SmartWay

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency +

Overview of Strategies for
Logistics and Shipper Companies

A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies

By collaborating with their carriers, suppliers, shippers and other partners,
logistics companies often find that they can move and deliver their goods
more efficiently and quichly in the supply chain network Other important
benefits include gains in overall supply chain performance, sustainability,
and customer satisfaction. The strategies presented in this overview identify
ways that logistic companies can achieve these benefits.

ABOUT SMARTWAY

EPA's SmartWay Partnership helps companies benchmark freight perfor-
mance and make informed decisions that drive sustainable supply chains.



To accomplish this, SmartWay:

Establishes a common yardstick for comparing emissions performance.
Drives effective freight operational, mode and technology choices.

Provides a platform for Partners and Affiliates to share real-world
experiences, innovations, and best practices.

Helps companies make freight decisions that have a positive impact
on efficiency and the environment.



CARRIER FREIGHT MATCHING FOR LOGISTICS AND SHIPPER
COMPANIES

Carrier freight matching approaches help partner shippers with carriers
in ways that reduce empty truck miles, including digital freight matching
(DFM) and using industry knowledge or more traditional outreach to identify
nearby carriers to eliminate deadhead miles.

Benefits include:



Reduce deadhead miLes. Algorithmic
load bundling, in which carriers can
book a bundle of two loads on a DFM
app, can reduce deadhead miles by
more than 20%.

Cost savings. During the freight-matching
process, companies can compare the
prices of different carriers and choose
the most cost-effective option.

20%

reduce
deadhead
miles



CO-LOADING FOR LOGISTICS AND SHIPPER
COMPANIES

Consolidation of loads when companies collaborate
on transporting less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments
to similar locations.

For shippers. A reduction in transportation
costs of up to 30% on certain lanes, shorter
lead times, and lower likelihood of product
loss or damage.

For the environment. Full truckload ship-
ments with more direct routes from origin
to destination yield reduced vehicle miles
traveled and associated greenhouse gas
emissions.

%

CONTINUOUS MOVE PLANNING FOR
LOGISTICS AND SHIPPER COMPANIES

Continuous move planning involves a shipper or
third-party logistics provider (3PL) building a string
of loads for their carrier to reduce or eliminate
deadhead mileage. Freight-under-management 3PL,
can help shippers improve efficiency by offering a
continuous move service.

%

Reduced costs. The reduction in vehicle
miles traveled leads to savings in fleet costs,
fuel costs, and labor costs. Estimates are that
using planning software can reduce operating
costs by 5 to 15%.

Environmental benefits. By reducing vehicle
miles traveled, this strategy helps reduce
greenhouse gas emissions..

EPA-420-F-23-003 | May 2023 | SmartWay Transport Partnership | epa.gov/smartway

(continued)


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Overview of Strategies for Logistics and Shipper Companies (continued)

IMPROVED DRAYAGE OPERATIONS THROUGH APPLICATION OF
REAL-TIME DATA

Real-time data-based technologies, including mobile applications, radio
frequency identification, electronic on-board recorders, and sensors that
enhance communication and organization at ports can significantly enhance
the efficiency and transparency of drayage operations. These tools can
be used to: provide drivers with more information; match containers and
drivers and analyze data to improve operations.

Benefits include:

Saves fuel and reduces emissions. A typical port drayage truck
could save 131 gallons of fuel in a year from reduced idling and cut
CO2 emissions by 2,942 pounds.

Time savings. Projections to reduce the time trucks spend in ports is
about 25 percent.

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AS A SHIPPING STRATEGY FOR
LOGISTICS AND SHIPPER COMPANIES

Third-party logistics providers (3PLS) can work with customers to consoli-
date orders into larger, less frequent shipments. This strategy is most
applicable to 3PLS that are involved in shippers' long-term transportation
decision-making.

Benefits include:



Shipping. Reduced frequency of orders can reduce shipping costs.

Emissions reduction. Reducing frequent LTL deliveries and convert-
ing to full truckload can be faster, cheaper, more reliable and can
also help reduce CO2 emissions. LTL pick-up and delivery operations
account for roughly 30% of the CO2 generated by an individual LTL
shipment.

LESS-THAN-TRUCKLOAD FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION FOR
LOGISTICS AND SHIPPER COMPANIES

Less-than-Truckload Freight Consolidation occurs when a shipper or third-
party logistics provider combines multiple less-than-truckload (LTL) freight
shipments within a geographic region into a single truckload (TL). This
strategy may also involve consolidating LTL shipments by converting to rail
or ocean carrier.

Benefits include:

Fewer shipments. Converting from LTL to TL mode means that a
company has fewer shipments and thus fewer pickups, fewer
deliveries, and less paperwork/processing.

SustainabiLity. The carbon footprint can be reduced by consolidating
LTL to TL because fewer trucks are used. When intermodal can be
introduced, further improvements can be made to the linehaul. Not
only are emissions reduced, but road congestion too.

Please visit the SmartWay website at www.epa.gov/smartway
to access more tech bulletins.



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LOAD OPTIMIZATION FOR LOGISTICS
COMPANIES

To increase the efficiency of the load, companies
can use strategies such as side loading, using
lighter shipping containers, and requiring a
minimum order size. By increasing how much
freight each truck can carry, these strategies reduce
fuel use and emissions on a ton-mile basis.

Benefits include helping companies:

Improve fleet efficiency

Improve reliability

Improve efficiency of dock operations
Customer savings

MERGE-IN-TRANSIT FOR LOGISTICS AND
SHIPPER COMPANIES

Merge-In-Transit (MIT) occurs when shipments
from multiple origins are merged into one larger
shipment before delivery at the final destination.
Because this strategy can eliminate the need
to warehouse products, it can be especially
beneficial for products with substantial inventory
carrying costs such as high-value products, bulky
products, and products with high depreciation or
obsolescence costs.

MIT yields various benefits for suppliers, carriers,
and customers including:



%

Inventory
Product assembly
Waste
Shipping
Customer service



SmartWay

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency^


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Overview of Strategies for Logistics and Shipper Companies (continued)

ROUTE OPTIMIZATION FOR LOGISTICS COMPANIES

Route optimization software minimizes truck miles of travel and can take
into account the orders that need to be shipped, delivery time windows,
vehicle characteristics, route restrictions, and hours of service limitations
to create the most efficient delivery routes.

Benefits include:

Better business operations. Increased transparency that creates
more accurate cost projections, improved customer service,
improved planning and strategic modeling.

Environmental. Route optimization can reduce travel by about 2,500
miles a year for the average driver— equivalent to 3 metric tons of
carbon dioxide.

2,500

miles reduced

SUPPLIER SOURCING FOR LOGISTICS AND SHIPPER COMPANIES

Supplier sourcing is the selection of product suppliers by a receiving
business based on location. Using supplier location as a selection
factor can reduce the miles driven and the emissions generated when
transporting products for delivery.

Logistics providers can use their knowledge of suppliers to help receiving
companies identify closer sourcing opportunities, which can:

Reduce vehicle miLes traveled
Reduce fueL costs and emissions
^8^. Save time

RIGHTSIZING EQUIPMENT AND FLEETS FOR
LOGISTICS AND SHIPPER COMPANIES

Rightsizing refers to the fleet management practice
of ensuring that the right vehicles are used for a
specific task. For third-party logistics providers
(3PLs) it consists of two elements: matching the
load with the vehicle (rightsizing equipment) and
matching all of the 3PL's freight vehicles with the
business needs of the 3PL (rightsizing the fleet).

Rightsizing can help companies with:

Vehicle savings. This strategy often involves
minimizing the number of large vehicles,
keeping just enough to meet maximum
capacity. The costs savings can be substantial.
In 2020, a class 8 truck costs an average of
$145,000,compared to $75,000 for a class
7 truck.

Fuel savings, emissions benefits. Smaller,
more lightweight vehicles are not only
typically cheaper, but also burn less fuel
and generate fewer emissions. Class 6 trucks
have 9% better fuel economy than class 7
trucks, on average. One snack producer used
this strategy and transitioned from class 6
trucks to class 5 trucks for urban grocery
store deliveries, saving approximately 10%
on fuel costs.

Please visit the SmartWay website at www.epa.gov/smartway
to access more tech bulletins.

^vSmartWay

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency^


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