^SmartWay

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency +

Improve Drayage Operations through
Application of Real-Time Data

A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies

CONGESTION IN PORTS

Each year truck drivers lose 15 million
hours because of congestion in North
American ports. Data technologies can
cut time drivers spend in ports by 25%.

Third-party logistics providers (3PL) can help carriers save time, increase efficiency,
and reduce emissions through the use of real-time data at ports. This strategy
is relevant for many 3PL sectors, including asset-based 3PLs, freight under
management, brokerage, and freight forwarding.

WHAT IS THE CHALLENGE?

Port drayage plays an important role in the supply chain by linking ships to other
modes of transport. Drayage truck drivers pick up containers from ports and
transport them to the next carrier or distribution center. At ports, drivers often
lose valuable time navigating complex, crowded environments to find the right
containers. Congestion, inconveniently located containers, lengthy check-in
processes, gate queues, and other inefficiencies contribute to 15 million wasted
man-hours at North American ports each year.

WHAT IS THE SOLUTION?

Real-time data can significantly enhance the efficiency and transparency of
drayage operations. During the past decade, many companies have created
new data-based technologies, including mobile applications, radio frequency
identification, electronic on-board recorders, and sensors that enhance
communication and organization at ports. These tools can be used to:

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Provide drivers with up-to-date, usefuL information. Sensors on containers
provide information about the location and condition of containers, allowing
drivers to locate them more quickly and easily.

Match containers and drivers. Mobile applications can match truck drivers
with containers when trucks arrive at ports based on factors such as ease of
access and loading time.

Analyze data to improve operations. Third-party logistics can analyze data
to understand how delays in different parts of the port affect drayage
operations and recommend strategies to improve operations.

Connect with automated Landside port systems. Many ports have auto-
mated a significant part of their gate operations and by connecting realtime
truck data to these systems logistics parties and drivers can reduce turn
and wait times; improve access and coordination on a range of freight
transfer activities; and strengthen overall terminal efficiency.

EPA-420-F-23-002 | April 2023 | SmartWay Transport Partnership | epa.gov/smartway

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Improve Drayage Operations through Application of Real-Time Data (continued)

COSTS

The costs of this strategy typically include the direct costs of
the technology as well as implementation and coordination
costs. 3PLs may work with several suppliers and carriers;
getting different companies to use one app or system requires
coordination between companies and training for truck drivers.

Before drayage technology. Drivers wait to pick up
loads until their container is located and available.

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With drayage technology. Truck drivers know the exact
location of their containers. With matching technology,

SAVINGS AND BENEFITS

This strategy enhances the efficiency of port drayage operations.
One company's drayage technology is projected to reduce the
time trucks spend in ports by 25%. The time savings of this
strategy provide several benefits:

Saves fuel and reduces emissions. A typical port drayage
truck could save 131 gallons of fuel in a year from reduced
idling and cut CO2 emissions by 2,942 pounds. An idling
heavy-duty diesel truck consumes about 0.8 gallon of
fuel per hour and produces 24 grams of NOx per hour.
Ports typically are located near densely populated urban
areas, making air quality a concern.

Helps protect near-port communities. Ports typically
operate near communities that often are overburdened
with multiple sources of pollution, from ports to freeways
and factories, which cause a range of public health issues.
Technologies that enable real time visibility can help
mitigate and reduce harmful emissions from congestion,
idle and excessive dwell times in and around ports.

Minimizes the need for container shuffling. Drayage
technology helps drivers find loads more efficiently. One
company estimates that its technology reduces time
spent shuffling through containers to find loads by as
much as 50%..

Provides usuabLe information. Data management
systems can assist 3PLS in ways that go beyond ports.
They provide information that can help 3PLS identify in-
efficiencies and manage fleets more strategically. Real-
time data also makes the supply chain more transparent.

Improves reLiabiLity. These tools help ensure that drivers
can get in and out of ports in a reasonable amount of
time, helping ensure on-time delivery and reducing
demurrage costs.

NEXT STEPS

1 Examine drayage operations and identify bottlenecks. Working with suppliers, carriers, and other stake-
holders, 3PLS can inventory data tools and assess opportunities for new applications of real-time data.

2 Explore real-time data technologies to identify options that meet the needs of carriers and suppliers.
Conduct a cost-benefit analysis and communicate with suppliers and carriers to identify challenges and
opportunities associated with implementation.

3 Train drivers and other employees and partners to use the new systems. Starting with a pilot in one
location or with one group of drivers can help ensure a smooth launch.

Please visit the SmartWay website at www.epa.gov/smartway
to access more tech bulletins; additional resources and funding
opportunities are available at EPS's Ports Initiative website
(www.epa.gov/ports-initiative/technical-resources-ports).



SmartWay

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency^


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