforts, thereby increasing conservation on the ground
to better protect water resources from nonpoint sources of pollution, including nitrogen and
phosphorus.
Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106 Grants)
EPA's FY 2024 request includes $279.4 million for Water Pollution Control grants to tribal, state,
and interstate water quality programs, an increase of $42.4 million above the FY 2023 enacted
level. These water quality funds assist tribal and state efforts to restore and maintain the quality of
the Nation's waters through water quality standards, improved water quality monitoring and
assessment, implementation of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and other watershed-
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Categorical Grants Overview
related plans, and to operate the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit
program.
In FY 2024, EPA requests $26 million of the Section 106 program funding be provided to states
and tribes that participate in national- and state-level statistical surveys of water resources and
enhancements to state monitoring programs.
Lead Grants
The FY 2024 request includes $24.6 million to provide support to authorized tribal and state
programs that administer training and certification programs for lead professionals and renovation
contractors engaged in lead-based paint abatement and renovation, repair, and painting activities,
as well as accreditation of training providers, an increase of $8.3 million above FY 2023 enacted
levels. The grants also will provide assistance, using a targeted approach, to tribes and states
interested in becoming authorized to run the Renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) Program.
Further, this assistance supports tribal, state, and local efforts to reduce the disparities in blood
lead levels between low-income children and non-low-income children. It also provides targeted
support to authorized programs focused on reducing exposure to lead-based paint across the
Nation, with an emphasis on better serving EJ communities and other disadvantaged sub-
populations. Activities conducted under the Program by EPA and its partners will be aligned with
the objectives of the Federal Action Plan to Reduce Childhood Lead Exposures and Associated
Health Impacts (Federal Lead Action Plan).
Pollution Prevention
In FY 2024, EPA requests $5.8 million for the Pollution Prevention (P2) grants program, an
increase of $0.8 million above the FY 2023 enacted level. The P2 Program is one of the Agency's
primary tools for advancing national environmental stewardship, pollution reduction and
elimination, source reduction, and sustainability goals through targeted and coordinated
partnerships and initiatives with federal, tribal, and state government partners, businesses,
communities, and individuals. These partnerships and initiatives alleviate environmental problems
by achieving: significant reductions in the generation of hazardous releases to air, water, and land;
reductions in the use or inefficient use of hazardous materials in support of chemical safety;
reductions in the generation of greenhouse gases in support of the Administration's climate change
initiatives; and reductions in the use of water through system improvements in support of national
infrastructure. As a result of implementing these preventative approaches, the P2 Program helps
businesses and others reduce costs and access market opportunities while concurrently advancing
the Agency's priorities to take action on climate change, better support EJ communities, and
promote sustainability initiatives that support U.S. Government-wide goals and objectives.
Increased funding will provide additional technical assistance to businesses, particularly small-
and medium-sized firms in underserved communities, to help them: identify, develop, and
implement cost-effective approaches for reducing or eliminating pollution at the source; better
understand conformance with and access to EPA Recommended Standards and Ecolabels, and
have better understanding of and access to EPA's Green Chemistry and sustainability
programming.
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Categorical Grants Overview
Underground Storage Tanks
In FY 2024, EPA requests $1.5 million for the Underground Storage Tanks (UST) grants program,
matching the FY 2023 enacted level. Grants are provided to states, under the Solid Waste Disposal
Act, to improve and enhance UST programs. STAG funds may be used for prevention activities
that are not specifically spelled out in the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 such as: applying
for state program approval to operate the UST Program in lieu of the federal program, updating
UST regulations, and providing compliance assistance. EPA anticipates that all states with state
program approval will have program renewal by the end of FY 2024. In addition, EPA anticipates
several new states will apply and be approved for SPA for the first time by the end of FY 2024.
Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests $11.4 million for the Underground Injection Control (UIC) grants
program. Grants are provided to states that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to
implement and maintain UIC programs. The funding allows for the implementation of the UIC
program, including for states and tribes to administer UIC permitting programs, provide program
oversight, implementation tools, and public outreach, and ensure that injection wells are safely
operated. In addition, EPA will continue to process primacy applications and permit applications
for Class VI geological sequestration wells.
Multipurpose Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests $10.2 million for the Multipurpose Grants program. These flexible
grants allow tribal nations and states the flexibility to fund high-priority activities that complement
work being funded under established environmental statutes to protect human health and the
environment. Recognizing that environmental challenges vary due to factors such as geography,
population density, and economic activities, this program provides EPA's partners with flexibility
to target funds to their highest priority efforts.
Tribal General Assistance Program Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests $85 million in General Assistance Program (GAP) grants to provide
tribes with a foundation to build their capacity to address environmental issues on Indian lands, an
increase of $10.2 million above the FY 2023 enacted level. This increase will assist EPA's
partnership and collaboration with tribes to address environmental program responsibilities and
challenges. Resources will support activities to help tribes transition from capacity development
to program implementation and support the development of EPA-Tribal Environmental Plans
(ETEPs) to identify EPA and tribal responsibilities for ensuring environmental and public health
responsibilities in tribal communities. These grants will assist tribal governments in building
environmental capacity to assess environmental conditions, utilize available federal and other
information, and build and administer environmental programs tailored to their unique needs.
Pesticide Enforcement and Toxics Substances Compliance Grants
The FY 2024 request includes $32.5 million to build environmental partnerships with tribes and
states that strengthen their ability to address environmental and public health threats from
pesticides and toxic substances, an increase of $1.9 million above the FY 2023 enacted level. The
compliance monitoring and enforcement state grants request consists of $25.6 million for
Pesticides Enforcement and $6.9 million for Toxic Substances Compliance grants. Tribal and state
compliance and enforcement grants will be awarded to assist in the implementation of compliance
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Categorical Grants Overview
and enforcement provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
The Toxic Substances Compliance Monitoring grant program creates environmental partnerships
with states and tribes to strengthen their ability to address environmental and public health threats
from toxic substances. More specifically, the Program funds activities that protect the public and
the environment from hazards associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
asbestos, and lead-based paint. These grants will support the increase of newly authorized state
programs, ensure current authorized states are fully funded to continue work, as well as help
address EJ concerns in overburdened and vulnerable communities. Activities conducted under the
Program by EPA and its partners associated with lead-based paint exposure protection will be
aligned with the objectives of the Federal Action Plan to Reduce Childhood Lead Exposures and
Associated Health Impacts (Federal Lead Action Plan).
Under the Pesticides Enforcement grant program, EPA provides resources to states and tribes to
conduct FIFRA compliance inspections, take appropriate enforcement actions, and implement
programs for farm worker protection. The Program also sponsors training for tribal and state
inspectors, through the Pesticide Inspector Residential Program (PIRT), and for tribal and state
managers through the Pesticide Regulatory Education Program (PREP). These grants will help
tribes and states rebuild programmatic capabilities between EPA and its partners, provide vital
laboratory capacity, protect the environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides.
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants
The FY 2024 request includes $14 million for Pesticides Program Implementation grants,
matching the FY 2023 enacted level. These resources translate pesticide regulatory decisions made
at the national level into results at the local level and help tribal, state, and other pesticide programs
stay current with changing requirements, science, and technology, while incorporating EJ
principles into their programs. These grants will assist tribes, states, and other partners, including
universities, non-profit organizations, other federal agencies, pesticide users, environmental
groups, and other entities to assist in strengthening and implementing EPA pesticide programs,
focusing on issues such as worker safety activities, including worker protection and certification
and training of pesticide applicators, protection of endangered species, protection of water
resources from pesticides, protection of pollinators, and promotion of environmental stewardship
and Integrated Pest Management (1PM) related activities. Resources will be used to support state
efforts to focus on: worker safety activities, vulnerable and limited English-speaking communities,
and grant assistance to tribes and territories. Through this assistance, EPA and its partners better
protect human health and the environment from pesticide risk while helping stakeholders realize
the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social, and environmental costs
and benefits of the use of pesticides.
Environmental Information Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests $ 15 million for the Environmental Information Exchange Network (EN)
grant program, an increase of $4.2 million above the FY 2023 enacted level. The EN grants provide
funding to federally recognized tribes, states, territories, and tribal consortia to support their
participation in the EN. These grants help EN partners acquire and develop the hardware and
software needed to connect to the EN; use the EN to collect, report, access, and analyze the data
108
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Categorical Grants Overview
they need with greater efficiency; and integrate environmental data across programs. In
collaboration with EPA, the tribes and states accept the EN as the standard approach for EPA and
state data sharing. The grant program provides the funding to make this approach a reality.
Specifically, grants will be used to develop publishing services, develop desktop and mobile
applications that can send and receive data via the network, expand the network to new priority
data systems, transition network services to an EPA-hosted cloud-based node, increase data
sharing among partners, bring electronic reporting into compliance with the Cross-Media
Electronic Reporting Rule (CROMERR) using EPA hosted shared services, as well as other
priorities.
In FY 2024, the Exchange Network Grant Program will prioritize increasing the Data and IT
management capacity of tribal and territorial partners to increase their participation in the network
and support capacity building for tribes and territories with the inclusion of mentoring resources
for first-time tribal and territorial applicants. EPA will provide a minimum of $5.6 million to tribal
and territorial grantees from within the overall EN Grant program. Additionally, EPA will continue
to work agencywide to improve the leveraging of grant resources that sustain tribal data and IT
management activities.
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests $108.2 million for Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste (formerly
Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance) grants, an increase of $3.2 million above the FY 2023
enacted level. Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste grants are used for the implementation of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste program, which includes
permitting, authorization, waste minimization, enforcement, and corrective action activities.
Brownfields Grants
In FY 2024, EPA requests $46.9 million for the Brownfields grant program that provides
assistance to tribes and states to establish core capabilities and enhance their tribal and state
Brownfields response programs. These response programs address contaminated brownfields sites
that do not require federal action but need assessment and/or cleanup before they can be ready for
reuse. Tribes and states may use grant funding under this program for a number of areas, including:
to develop a public record, create an inventory of brownfields sites, develop oversight and
enforcement authorities, conduct public education and opportunities for public participation,
develop mechanisms for approval of cleanup plans and certification that cleanup efforts are
completed, purchase environmental insurance, develop tracking and management systems for land
use, and conduct site specific activities such as assessments and cleanups at brownfields sites.
109
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110
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Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2022-FY 2024)
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Resources
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Resources
State-by-State Distribution of Actual and Estimated Obligations
Fiscal Years 2022 - 2024 - Dollars in Thousands
The following tables show state-by-state distribution of resources for EPA's two largest State and
Tribal Grant Programs, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund.
Ill
-------
Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2022-FY 2024)
Infrastructure Assistance:
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)
(Dollars in Thousands)
STATE OR TERRITORY
FY 2022 Actual FY 2023 ENA
ACT. OBLIG. TOT. OBLIG.
FY 2024 PB
EST.
OBLIG.
Alabama
$15,106
-
Alaska
$7,008
-
American Samoa
$2,640
-
Arizona
$12,603
-
Arkansas
$0
-
California
$67,454
-
Colorado
$13,846
-
Connecticut
$7,008
-
Delaware
$7,008
-
District of Columbia
$7,008
-
Florida
$27,585
-
Georgia
$16,661
-
Guam
$2,454
-
Hawaii
$7,008
-
Idaho
$7,008
-
Illinois
$26,439
-
Indiana
$10,711
-
Iowa
$28,528
-
Kansas
$8,130
-
Kentucky
$0
-
Louisiana
$10,489
-
Maine
$7,008
-
Maryland
$12,837
-
Massachusetts
$16,260
-
Michigan
$17,202
-
Minnesota
$10,697
-
Mississippi
$0
-
Missouri
$11,860
-
Montana
$7,008
-
Nebraska
$7,008
-
Nevada
$8,123
-
New Hampshire
$7,008
-
New Jersey
$11,960
-
New Mexico
$700
-
New York
$28,618
-
North Carolina
$37,423
-
North Dakota
$8,927
-
Northern Mariana Islands
$2,754
-
Ohio
$17,624
-
Oklahoma
$10,587
-
Oregon
$9,220
-
Pennsylvania
$21,577
-
Puerto Rico
$0
-
Rhode Island
$7,008
-
South Carolina
$9,075
-
South Dakota
$471
-
Tennessee
$12,172
-
Texas
$0
-
Utah
$7,008
-
Vermont
$7,008
-
Virgin Islands, U.S.
$5,261
-
Virginia
$11,434
-
Washington
$15,655
-
West Virginia
$7,008
-
Wisconsin
$11,943
-
Wyoming
$1,101
-
112
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Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2022-FY 2024)
FY 2022 Actual
FY 2023 ENA
FY 2024 PB
STATE OR TERRITORY
ACT. OBLIG.
TOT. OBLIG.
EST.
OBLIG.
Tribal Resources
$9,795
-
-
Non-state Resources1"7
$15,901
-
-
TOTAL:
$659,935
8 $1,126,101
8 $1,126,105
Notes:
1. New Mexico FY 2022 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Base Capitalization Grants was to capitalize the
recipient's DWSRF Program to improve source of water supply, replace, or construct finished water storage tanks. Public
health benefits would be statewide.
2. Interagency Agreement with the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) provides service to increase basic drinking
water access by providing drinking water infrastructure to Region 8 Indian Tribes.
3. The Cadmus Group LLC provides contracting support for the Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and HQ
contracting that enables Region 9 Direct Implement (DI) of Underground Injection Control programs benefiting tribes and
states.
4. Payroll to support Additional Supplemental Appropriation for Disaster Relief Act (ASADRA) Drinking Water Infrastructure
Program.
5. EPA staff travel to the Pacific Island Territories to support Additional Supplemental Appropriation for Disaster Relief Act
(ASADRA) Drinking Water Infrastructure Program.
6. The Buy America Build America (BABA) implementation and Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR)
provides small system monitoring costs.
7. Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Services to install an emergency connection for the Kickapoo Tribe.
8. EPA is in the process of refining the allotment formula which has been adjusted from previous years' allotment.
113
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Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2022-FY 2024)
Infrastructure Assistance:
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)
(Dollars in Thousands)
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Alabama
$13,069
$15,473
$17,931
Alaska
$6,995
$60,055
49,597
American Samoa
$6,351
$4,119
$8,701
Arizona
$7,894
$17,720
$10,831
Arkansas
$76
$9,617
$10,490
California
$83,608
$129,140
$114,687
Colorado
$9,349
$8,515
$12,827
Connecticut
$14,358
$18,507
$19,645
Delaware
$5,738
$14,280
$7,872
District of Columbia
$5,738
$3,720
$7,872
Florida
$39,452
$77,348
$54,129
Georgia
$19,761
$42,209
$27,113
Guam
$5,628
$2,980
$6,296
Hawaii
$9,415
$10,067
$12,420
Idaho
$5,681
$8,280
$7,872
Illinois
$52,908
$56,817
$72,524
Indiana
$28,167
$18,261
$38,646
Iowa
$15,743
$16,255
$21,703
Kansas
$10,550
$27,939
$14,474
Kentucky
$14,875
$22,543
$20,409
Louisiana
$12,848
$18,329
$17,628
Maine
$9,047
$31,694
$12,413
Maryland
$27,768
$29,145
$38,784
Massachusetts
$39,682
$45,492
$54,444
Michigan
$50,254
$65,506
$68,951
Minnesota
$21,482
$26,307
$29,474
Mississippi
$105
$29,827
$14,447
Missouri
$32,400
$38,406
$44,454
Montana
$5,681
$3,720
$7,872
Nebraska
$6,038
$3,876
$8,202
Nevada
$5,938
$21,990
$7,872
New Hampshire
$11,680
$17,507
$16,025
New Jersey
$48,061
$59,090
$65,529
New Mexico
$1,423
$17,672
$7,872
New York
$129,000
$147,274
$177,001
North Carolina
$21,093
$30,961
$28,941
North Dakota
$5,681
$3,720
$7,872
Northern Mariana Islands
$3,163
$2,825
$4,044
Ohio
$658
$78,991
$90,275
Oklahoma
$10,394
$17,058
$12,955
Oregon
$13,279
$24,512
$18,115
Pennsylvania
$69,976
$58,531
$63,520
Puerto Rico
$1,619
$9,883
$20,915
Rhode Island
$7,848
$15,916
$10,767
South Carolina
$11,973
$27,285
$16,428
South Dakota
$57
$3,720
$7,872
Tennessee
$16,978
$15,130
$23,295
Texas
$534
$71,034
$73,293
Utah
$6,158
$16,492
$8,449
Vermont
$5,088
$2,390
$5,050
Virgin Islands, U.S.
$5,738
$5,640
$7,872
Virginia
$239
$22,267
$32,818
Washington
$20,122
$29,232
$27,887
West Virginia
$18,219
$36,951
$24,998
Wisconsin
$31,597
$24,907
$43,352
Wyoming
$68
$3,720
$7,872
114
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Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2022-FY 2024)
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Tribal Resources
$8,256
$15,515
$32,777
Non-state Resources1"7
$3,999
$2,500
$2,500
TOTAL:
$1,018,034
$1,638,860
$1,638,874
Notes:
1 Interagency Agreement with the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) provides services to
increase basic sanitation access by providing wastewater infrastructure to Indian Tribes.
2 Obligation Reversals and Other Accounting Adjustments: Compass Financials accounting adjustment entry of
Carryover Out and Recoveries Withdrawn.
3 Contract to Tetra Tech Company for Watershed Plan Training.
4 Section 424 P.L. 114.113, which amended the Clean Water Act (CWA), provides EPA the authority to retain
up to 0.25 percent of Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
(DWSRF) appropriated funds for America Iron and Steel Management and Oversight.
5 Payroll to support Additional Supplemental Appropriation for Disaster Relief Act (ASADRA) Clean Water
Infrastructure Program.
6 EPA staff travel to the Pacific Island Territories to support Additional Supplemental Appropriation for
Disaster Relief Act (ASADRA) for the Clean Water Infrastructure Program.
7 EPA's Clean Watersheds Needs Survey (CWNS) is an assessment of capital investment needed nationwide
for publicly-owned wastewater collection and treatment facilities to meet the water quality goals of the Clean
Water Act (CWA).
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Infrastructure Financing
Infrastructure/STAG Project Financing
Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds
The FY 2024 President's Budget requests a total of $4.5 billion for EPA's Infrastructure programs
in the State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) and Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Act (WIFIA) accounts. Infrastructure programs include: the State Revolving Funds (SRFs),
WIFIA, Alaska Native Villages, Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure (DWWIA)
programs, Brownfields Projects, etc. In addition, in FY 2024, EPA will continue implementing the
Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016 (WIIN) and America's Water
Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA) legislation to address water infrastructure challenges
throughout the Nation while promoting resiliency to climate change.
With funds provided to the SRFs and technical assistance funding through EPA's operating
programs, in FY 2024, EPA will continue its efforts to build the capacity of local utilities, private
investors, and state programs to expand their contribution to the array of funding options to meet
future infrastructure needs. Infrastructure and targeted project funding, under the STAG
appropriation, provides financial assistance to states, municipalities, and tribal governments to
fund a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air, and brownfields environmental projects. These
funds help fulfill the federal government's commitment to help our state, tribal, and local partners
comply with federal environmental requirements to ensure public health and revitalize
contaminated properties.
By providing STAG funds to capitalize the SRF programs, EPA enables the states to provide low-
cost loans and grants to municipalities for infrastructure construction. All drinking water and
wastewater projects are funded based on state-developed priority lists. Through the SRF set-asides,
grants are available to Indian tribes and United States (U.S.) territories for infrastructure projects.
The resources included in this budget request will enable the Agency, in conjunction with EPA's
state, local, and tribal partners, to achieve important goals related to climate change, equity, and
jobs.
Capitalizing Drinking Water and Clean Water State Revolving Funds
The Drinking Water and Clean Water SRF programs demonstrate a true partnership between
states, localities, and the federal government. These programs provide federal financial assistance,
in the form of capitalization grants, to states to protect the Nation's water resources. These funds
are used for the construction of drinking water and wastewater infrastructure and treatment
facilities. The state revolving funds are two important elements of the Nation's substantial
investment in sewage treatment and drinking water systems, which provide Americans with
significant benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safer drinking water.
This federal investment also will support the continued work of the SRFs in ensuring that small
and underserved communities have tools available to help address their pressing water
infrastructure and other water quality needs. Many small systems face significant investment needs
critical for the public health and environmental safety of the towns and cities they serve. EPA will
focus on issues such as: financial planning for future infrastructure investments (applications,
exploring financing options, planning and design); expanding current work with states to identify
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Infrastructure Financing
additional financing opportunities for small communities; and enhancing collaboration with the
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) on training, technical assistance, and funding
opportunities for small communities. To maintain a focus on communities most in need, states are
required to provide a portion of their capitalization grant as additional subsidization to
disadvantaged communities in their state.
EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water projects through
the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). CWSRF projects also include estuary, storm
water, and sewer overflow projects. The dramatic progress made in improving the quality of
wastewater treatment since the 1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 78.2 million people were
served by secondary or advanced wastewater treatment facilities. As of 2012 (from the most recent
Clean Watersheds Needs Survey; updated survey data collection is currently underway), over 99
percent of Publicly Owned Treatment Works, serving 234 million people, use secondary treatment
or better. Water infrastructure projects, supported by the program, contribute to direct ecosystem
improvements by lowering the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in all types of surface
waters.
The FY 2024 request includes almost $1,639 billion in funding for the CWSRF. Total CWSRF
funding provided for projects over the life of the program exceeds $153 billion. This total includes
loan repayments, state match dollars, as well as other funding sources. EPA estimates that for
every federal dollar that has been contributed, over three dollars have been made available to
municipalities to fund infrastructure projects.
The FY 2024 request includes $1,126 billion in funding for the Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund (DWSRF). The total DWSRF assistance, provided over the life of the program, exceeds
$48.5 billion. This total includes loan repayments, state match dollars, as well as other funding
sources. EPA estimates that for every federal dollar that has been contributed, approximately two
dollars have been made available to municipalities to fund infrastructure projects. The DWSRF
helps address the costs of ensuring safe drinking water supplies and assists small communities in
meeting their responsibilities.
Tribal communities are often in need of assistance given aging or inadequate sanitation and
drinking water infrastructure, which can cause significant public health concerns. To help address
this situation, EPA is requesting a tribal funding floor of two percent, or $30 million for the
CWSRF and $20 million for the DWSRF, whichever is greater, of the funds appropriated in FY
2024.
For FY 2024, EPA requests 10 percent of the CWSRF funds and 14 percent of the DWSRF funds
be made available to each state to be used to provide additional subsidy to eligible recipients in
the form of forgiveness of principle, negative interest loans, or grants (or a combination of these).
Under the DWSRF, EPA requests to allow states to exceed 14 percent if there is an emergency
declared for lead. For FY 2024, the EPA will encourage states to utilize the subsidy to assist small
drinking water and wastewater systems with standards compliance.
For FY 2024, EPA also is continuing to request a $12 million set-aside from the DWSRF in order
to implement the expansion of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) program.
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Infrastructure Financing
The 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) established the current UCMR program including
statutory provisions that require EPA to coordinate and pay the monitoring costs for a
representative selection of small water systems that serve fewer than 10,000 individuals. Section
2021 of the AWIA requires, subject to availability of appropriations and adequate laboratory
capacity, all Public Water Systems (PWSs) serving 3,300 to 10,000 persons to monitor under
future UCMR cycles and ensure that a nationally representative sample of PWSs serving fewer
than 3,300 persons monitor under future UCMR cycles. Traditionally, under this emerging
contaminant monitoring program, EPA would require sampling at 800 small water systems that
would be selected to represent the over 60,000 small water systems throughout the country. Based
on the AWIA revisions to the SDWA, EPA is now preparing to significantly expand the small
water system monitoring program. Starting with UCMR 5 (FY 2022-2026), the total number of
small systems monitored is expected to increase by 7.5 times, from 800 to approximately
6,000. This will include approximately 5,200 public water systems that serve between 3,300 and
10,000 individuals and a representative selection of 800 systems serving fewer than 3,300
individuals.
The FY 2024 President's Budget supports the authority of the existing small set-aside for the
American Iron and Steel (AIS) requirement from the CWSRF to fund future Clean Watershed
Needs Surveys (CWNS). The CWNS is a comprehensive assessment of the capital needs to meet
the water quality goals in response to Sections 205(a) and 516 of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
This assessment and documentation of future needs is critical in the effort to manage and fund our
Nation's wastewater infrastructure. A comprehensive CWNS is an important tool for identifying
critical water quality needs in communities across the Nation, including small and disadvantaged
communities, and opportunities to invest in climate resiliency. The current set-aside of up to $1.5
million will allow EPA to continue to fully fund the required Clean Water AIS management and
oversight activities and provide reliable and sufficient resources to conduct the CWNS.
For FY 2024, EPA also is requesting a seven percent set-aside of the total amount of funding
provided for Community Project Funding/ Congressionally Directed Items in order to fund the
agency's administration of the projects. This set-aside would provide a dedicated source of
administrative funding for any enacted community project funding/ congressionally directed items
and will ensure timely awards and proper management over each project's multi-year life cycles.
Without dedicated funds, providing timely awards and meeting the workload associated with these
projects will be a major challenge.
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act Program
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to fund the WIFIA program. The FY 2024 request of $80.4 million
will support WIFIA credit assistance to finance drinking water and wastewater infrastructure
projects. The WIFIA program will accelerate investment in our Nation's water and wastewater
infrastructure by providing supplemental credit assistance to credit worthy nationally and
regionally significant water projects. With a request of $80.4 million in appropriations, including
$72 million in credit subsidy, EPA could potentially provide over $8 billion in credit assistance
and, when combined with other funding sources, help to spur over $16 billion in total infrastructure
investment.1 It is expected that entities with complex water and wastewater projects will be
1 This approximation is based on notional calculations. Subsidy cost is determined on a loan-by-loan basis.
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Infrastructure Financing
attracted to WIFIA and EPA will work to provide assistance to a diverse set of projects. EPA also
will work to assist small and underserved communities with limited ability to repay loans. Through
the Water Infrastructure and Resiliency Finance Center, EPA will work to promote public/private
collaboration and maintain an ongoing dialogue with the financial community to encourage
investment in the water market as well as innovative financing.
Water Infrastructure Grant Programs under Multiple Acts
In FY 2024, EPA proposes approximately $1.2 billion to implement the grant programs authorized
in the America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA), the Water Infrastructure
Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016 (WIIN), and the Drinking Water and Wastewater
Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA). DWWIA re-authorizes and strengthens many existing
programs under AWIA and WIIN while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure.
Implementation of these programs will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in
water infrastructure in communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have
access to safe drinking water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution.
Among the resources proposed for FY 2024, a combined $340.7 million is requested to implement
four programs originally established under AWIA, including the Drinking Water Infrastructure
Resilience, Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Reuse Grants, Technical Assistance for Wastewater
Treatment Work, and Water Infrastructure and Workforce Investment. To support the President's
priority on addressing lead and other contaminants in drinking water, especially in small and
disadvantaged communities, a total of $298.5 million will be invested in three grant programs
originally under WIIN, including the Reducing Lead in Drinking Water, Safe Water for Small and
Disadvantaged Communities Drinking Water, and Lead Testing in Schools programs. In addition,
EPA requests $565 million to support 20 new DWWIA grants programs at the full authorization
level.
Also included in the FY 2024 request is $40 million for Alaska native villages for the construction
of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address sanitation problems unique to this area of
the country. EPA will continue to work with the Department of Health and Human Services' Indian
Health Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native Tribal Health Council, and local
communities to provide needed financial and technical assistance.
Diesel Emissions Reduction Act Grants
The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) program authorizes funding to provide immediate,
effective emission reductions from existing diesel engines through engine retrofits, rebuilds, and
replacements; switching to cleaner fuels; idling reduction strategies; and other clean diesel
strategies. DERA promotes strategies to reduce harmful emissions of NOx, PM2.5, HC, CO, and
CO2 and protect public health by working with manufacturers, fleet operators, air quality
professionals, environmental and community organizations, Tribes, and state and local officials.
The FY 2024 President's Budget requests $150 million in DERA funding to accelerate the
reduction of diesel emissions in communities, including targeting its discretionary funding to direct
DERA grants and rebates to reduce diesel emissions in priority areas of highly concentrated diesel
pollution to tackle the climate change crisis, such as ports and areas with environmental justice
concerns.
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Infrastructure Financing
Hrown fields Projects
The FY 2024 President's Budget requests approximately $131 million for Brownfields Projects,
with a particular focus on those in disadvantaged communities. This investment includes $15
million dedicated for quality cooperative agreements targeted at communities affected by the
retirement of coal-fired plants. With the FY 2024 request, EPA plans to fund assessment
cooperative agreements, direct cleanup cooperative agreements, supplemental Revolving Loan
Fund cooperative agreements, multipurpose cooperative agreements, and Environmental
Workforce Development & Job Training cooperative agreements, as well as provide technical
assistance to support states, tribes, and communities. EPA also will support the assessment and
cleanup of sites contaminated by petroleum or petroleum products.
In FY 2024, the funding requested is expected to result in the assessment and cleanup of
approximately 1,700 brownfields properties located in economically, socially, and
environmentally disadvantaged communities.2 Using EPA grant dollars, the brownfields grantees
will leverage approximately 13,400 jobs and approximately $2.6 billion in other funding sources.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to foster federal, state, local, and public/private partnerships to
return properties to productive economic use in communities.
Mexico Border
The FY 2024 President's Budget requests a total of $36.4 million for water infrastructure projects
along the U.S.-Mexico Border. EPA works collaboratively with federal, state, and local partners
and the Mexican water agency - CONAGUA - through the U.S.-Mexico Border Water
Infrastructure Program to fund planning, design, and construction of high-priority water and
wastewater treatment facilities for underserved communities along the border. Investments in
wastewater and drinking water infrastructure in communities on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico
Border reduce disease and health care costs because exposure to raw sewage and drinking water
contaminants cause acute and chronic illnesses. U.S.-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure projects
stimulate local economies through public health-related economic gains, job creation, and
increased demand for goods and services.
Recycling Infrastructure
The President's Budget requests $10 million for a grant program to further assist EPA's partners
to achieve progress on the ground in solid waste management infrastructure and post-consumer
materials management. This investment will use the authority provided in the Save our Seas 2.0
Act,3 which was passed by Congress in December 2020. The Solid Waste Infrastructure for
Recycling (SWIFR) financing program will help reduce waste, reduce greenhouse emissions,
increase disadvantaged communities' access to recycling programs and services, and create jobs.
2 See Brownfields Assessment Proposal Guidelines for evaluation criteria (https://www.epa.gov/brownfields/multipurpose-
assessment-rlf-and-cleanup-marc-grant-application-resources.)
3 For additional information, please visit: https://www.congress.gov/! 16/plaws/publ224/PLAW-l 16publ224.pdf.
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Trust Funds
Trust Funds
(Dollars in Millions)
I V 2022
I V 21)23
I V 2024
Actual liudiict
Knacled
President's Budget
Trust riincls Program
$
iti:
$
in:
$
in:
Superfund1'2
$1,210
2518.0
$1,239
2,572.4
$310
2,614.3
Inspector General
(Transfers)
$12
39.8
$12
42.5
$14
49.0
Research & Development
(Transfers)
$30
65.4
$32
63.1
$32
63.1
Superfund Total
$1,249
2,623.2
$1,283
2,678.0
$356
2,726.4
LUST
$84
42.3
$93
49.4
$109
54.6
Trust I iiihIs Total
$1,333
2.665.5
SI.376
2,727.4
$465
2.781.0
Totals may not add due to rounding.
1 FTE numbers include all direct and reimbursable Superfund employees, including FTE which are proposed to be transitioned to
the Superfund tax receipts in FY 2024. FTE funded from expected tax revenue count against the agency's FTE ceiling.
2 In FY 2023 and FY 2024, the Superfund tax receipt resource levels are not included in the totals.
Superfund
In FY 2024, the President's Budget requests a total of $355.9 million in budget authority and
2,726.4 FTE for EPA's Superfund program. This lower amount accounts for the proposal to
transition the Superfund Remedial, Superfund Emergency Response and Removal, and the
Superfund Enforcement programs to be funded by the anticipated revenue generated from the
Superfund taxes- which is expected to be $2.5 billion in FY 2024.1'2'3 The Superfund Remedial
program also will have access to the additional resources from the enacted infrastructure law that
will continue to advance work in this important area. EPA will utilize resources to carry out the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980,
as amended.
In FY 2024, EPA will continue to address environmental and public health risks resulting from
releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances associated with any emergency site, as well
1 On November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [(IIJA), P.L. 117-58] reinstated and modified the
excise taxes on certain listed chemicals and imported substances that are used as materials in their manufacture or
production one or more of those listed chemicals ("Superfund chemical taxes"). The Superfund chemical taxes went
into effect July 1, 2022 and expire on December 31, 2031.
2 On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act [(IRA), P.L. 117-169] reinstated and modified the taxes on oil
and petroleum products. The oil and petroleum taxes went into effect on January 1, 2023.
3 On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2023 (P.L. 117-328) included legislative language
that allows all tax receipts collected in the Superfund Trust Fund from the prior fiscal year to be available to
implement Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) without further
congressional appropriation and designated as emergency funding.
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Trust Funds
as over 1,336 active Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) and non-NPL sites.4 It also provides
funding to pursue responsible parties for cleanup costs, preserving federal dollars for sites where
there are no viable contributing parties. As of December 2022, there were 1,788 sites on or deleted
from the NPL. Of these, 1,238 sites5 have construction completions and 140 partial deletions have
occurred at 108 NPL sites. In FY 2022, EPA made 16 Superfund sites ready for anticipated use.
Reuse and restoration of Superfund NPL sites directly support President Biden's Executive Order
14008, Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad (January 27, 2021).6 In FY 2024, EPA
will continue to prioritize resources to execute its non-delegable, federal responsibility to
remediate sites and protect human health, welfare, and the environment.
Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $45.9 million and 1,276.0 FTE7 are for Superfund
cleanup programs which include the Superfund Remedial, Emergency Response and Removal,
EPA Emergency Preparedness, and Federal Facilities programs. While the FY 2024 Budget
proposes to transition funding the Superfund Remedial and Superfund Emergency Response and
Removal programs from annual appropriations to the Superfund tax receipts, the FTE in these
programs remain in the Agency's FTE ceiling and the pace of work is not expected to be impacted.
Other components of the program area, including Superfund EPA Emergency Preparedness and
Superfund Federal Facilities will continue to be funded from annual appropriations. Based on an
analysis of recent fiscal year data, more than 75 percent of Superfund Remedial and Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) site-specific funds were obligated to Superfund NPL sites where
there is a potential for environmental justice concerns. The Superfund program protects the
American public and its resources by cleaning up sites which pose an imminent or long-term risk
of exposure and harm to human health and the environment. While conducting cleanup at NPL
and non-NPL sites, Superfund remedial construction projects and Superfund removals can enhance
our national infrastructure while addressing these harmful exposures.
In FY 2024, the Agency will continue to respond to emergency releases of hazardous substances
through the Superfund Emergency Response and Removal program, stabilizing sites, and
mitigating immediate threats to keep our communities safe and healthy. The Superfund Remedial
program will continue to maintain focus on completing projects at various stages in the response
process and endeavor to maximize the use of site-specific special accounts. Special account funds
may not be used for sites or uses not specified in the settlement agreement, and as a result special
account resources, annually appropriated resources, and Superfund tax receipts are critical to the
Superfund program.
4 Data provided from EPA's Superfund Enterprise Management System (SEMS) and as posted as of December 22,
2022 on: https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-national-priorities-list-npl.
5 Starting in FY 2014, the universe of potential site-wide construction completion sites includes final and deleted
NPL sites as well as sites with Superfund Alternative Approach (SAA) agreements. Since FY 2014, construction
completion has been achieved at nine sites with SAA agreements. Prior to FY 2014, CCL was achieved at nine sites
with SAA agreements. For more information about SAA sites, see: http://www.epa.gov/enforcement/superfund-
alternative-approach.
6 For additional information, please refer to: https://www.whitehonse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021
/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/.
7 This includes the Superfund Remedial and Superfund Emergency Response and Removal FTE which are proposed
to be transitioned to the Superfund tax receipts.
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Trust Funds
Of the total funding requested, $20.7 million and 854.2 FTE8 are for Superfund enforcement-
related activities. While the FY 2024 Budget proposes to transition funding the Superfund
Enforcement program from annual appropriations to the Superfund tax receipts, the FTE in this
program remain in the Agency's FTE ceiling. Other components of the program area, including
Criminal Enforcement, Forensics Support, and Superfund Federal Facilities Enforcement will
continue to be funded from annual appropriations. One of the Superfund program's primary goals
is to have responsible parties pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites. In FY 2022, the Superfund Enforcement program secured private party commitments
for cleanup and cost recovery and billed for oversight amounts totaling more than $670.2 million.
CERCLA authorizes the Agency to retain and use funds received pursuant to an agreement with a
potentially responsible party (PRP) to carry out the purpose of that agreement. EPA retains such
funds in special accounts and uses them to finance site-specific CERCLA response actions in
accordance with the settlement agreement, including, but not limited to, investigations,
construction and implementation of the remedy, post-construction activities, and oversight of PRPs
conducting the cleanup. Through the use of special accounts, EPA ensures responsible parties pay
for cleanup so that the annually appropriated resources from the Superfund Trust Fund are
preserved for sites where no viable or liable PRPs have been identified. Through the end of FY
2022, EPA has collected approximately $8.1 billion from PRPs and earned approximately $797.6
million in interest. In addition, for those sites that had no additional work planned or costs to be
incurred by EPA, EPA has transferred over $59.0 million to the Superfund Trust Fund for future
appropriation by Congress. As of the end of FY 2022, over $4.8 billion has been disbursed to
finance site response actions and approximately $416.5 million has been obligated but not yet
disbursed. EPA has plans to spend approximately $1.4 billion of currently available special
account funds over the next 5 years, but funds also are planned much further into the future to
continue activities, such as conducting five-year reviews or remedy optimization.
EPA's Homeland Security work is a component of the federal government's prevention,
protection, and response activities. The FY 2024 President's Budget requests approximately $55.0
million, within the Hazardous Substance Superfund Account, to: maintain the Agency's capacity
to respond to incidents that may involve harmful chemical, biological, radiological, and Nuclear
(CBRN) substances; develop and maintain Agency expertise and operational readiness for all
phases of consequence management following a CBRN incident; and conduct CBRN training for
the Agency's responders to improve CBRN preparedness. These resources also support conducting
research to enhance response capabilities by developing methods, tools, and information for site
characterization, decontamination, waste management, and clearance for priority chemical,
biological, and radiological threats all while reducing time and cost and ensuring safety. In
addition, EPA will conduct research to generate resources, tools, and training for risk
communication outreach, building relationships, and community engagement to empower under-
resourced communities and populations with environmental justice concerns.
The FY 2024 President's Budget also includes resources to support agencywide resource
management and control functions. This includes essential infrastructure, contract and grant
administration, financial accounting, and other fiscal operations. Appropriated resources support
8 This includes the Superfund Enforcement FTE which are proposed to be transitioned to the Superfund tax receipts.
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Trust Funds
both the activities accomplished with special accounts and those funded with annual
appropriations.
In addition, the Agency provides funds for Superfund program research and for auditing. The
President's Budget requests $31.9 million and 63.1 FTE to be transferred to Research and
Development. Research will enable EPA's Superfund program to accelerate scientifically
defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex contaminated Superfund sites and
support the development of decontamination techniques for a wide-area CBRN event. The
Superfund research program is driven by program needs to reduce the cost of cleaning up
Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of characterizing and remediating sites, identify effective
remediation technologies, and reduce the scientific uncertainties for improved decision-making at
Superfund sites. The President's Budget also requests $13.8 million and 49.0 FTE to be transferred
to the Inspector General for program auditing.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
The FY 2024 President's Budget requests $108.7 million and 54.6 FTE for the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund program. The Agency, working with states and
tribes, addresses public health and environmental threats from releases through detection and
cleanup activities. As required by law (42 U.S.C. 6991c(f)), not less than 80 percent of LUST
funds appropriated to cleanup will be used for reasonable costs incurred under cooperative
agreements with any state to carry out related purposes.
While tank owners and operators are liable for the cost of cleanups at leaking underground storage
tank sites for which they have responsibility, EPA and state regulatory agencies are not always
able to identify responsible parties and sometimes responsible parties are no longer financially
viable or have a limited ability to pay. In those cases, the cost of the site cleanup is distributed
among fuel users through a targeted fuel tax, which is available for appropriation from Congress
to support leak prevention and the cleanup of sites addressed under the LUST program. For FY
2022, the LUST Trust Fund received more than $251.6 million in gross tax receipts.
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Programs Proposedfor Elimination
Eliminated Programs
Eliminated Program Projects1
Water Quality Research and Support Grants (also referred to as Congressional Priorities)
(FY 2024 President's Budget: $0.0, 0.0 FTE)
This program is proposed for elimination in the FY 2024 President's Budget. Work to advance water quality
protection can be accomplished within core statutory programs funded in the Budget request. This program
focuses on water quality and water availability research, the development and application of water quality
criteria, the implementation of watershed management approaches, and the application of technological
options to restore and protect water bodies. For training and technical assistance aspects of the Program,
states have the ability to develop technical assistance plans for their water systems using Public Water
System Supervision funds and set-asides from the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF). For
research and development components of the Program, EPA was instructed by Congress to award grants
on a competitive basis, independent of the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program and give priority
to not-for-profit organizations that: conduct activities that are national in scope; can provide a twenty-five
percent match, including in-kind contributions; and often partner with the Agency.
San Juan Watershed Monitoring (formerly Gold King Mine Water Monitoring)
(FY 2024 President's Budget: $0.0, 0.0 FTE)
This program is proposed for elimination in the FY 2024 Budget due to project completion. This program
was established under Section 5 004(d) of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016
(WIIN). EPA and the tribes and states in the San Juan watershed - Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah,
Navajo Nation, Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, and Southern Ute Indian Tribe - work together to monitor water
quality and use the best available data and science to identify and implement pollution prevention and
restoration projects to improve water quality. Additional programs exist that the states may use to monitor
the water quality of the San Juan watershed.
1 Although not eliminated, funding for Superfund Enforcement, Remedial and Emergency Response and Removal
programs is proposed to be transitioned from annual appropriations to Superfund Tax receipts in FY 2024. Work
will continue and FTE will be funded through the tax receipts as reimbursable FTE and included in the annual FTE
count.
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128
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Highlights of Major Program Changes
Highlights of Major Program Changes
Note that the numbers in text descriptions may be rounded
Programs with Increases (in Descending Order)
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (Multiple) (STAG)
(FY 2023 ENA: $173.8 M/2 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $1,190 B/121.6 FTE; Change: +$1,016 B/119.6
FTE)
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country and the budget requests
over $1 billion in additional funding to support DWWIA programs. Implementation of the Act will
enhance the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in communities in every
state so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking water and our Nation's
waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens many existing programs
within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure, , invest in new
technologies, and provide assistance to underserved communities. The FY 2024 Budget proposes
$1.19 billion, an increase of $1.02 billion above the FY 2023 enacted level, to support all the
DWWIA programs. Of this amount, $565 million is requested to meet the DWWIA authorized
levels for 20 new programs. DWWIA program level changes are highlighted below:
• Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Reuse Grants
(FY 2023 ENA: $50 M/0 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $280 M/5 FTE; Change: +$230 M/5 FTE)
This program provides funding to address sewer overflows and stormwater management, including
reuse, to support the growing need to improve the infrastructure and management of combined
sewer overflows, sanitary sewer overflows, and stormwater issues.
• Reducing Lead in Drinking Water
(FY 2023 ENA: $25 M/l FTE; FY 2024 PB: $182 M/l FTE; Change: +$157 M/0 FTE)
This program was established in the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act to
reduce the concentration of lead in drinking water. The increase of resources supports the
President's priority of addressing lead in drinking water, especially in small and disadvantaged
communities.
• Safe Water for Small and Disadvantaged Communities
(FY 2023 ENA: $30.2 M/l FTE; FY 2024 PB: $80 M/l FTE; Change: +$49.8 M/0 FTE)
This program provides assistance to underserved communities that have no household drinking
water or wastewater services or are served by a public water system that violates or exceeds any
maximum contaminant level, treatment technique, or action level.
• Indian Reservation Drinking Water Program
(FY 2023 ENA: $4 M/ 0 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $50 M/8 FTE; Change: +$46 M/8 FTE)
This program continues to develop the Indian reservation drinking water grant program (which has
not been appropriated to date), extending to projects on Indian reservations that connect, expand,
or repair existing public water systems, as well as ambient water quality or sanitation projects for
treatment works.
• Midsize and Large Drinking Water System Infrastructure
(FY 2023 ENA: $5 M/0 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $50 M/10 FTE; Change: +$45 M/10 FTE)
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This program supports the resilience and sustainability of public water systems serving more than
10,000 people; including projects that increase resilience to natural hazards, cybersecurity
vulnerabilities, or extreme weather events.
• Drinking Water Infrastructure Resilience
(FY 2023 ENA: $7 M; FY 2024 PB: $25 M; Change: +$18 M)
This program supports water infrastructure in communities, ensuring access to safe drinking water
and supports the President's priority of assisting eligible entities in the planning, design,
construction, implementation, operation, or maintenance of a program or project that increases
resilience to natural hazards.
• Water Infrastructure Workforce Investment
(FY 2023 ENA: $6 M; FY 2024 PB: $17.7 M; Change: +$11.7 M)
This program provides competitive grants to promote water utility workforce development and
increase public awareness of water utilities and careers.
• Stormwater Infrastructure Technology
(FY 2023 ENA: $3 M/0 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $5 M/l FTE; Change: +2 M/l FTE)
This competitive grant program aims at creating between three and five centers of excellence for
new and emerging stormwater control infrastructure technologies.
Environmental Justice (EPM and SF)
(FY 2023 ENA: $108 M/223.6 FTE; FY2024 PB: $375 M/264.6FTE; Change: +$267M/41 FTE)
This program leads and coordinates the Agency's efforts to address the needs of vulnerable
communities by decreasing environmental burdens, increasing environmental benefits, and
building collaborative partnerships with all stakeholders to build healthy, sustainable communities.
The increase in resources and FTE will support the Agency's newly created national program
manager, the Office of Environmental Justice and External Civil Rights (OEJECR), to
significantly expand its base activity and agencywide coordination required across the EJ Program.
Increased funding also will be provided to three grant programs and a training program. This
increase will fully build out the Thriving Community Technical Assistance Centers to support
capacity building of communities and their partners to advance equity and justice in their
communities and support ongoing response efforts for Red Hill, HI to protect communities and
ensure safe drinking water. Furthermore, additional resources are provided to: 1) support and
improve the national EJ screening and mapping tool (EJScreen), with a focus on identifying and
adding new data sources to the tool and enhancing user interface elements; 2) update EPA's IT
systems to support the Climate and Economic Justice Screening tool and the EJ Clearinghouse;
and 3) support for the interagency coordination, including the National Environmental Justice
Advisory Council, the White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council, and other federal
advisory council activities.
Federal Support for Air Quality Management (EPM and S&T)
(FY 2023 ENA: $159 M/879.3 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $366.7 M/1079.7 FTE; Change: +$207.6
M/200.4 FTE)
This program supports development of State Implementation Plans (SIPs) through modeling and
other tools and assists states in implementing, attaining, maintaining, and enforcing the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants. The increase in funding will
support critical work to implement climate and clean air regulations and programs, including
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activities such as reviewing and implementing state plans required under forthcoming GHG
standards, priority NAAQS work, taking timely action on SIPs, reducing the SIP backlog, air
monitoring and analysis, and environmental justice activities. Additional resources also will
support the development and implementation of a community air quality monitoring and
notification program to provide real-time data to the public in areas with greatest exposure to
harmful levels of pollution. This increase supports work to reduce GHG emissions to tackle the
climate crisis and ensure equitable environmental outcomes to advance environmental justice.
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality Management (STAG)
(FY 2023 ENA: $249 M; FY 2024 PB: $400.2 M; Change: +$151.2 M)
This program provides funding for state air programs, as implemented by state, multi-state, and
local air agencies. This increase in grant resources will help expand the efforts of air pollution
control agencies to implement their programs and to accelerate immediate on-the-ground efforts
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The increase also will enhance the resiliency, capacity, and
capability of air monitoring systems for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and
local-scale monitoring and will support additional air quality monitoring in disadvantaged
communities suffering from disproportionate impact of traffic emissions.
Climate Protection (EPM and S&T)
(FY 2023 ENA: $109.8 M/216.1 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $181.2 M/256.7 FTE; Change: +$71.5 M/40.6
FTE)
This program uses an integrated approach of regulations, partnerships, and technical assistance to
tackle the climate crisis at home and abroad. The increase in funding and FTE will help reduce
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while also addressing environmental justice. This increase
enables EPA to take strong action on CO2 and methane as well as high-global warming potential
climate pollutants, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), as directed under the AIM Act; restores the
capacity of EPA's climate partnership programs; and strengthens EPA's capacity to apply its
modeling tools and expertise across a wide range of high priority work areas including supporting
U.S. participation in the Paris Agreement. A portion of this investment will also support EPA
working with NASA on prototyping capabilities for a GHG monitoring and information system to
make data more accessible and usable to federal, state, and local governments, researchers, the
public, and other users. Additionally, the increase supports implementation of the GHG Reduction
Fund under the Inflation Reduction Act.
Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic Programs (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $7 M/28.2 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $72.2 M/52.2 FTE; Change: +$65.2 M/24 FTE)
This program implements actions to help protect both the climate system and the stratospheric
ozone layer, which shields all life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This
increase in resources and FTE supports the implementation of provisions in the American
Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act to phase down the use of hydrofluorocarbons, to
facilitate U.S. entry to the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, and to restore the Agency's
capacity to tackle the climate crisis. A portion of this increase is to develop a grant program that
will provide grants to small businesses for the purchase of new specialized equipment for the
recycling, recovery, or reclamation of a substitute for a regulated substance.
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Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certifications (S&T)
(FY2023 ENA: $117.3 M/323.5 FTE; FY2024 PB: $179.6 M/370.3 FTE; Change: +$62.3 M/46.8
FTE)
This program provides critical resources for EPA's core greenhouse gas (GHG) regulatory and
compliance work in the mobile sector. It also supports the establishment of federal GHG emissions
standards for passenger cars and light trucks to secure pollution reductions through Model Year
2026. The increase in funding and FTE will support program activities to address the climate crisis,
including the development of analytical methods, regulations, and analyses to support climate
protection by controlling GHG emissions from cars and trucks. A portion of the funding will
support EPA's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) to carry out its mission-
critical work of certifying vehicle compliance. This program change also invests in the
maintenance, repair and replacement of aging test equipment at NVFEL.
Integrated Environmental Strategies (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $11.3 M/55.5 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $71.7 M/91 FTE; Change: +$60.4 M/35.5 FTE)
This program advances the Agency's mission by focusing on cross-media environmental concerns.
This program focuses on four major areas - permitting, smart sectors, community-driven
environmental protection, and climate adaptation program - to improve delivery of environmental
protection across multiple media and stakeholders. The increase in funding and FTE will support
the coordination, streamlining, oversight, automation, and integration of EJ and climate change
into environmental permitting. The increase also will advance climate adaptation efforts to support
increased resilience of EPA's programs and strengthen the adaptive capacity of tribes, states,
territories, local governments, communities, and businesses.
Compliance Monitoring (EPM, OIL, and SF)
(FY 2023 ENA: $114.4 M/478.9 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $165.3 M/520.6 FTE; Change: +$50.9 M/41.5
FTE)
This program supports both compliance with federal environmental laws and efforts to identify
noncompliance. The increase in resources and FTE will allow EPA to accelerate the modernization
of the Integrated Compliance Information System and enhance its integration with the
Enforcement and Compliance History Online web-based services, facilitating better access of
compliance data and community information to EPA, states, and to the public. The increase also
will rebuild EPA's inspector cadre, enhance programmatic capacities for inspections and case
development, as well as supplement the program's training and travel budget. This investment will
advance EPA's efforts to address compliance concerns in environmental justice communities.
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program (STAG)
(FY 2023 ENA: $100 M; FY 2024 PB: $150 M; Change: + $50 M)
This program provides effective emission reductions from existing diesel engines through engine
retrofits, rebuilds, and replacements; switching to cleaner fuels; idling reduction; and other
strategies. This increase in grant funding will expand grant offerings and rebates to reduce harmful
diesel emissions, with a focus on priority areas including school buses, ports, and vulnerable
communities.
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Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Review and Reduction (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $82.8 M/360.8 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $130.7 M/534.8 FTE; Change: +$47.9 M/174
FTE)
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), EPA is responsible for ensuring the safety of
chemicals that are already in or are entering into commerce and addressing unreasonable risks to
human health and the environment. The increase in resources and FTE will expand the program's
capacity and support the implementation of the TSCA, as amended in 2016, to meet statutory
mandates for chemical risk review, management, and action. This increase enables EPA to develop
and review data critical to existing chemical risk evaluation and risk management activities; update
and develop 21st century information technology and data tools to meet increasing demands; and
begin to transform new chemicals review into an efficient and sustainable process to complete
cases in keeping with the statutory requirements. This increase also will support an agencywide
multi-year collaborative research program for new chemicals that is focused on modernizing the
process and incorporating scientific advances in new chemical evaluations under TSCA.
Research: Air, Climate and Energy (S&T)
(FY 2023 ENA: $100.4 M/264 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $137.8 M/298.7 FTE; Change: +$37.4 M/34.7
FTE)
This program supports climate research at EPA to accelerate solutions to tackle the climate crisis.
This increase in resources and FTE will enhance EPA's efforts to combat the global issue of
climate change and substantially advance research to assess the impacts of climate change on
human health and ecosystems.
Homeland Security: Preparedness & Response (S&T and SF)
(FY 2023 ENA: $60 M/124.1 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $96 M/138.3 FTE; Change: +$36 M/14.2 FTE)
This program carries out EPA's responsibility, under legislation and Presidential Directives, to
remediate contaminated environments created by incidents such as terrorist attacks, industrial
accidents, or natural disasters. The increased resources will support efforts to upgrade the
Chemical Incident and Radiological Reconnaissance on Unmanned Systems (CIRRUS) to more
effectively and efficiently support emergency response. This effort will assist in improving
preparedness for communities with environmental justice concerns such as fenceline communities.
This increase in resources and FTE also will expand EPA's capabilities to conduct research at its
BSL-3 facility in Fort Meade, MD; to update the aging equipment that monitors the Nation's air
for radiation; to modernize IT infrastructure for the Analytical Radiation Data System; and to
support enhanced lab and field office facility operations and maintenance, including replacing the
outdated PHILIS equipment. A portion of the funding will support research efforts to identify and
address emerging threats to the water sector.
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air (EPM and S&T)
(FY 2023 ENA: $13.9 M/39.2 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $47.6 M/71.4 FTE; Change: +$33.7 M/32.2
FTE)
This program works to reduce asthma disparities in low-income and/or communities of color in
the U.S. by providing grants to nongovernmental organizations in public health/housing agencies
to train and deploy community health workers who will deliver in-home asthma interventions and
care. This increase in resources and FTE supports efforts to restore EPA's staff expertise, analysis,
and capacity in the indoor air program. Funds also support efforts to address indoor air quality
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during wildfires, promote healthy school facilities in low-income communities in the U.S., and to
address the international climate crisis by improving public health through the adoption of clean
cookstoves.
Brownfields Projects (STAG)
(FY 2023 ENA: $100 M; FY 2024 PB: $131 M; Change: +$31 M)
This program awards grants and provides financial and technical assistance to help tribes, states,
local communities, and other stakeholders to work together to plan, inventory, assess, safely clean
up, and reuse brownfields, particularly in underserved communities. A portion of this investment
is designated for cooperative agreements targeted at communities affected by the retirement of
coal-fired power plants. This program increase will build on current work to revitalize
communities across the country by providing financial and technical assistance to assess, conduct
cleanup, and plan reuse at brownfields sites.
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs (EPM and S&T)
(FY 2023 ENA: $23.7 MI 66.7 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $50.5 MI 86.1 FTE; Change: +$26.8 M/19.4
FTE)
This program is responsible for managing the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET),
an ambient monitoring network that has been continuously collecting data for more than 30 years.
Increased resources will focus on technology updates such as replacing aging equipment, repairing
monitoring shelters, deploying new equipment and sites in rural, often low-income/minority areas,
and modernizing data reporting tools critical during emergencies and emerging needs. This
investment also will support EPA's efforts to implement the American Innovation and
Manufacturing (AIM) Act. A portion of this investment also will expand EPA's ability to perform
advanced power sector analyses to tackle the climate crisis, including developing environmental
justice tools to consider the distributional impacts of emissions on overburdened communities.
Pesticides: Protect Environment from Pesticides Risk (EPM and S&T)
(FY 2023 ENA: $51 M/259.6 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $77.7 M/282.1 FTE; Change: +$26.7 M/22.5
FTE)
This program screens new pesticides before they reach the market and ensures that pesticides
already in commerce are safe. EPA is legally responsible for registering and re-evaluating
pesticides to protect humans, plants, animals, and ecosystems that are not targets of the pesticide.
In addition, the Agency has responsibilities to ensure that pesticide regulatory decisions will not
destroy or adversely modify designated critical habitat or result in jeopardy to the existence of
endangered species. The increase in funding and FTE is to implement Endangered Species Act
(ESA) considerations into pesticide regulatory decisions and develop regulatory processes,
strategies, and approaches for EPA to come into fuller compliance with ESA.
Legal Advice: Environmental Program (EPM and SF)
(FY 2023 ENA: $60.7 M/273.3 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $85.7 M/343.5 FTE; Change: +$25 M/70.2
FTE)
This program provides legal representational services, legal counseling, and legal support for all
the Agency's environmental activities. It plays a central role in all statutory and regulatory
interpretation of new and existing rules, rule development under EPA's environmental authorities,
providing legal advice for every petition response and emergency response and defends actions in
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court, in coordination with the Department of Justice (DOJ). This increase in resources and FTE
addresses a need for increased defensive litigation work in multiple environmental statutes,
including legal work in pesticides and rulemakings for climate and clean air toxics. It also
strengthens staffing and attorney training for those who provide legal advice and counsel in support
of multiple environmental statutes and regulations to assist EPA in its ability to broaden and
accelerate cleanup and management of PFAS contamination to protect human health and
ecological systems.
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPM and S&T)
(FY 2023 ENA: $11.8 M/26.6 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $35.2 M/57.6 FTE; Change: +$23.5 M/31 FTE)
This program supports the protection of critical water infrastructure, including providing water
utilities of all sizes access to information, tools, training, and protocols designed to enhance the
security (including cybersecurity), preparedness, and resiliency of the water sector. This increase
of resources and FTE supports the Water Sector Cybersecurity Program to enhance cyber incident
preparation, response, recovery, information sharing, and intelligence for water utilities to protect
infrastructure. In addition, an increase of resources and FTE will help implement regulatory
actions to mitigate the risks of cyberattacks in the water sector as well as increase the Agency's
ability to respond to cyber incidents.
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations (IG and SF IG Transfer)
(FY 2023 ENA: $55.8 M/270 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $78.4 M/333.5 FTE; Change: +$22.5 M/63.5
FTE)
This program allows the Office of Inspector General (OIG) to conduct independent audits,
evaluations, special reviews, and investigations of EPA, then identify risks and make
recommendations to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse. This increase in resources and FTE will
expand the oversight arm of audit, evaluations, investigation, and support offices within the OIG,
to include administrative investigations into allegations of misconduct by senior agency employees
and complaints of whistleblowers; data analytics and business intelligence tools to address high
risk, high vulnerability areas of interest; creation of a standalone IT system; and audits,
evaluations, and investigations of the Agency's spending under the Inflation Reduction Act.
Information Security (EPM and SF)
(FY 2023 ENA: $10.2 M/14.1 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $31.7 M/17.1 FTE; Change: +$21.5 M/3 FTE)
The Information Security Program's mission is to protect the confidentiality, availability, and
integrity of EPA's information assets. This increase supports enhancements to protect the
Agency's information technology infrastructure and advance the implementation of EO 14028:
Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity. This investment will increase EPA's information
technology resiliency and limit vulnerabilities in the event of a malicious attack.
Human Resources Management (EPM, SF and WCF Reimbursable)
(FY 2023 ENA: $58.7 M/254.4 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $79.8 M/327.4 FTE; Change: +$21.2 M/73
FTE)
This program supports human capital management (HCM) activities throughout EPA, including
recruitment, hiring, employee development, performance management, leadership development,
workforce planning, and labor union engagement. The increase of resources and FTE will support
developing and implementing a new paid internship program to strengthen talent and workforce
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acquisition and focus on expanding federal work experience opportunities for underrepresented
and underserved populations, support diversity, equity, and inclusion in the federal workforce, and
increase support of the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act. A portion of the
increase will strengthen agencywide capacity to quickly increase staff levels in key offices and
programs (i.e., environmental justice, climate, infrastructure programs, etc.).
Tribal - Capacity Building (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $14.7 M/78.6 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $34.7 M/166.9 FTE; Change: +$20 M/88.3
FTE)
EPA works with federally recognized tribes to implement federal environmental programs in
Indian Country and strengthen human health and environmental protection in Indian Country. The
increase in resources and FTE will support work to advance equitable implementation of EPA
authorities and directives in Indian Country. This increase will enable EPA to work effectively
with tribal governments and communities, administer tribal grants and critical technical assistance,
and fulfill the federal trust responsibilities that align with the environmental statues. Support will
be provided to priority commitments made in EPA and Tribal Climate Adaptation Implementation
Plans and allow incorporation of indigenous knowledge into climate change efforts.
International Sources of Pollution (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $7.3 M/33.4 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $26 M/50.9 FTE; Change: +$18.7 M/17.5 FTE)
The United States works with international partners to address global sources of pollution,
including greenhouse gases, as well as the impacts of pollution from the United States on other
countries and the global environment. This increase in resources and FTE will support efforts for
climate change work, including GHG guidance, pilot programs, and indigenous engagements on
climate change. It also will enhance capacity building governance programs for priority countries
with increasing GHG footprints to increase their capacity to implement partnerships as well as
legislative, regulatory, and legal enforcement.
Civil Rights Program (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $12.9 M/66.4 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $31.5 MI 143.6 FTE; Change: +$18.6 M/77.2
FTE)
This program enforces federal civil rights laws that prohibit discrimination by recipients of federal
financial assistance and protects employees and applicants for employment from discrimination.
This program change increases staffing and capacity to enforce the Nation's external civil rights
laws and to work toward the goal of achieving measurable environmental, public health, and
quality of life improvements in the most overburdened, vulnerable, and underserved communities;
supports activities including investigations into claims of discrimination by underserved
communities and pre-award and post-award compliance activities.
Federal Stationary Source Regulations (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $30.3 M/124.5 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $47.5 M/165.3 FTE; Change: +$17.1 M/40.8
FTE)
The Clean Air Act (CAA) directs EPA to take actions to control air emissions of toxic, criteria,
and other pollutants from stationary sources. This increase in funding and FTE will support the
regulation of stationary sources of air pollution through developing and implementing emissions
standards, regulations, and guidelines.
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Pollution Prevention Program (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $13 M/51.2 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $29 M/69.2 FTE; Change: +$16 M/l 8 FTE)
This program provides technical assistance and/or training to businesses and facilities to help them
adopt and implement source reduction approaches, and to increase the development, adoption, and
market penetration of greener products and sustainable manufacturing practices. This increased
investment supports additional analyses, tool development, training, outreach, and partnerships to
promote industrial awareness of P2 approaches and benefits as well as the widespread
implementation to prevent or reduce pollution. Additional funding and FTE are provided to
establish a new grant program supporting small businesses with transitioning to Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) compliant practices and with mitigation of economic impacts.
Public Engagement, Partnership, and Environmental Education (formerly Environmental
Education, EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $9.5 M/l 1.2 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $24 M/24.2 FTE; Change: +$14.5 M/13 FTE)
This program coordinates critical stakeholder outreach across all EPA's programs and
environmental education, supporting the Agency's mission and Administration priorities. This
program change is an increase to establish new programs and improve the Agency's public
engagement, partnership, and outreach initiatives at the regional level and across the Agency.
Brownfields (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $26.2 Ml 129.5 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $38.6 Ml 187.5 FTE; Change: +$12.4 M/58
FTE)
This program supports the revitalization of Brownfields sites by awarding grants and providing
technical assistance to tribes, states, local communities, and other stakeholders to work together to
plan, inventory, assess, safely clean up, and reuse brownfields. The increased funding will support
EPA's Community Development Specialists in their efforts to manage land revitalization projects,
provide one-on-one financial planning support, and educate tribal, rural, and EJ communities on
how to address brownfields. This increase in resources and FTE will provide expanded technical
assistance and build capacity in small, rural, EJ, and other historically underserved communities.
Superfund: Federal Facilities (SF)
(FY 2023 ENA: $26.2 M/l 13.2 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $37.4 M/l 12.7 FTE; Change: +$11.2 M/-0.5
FTE)
This program oversees and provides technical assistance for the cleanup and reuse of Federal
Facility National Priorities List (NPL) sites. This program supports oversight functions related to
the work of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Energy, and other federal
agencies that have released PFAS (Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances) into the environment. This
increase will help address critical gaps in EPA's ability to oversee DoD PFAS cleanup and to
restore core program capacity, including keeping pace with the Agency's oversight role at Federal
Facilities NPL sites.
Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral Fund (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $9.2 M; FY 2024 PB: $18 M; Change: +$8.8 M)
The Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol (Multilateral Fund) was
created by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol to provide funds to enable developing countries to
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comply with their Montreal Protocol obligations to phase out ozone-depleting substances (ODS)
and phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). This increase will help fund additional activities
associated with the adoption of the Kigali Amendment and developing country phase down of
HFCs while continuing to support ODS phaseout activities.
State and Local Prevention and Preparedness (EPM)
(FY 2023 ENA: $15.4 M/67.1 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $23.8 M/93.1 FTE; Change: +$8.4 M/26 FTE)
This program establishes a structure for federal, tribal, state, and local partners to work together
with industry to protect emergency responders, local communities, facility workers, the
environment, and property from chemical accident risks through accident prevention and
emergency response programs, community and facility engagement, and improved safety systems.
This increase in resources and FTE supports a multi-pronged approach to protect fenceline
communities at risk from nearby chemical facilities, including providing increased outreach and
inspections at regulated facilities to ensure facilities have measures in place to prevent chemical
accidents.
Categorical Grant: Lead (STAG)
(FY 2023 ENA: $16.3 M; FY 2024 PB: $24.6 M; Change: +$8.3 M)
This program provides support to authorized tribal and state programs that administer training and
certification programs for lead professionals and renovation contractors engaged in lead-based
paint abatement and renovation, repair and painting activities, as well as accreditation of training
providers. This funding will increase support for EPA's tribal and state partners to run programs
that develop and implement authorized lead-based paint abatement programs, authorize
Renovation, Repair, and Paining programs, and lead-poisoning programs.
LUST/UST (EPM and LUST)
(FY 2023 ENA: $22 M/97.9 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $29.1 M/108.6 FTE; Change: +$7.1 M/10.7 FTE)
This program's work helps prevent releases of petroleum through activities such as inspection and
compliance assistance support. It provides states and tribes with technical assistance and guidance
and directly funds projects that assist states and tribes in their program implementation. EPA is the
primary implementer of the UST Program in Indian Country. The increase in resources and FTE
is requested to conduct direct El 5 compliance inspections in Indian Country; to develop outreach
materials and coordinate with the regulated community; as well as to support an additional 11
Superfund cleanups and five potentially responsible party-led cleanups in Indian Country.
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management (STAG)
(FY 2023 ENA: $16.4 M; FY 2024 PB: $23.1 M; Change: + $6.7 M)
This resource increase will help expand the efforts of tribes and tribal air quality control agencies
to implement their programs and to accelerate immediate on-the-ground efforts to reduce
greenhouse gases. The increase supports additional air quality monitoring capacity on tribal lands.
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Programs with Decreases (in Ascending Order)
Superfund: Remedial (SF and Superfund Tax)
(FY 2023 ENA: $618.7M/890.8 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $0 M/874.8 FTE; Change: -$618.7 M/-16.0
FTE)
This program works to clean up and remove National Priority List (NPL) sites through remedial
construction projects. Funds are prioritized for NPL sites that present the highest risk to human
health and the environment. In FY 2024, the Superfund Remedial Program is proposed to be
transitioned from the annual Superfund appropriated resources to Superfund tax receipts. 874.8
FTE will be funded by the tax receipts as reimbursable FTE. The U. S. Treasury forecasts collecting
a total of $2.54 billion in Superfund taxes which will be available for use in FY 2024. As a result,
the pace of work is not expected to be negatively impacted since both program and FTE costs
could be supported by Superfund tax receipts and the increased revenue to the government.
Superfund: Emergency Response Removal (SF and Superfund Tax)
(FY 2023 ENA: $195 M/247.7 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $0 M/250.7 FTE; Change: -$195 M/+3 FTE)
This program is the primary institution of federal emergency responses to releases of hazardous
substances, pollutants, or contaminants. EPA's 24-hour-a-day response capability is a critical
component of the National Contingency Plan. Superfund Removal cleanups vary in complexity
and contain a wide variety of contaminants including lead, mercury, and asbestos. In FY 2024, the
Agency proposes to transition the Superfund Removal Program from the annual Superfund
appropriation to Superfund tax receipts. 250.7 FTE will be funded by the tax receipts as
reimbursable FTE. The pace of work is not expected to be negatively impacted since both response
work and FTE costs will be supported by Superfund tax receipts.
Superfund: Enforcement (SF and Superfund Tax)
(FY 2023 ENA: $171.3 M/771.3 FTE; FY 2024 PB: $0 M/771.8 FTE; Change: -$171.3 M/0.5
FTE)
This program protects communities by ensuring prompt site cleanup by maximizing the
participation of potentially responsible parties in performing and paying for cleanups or using
program resources if there are no liable parties. In FY 2024, the Agency proposes to transition the
Superfund Enforcement Program from the annual Superfund appropriation to Superfund tax
receipts. The U.S. Treasury forecasts collecting a total of $2.54 billion in Superfund taxes which
will be available for use in FY 2024. 771.8 FTE will be funded by the tax receipts as reimbursable
FTE. These additional government revenues will allow the Agency to advance work to enforce
cleanup actions in FY 2024.
Technical Assistance for Wastewater Treatment Work (STAG)
(FY 2023 ENA: $27 M; FY 2024 PB: $18 M; Change: -$9 M)
This program provides grants to nonprofit organizations to help rural, small, and tribal
municipalities to obtain Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) financing, protect water
quality and ensure Clean Water Act (CWA) compliance, and share information on planning,
design, construction, and operation of wastewater systems. Other EPA grant programs and sources
provide similar funding opportunities.
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List of Acronyms
U.S Environmental Protection Agency
List of Acronyms
ASPECT
Airborne Spectral Photometric Environmental Collection Technology
AIM
American Innovation and Manufacturing
ARP
American Rescue Plan
AWIA
America's Water Infrastructure Act
B&F
Building and Facilities
CAA
Clean Air Act
CAS
Cross Agency Strategy
CBI
Confidential Business Information
CBRN
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
CCR
Coal Combustion Residue
CDR
Chemical Data Reporting Rule
CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CIRRUS
Chemical Incident and Radiological Reconnaissance on Unmanned
Systems
CPA
Certification of Pesticide Applicators
CSAPR
Cross-State Air Pollution Rules
CWA
Clean Water Act
CROMERR
Cross-Media Electronic Reporting Rule
CWNS
Clean Watershed Needs Surveys
CWSRF
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
DEIA
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility
DERA
Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
DHS
Department of Homeland Security
DOD
Department of Defense
DOJ
Department of Justice
DWINSA
Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment
DWSRF
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
DWWIA
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act
EN
Environmental Information Exchange Network
EJ
Environmental Justice
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
EPAct
Energy Policy Act
EPCRA
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
EPM
Environmental Programs and Management
ESA
Endangered Species Act
ETEP
EPA-Tribal Environmental Plans
FFDCA
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
FIFRA
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
FTE
Full-Time Equivalent
FY
Fiscal Year
GAO
Government Accountability Office
GAP
General Assistance Program
GHG
Greenhouse Gas
GPRA
Government Performance and Results Act
GSA
General Services Administration
HFCs
Hydrofluorocarbons
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List of Acronyms
HPS High Priority Substance
HUBZones Historically Underutilized Business Zones
IAG Interagency Agreements
ICIS Integrated Compliance Information System
IIJA Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IRA Inflation Reduction Act
IT Information Technology
JETP Just Energy Transition Partnerships
LCRI Lead and Copper Rule Improvements
LCRR Lead and Copper Rule Revisions
LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
MMTC02e Million Metrics Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
MPRSA Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act
MY Model Year
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
NEPPS National Environmental Performance Partnership System
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPL National Priorities List
NPS Nonpoint Source
NVFEL National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
OA Office of the Administrator
OCFO Office of the Chief Financial Officer
OEJECR Office of Environmental Justice and External Civil Rights
OGC Office of General Counsel
OIG Office of the Inspector General
OMB Office of Management and Budget
OMS Office of Mission Support
ORD Office of Research and Development
P2 Pollution Prevention
PB President's Budget
PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PFAS Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
PGII Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment
PHILIS Portable High-Throughout Integrated Laboratory Identification System
PIRT Pesticide Inspector Residential Program
PM Particulate Matter
PPG Performance Partnership Grants
PREP Pesticide Regulatory Education Program
PRIA Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act
PRP Potentially Responsible Party
PWSS Public Water System Supervision
QR Quick Response code
RAU Ready for Anticipated Use
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
REO Recycling Education and Outreach
RMP Risk Management Plan
RRP Renovation, Repair, and Painting
SC Safer Choice
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List of Acronyms
SDWA
Safe Drinking Water Act
SDWIS
Safe Drinking Water Information System
SES
Senior Executive Service
SF
Superfund
SNEE
Southern New England Estuary
SIP
State Implementation Plans
SIRG
State Indoor Air Radon Grant
SRF
State Revolving Fund
STAG
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
SWIFR
Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling
TMDL
Total Maximum Daily Loads
TRI
Toxics Release Inventory
TSCA
Toxic Substances Control Act
UCMR
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
UIC
Underground Injection Control
UST
Underground Storage Tanks
uv
Ultraviolet
voc
Volatile Organic Compounds
WIFIA
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act
WIIN
Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act
WQS
Water Quality Standards
WPS
Agricultural Worker Protection Standard
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
www.epa.gov
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