United States Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Research and Development

National Exposure Research Laboratory
Research Abstract

Government Performance Results Act (GPRA) Goal 4
Annual Performance Measure #278

Significant Research Findings:

Geospatial Data Accuracy Assessment Report

Scientific	The development of robust accuracy assessment methods for the validation of

Problem and	spatial data represents a difficult scientific challenge for the geospatial science

Policy Issues	community. The importance and timeliness of this issue is related directly to the

dramatic escalation in the development and application of spatial data throughout
the latter part of the 20th century. This trend, which is expected to continue, will
become evermore pervasive, and continue to revolutionize future decision making
processes. However, our current ability to validate large-area spatial data sets
represents a major impediment to many future applications. Problems associated
with assessing spatial data accuracy are primarily related to their valued
characteristic of being continuous data, and to the associated geometric or
positional errors implicit with all spatial data. Continuous data typically suffer
from the problem of spatial autocorrelation which violates the important statistical
assumption of "independent" data, while positional errors tend to introduce
anomalous errors with the combining of multiple data sets or layers.

Research	This report documents the results of a special symposium sponsored by the U.S.

Approach	Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on "Remote Sensing and GIS Accuracy

Assessment" on December 11-13, 2002 in Las Vegas, NV. The symposium
evaluated the important science elements relevant to the performance of accuracy
assessments for remote sensing derived data and GIS data analysis and integration
products. A total of 27 technical papers were presented over the two and one-half
day symposium by an international group of scientists representing federal, state
and local governments, academia, and non-governmental organizations. Specific
technical presentations examined sampling issues, reference data collection, edge
and boundary effects, error matrix and fuzzy assessments, error budget analysis,
and special issues related to change detection accuracy assessment. Subsequent to
the symposium, presenters were invited to submit manuscripts for consideration as
chapters. This report contains 20 chapters that represent the important symposium
outcomes. All chapters were extensively peer reviewed by leading experts in the
field of spatial data accuracy assessment.

Results and	The report addresses many of the relevant considerations for evaluating the quality

Impact	of geospatial data products. Specific elements addressed in the report include

statistical sampling designs, reference data types and collection methodologies,
and classical error assessment and fuzzy set statistical analysis. This report serves
as a reference source for both geospatial data providers and users. Data users will
find the report particularly useful for the development of sampling designs and


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methods to quantify geospatial data quality in relation to established data quality
objectives (DQOs) for specific applications. All geospatial data producers and
users can potentially benefit from this report.

This effort was a collaboration with numerous universities and Federal agencies.
A complete listing of all collaborators is included in the report.

Examples of recent publications from this study include:

Geospatial Data Accuracy Assessment, R.S. Lunetta & J.G. Lyon (Editors), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA/600/R-03/064, Las Vegas,
NV, 339 p., 2003.

Research
Collaboration and
Research
Products

Future Research Additional research is being conducted to develop statistically rigorous approaches
for evaluating geospatial data quality.

Contacts for	Questions and inquiries can be directed to:

Additional	R0ss S. Lunetta

Information	jj.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development

National Exposure Research Laboratory
109 T.W. Alexander Drive (E243-05)

RTP, NC 27711
Phone: 919/541-4256
E-mail:lunetta.ross@epa.gov

Funding for this project was through the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and
Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, and the work was
conducted by the Environmental Sciences Division.


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