SL FPA En^—e,sai Protection ^\vSmartWay x- t" I -.I I g ^Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency^ A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies for Logistics and Shipper Companies Resources & References EPA-420-B-23-007 | May 2023 | SmartWay Transport Partnership | epa.gov/smartway ------- rnA United States Environmental Protection hI B ^Agency ^vSmartWay U.S. Environmental Protection Agency^ A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies for Logistics and Shipper Companies Resources & References Transportation and Climate Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA-420-B-23-007 May 2023 ------- ^^SmartWay U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Carrier Freight Matching EPA-420-F-21-043 for Logistics & Shipper Companies A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Terrazas, Aaron. (2019). How Trucking Will Eventually Kill Wasteful Deadhead Miles. https://www.trucks.com 2 American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI). (2019). An Analysis of the Operational Costs of Trucking: 2019 Update. https://truckingresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ATRI-Operational-Costs-of-Trucking-2019-1.pdf 3 Heilmann, K. (2020). Information Frictions, Load Matching, and Route Efficiency in the Trucking Industry. 4 Armstrong & Associates. (2016). Digital Freight Matching: Capturing Technology-Based Efficiencies in the Trucking Industry. Co-Loading EPA-420-F-21-035 for Logistics & Shipper Companies A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Topps Partners with KANE for Efficient National Distribution. Confectionery Case Study. Kane Logistics. http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/396583/file-206260943i-pdf/docs_new/Topps-case-web.pdf?t=i4i8i37549329 2 Haralambides, Hercules E. (1996). The economics of bulk shipping pools, Maritime Policy & Management, 23:3, 221-237, DOI: 10.1080/03088839600000085. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/i0.i080/03088839600000085?journalCode=tmpm20 3 Kleinhenz, Mark. Analysis of Pool Distribution Operations at the Los Angeles, California, Regional Freight Consolidation Center (1991). Department of Defense, Defense Logistics Agency. https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a235625.pdf 4 Hanan Ouhader, Malika El Kyal, "Combining Facility Location and Routing Decisions in Sustainable Urban Freight Distribution under Horizontal Collaboration: How Can Shippers Be Benefited?", (2017). Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2017, Article ID 8687515,18 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8687515 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2017/8687515/ 5 Taherian, Homayoun. All You Need To Know About Co-loading." (2014). Inbound Logistics. https://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/all-you-need-to-know-about-co-loading/ 6 "18 Sure-Fire Ways to Save on LTL Shipments." 2016. Inbound Logistics. https://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/18-sure-fire-ways-to-save-on-ltl-shipments/ ------- ^^SmartWay U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Continuous Move Planning EPA-420-F-21-036 for Logistics & Shipper Companies A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Murray, Dan and GLideweLL, Seth. (2019). "An Analysis of the Operational Costs of Trucking: 2019 Update." American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI). Retrieved from https://truckingresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ATRI-Operational-Costs-of-Trucking-2019-1.pdf 2 Paradox Software Consulting. (2020). "Transportation Logistics Software for Continuous Move Planning." Case Study. Retrieved from https://www.paradoxsci.com/route-planning-software-cmp-case 3 "Continuous Move Planner (CMP)" (Paradox Software Consulting, n.d.), https://a10650e6-173d-41d8-acdf-d84629dd09e2.filesusr.com/ugd/2633bf_c53318efb5d140cc94c98ceabc90c5be.pdf. improve Drayage Operations EPA-420-F-23-002 through Application of Real-Time Data A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 "What is Drayage?" 2019. FreightWaves. https://www.freightwaves.com/news/what-is-drayage 2 "How Modern Drayage Is Revolutionizing Port Systems." GlobeCon Freight Systems. http://www.globeconfreight.com/blog/modern-drayage-revolutionizing-port-systems/ 3 Forde, Meghan. "Maersk, Ports America invest $igM in Loadsmart Smart Drayage initiative". September 2019. Supply Chain Dive https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/maersk-ports-america-invest-19m-loadsmart-smart-drayage/562386/ 4 "The Rise of the Digital Yard." August 18, 2020. Supply Chain 24:7. https://www.supplychain247.com/paper/the_rise_of_the_digital_yard/pinc 5 Kelley, Andrew. "Digital Freight Matching And The New Era Of Freight Logistics". March 1, 2017. Internal Distribution. https://www.inddist.com/logistics/news/13773654/digital-freight-matching-and-the-new-era-of-freight-logistics ------- SmartWay* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Inventory Management as a Shipping EPA-420-F-21-040 Strategy for Logistics & Shipper Companies A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Grant, David; Wong, Chee Yew; Trautrims, Alexander. Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Principles and Practices for Sustainable Operations and Management, 2nd Edition. 2017. Kogan Page Publishers https://books.google.com/books?id=HkmFDgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA70&dq=logistics%20freight%20fewer%20larger%20 orders&pg=PPi#v=onepage&q=logistics%20freight%20fewer%20larger%20orders&f=false 2 Dobosz, Andrew and Dougal, Andrew. "Releasing Supply Chain Value: Through better order management." 2014. Infosys Portland. White Paper. https://www.infosysbpm.com/portland/resources/Documents/order-management.pdf 3 Mack, Stan. "What Effect Will Inventory Increase Have on a Company?" AZ Central. https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/effect-inventory-increase-company-25510.html 4 Stark, Alex. "13 Strategies to reduce freight costs." 2018. https://www.kaneisable.com/blog/14-strategies-to-reduce-freight-costs 5 Willis, Neal. "Reduce Shipping Costs With Order Consolidation." 2019. https://www.re-transfreight.com/blog/how-consolidating-freight-orders-can-help-reduce-costs 6 Kokemuller, Neil. "The Advantages of Holding a Large Amount of Inventory." December 2020. Chron. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-holding-large-amount-inventory-75437.html 7 Gowan, Scott. "Transitioning from LTL to TL - Finding the Right Transportation Mode Mix." November 7, 2017. Chainalytics. https://www.chainalytics.com/transitioning-ltl-tl-finding-right-transportation-mode-mix/ 8 Zipline Logistics. "3 Case Studies Detailing On-site Consolidation, Transportations Savings, and Network Analysis". May 18, 2018. Supply Chain 24-7. https://www.supplychain247.com/paper/case_studies_detailing_consolidation_savings_network_analysis/zipline_ logistics#register 9 "ICC Case Studies: How We Are Reducing Shipping Costs." ICC Logistics Services, Inc. https://icclogistics.c0m/case-studies/#toggle-id-3 10 "Addressing the financial impact of COVID-19: Working capital solutions for businesses with urgent cash needs. Deloitte. 2020. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/About-Deloitte/RESPOND-Rapid-working-capital- optimization-and-credit-solutions-COVID19.pdf ------- SmartWay* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Less-than-Truckload Freight Consolidation EPA-420-F-21-045 for Logistics & Shipper Companies A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 "Modern Freight Brokerage in the U.S." Report released by Armstrong & Associates, Inc. (2015). American Journal of Transportation. https://www.ajot.com/news/right-price-modern-freight-brokerage-in-the-u.s-report-released-by-armstro 2 Global and Regional Infrastructure, Logistics Costs, and Third-Party Logistics Market Trends and Analysis (2017). 3 Junga, Hyunjae; Kimb, Jaewon; and Shine, KwangSup. "Importance Analysis of Decision-Making Factors for Selecting International Freight Transportation Mode." The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, Volume 35, Issue 1, March 2019, Pages 55-62. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2092521219300082 4 Rizet, Christophe; Cruz, Cecilia; and Mbacke, Mariame. "Reducing Freight Transport CO2 Emissions by Increasing the Load Factor" (2012). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume 48, 2012, Pages 184-195. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S18770428120273587via%3Dihub 5 Simona, Mancini. (2014). "Optimizing Real-Life Freight-Distribution Problems." Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, Volume 15:4, 42-50. 6 Freight Transportation Modal Shares: Scenarios for a Low-Carbon Future. 2013. A Study Sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy130sti/55636.pdf 7 Fast Facts U.S. Transportation Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 2019. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=PiooWUHR.pdf 8 Rodrigue, Jean-Paul. "Transportation Modes, Modal Competition, and Modal Shift." The Geography of Transport Systems. https://transportgeography.org/?page_id=i73i 9 Lahoti, Nitin. "4 Major Freight Management Challenges Faced by the Trucking Industry". July 6, 2018. mobisoft infotech. https://mobisoftinfotech.com/resources/blog/4-freight-management-challenges/ 10 Key Freight Transportation Challenges. Federal Highway Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/publications/fhwaop03004/operat.htm 11 Gowan, Scott. "Transitioning from LTL to TL - Finding the Right Transportation Mode Mix." November 7, 2017. ChainAlytics. https://www.chainalytics.com/transitioning-ltl-tl-finding-right-transportation-mode-mix/ 12 "Drive Savings with Mode Optimization". Pitt Ohio. October 1, 2018. Supply Chain 24-7. https://www.supplychain247.com/article/drive_savings_with_mode_optimization/pitt_ohio#:~:text=Simply%20put%2C%20 mode%20optimization%20means,weights%20of%20multi%2Dpiece%20shipments 13 Refrigerated LTL Services: Frozen Food Industry Case Study. DSI. http://www.dsi-tms.com/refrigerated-ltl ------- SmartWay* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Load Optimization EPA-420-F-21-038 for Logistics Companies A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Bowman, Robert J. "A Way to Cut Down on Empty Space in the Truck". Podcast. June 12, 2020. SupplyChainBrain. https://www.supplychainbrain.com/articles/31461-podcast-a-way-to-cut-down-on-empty-space-in-the-truck 2 Hooper, Alan. An Analysis of the Operational Costs of Trucking: 2018 Update". October 2018. American Transportation Research Institute. https://truckingresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ATRI-Operational-Costs-of-Trucking-2018.pdf 3 Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Trucking, 2009. 4 "HOW TO INCREASE TRUCK LOADING EFFICIENCY TO LOWER YOUR COST OF BUSINESS." August 16, 2018. iGPS. https://igps.net/blog/2018/08/16/how-to-increase-truck-loading-efficiency-to-lower-your-cost-of-business/ 5 "Making Your Loading Operations Smarter And More Connected." Zebra. https://www.zebra.com/content/dam/zebra_new_ia/en-us/solutions-verticals/product/smartpack/smartpacktrailer/ solution-guides/smartpack-trailer-solution-guide-en-us.pdf 6 "Solving the Cube." February 2008. Case Studies. I.T. Toolkit. https://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/solving-the-cube/ Merge-in-Transit epa -420-F-23-004 for Logistics & Shipper Companies A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Ala-Risku, Timo; Karkkainen, Mikko; Holmstrom, Jan. "Evaluating the Applicability of Merge-in-transit." July 2003. Thesis at Jonk. oping Institute of Technology. The International Journal of Logistics Management. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jan_Holmstroem/publication/235276127_Evaluating_the_Applicability_of_Merge-in- transit/links/0deec5idc70eeef5d0000000/Evaluating-the-Applicability-of-Merge-in-transit.pdf?origin=publication_detail 2 Gattolin, Elena. "Merge in Transit, A Distribution Method in the Industrial Environment." June 24, 2008.Thesis. http://www.diva-portal.0rg/smash/get/diva2:3794/fulltexto1.pdf1 3 Ka' rkka' inen, Mikko; Ala-Risku, Timo; and Holmstro'm, Jan. "Increasing customer value and decreasing distribution costs with merge-in-transit". March 1, 2003. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=i0.i.i.564.in8&rep=repi&type=pdf 4 Supply Chain Decarbonizations: The Role of Logistic and Transport in Reducing Supply Chain Carbon Emissions. January 2009. World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_LT_SupplyChainDecarbonization_Report_2009.pdf ------- SmartWay* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Rightsizing Equipment and Fleets EPA-420-F-21-041 for Logistics & Shipper Companies A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 "Rightsizing Your Vehicle Fleet to Conserve Fuel." U.S. Department of Energy. https://afdc.energy.gov/conserve/rightsizing.html 2 https://askwonder.com/research/fleet-vehicles-us-average-purchase-costs-tmel33d8y "The research report you are trying to access has been restricted by the owner Please login or sign up with your company email address to view." 3 "Annual Fleet Fuel Studies." North American Council for Freight Efficiency. http://www.truckingefficiency.org/annual-fleet-fuel-studies 4 "Greenhouse Gas Management for Medium-Duty Truck Fleets: A Framework for Improving Efficiency and Emission Reductions." Environment Defense Fund. https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/10860_fleets-med-ghg-management.pdf 5 "Mobility Enhances Utilization and Rightsizing." November 12, 2018. Heavy-Duty Trucking, Truckinglnfo. https://www.truckinginfo.com/319153/mobility-enhances-utilization-and-rightsizing 6 Hatfield, Gary. "11 Approaches to Right-Sizing Your Fleet". November 9, 2009. Government Fleet. https://www.government-fleet.com/146347/11-approaches-to-right-sizing-your-fleet 7 Energetics Incorporated. "Fuel & Fleet Transformation Plan, City of Raleigh." (2015.) https://cityofraleigh0drupal.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/drupal-prod/COR27/FuelandFleetTransformationPlan.pdf 8 Rightsizing Your Vehicle Fleet to Conserve Fuel. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy. https://afdc.energy.gov/conserve/rightsizing.html 9 https://askwonder.com/research/fleet-vehicles-us-average-purchase-costs-tmel33d8y "The research report you are trying to access has been restricted by the owner Please login or sign up with your company email address to view." 10 Energetics Incorporated. "Fuel & Fleet Transformation Plan, City of Raleigh." (2015.) https://cityofraleigh0drupal.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/drupal-prod/COR27/FuelandFleetTransformationPlan.pdf ------- >SmartWay tONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY J U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Route Optimization for Logistics Companies EPA-420-F-21-042 A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 Routific Solutions Inc. "The Impact of Route Optimization Algorithms on the Reduction of Carbon Emissions: Route Optimization Environmental Benefits Report." Published online 2020. Accessed August 5, 2020. https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/1592424/Route%20Optimization%20Environmental%20Benefits%20Report%202020.pdf7__ hstc=i476698oo.d52C42ea8d4b6bfd8b33iiidb9efdb23.i59655ii9i244.i59655ii9i244.i59655iigi244.i&__hssc=147669800.1.159 6551191244&—hsfp=3999475462 2 Last Mile Delivery Route Planning and Optimization. Locus. Accessed August 4, 2020. https://locus.sh/route-optimization-software/ 3 Salters, Walter. "How fast will you see ROI on route optimization software?" Paragon Routing. Accessed August 5, 2020. https://www.paragonrouting.com/en-us/blog/post/how-fast-will-you-see-roi-route-optimization-software/ 4 Route Optimization Software | Autonomous Dispatch & Routing. Wise Systems. Accessed August 5, 2020. https://www.wisesystems.com/a-2020-g-route-optimization-software Supplier Sourcing for Logistics & Shipper Companies EPA-420-F-21-044 A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies ENDNOTES & RESOURCES 1 "From Supply Chain Insights to Value". Case Study. KPMG. (2015) https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2015/06/Case-study-From-Supply-Chain-lnsights-to-Value.pdf ------- ^^SmartWay U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' For more information: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Transportation and Air Quality 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC 20460 (734)214-4333 www.epa.gov/transportation-air-poLLution-and- cLimate-change U. S. Environmental Protection Agency National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory 2565 Plymouth Rd. Ann Arbor, Ml 48105 (734) 214-4200 www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-nationaL- vehicLe-and-fueL-emissions-Laboratory-nvfeL EPA 420-B-23-007 I May 2023 I SmartWay Transport Partnership I epa.gov/smartway ------- |