US Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs

Office of Pesticide Programs

Microbiology Laboratory

Environmental Science Center, Ft. Meade, MD

Standard Operating Procedure for
Preparation of AO AC and OECD hard water and
other diluents for preparation of antimicrobial
products

SOP Number: MB-30-01

Date Revised: 02-03-17


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SOP No. MB-30-01
Date Revised 02-03-17
Page 1 of 9

SOP Number

MB-30-01

Title

Preparation of AO AC and OECD hard water and other diluents for
preparation of antimicrobial products

Scope

This SOP describes procedures for the preparation of diluents used
to dilute test substances such as hard water, sterile de-ionized water
and tap water, and the accuracy verification for the digital titrator.

Application

Procedures are applicable to various types of diluents used in the
preparation of liquid and spray product formulations.





Approval Date

SOP Developer:



Print Name:

SOP Reviewer



Print Name:

Quality Assurance Unit



Print Name:

Branch Chief



Print Name:





Data SOP issued:



Controlled copy
number:



Date SOP withdrawn:




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SOP No. MB-30-01
Date Revised 02-03-17
Page 2 of 9

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents	Page Number

1.

DEFINITIONS

3

2.

HEALTH AND SAFETY

3

3.

PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS AND TRAINING

3

4.

INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION

3

5.

SAMPLE HANDLING AND STORAGE

3

6.

QUALITY CONTROL

3

7.

INTERFERENCES

3

8. NON-CONFORMING DATA

4

9.

DATA MANAGEMENT

4

10.

CAUTIONS

4

11.

SPECIAL APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

4

12.

PROCEDURE AND ANALYSIS

6

13.

DATA ANALYSIS/CALCULATIONS

8

14.

FORMS AND DATA SHEETS

8

15.

REFERENCES

9


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1. Definitions

1.	Test substance = an antimicrobial formulation used in testing.

2.	Ready-to-use test substance = test substance that requires no activation or
dilution.

3.	Concentrated liquid test substance = liquid or solid test substance that
requires dilution prior to use.

4.	Activation = the combination of a base and an activator to prepare the
final test substance.

5.	Spray test substance = trigger, aerosol or pump-based test substance.

6.	Test substance diluent = sterile liquid used to make test substance
dilutions (e.g. tap water, de-ionized water or hard water).

7.	Hard water = water which contains a standardized concentration of
calcium and magnesium ions.

a.	AO AC hard water - may be prepared at various concentrations of
CaC03 (i.e., 100 ppm-500 ppm)

b.	OECD hard water - prepared at a concentration of 375 ppm based
on CaC03 concentration, unless otherwise specified.

2. Health and
Safety

Follow procedures specified in SOP MB-01, Laboratory Biosafety. The
Study Director and/or lead analyst should consult the Safety Data Sheet for
hazards associated with specific products.

3. Personnel
Qualifications
and Training

Refer to SOP ADM-04, OPP Microbiology Laboratory Training.

4. Instrument
Calibration

Refer to SOP EQ-03 (Weigh balance), QC-01 (QC of water), and QC-19
(Pipettes) for details on method and frequency of calibration.

5. Sample

Handling and
Storage

1.	Refer to SOP MB-22: Preparation and Sampling Procedures for
Antimicrobial Test Substances and SOP COC-01: Chain of Custody
Procedures for Antimicrobial Samples for procedures on sample handling
and storage.

2.	Use AO AC and OECD hard water samples within 5 days of preparation.

3.	Use a Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet for diluents being prepared.

6. Quality Control

1.	For quality control purposes, the required information is documented on
the appropriate record form(s), see section 14.

2.	Perform accuracy verification of the digital titrator on a semi-annual
basis. Details provided in section 12.5.

7. Interferences

1. Inaccurate water hardness values may occur if the digital titrator is not
properly used and/or does not meet the requirements for accuracy


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verification.

2.	Inaccurate results will occur if the delivery tube tip is held out of the
solution rather than under the surface during sample titration and/or
titrator verification procedure.

3.	During sample titration and titrator verification procedure, verify the
delivery tube is free of air bubbles, which can interfere with titration
process.

4.	During titrator verification procedure:

a.	If more or less titrant was used to do the titration (based on the
range of ±4 digits), then the problem may be due to the user's
technique, causing interference.

b.	Conduct the verification procedure accurately and without urgency
to ensure titrant is added consistently.

5.	Use clean glass containers for titration samples; do not use plastic
containers.

6.	Sterilize de-ionized water and tap water according to SOP-QC-13 to
prevent the presence of contamination.

7.	Do not use the de-ionized water as a diluent or to prepare a diluent if it
does not meet the requirements specified in SOP QC-01.

8. Non-conforming
Data

3.	Errors in the preparation of the diluent, if not corrected prior to testing,
will result in a repeat of the study.

4.	The target hardness expressed as mg/L calcium carbonate (CaC03) is
-10% to +5% of the target hardness. Other levels of water hardness may
be used as appropriate.

9. Data

Management

Data will be archived consistent with SOP ADM-03, Records and Archives.

10. Cautions

Strict adherence to the protocol is necessary for the validity of the test
results.

11. Special

Apparatus and
Materials

1.	Glassware

a.	Glassware - such as flasks and beakers, to conduct titration assays.

b.	Sterile volumetric glassware (flasks, etc.) - to measure ingredients
used in hard water preparation.

2.	Equipment

a. Calibrated weigh balance - to prepare hard water solutions 1, 2, A,
and B.

3.	AO AC hard water solutions and reagents


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a.	De-ionized water

b.	Hard Water Solution 1. Dissolve 7.94 g MgCh (anhydrous) (or
16.94 g MgCh 6H2O) and 18.50 g CaCh in boiled de-ionized H2O,
bring to a volume of 250 mL volumetrically. Sterilize by membrane
filtration. Used for the preparation of hard water at various
concentrations.

c.	Hard Water Solution 2. Dissolve 14.01 g NaHCCte in boiled de-
ionized H2O; bring to a volume of 250 mL volumetrically. Sterilize
by membrane filtration. Used for the preparation of hard water at
various concentrations.

4.	OECD hard water solutions and reagents

a.	Note: The OECD hard water (test substance diluent) is 375 ppm
hard water, unless otherwise specified. Adjust the recipe for
volumes other than 1 L.

b.	De-ionized water

c.	Solution A. Dissolve 19.84 g anhydrous magnesium chloride (or
42.36 g MgCh 6H2O) and 46.24 g anhydrous calcium chloride
(CaCh) in de-ionized water and dilute to 1,000 mL. Sterilize by
membrane filtration. Store the solution in the refrigerator and use
for up to one month. Adjust the recipe for volumes other than 1 L.

d.	Solution B. Dissolve 35.02 g sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) in
water and dilute to 1,000 mL. Sterilize by membrane filtration.

Store the solution in the refrigerator and use for up to one month.
Adjust the recipe for volumes other than 1 L.

5.	Hardness Voluette Ampule Standard Solution, 10,000-mg/L as CaC03

(Hach Company, Catalog No. 218-710). Used in the accuracy

verification of the digital titrator.

6.	Apparatus

a.	Digital Titrator Kit (Hach Company, Catalog No. 20636-00). For
the titration of the hard water sample and to determine hardness as
CaC03 (in parts per million).

i. Kit includes reagents, flask, digital titrator, delivery tube,
and instruction sheet necessary to determine the total water
hardness of the sample. Additional reagents may be
purchased from manufacturer (see section 15).

b.	Various titrating cartridges are available depending on the water
hardness range to be assayed:

i. Water hardness in the range of 10-160 ppm = titration
cartridge of 0.0800 EDTA.


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ii. Water hardness in the range of 200-4,000 ppm = titration
cartridge of 0.800 EDTA.

12. Procedure and
Analysis

1.	AO AC hard water preparation is conducted as described in Method I of
AO AC standard 960.09.

2.	OECD hard water preparation is conducted as described in the Guidance
Document on Quantitative Methods for Evaluating the Activity of
Microbicides Used on Hard Non-Porous Surfaces (dated June 21, 2013).

3.	Titration is conducted as described in Method II of AO AC standard
960.09 (see section 15.1).

4.	Per the study sponsor's request, prepare the appropriate diluent for the
test substance. If hard water is prescribed as the diluent, prepare and
verify the water's hardness according to sections 12.1-12.3. For products
requiring the use of sterile de-ionized water or tap water, refer to section
12.4.

12.1 AO AC Hard
Water (as
CaC03) -
Preparation

a.	Add approximately % of total de-ionized water volume to be
prepared to a volumetric flask containing the appropriate amount of
solution 1. Add the appropriate amount of solution 2 to the
volumetric flask. Dilute with de-ionized water to volume mark.
See 12. lc for example.

b.	Per 1 L: Add 1 mL of hard water solution 1 (for each 100 ppm
hardness desired) and 4 mL of hard water solution 2 to a 1 L
volumetric flask and bring to volume with sterile de-ionized H2O.
See example in 12.1c below:

c.	For example, to prepare 1 L of 400 ppm hard water, add 4 mL hard
water solution 1 and 4 mL hard water solution 2 to a 1 L flask and
bring to volume with sterile de-ionized water.

d.	Determine the pH of the hard water sample. The pH should be
between 7.6 and 8.0 (adjust if necessary).

e.	Filter-sterilize the hard water using a 0.2 |im filter unit.

f.	Ensure sterility of hard water prior to use in efficacy testing.

g.	On the day of the day of the test, measure the hardness of the water
using a water hardness test kit, refer to section 12.3.

12.2 OECDHard
Water (as
CaC03) -
Preparation

a.	To prepare 1 L of 375 ppm hard water, place 600-700 mL of de-
ionized water in a 1,000 mL volumetric flask and add 6.0 mL of
Solution A and then 8.0 mL of Solution B.

b.	Mix and add water to the flask to reach 1,000 mL.

c.	The pH of the hard water should be 7.0±0.2 at room temperature. If
necessary, adjust the pH by using 1 N NaOH or 1 N HC1.


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d.	Ensure sterility of hard water prior to use in efficacy testing.

e.	On the day of the test, measure the hardness of the water using a
water hardness test kit, refer to section 12.3.

12.3 Hard water
titration
procedure
(AOAC and
OECD hard
water samples)

d.

e.

Using the digital titrator with the appropriate cartridge, verify
hardness of the sterile hard water, in the form of CaC03.

Water hardness should be within -10% to +5% of the target hardness
for both AOAC and OECD hard water samples. For example, an
acceptable range of AOAC hard water hardness per 400 ppm is 360
to 420 ppm, and an acceptable range of hardness for 375 ppm
OECD hard water is 338-394 ppm.

When using the digital titrator, follow the digital titrator instructions
for calculating the water hardness (refer to section 15).

Record water hardness results in Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet.

Verify the sterility of the hard water according to SOP MB-10.

12.4 Other Diluents

Sterile de-ionized water. For products requiring dilution with de-
ionized water, an appropriate volume of de-ionized water is taken
from the DI water faucets available in each laboratory and sterilized.

Sterile tap water. For products requiring dilution with tap water,
determine the water hardness of the tap water sample on the day of
use. Collect the tap water sample from room B206 in a clean
container prior to sterilization. Use a digital titrator (see sections
12.3 and 15) to determine the water hardness. Record water
hardness results on the Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet.

Appropriate sterilization procedures are available in SOP-QC-13:
Performance Verification of Autoclaves.

Verify the sterility of the de-ionized water or the tap water
according to SOP MB-10, Media and Reagents Preparation and
Quality Evaluation.

12.5 Accuracy
verification
(standard
additions
method) using
CaC03 hard
water samples
for Hach Kit

a.	On a semi-annual basis, determine the accuracy of the digital titrator
using the method found in the Hach kit user's manual for accuracy
verification using CaC03 hard water samples.

Note: The accuracy verification of the digital titrator may be
checked by either the CaC03 hard water method - described in this
SOP, section 12.5.b, or by the total chlorine method - described in
SOP EQ-12: Hach's Digital Titrator for Total Chlorine Titration,
section 12.4.

b.	Accuracy verification procedure:


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i.

Prepare a hard water sample (AOAC or OECD) and
determine the water hardness as described in section 12.3.
Any hard water sample may be used.



ii.

Use sample from step 12.5b, i for accuracy verification.



iii.

Open the standard solution ampule (10,000 mg/L as CaC03).



iv.

Add 0.1 mL of the standard to the titrated sample in step
12.5b, i. Swirl to mix.



v.

Titrate the spiked sample to the end point (i.e., when the
titrated sample turns from pink to blue). Record the number
of digits on the digital titrator display that was used to reach
the end point.



vi.

Repeat steps 12.5b, iv and 12.5b, v twice more for a total of
three 0.1 mL samples of the standard added to the titrated
sample.



vii.

Each 0.1 mL of standard that was added will use
approximately 10 digits of the 0.800 M titration cartridge or
approximately 100 digits of the 0.0800 M titration cartridge
to reach the endpoint (11 digits of0.714Mor56 digits of
0.1428 M titrant). A range of ±4 digits is acceptable.



viii.

Record outcome of accuracy verification procedure on the
log sheet (see section 14).



ix.

If verification procedure fails, repeat steps 12.5b, i-vii. After
the repeat, if the verification procedure continues to fail,
identify the titrator as unusable. Use an alternate titrator or
purchase a new one ensure titration procedures are accurate.

12.6 Media/Reagent
Preparation
Sheet

a. Record diluent preparation and hard water titration (if applicable) on
the Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet (refer to SOP QC-15, Media
Prep and Sterilization Run Numbers).

13. Data Analysis/
Calculations

None.

14. Forms and Data
Sheets

1. Media/Reagent Preparation Sheets. Sheets are stored separately from the
SOP under the following file names:

Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet for AO AC MB-30-01 Fl.xlsx
Hard Water Solution 1

Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet for AO AC MB-30-01 F2.xlsx
Hard Water Solution 2

Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet for OECD MB-30-01 F3.xlsx
Hard Water Solution A


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Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet for OECD MB-30-01 F4.xlsx
Hard Water Solution B

Example of Media/Reagent Preparation Sheet for MB-30-01 F5.xlsx
AO AC 400 ppm Hard Water

Accuracy Verification Semi-Annual Log Sheet MB-30-01 F6.xlsx

15. References

1.	AOAC Official Method 960.09: Germicidal and Detergent Sanitizing
Action of Disinfectants, Revised First Action 2013.

2.	Guidance Document on Quantitative Methods for Evaluating the Activity
of Microbicides Used on Hard Non-Porous Surfaces (June 21, 2013).

3.	Hach Digital Titrator Model 16900-01 manual, pages 91-98.

4.	Online Method-Hardness, Total. Method 8213. Hach Company. 16900-
08. 25th Ed. 03/2013.


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