United States
Environmental Protection Agency

FISCAL YEAR 2024

Justification of Appropriation

Estimates for the
Committee on Appropriations

Tab 12: Water Infrastructure Finance and
Infrastructure Fund

March 2023

EPA-190-R-23-001	www.epa.gov/cj


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Environmental Protection Agency

2024 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Table of Contents - Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Fund

Contents

Resource Summary Table	2

Program Projects in WIFIA	3

Water Quality Protection	4

Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation	5


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Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2024 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification

APPROPRIATION: Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Fund

Resource Summary Table



(Dollars in Thousands)









FY 2024





FY 2023



President's Budget



FY 2022

Enacted

FY 2024

v.



Final

Operating

President's

FY 2023 Enacted



Actuals

Plan

Budget

Operating Plan

Water Infrastructure Finance and









Innovation Fund









Budget Authority

$154,098

$75,640

$80,443

$4,803

Total Work years

30.8

38.4

40.0

1.6

Bill Language: Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program Account

For the cost of direct loans and for the cost of guaranteed loans, as authorized by the Water
Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014, $71,899,000, to remain available until
expended: Provided, That such costs, including the cost of modifying such loans, shall be as
defined in section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of1974: Providedfurther, That these funds
are available to subsidize gross obligations for the principal amount of direct loans, including
capitalized interest, and total loan principal, including capitalized interest, any part of which is to
be guaranteed, not to exceed $12,500,000,000: Providedfurther, That of the funds made available
under this heading, up to $5,000,000 may be used for the cost of direct loans and for the cost of
guaranteed loans for projects described in section 5026(9) of the Water Infrastructure Finance
and Innovation Act of 2014 to State infrastructure financing authorities, as authorized by section
5033(e) of such Act: Provided further, That the use of direct loans or loan guarantee authority
under this heading for direct loans or commitments to guarantee loans for any project shall be in
accordance with the criteria published in the Federal Register on June 30, 2020 (85 FR 39189)
pursuant to the fourth proviso under the heading "Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Program Account" in division D of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Public
Law 116-94): Provided further, That none of the direct loans or loan guarantee authority made
available under this heading shall be available for any project unless the Administrator and the
Director of the Office of Management and Budget have certified in advance in writing that the
direct loan or loan guarantee, as applicable, and the project comply with the criteria referenced
in the previous proviso: Providedfurther, That, for the purposes of carrying out the Congressional
Budget Act of 1974, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office may request, and the
Administrator shall promptly provide, documentation and information relating to a project
identified in a Letter of Interest submitted to the Administrator pursuant to a Notice of Funding
Availability for applications for credit assistance under the Water Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation Act Program, including with respect to a project that was initiated or completed before
the date of enactment of this Act.


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In addition, fees authorized to be collected pursuant to sections 5029 and 5030 of the Water
Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014 shall be deposited in this account, to remain
available until expended.

In addition, for administrative expenses to carry out the direct and guaranteed loan programs,
notwithstanding section 5033 of the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014,
$8,544,000, to remain available until September 30, 2025.

Program Projects in WIFIA



[Dollars in Thousands)

Program Pro ject

FY 2022
Final Actuals

FY 2023
Enacted
Operating
Plan

FY 2024
President's
Budget

FY 2024 President's
Budget v.
FY 2023 Enacted
Operating Plan

Ensure Clean Water









Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation

$31,620

$75,640

$80,443

$4,803

TOTAL WIFIA

$31,620

$75,640

$80,443

$4,803

*For ease of comparison, Superfund transfer resources for the audit and research functions are shown in the
Superfund account.


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Water Quality Protection


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Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation

Program Area: Ensure Clean Water
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure



(Dollars in Thousands)



FY 2022
Final Actuals

FY 2023
Enacted
Operating
Plan

FY 2024
President's
Budget

FY 2024 President's
Budget v.
FY 2023 Enacted
Operating Plan

II uli'r /n/ras/rnc/nif i'inancc and
Innovation land

S .11.620

.S '5,6-10

.S X0.-I-I.1

S-I.SOJ

Total Budget Authority

$31,620

$75,640

$80,443

$4,803

Total Work years

31.2

38.4

40.0

1.6

Program Project Description:

Communities across the country find it difficult to obtain affordable financing to update aging
water infrastructure. Critical water infrastructure is vulnerable to flooding and other climate
change-related weather events. Additionally, people of color, indigenous groups, and low-income
communities often suffer disproportionately from lack of modern water infrastructure. Our
nation's health and wellbeing are dependent on equitable access to drinking water, wastewater,
and stormwater systems; however, thousands of communities nationwide are burdened by aging
and inadequate systems that threaten public health and stifle economic growth. To help address
these challenges, Congress enacted the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014
(WIFIA).

Communities use WIFIA Program funds to leverage local dollars to maximize the impact of water
infrastructure projects that protect public health and deliver environmental benefits while
supporting local economies and creating jobs. As of February 2023, the Program has issued 100
loans to communities across the country totaling $17 billion in credit assistance to help finance
more than $36 billion for water infrastructure projects. WIFIA loans for these projects have saved
communities over $5 billion, which they can use to accelerate additional infrastructure investment
and keep rates affordable for water system users. These WIFIA-financed projects are creating
120,000 jobs and improved water infrastructure to benefit over 50 million people. Additional
projects in the WIFIA pipeline have been invited to apply for over $12 billion in WIFIA assistance,
which will stimulate nearly $27 billion in additional infrastructure investments once fully
committed through loan agreements. These outcomes demonstrate that WIFIA credit assistance is
an effective tool to help communities nationwide address water infrastructure needs.

The WIFIA Program provides and services direct loans to cover up to 49 percent of eligible costs
for water infrastructure projects of regional or national significance and up to 80 percent of eligible
costs for small community borrowers. WIFIA provides financing for the rehabilitation and
construction of water, wastewater, and stormwaters systems to address aging infrastructure, meet
regulatory requirements, and help improve long-term strategic, financial, and climate resiliency


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planning. The Program supports a broad borrower base, including underserved communities,
private companies, and small towns.

Communities often use WIFIA Program funds to supplement State Revolving Fund financing,
providing an additional source of low-cost capital to help meet the growing water infrastructure
needs of the United States while minimizing the financial costs to residents.

To date, WIFIA borrowers have received interest rates as low as 0.83 percent, with an average
interest rate of 2.09 percent. Terms include the option to bundle multiple projects under one loan
and master credit agreements, capitalize interest, backload repayment, and methods that preserve
senior debt capacity.

FY 2024 Activities and Performance Plan:

Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.

The FY 2024 request builds on the Program's success accelerating water infrastructure investment
and enables the Program to continue to offer support for small, overburdened, and underserved
communities. The requested $80.3 million, —including $72.1 million in credit subsidy, will enable
EPA to provide up to $8 billion in direct credit assistance, which when combined with other
funding sources could help sustain over $16 billion in total infrastructure investment.

Of the total $80.3 million request to implement the program, $8.2 million is for the WIFIA
Program's administrative expenses, including staff salaries and contract support. For the past four
fiscal years, the number of projects selected to receive a WIFIA loan has been at least triple the
number selected in the Program's first year in FY 2017, and since the Program's first loan closing
in 2018, the number of closed loans to monitor has already increased to nearly 100. The WIFIA
Program's administrative expenses enable high quality underwriting and technical reviews that are
required to allow the WIFIA Program to properly mitigate risk, and high-quality portfolio
monitoring and management that is critical to oversee the program's burgeoning $30 billion
portfolio of projects and ensure the program's long-term solvency. The Agency's request for a
sufficient administrative appropriation ensures the WIFIA Program's ability to monitor its rapidly
growing portfolio and make new loans lowering the risk to the government.

The FY 2024 budget request also includes authority to use fee revenue as outlined in the Water
Resources Reform and Development Act, Sections 5029(a), 5030 (b), and 5030(c). Fee revenue is
for the cost of contracting with expert services such as financial advisory, legal advisory, and
engineering firms. The fee expenditure authority for the Program is in addition to the $8.2 million
requests for management and operations administrative expenses.


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Performance Measure Targets:

(PMINFRA-01) Billions of non-federal dollars leveraged by EPA's water infrastructure finance programs
(CWSRF, DWSRF and WIFIA).



FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

Units



2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Target



8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

9.0

9.5

9.5

Billions of

Actual

8.6

9.7

10.3

10.2

12.1

14.6





Dollars

FY 2024 Change from FY 2023 Enacted Budget (Dollars in Thousands):

•	(+$318.0) This change to fixed and other costs is an increase due to the recalculation of
base workforce costs due to annual payroll increases, adjustments to provide essential
workforce support, and changes to benefits costs.

•	(+$4,485.0/+1.6 FTE) This program change is an increase to support the growing demand
for WIFIA loans for communities. This investment also includes $305 thousand in payroll.

Statutory Authority:

Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014.


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