4
Optional Water Efficiency Measure: May contribute to the 30 percent water efficiency requirement,
depending on the chosen WaterSense® Approved Certification Method (WACM).
UNDERSTAND
Leaks can be associated with toilet flappers, dripping faucets, irrigation lines, or many other sources.
Leak detection and flow monitoring systems are devices used to identify potential leaks in water
systems. If a leak is detected, these devices sound an alarm or send a notification to the homeowner,
helping to limit water waste and potential water damage.
Some insurance companies may provide premium discounts or credits for leak detection or flow
monitoring systems, particularly those connected to automatic shutoff devices.
These devices use a variety of technologies, have unique installation requirements, and offer different
features and benefits. It's important to consider priorities for a particular house/project in selecting the
appropriate leak detection device(s). See Potential Features of Leak Detection and Flow Monitoring
Devices on the next page.
BUILD
UNDERSTAND product limitations from the
manufacturer. Some products do not work under
certain conditions (e.g., under higher water pressure)
or with certain models of meters.
SELECT a device capable of monitoring for all water
use in the home. For example, if a home has an
irrigation system, select a device that can monitor for
indoor and outdoor water use or leaks.
FOLLOW the manufacturer's installation instructions.
If installing an in-line device, ensure the plumbing
design has enough pipe length to accommodate the
device and that the leak detection system is installed
in an area that is easily accessible.
ENSURE the device is installed such that it will not
interfere with fire sprinkler systems.
COMMUNICATE sign-up or subscription requirements,
if applicable, to the homeowner upon turnover of the home.
Make the Home System Ready
Not sure if the future homeowner will want a
leak detection device installed? Some
manufacturers of in-line systems offer pipe
spacers to ensure the plumbing system is ready
for easy installation of the device at a later time.
=A VERIFY
• CONFIRM the location and installation of leak detection devices.
*NOTE: Consult with the Home Certification Organization for specific verification protocols.

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Potential Features of Leak Detection and Flow Monitoring Devices
Monitoring Technology
•	Moisture-sensing devices use electrodes to detect water as it
appears in a designated area and sound an alarm or activate a
shut-off valve to notify homeowners when water is in a location
that is not intended, such as on the floor near a water-using
appliance or fixture.
•	Flow monitoring devices record water flow or water pressure in
pipes to detect irregularities. If irregular water use or pressure
changes are detected, the device notifies the homeowner and/or
activates an associated shut-off valve to prevent water waste or
damage.
Installation Requirements
•	In-line devices, which typically come with shutoff capabilities, are
more invasive and likely require a plumber to install within water
piping.
•	Moisture-detection or external flow monitoring devices are less
complicated to install.
•	Some systems integrate multiple technologies (e.g., separate
devices for moisture detection and flow monitoring) in a mesh
network to offer enhanced protection.
Area and Uses Being
Monitored
•	Some moisture detection and flow monitoring devices are focused
on a specific point of use, such as a toilet or water heater, while
others are installed at the point of entry to a home or unit to
monitor whole-house water consumption.
•	Some devices are specifically intended for indoor or outdoor water
use, while others can monitor water use in both areas.
Intervention Abilities
•	Some devices offer integrated shutoff capabilities or otherwise
activate a water shutoff valve.
•	Devices without shutoff abilities typically sound an alarm or send
a notification.
This technical fact sheet is part of EPA's Technical Reference Manual for
WaterSense Labeled Homes. For the full document and other tools and	EPA-832-F-23-016
resources for homes, visit www.epa.gov/watersense/tools-and-resources.	July 2023

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