FOX RIVER uunncht

Winter 2014	Vol. 17, No. 2	Update from the Fox River Intergovernmental Partnership

EPA, DNR oversee sixth year of sediment cleanup

By Susan Pastor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

PHOTO COURTESY OF THE BOLDT TEAM

A technician labels a sediment sample.

Nearly 552,000 cubic yards of
PCB-contaminated sediment were
dredged in the Green Bay area this
season as year six of the cleanup
came to an end in November.

According to reports submitted by
NCR Corp., the paper company
funding and conducting the cleanup,
the total for work from Little Rapids
to Green Bay is 8 million yards. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
Remedial Project Manager Jim
Hahnenberg said the goals outlined
in the project's design have been
met almost every year. In 2014,
however, he explained that this
year's dredging goal of 673,000

cubic yards of sediment was not
quite achieved.

"Overall, we've been pleased with
the results so far, but this year we fell
short of our goal," he stated. "This
was partly because cleanup work
was not completed where it was
planned due to ongoing evaluations
of shoreline stability and a concern
that dredging could cause river banks
to collapse."

As in years past, the sediment that
was removed from the river was
taken to a processing facility on
State Street in Green Bay where
it was treated before being loaded

continued on page 3 >

EPA review shows there

By Susan Pastor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Although dredging in the Lower Fox River from
Appleton to Green Bay is still in progress, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency recently reviewed the
cleanup to see how "protective" it is.

This review, which is required by law every five years,
showed the cleanup is not protecting people and the
environment because PCB levels have not dropped
to safe levels although levels are lower than before.
Superfund projects where cleanup activities are ongoing
or where some levels of contaminants were left behind
must be regularly examined.

The puipose of these five-year reviews is to ensure that
a site's conditions haven't substantially changed, that

is still work to be done

PHOTHCOORTESy 0F THE B'QLDTTEAM

Pipeline transports sediment to the dewatering facility.

continued on page 6 >

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Winter 2014

FOX RIVER CURRENT

DNR administrator brings environmental,
financial experience to Lower Fox River team

By Ed Culhane, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Russ Rasmussen earned
a degree in botany before
entering the workforce, but as
a state budget analyst, he spent
more time with his nose in
spreadsheets than in flowers.

Earlier this year, Rasmussen
was tapped to lead the
Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources" water
division. The challenges
are momentous - including
the largest PCB cleanup
ever attempted anywhere. Six years of dredging PCB-
contaminated sediment from the Lower Fox River from De
Pere to Green Bay, with associated sand capping to isolate
residual contaminants from the food chain, has already
removed the most dangerous "hot spots." Although legal and
financial challenges remain, this historic cleanup is currently
on track to be completed in 2017.

His approach is to get people with differing viewpoints
around the table and to move forward in a respectful manner
until a resolution is formed that everyone can support.

"I'm optimistic we will complete the project," Rasmussen
said. "We'll continue to have a working river, but also
a healthy river, a river that is safe and enjoyable for
recreation."

When he isn't focusing on the Lower Fox River cleanup,
Rasmussen and his team are working on other high-profile
projects. For example, they are re-evaluating the Wisconsin
DNR's approach to permitting the high-capacity wells
necessary for farming, mining, manufacturing and urban
development. At issue is how the agency considers the
"cumulative impacts" of drilling new wells into heavily
plumbed aquifers.

"It's a challenge," Rasmussen said. "How do you address
cumulative impacts while still allowing reasonable use?"

Rasmussen, who graduated from the University of
Wisconsin-Madison in 1975, was hired by the state

Department of Administration's bureau of procurement,
commodities section, in 1991. For three years, he spent
tens of millions of dollars supplying prisons and other state
institutions.

Then, moving to the state budget office, he was assigned
to analyze the Wisconsin DNR's biennial spending plans.
He went back to school on weekends and after five years of
study earned a master's degree in business administration
from Edgewood College, Madison.

Rasmussen then joined the Wisconsin Department of
Transportation as chief of environmental services. He
worked with underground storage tanks, air and soil
monitoring, and issues surrounding historic artifacts.

"I liked that job because there was a lot of variety," he said,
"but I didn't love concrete."

Rasmussen joined the Wisconsin DNR in 1998. He started
with the bureau of solid waste, now called waste and
materials management. "While I was at DOA, I was over
here at DNR as much as I was at DOA," Rasmussen said.
"So it was sort of like coming home."

By 2004, he was director of the bureau of watershed
management, and in 2011 he became deputy administrator
of the water division - a position he held until May when
he was appointed to his current position as the division's
administrator.

In the meantime, there is much to celebrate. In addition to
the Lower Fox River, major waterways like the Menominee
River at nearby Marinette, are benefitting from major
cleanups accomplished in partnership with the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and dozens of other
partners.

In the Menominee River, the Wisconsin DNR and the city
of Marinette are restoring historic Menekaunee Harbor,
removing contaminants, restoring habitat, and improving
public access and recreational opportunities. Further
upstream - with $6 million in grants from the EPA and the
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and $4 million from a

continued on page 7 >

Russ Rasmussen

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Winter 2014

FOX RIVER CURRENT

> continued from page 1

onto trucks and taken to Hickory Meadows Landfill in
Calumet County or Ridgeview Landfill in Manitowoc
County. Both are licensed to accept this type of waste.

Ridgeview was awarded a state permit in 2012 to
take higher levels of hazardous waste while Hickory
Meadows continues to accept sediment with lower
levels.

Nearly 15,000 truckloads took about 310,000 tons of
processed sediment to the landfills for proper disposal.
Crews also worked on covering areas downstream from
the DePere Dam with sand. About 7 acres were covered
with a layer of sand. Another layer of larger stones
was spread over more than 55 acres. "We use sand and
stone because they stay in place during large storms,"
Hahnenberg continued. "And, the cost is relatively
low."

The only other work done this year was the removal
of remaining underwater shipwreck debris near the
processing plant. Most of the debris was pulled out
of the water last year but work was suspended in
December due to freezing temperatures. A display
featuring the two tugboats is expected to be added to the
Neville Public Museum of Brown County by summer
2015.

Over the winter, the design for next year's dredging,
capping and covering will be modified, according to
Hahnenberg. "Every year, we do a work plan for the
following year to tweak the dredging to be done each
season."

PHOTO COURTESY OF THE BOLDT TEAM

Sediment is stored at the processing facility.

When the cleanup resumes next spring, it will be
centered in the city of Green Bay and move towards the
mouth of the river. "We'll go 1,200 feet from the mouth
of the river into the bay," Hahnenberg said. "That's
where the higher levels of PCBs were dumped."

Even with the slight setback, the project is still on track
to be done by 2017, according to Hahnenberg. "Every
year, the volume of dredged sediment goes down
because we have less work to do since we are almost
done," he explained. "When the cleanup is completed in
about three years, we will have met the ultimate goal of
reducing the risk to people and the environment."

&

Out and About...

By Susan Pastor,

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

The Fox River Intergovernmental Partnership
is made up of U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,

National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Oneida Tribe of Indians of
Wisconsin and Menominee Indian Tribe of
Wisconsin. These partners, as well as other
supporting agencies, regularly provide speakers
to organizations in the Fox Valley area. To
request a speaker, please contact the agency
directly or Susan Pastor, EPA Community
Involvement Coordinator, at 312-353-1325
or 800-621-8431, Ext. 31325, or via email at
pastor, susan@epa.gov.

Septem her

~ Beth Olson and Gary Kincaid, Wisconsin
DNR: Clean Bay Backers boat tour, Green
Bay; Lower Fox River general cleanup and
area of concern.

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Winter 2014

FOX RIVER CURRENT

The Fox River Current is featuring Natural Resource Damage Assessment projects in and near the
Lower Fox River.

Spotlight On:	1?

Trustee support of Lower Fox River/

Green Bay Area of Concern projects

By Betsy Galbraith, Fox River/Green Bay NRDA Trustee Council Coordinator

Over the last decade, the Fox River/Green Bay
Natural Resource Trustees and their partners have
supported restoration projects within the Lower
Fox River and Green Bay Area of Concern. The
AOC designation was given to Lower Green Bay
(out to Long Tail Point and Point Au Sable) and the
Fox River below the De Pere Dam in 1980 by the
International Joint Commission of Canada and the
United States. Problems such as poor habitat for fish
and wildlife, contaminated sediment and poor water
quality were some of the reasons for this designation.

The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
worked with community stakeholders to develop a
"Remedial Action Plan" in 1988 to improve the AOC.
Since that time, much work has been completed and
significant progress has been made. Several updates
to this plan have been completed over the years, most
recently in 2013.

The trustees are playing a pivotal role for recovery
of the Green Bay AOC and Lake Michigan by
supporting restoration projects. Funds received from
final and interim settlements with some of the parties
responsible for releasing the PCBs have been used
to implement these projects. Several projects within
or adjacent to the Lower Fox River and Green Bay
AOC supported by the trustees and their partners are
described below:

Cat Island Chain Restoration
Redevelopment of the 272-acre Cat Island Chain in
Lower Green Bay will result in high-quality shallow
water habitat for fish, waterfowl and other migrating
birds. The reconstructed islands will also protect
shallow aquatic and wetland habitat in the backwater
area behind the islands. The trustees supported the
design in the early phases of the project. Along with

many other partners including Brown County Port
and Resource Recovery, the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers and the Cat Island Advisory Committee,
the trustees also contributed to the construction of the
access road and islands. The project is an important
step towards recovery of the AOC.

Duck Creek Fish Passage
The Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin
spearheaded a project to remove two dams on Duck
Creek, a tributary to Lower Green Bay adjacent to the
AOC. Removal of the dams opened 180 miles of fish
passage within the waterway and its tributaries. Other
benefits of the project improved and expanded fish
habitat for feeding, spawning and nursery habitat. An
additional dam located upstream on Duck Creek was
also modified to prevent the migration of invasive
species.

continued >

PHQXO.OfiORTlKEQF BRQ55M

An aerial view shows the Cat Island Chain restoration.

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Winter 2014

FOX RIVER CURRENT

Sensiba Wildlife Area
The Sensiba Wildlife Area on the west shore,
adjacent to the AOC, is part of an important historical
migration route for waterfowl, shorebirds and raptors.
Restoration of 300 acres, led by the Wisconsin DNR,
will improve habitat for migrating birds and spawning
northern pike from Green Bay. The trustees and
multiple partners, including Ducks Unlimited and
The Nature Conservancy, supported project design,
planning and construction.

Point Au Sable Preservation and Restoration
Through a partnership with the University of
Wisconsin-Green Bay, the trustees supported efforts
to preserve 62 acres of coastal wetlands that were
added to the Point Au Sable Natural Area. Point Sable
is located in the northeast corner of the AOC. The
project benefits a diverse bird community, migrating
northern pike and nursery habitat for yellow perch.
Restoration of the natural area is currently in progress
utilizing partnership funds. UWGB students and staff
also conduct research at the site.

PHOTO COURTESY OF UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-GREEN BAY

An aerial view captures the Point Au Sable coastal wetlands.

The natural resource trustees include the Wisconsin
DNR, Oneida Tribe, Menominee Indian Tribe of
Wisconsin, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

For more information about the Lower Fox River
and Green Bay AOC, go to the Wisconsin DNR Web
page: http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/greatlakes/greenbay.
html. For more information about Fox River/Green
Bay NRDA projects, contact Betsy M. Galbraith,
trustee council coordinator, at
betsy_galbraith@fws.gov or 920-866-1753.

PHOTttCOORXESf OF WI SCOBS® DEPART MENT.'QF NATURAL RESOURCES

Sensiba Wildlife Area sign welcomes visitors.

PHOTO COURTESY OF ffliEIPA TRIBE

Dam removal on Duck Creek opens 180 miles of fish passage.

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Winter 2014

FOX RIVER CURRENT

) continued from page 1

the original risk assumptions are still valid, and that the
cleanup is safe and continues to protect people and the
environment. Because the cleanup is not completed,
solid conclusions can't be drawn at this time, according
to EPA Remedial Project Manager Jim Hahnenberg.

"It comes as no surprise that the cleanup isn't keeping
the public or the surrounding environment totally safe -
yet," he said. "We finished our work in Little Lake Butte
des Morts in 2009, but there is still plenty of work to
be done in the river," he said. "Current levels of PCBs
in fish tissue, sediment and surface water aren't low
enough but they are lower now than before the cleanup."

While there are fish advisories in place and warning
signs posted up and down the river, fishing has been
observed. EPA, Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources and Wisconsin Department of Health believe
some people are eating what they catch. "This means
they are being exposed to PCBs that tend to accumulate
in the fatty tissues of certain types of fish such as
catfish," Hahnenberg continued. "The agencies also care
about birds, plants and animals who live along the river.
Right now, they are also being exposed to PCBs."

EPA expects to be able to report that people and the
environment are being shielded from PCBs after the
cleanup is completed in 2017. "It will take some time
following the completion of the cleanup to see if the
PCB levels have gone down," Hahnenberg added.
"The Lower Fox River will continue to be evaluated
for however long PCBs are not at safe levels, and until
monitoring information shows contaminant levels have
been reduced and that we can ensure the cleanup is
functioning as it was intended."

Post cleanup evaluations will also measure PCB levels
in dredged, or uncovered areas, to determine if sand
and gravel caps and covers were properly installed in
the sediment and maintained over the years. Boating
activities in cap areas such as anchoring, salvaging,
dragging, and establishing "no wake" areas will not
be restricted since they are not expected to damage the
caps.

"Federal and state laws, as well as various legal
agreements already in place, must continue to be
followed after the cleanup is completed," Hahnenberg
concluded. "Someday we want to see our five-year
review deem the final cleanup 'protective.'"

Federal court files decrees, appeals in 2014

By Susan Pastor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Five legal agreements were filed in federal court this year. First, three consent decrees, or settlements, totaling
about $55 million were lodged in federal court on March 26. Later, two appeals were filed in September. To read
them online, go to:

•	Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, United States of
America v. P. H. Glatfelter Co. and NCR Corp. (PDF), (38pp, 417K) September 2014.

•	Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, NCR Corp. et al. v.
George A. Whiting Paper Co. et al. (PDF), (57pp, 392K) September 2014.

•	924: Notice of Lodging of Three Proposed Consent Decrees (PDF), (7pp, 41K), March 26, 2014.

•	924-1: Consent Decree with Cashout Settling Defendants and the State of Wisconsin (PDF), (59 pp, 980K),
March 26, 2014.

•	924-2: Consent Decree with Kimberly Clark (PDF), (32 pp, 541K), March 26, 2014.

•	924-3: Consent Decree with Newpage Wisconsin Inc. (PDF), (30 pp, 617K), March 26, 2014.

Questions concerning these documents should be directed to Wyn Hornbuckle, U.S. Department of Justice,
202-514-2007 or athornbuckle.wyn@usdoj.gov.

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Winter 2014

FOX RIVER CURRENT

> continued from page 2

private energy company - the Wisconsin DNR is developing
safe and effective ways for lake sturgeon to bypass two
hydroelectric dams and reach historic spawning grounds.

Rasmussen is confident. He has seen the numbers.

"As we develop our strategies, we will continue to show
that you can have a healthy economy and a healthy
environment," he said. "In fact, the two are necessary for
each other."

Wisconsin DNR updates Chinook salmon advisory

By Anke Hildebrandt, Wisconsin Department of Health

The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources updated
its consumption advisory for Chinook salmon in the
Green Bay region this year.

Chinooks of all sizes are now "okay" for one meal per
month versus only Chinooks under 30 inches. After the
Wisconsin DNR sampled a variety of fish, only Chinook

had PCB concentrations low enough to warrant a change
in the consumption advice.

To learn more about Wisconsin fish advisories,
go to www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/fish. For all
information on all Wisconsin waterways, check
http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/consumption.

information available at local libraries

The Fox River Intergovernmental Partnership invites the public to review technical reports, fact sheets,
newsletters and other documents related to the Lower Fox River cleanup at information repositories set up in
the reference sections of the Wisconsin libraries listed below.

•	Appleton Public Library, 225 N. Oneida St., Appleton; 920-832-6170

•	Brown County Library, 515 Pine St., Green Bay; 920-448-4381, Ext. 394

•	Door County Library, 107 S. Fourth Ave., Sturgeon Bay; 920-743-6578

•	Oneida Community Library, 201 Elm St., Oneida; 920-869-2210

•	Oshkosh Public Library, 106 Washington Ave., Oshkosh; 920-236-5205

In addition, fact sheets and newsletters
only are maintained at the public
libraries in De Pere, Kaukauna, Little
Chute, Neenah and Wrightstown.

An Administrative Record, which
contains detailed information upon
which the selection of the cleanup plans
was based, is available at:

•	Wisconsin DNR, Northeast Regional Office, 2984 Shawano Ave., Green Bay

•	Wisconsin DNR, Bureau ofWatershed Management, 101 S. Webster St., 3rd Floor, Madison

•	Appleton Public Library, 225 N. Oneida St., Appleton

•	Brown County Library, 515 Pine St., Green Bay

•	EPA Record Center, 77 W. Jackson Blvd., 7th Floor, Chicago

Check out these websites:

http://www.epa.gov/region5/cleanup/foxriver

http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/greatlakes/greenbay.html

http://contaminants.fws.gov/issues/restoration.cfm

http://www.fws.gov/midwest/es/ec/nrda/index.html

http://www.foxrivernrda.org

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vvEPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Region 5

Superfund Division (SI-7J)
77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, IL 60604-3590

Reproduced on Recycled Paper

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Prepared by the Fox River Intergovernmental Partnership: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin, Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin, and National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. Supporting agencies include Wisconsin Department of Health Services, U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in these articles are solely those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by all members of
the Fox River Intergovernmental Partnership.

INSIDE FOX RIVER CURRENT

EPA, DNR oversee sixth year of sediment cleanup 1
EPA review shows there is still work to be done 1
DNR administrator brings environmental, financial experience to Lower Fox River team 2
Out and About... 3
Spotlight On: Trustee support of Lower Fox River/Green Bay Area of Concern proj ects 4
Federal court files decrees, appeals in 2014 6
Wisconsin DNR updates Chinook salmon advisory 7
Information repository locations 7
Website addresses 7

Fox River Current is published
bi-annually by the Fox River
Intergovernmental Partnersliip. Its
purpose is to provide information about
cleanup and restoration efforts on the
Lower Fox River. Call Susan Pastor at
312-353-1325 or 800-621-8431,
Ext. 31325, weekdays, 8:30 a.m. - 4:30
p.m. to request a free subscription.
Feedback on articles and ideas for future
issues are welcome. Send comments to
Susan Pastor, EPA Superfund Division
(SI-7J), 77 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL
60604 or email pastor.susan@epa.gov.

MPT. OF NATURAL RESOURCES

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